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2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题Contraction of front and side parts of the brain—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirty, but it was still not evident in some sixty—and seventy-year-olds.AB CD【答案】C thirty改为thirties【解析】【考查点】固定表达。
【解题思路】in one’s thirties意思为“在某人三十多岁时”，这里指的年龄是概数。
【句意】有的人大脑前部和侧部的收缩——随着细胞的死亡——在三十多岁时就能被观察到了，但是也有些人直到六七十岁依然不明显。
2.填空题Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely success is so mysterious.A B CD【答案】D success is改为is success【解析】【考查点】倒装。
【解题思路】表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，用部分倒装，句子的一般陈述句语序为success is so mysterious，此时is应该提前，因此D部分应为is success。
【句意】我们常常相信别人的成功是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的突破。
但成功很少如此神秘。
3.单选题Some reporters and commentators indulged in discreet criticism of shortcomings in Soviet life.问题1选项A.harshB.intensiveC.cautiousD.rational【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. harsh 残酷的，严酷的B. intensive 密集的C. cautious 小心的，谨慎的D. rational 合理的，理性的，明智的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Creatively exciting and commercially attractive…You’ve got a movie here that will _______ kids and adults alike.问题1选项A.appeal toB.resort toC.switch toD.refer to【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. appeal to 对……有吸引力B. resort to 依靠，求助于C. switch to 切换到，转变成D. refer to 指的是【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析。
【解题思路】横线处和kids and adults构成动宾搭配关系，结合前面的关键词Creatively exciting and commercially attractive，可知这部电影非常精彩，孩子和成年人都会喜欢，appeal to符合语境，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合语境。
【句意】在创意上令人兴奋，在商业上具有吸引力……这是一部既能吸引孩子也能吸引成年人的电影。
2.填空题What is good is thought to be ________ and what is evil is thought to be harmful, but defining good and evil remains a central question of ethics. (benefit) 【答案】beneficial【解析】【考查点】形容词。
【解题思路】根据横线前面的be，以及表示并列结构的and，可知横线所在内容为形容词，beneficial“有益的”符合语境，指的是善被认为是有益的。
【句意】善被认为是有益的，恶被认为是有害的，但定义善恶仍然是伦理学的中心问题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Clinton denied the more serious allegations that he had lied under oath about the relationship and had entreated Lewinsky to do the same.问题1选项A.pleadedB.flatteredC.deceivedD.scared【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. pleaded 乞求，恳求B. flattered 奉承，讨好C. deceived 欺骗，蒙骗D. scared 惊吓，使害怕【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】entreated的意思为“恳求，乞求”，指的是克林顿恳求莱温斯基同他一起在两人的关系上撒谎，pleaded与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】克林顿否认了更严重的指控，即他在宣誓后就两人的关系撒了谎，并恳求莱温斯基也这样做。
2.单选题Long-term water availability is largely determined by the average conditions in a river basin, but it is often extreme events that cause acute water insecurity.问题1选项A.occasionalB.constantC.urgentD.serious【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. occasional 偶尔的，偶然的B. constant 连续发生的，不断的C. urgent 紧急的，紧迫的D. serious 严重的，有危险的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】acute的意思为“十分严重的”，这里指极端事件让水变得非常不安全，有严重的安全问题，serious与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The Romans were hardworking and frugal, self-reliant, serious about their responsibilities and steadfast in the face of adversity.问题1选项A.economicalB.cautiousC.courageousD.righteous【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. economical 节俭的，节约的B. cautious 小心的，谨慎的C. courageous 勇敢的，无畏的D. righteous 公正的，正直的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】frugal的意思为“（对金钱、食物等）节约的，节俭的”，用来形容the Romans，指的是罗马人很勤俭节约，economical与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】罗马人勤劳节俭，自力更生，认真履行他们的责任，面对逆境也坚定不移。
2.单选题He has admitted to making a blunder by loading up on this stock during the 2008 oil boom, and just before the stock-market crash.问题1选项A.errorB.riskC.fortuneD.deal【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. error 错误，差错B. risk 危险，风险C. fortune 机会，运气D. deal 协议，（尤指）交易【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】blunder的意思为“愚蠢（或粗心）的错误”，指的是在不恰当的时间囤积了股票，这是一个错误，error与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The November 17-day coal strike, which was terminated December 7, brought about a general business and production paralysis at the close of the year.问题1选项A.worsenedB.discontinuedC.denouncedD.hindered【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. worsened 变得更糟，恶化B. discontinued 停止，终止C. denounced 谴责，指责D. hindered 阻碍，妨碍【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】terminated的意思为“（使）停止，结束”，指的是罢工进行了17天后才结束，discontinued 与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】去年12月7日结束的17天煤矿罢工，在年底造成了企业和生产的全面瘫痪。
2.单选题Although blemished by the debt and deficit problems, the economy in Belgium was generally healthy. Both industrial production and overall gross domestic product were expected to rise by 1.6 percent for 1992.问题1选项A.accumulatedB.crushedC.stimulatedD.spoiled【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. accumulated 积累，积聚B. crushed 压坏，压伤C. stimulated 激发（某事物）D. spoiled 破坏，搞坏【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As more and more African Americans moved away from segregated housing, they had less connection to the vernacular and more occasion to speak standard American English.问题1选项A.restrictedB.isolatedC.outdatedD.exhausted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. restricted 限制，限定（数量、范围等）B. isolated （使）隔离，孤立C. outdated （新东西）使过时D. exhausted 使筋疲力尽【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】segregated的意思为“隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）”，这里指的是这些房屋和其他地方是隔离开的，非裔美国人就住在这片区域，isolated与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】随着越来越多的非裔美国人搬离被隔开的住房，他们与当地方言的联系越来越少，在更多场合中说标准的美式英语。
