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2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Parents often fall into the trap of offering other food in order to（） the child to eat. 问题1选项A.temptB.manipulateC.incenseD.escort【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
tempt “吸引，诱使”；manipulate “操作，操控”；incense “使激怒”；escort“护送，陪同”。
句意：家长们常常陷入困境，通过别的食物来吸引孩子好好吃饭。
选项A符合句意。
2.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.In the U.S., citizens tend to rely on electronic media such as TV rather than print media. TV news tends to provide numerous visuals and abbreviated textual information. (1) Although TV news stories pitch “on-the-scene reporting”, and other eye-catching images to viewers, the actual stories are generally so brief that were the reports transcribed into newspaper copy, no single story would have enough text to cover a third of a page. It is remarkable to consider how little information is conveyed between all the exciting visuals. (2) It is also remarkable to stop and think about how inadequately informed citizens may be if their primary source of political knowledge is the picture-rich and data-poor TV evening news. Moreover, because U.S. media companies are primarily privately owned, (3) media professionals are under pressure to present news in an entertaining way in order to expand their audiences and corresponding advertising revenues. Large audiences create higher profits from advertising sales. With a few exceptions, U.S. TV and radio stations are like other businesses: They need to generate money to cover operating costs and make profits. If media professionals are convinced that viewers want entertaining news rather than in-depth details, this assumption affects the kind of news they produce. Not surprisingly, political scientists have found that news coverage of election campaigns tends to focus on the personal lives of candidates rather than on issues, and (4) when issues are reported the emphasis is often on the immediate and most dramatic implications of the issues, not on the historical, long-term, or global dimensions of those issues.At the same time, insofar as television and Internet-based news must be generated quickly, time pressures impede extensive independent investigations. Because U.S. citizens conceptualize news as something occurring by the hour or minute, U.S. media professionals are often putting together news stories under severe time restraints. (5) Some analysts believe that this increases the tendency of reporters to get information from official sources rather than from the reporters’ own independent investigations of newsworthy events. Think about this issue from the standpoint of reporters and editors. If you are a reporter assigned the task of doing a story on a state’s new prison system, for example, you will find it is quicker and easier to get a governor’s press release on the new prison than it is to go to libraries, data banks, and university research centers to investigate the topic on your own. This does not suggest that investigative journalism never occurs; rather, many scholars believe that time pressures tend to encourage the use of information provided by official sources (for example, political leaders and their press secretaries) rather than the collection of facts through ongoing independent research.【答案】【参考译文】（1）虽然电视新闻故事多推崇“现场报道”或者其他吸人眼球的形象，但是实际上这些故事通常都很简短，要是把这些报道转写成报纸版面的话，它们任何一个都占不了三分之一的版面。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Green plants or other photosynthesizing organisms use light energy from the sun to manufacture carbohydrates for their own needs. Most of this chemical energy is processed in metabolism and dissipated as heat in respiration.问题1选项A.emergedB.convertedC.evolvedD.consumed【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. emerged （从隐蔽处或暗处）出现，浮现B. converted （使）转变，转换C. evolved （使）逐渐形成，逐步发展D. consumed 消耗，耗费（燃料、能量、时间等）【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】dissipated的意思为“（使）消散，消失”，指的是大部分能量在呼吸过程中散失，结合语境，consumed与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。
【句意】绿色植物或其他进行光合作用的生物利用来自太阳的光能制造碳水化合物来满足自己的需要。
大部分化学能量在新陈代谢过程中被处理，在呼吸过程中以热的形式消散。
2.单选题As we passed over the dark bridge her wan face fell lazily against my coat’s shoulder.问题1选项A.charmingB.cheerfulC.paleD.uneasy【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. charming 令人着迷的，迷人的B. cheerful 快乐的，高兴的C. pale 灰白的，苍白的D. uneasy 担心的，忧虑的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The years following the publication of Darwin’s work have seen a fabulous development of general and human paleontology.问题1选项A.distinctiveB.parallelC.marvelousD.unique【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. distinctive 独特的，特别的B. parallel 极相似的，同时发生的C. marvelous 极好的，非凡的D. unique 独特的，罕见的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】fabulous的意思为“极好的，绝妙的；很大的，巨大的”，用来形容development，指的是古生物学和人类古生物学发展得特别好，非常迅速，marvelous与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】在达尔文发表著作几年后，古生物学和人类古生物学都取得了惊人的进展。
2.填空题Those Asian Americans whose families have been living in the United States for several generations resent to be singled out and stereotyped as part of a supermajority. They feel that their achievements are only comparable to what otherABCDimmigrant groups have done in the past.【答案】B to be singled out改为being singled out【解析】【考查点】动词。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题As the intelligence of robots increases to match humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves.ABC D【答案】A humans改为that of humans【解析】【考查点】代词指代。
【解题思路】根据语境，A部分指的是机器智能和人工智能相当，the intelligence of robots和A部分意思对应，结构也应对应，用that指代the intelligence，因此A部分应为that of humans。
【句意】随着机器人的智能达到与人类相当的水平，以及它们的成本通过规模经济降低，我们可以利用它们来拓展我们的疆域，首先是在地球上，借用它们抵御对我们有害的环境的能力。
2.填空题The effort to clarify the bewildering number of interrelated observations ________ by psychoanalytic exploration led to the development of a model of the structure of the psychic system. (cover)【答案】uncovered【解析】【考查点】动词。
【解题思路】根据关键词by，可知横线所在内容为动词的过去分词，uncover的意思为“发现，揭露”，符合语境，其过去分词为uncovered。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Clinton denied the more serious allegations that he had lied under oath about the relationship and had entreated Lewinsky to do the same.问题1选项A.pleadedB.flatteredC.deceivedD.scared【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. pleaded 乞求，恳求B. flattered 奉承，讨好C. deceived 欺骗，蒙骗D. scared 惊吓，使害怕【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】entreated的意思为“恳求，乞求”，指的是克林顿恳求莱温斯基同他一起在两人的关系上撒谎，pleaded与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】克林顿否认了更严重的指控，即他在宣誓后就两人的关系撒了谎，并恳求莱温斯基也这样做。
2.填空题Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely success is so mysterious.A B CD 【答案】D success is改为is success【解析】【考查点】倒装。
【解题思路】表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，用部分倒装，句子的一般陈述句语序为success is so mysterious，此时is应该提前，因此D部分应为is success。
【句意】我们常常相信别人的成功是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的突破。
但成功很少如此神秘。
3.单选题Facing-port industry has become the basic pillar of economic strength in developed countries and promoted the formation of international production.问题1选项A.circumstanceB.motivationC.backboneD.initiative【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. circumstance 条件，环境B. motivation 动力C. backbone 支柱，骨干，基础D. initiative 主动性，积极性【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He doesn’t know much about politics,but he’s always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. He is somewhat of a/an（）.问题1选项A.dogmatistB.adventurerC.braggartD.humbler【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项dogmatist“教条主义者；独断家”；B选项adventurer“冒险家”；C选项braggart“吹牛者；好自夸者”；D选项humbler“谦虚的人”。
句意：他不了解政治，但他总脱口而出夸赞自己有多好。
他多少是个……。
C选项符