2.填空题A community which collective interests the terrorist organization claims to serve may be terrorized so that their cooperation, loyalty, and support are ensured. Groups that come to power by this means usually continue to rule by terror.ABC D【答案】A which改为whose【解析】【考查点】定语从句。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Had spring ever been gentle, so endearing before? Had every little scene, every shop window, every face he passed ever been so wonderfully interesting?问题1选项A.attractiveB.favorableC.inspiringD.peaceful【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. attractive 吸引人的，令人愉快的B. favorable 给人好印象的（有好感）C. inspiring 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的D. peaceful 安静的，平静的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】endearing的意思为“惹人喜爱的，讨人喜欢的”，这里问春天是否曾经惹人喜爱，让人不自觉地被他吸引，attractive与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】春天曾经如此惹人喜爱吗？他走过的每一处、每一个商店橱窗、每一张面孔，都曾经是那么奇妙而有趣吗？2.单选题At Buffalo Creek, West Virginia, a makeshift dam at a coal mine site collapsed with a loss of more than 100 lives.问题1选项A.fragileB.massiveC.crudeD.temporary【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. fragile 易碎的，易损的B. massive 巨大的，大而重的C. crude 粗略的，简略的D. temporary 暂时的，临时的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】makeshift的意思为“临时替代的，权宜的”，用来形容dam，指的是煤矿工地的临时大坝，temporary与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The physical devastation caused by the Civil War, the freeing of the slaves, and the chaos of the Reconstruction era had ruinous effects on Mississippi’s economy.问题1选项A.impactB.disorderC.offenceD.folly【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. impact 巨大影响，强大作用B. disorder 杂乱，混乱C. offence 犯罪，罪行D. folly 愚笨，愚蠢的想法（或事情、行为）【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】chaos的意思为“混乱，杂乱”，指的是重建时期的混乱，disorder与之词义相近，因此B 选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】南北战争造成的物质破坏，奴隶解放和重建时期的混乱给密西西比的经济带来了毁灭性的影响。
2.单选题Is it surprising that a wave of sadness swept over me as I looked for the last time at the Flaming Cliffs, gorgeous in the morning sunshine of that brilliant August day?问题1选项A.splendidB.riskyC.restlessD.gloomy【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. splendid 壮丽的，雄伟的B. risky 有危险（或风险）的C. restless 坐立不安的，不耐烦的D. gloomy 黑暗的，阴暗的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, “High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.” He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.My topic is not standards nor its decline. What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generations of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today’s young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not commit offenses against the language.1. The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that ________.2. In the author’s opinion, the speaker ________.3. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.4. The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is ________.问题1选项A.the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that of the older generationB.the students had a poor command of English because they didn’t work hard enoughC.the was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen yearsD.English teachers should be held responsible for the students’ poor command of English问题2选项A.gave a correct judgment of the English level of the studentsB.had exaggerated the language problems of the studentsC.was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobsD.could think and speak intelligently问题3选项A.it is justifiable to include English as a school subjectB.the author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 levelC.English language teaching is by no means an easy jobnguage improvement needs time and effort问题4选项A.neutralB.positiveC.criticalpromising【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that ________. 作者在文中提到的演讲者认为________。
综合英语（六）复习题一综合英语（六）复习题一I. Match the definitions in Column B with the words or phrases in Column A (8 points in total, 1 point for each)A B1. take charge of2. homemade3. emulate4. sizable5. work up6. Live off7. emphasis8. Catch/get/take hold ofII. Filling in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary. (12 points in total, 1 point for each)afflictcast circulation collectionconfer demonstrate isolationmaximum motivation wedge catch sb. In the middle of check out1. They turned on the cameras and _____ me right _____.2. These studies _____ the capacity of the dolphin to developa particular kind of language ability under the influence of humans.3. Undoubtedly some will be unable to cope with this emphasis on self-management because they lack either the intelligence or perhaps, more importantly, the ______ to do so.4. The patient lies on his back, his head, shoulders and trunksupported on a _____ cushion.5. Karsten Schubert shows us an interesting _____ of rare catalogues.6. 6 percent of the respondents said they rarely spend time with friends, colleagues, or others in social groups. Social _____ has been thought of as a cause of social distress.7. The Independent , which celebrates its third birthday today, achieved a record _____ in September of 419000 copies a day.8. Here, the library is a readers ’ paradise; everything ’s for free and you can _____ as many things as you like.9. The oak tree ____ a long shadow across the lawn in the afternoon.10 Advertisements encourage the purchase of strong and well-known brands that _____ status.11. Private businesses would be limited in the size of workforce, from a _____ of 200 employees in an industrial or company down to a _____ of 15 employees in the retail sector.a. Fairly largeb. Take sth. in the handc. Depend on sb or sth for money or foodd. Try to do as well as or better thane. Made at homef. Rouse to a high point of excitement, etc., excite, stir upg. Take control ofh. Special force given to certain words, ideas or details in speaking, writing, to show that they are important.12.The greatest problem _____ the chemical industry at the moment is simple: the recession.III. Cloze: (10 points in total, 1 point for each)Directions: Read the passage carefully until you have got itsmain idea, and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box.appropriate Success invented considered lessexhibiting repetition promoting later Advantageinstant ensured too literacy significantlyDeveloping a love reading and writing is a role that parents can play in their children’s lives. _____ (1) in school and later careers depends on a large scale on having good reading and writing skills. These days we constantly hear about the importance of _____ (2) . What does literacy mean? It’s the ability to read and wrote.Help your child learn to love reading. The key is to start early. Read out loud to your child regularly. Research shows that reading together just 30 minutes a day _____ (3) improves your child’s reading ability.Aside from that, another important activity for _____ (4) literacy is using the library. Get a library card for each child, let them go often to select new books on their own. Check with the librarian to find what is ____(5)Take the time to look at your daily activities and help your child see the connection to reading and writing. Cooking, reading food labels, playing word games, and writing stories can be helpful, _____(6)For children who don’t read much, it might take time to get used to reading aloud, and _____ (7), silent reading. Give it the time it deserves. You may get tired of reading the same stories again and again but it is that _____ (8) that is so important for your child.Children see adults around them writing and reading messages, notes, articles or books. This often makes them wantto say their ideas out loud so you can write them down. At preschool age or older, children begin to write, using their own _____ (9) spelling or best guess. They understand that writing helps them share important information and experiences. It is _____ (10) important for children to spell the words right than it is to enjoy the experience. Correct spelling can happen a litter later.IV. Reading Comprehension (30 points in total, 2 point for each)Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage One March MadnessFor the rest of March, an epidemic (传染病) will sweep across the US. It will keep kids home from school. College students will ignore piles of homework. Employees will suddenly lose their ability to concentrate.The disease, known as "March Madness", refers to the yearly 65-team US men's college basketball tournament. It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April. Teams compete against each other in a single-elimination tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness.The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game. Friends compete against friends, husbands against wives, and colleagues against bosses.Big-name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little-known universities.This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Last year, they little-known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. Many people had never been heard of the university before the tournament.College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. But that doesn't mean money isn't involved.About $4 billion will be spent gambling on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will draw over $500 million in advertising revenue this year topping the post-season revenue, including that of the NBA(全国篮球协会).1. What will happen in the remaining part of the month?A. Many Americans will be sent to madhouses.B. Great excitement will spread across the US.C. About 20 million Americans will be put in prison.D. A deadly epidemic will break out in the US.2. Which statement about the epidemic is NOT true?A. It occurs every fourth year.B. It starts on March 15.C. It is known as "March Madness".D. It lasts through the beginning of April.3. Which of the following is NOT an instance of "March Madness"?A. Kids run away from school.B. Husbands kiss their wives.C. College students keep homework piling up.D. Employees can't concentrate on their work.4. It is great funA. looking at wives kissing their husbandsB. listening to students talking to their teachersC. watching farmers kicking their donkeysD. betting on the winners of each game5. The little-known George Mason University was a dark horse becauseA. it had a student body of 30,000B. its players were al black peopleC. it had never been expected to be victoriousD. its players ran as fast as black horsePassage Two Declining Interest in Developing Foreign Language SkillsAustralia's foreign language skills are declining, Voice of America has reported. New figures show that only 13 percent of high school graduates can speak a foreign language. But four decades ago, 40 percent had foreign language skills.Professor Elise Tipton, from the University of Sydney, says increasingly students do not feel the need to learn another language to boost their career. She believes that Australia's economic boom, which is driven by red-hot demand for its minerals, is helping mask serious deficiencies in its language skills.Australia does business very successfully in English with most of its trading partners. But as the world's economic power shifts to emerging regions such as Asia, its language gap could soon be exposed. According to the new figures, less than 6.5 percent of high school graduates are proficient in an Asian language. Academics worry that this means Australia will increasingly be isolated from its economically important Asian neighbors. Dilip Dutta, from the economics and business faculty at SydneyUniversity, says language skills can enhance trading opportunities. If Australians want to trade with Asian countries, it is very important for them to learn the language that will help them to get closer to the culture.But students have different opinions about Asian language learning. Pippa McCowage, a 22-year-old Australian student, says many young Australians have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages, and the language curriculum is often weak. "While we're encouraged in high school to learn another language, it's not really apparent to me as a realistic expectation that you will have to speak it," said McCowage. "For example, I learned Japanese in high school, when I went on an exchange in Year 10, I found that the Japanese students of my age had a much greater proficiency in English than I did in Japanese. So in that sense, it almost discourages you.At present, about 70 percent of Australia's major exports go to Asia and the Australian government has been keen on developing closer economic and diplomatic ties with Asia. Academics say that, as Asia becomes one of the world's economic powerhouses, Australia needs to improve its language skills if it is to take full advantage of the business opportunities on its doorstep.6. What percentage of high school graduates were proficient in foreign language forty years ago?A. 70 percentB. 13 percentC. 6.5 percentD. 40 percent7. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A. Australia is essentially a self-sufficient country.B. Australia has rich deposits of minerals.C. Australia has no intention to trade with Asian countries.D. Australian students are not required to learn a foreign language.8. What does Dilip Dutta think language skills can do?A. Improve your relation with your partner.B. Help settle international conflicts.C. Increase trading opportunities.D. Remove barriers in negotiations.9. Why has the Australian government been keenly interested in strengthening ties with Asia?A. Because Asia is where Australia's major exports go.B. Because Asia is where Australia is located.C. Because Asia is where Australians go and spend their holidays.D. Because Asia is where Australia can play a big role in international affairs.10. The word "faculty" in paragraph 3 can be replaced byA. college.B. buildingC. department.D. university.Passage Three Youth Emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 per cent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.To coax(劝诱) young people from their homes, the institutestarted a "Youth Emancipation(解放) programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 per cent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Understanding"."In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents' tolerance(宽容) is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules."A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a big fight and call the father a Fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores worsens the problem. Dioni-sio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good."His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well," Masso said.11. The "Youth Emancipation" programme aims at helping young peopleA. live in an independent wayB. fight for freedomC. fight against social injusticeD. get rid of family responsibilities12. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than inA. GreeceB. FinlandC. SpainD. Italy13. Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPTA. parent's toleranceB. housing problemsC. unwillingness to get marriedD. cultural traditions14. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dinoisio Masso?A. She has a boyfriend.B. She is 60 years old.C. She has three children.D. She lives in Madrid.15. The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best replaced byA. tired ofB. afraid ofC. worried aboutD. cautious aboutV. Translation (20 points in total)Directions: Translate into Chinese the underlined passage in the essay.It had really begun back in the Charlestown Prison, when Bimbi first made me feel envy of his stock of knowledge. Bimbi had always taken charge of any conversation he was in, and i had tried to emulate him. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese. When I just skipped those words, of course, I really ended up with little idea of what the book said. So I had come to the Norfolk Prison Colony still going through only book-reading motions. Pretty soon, I would have quit even these motions, unless I had received the motivation that I had.VI. Writing (20 points in total)Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic Reading Makes a Full Man. You should write at least 150 words.。
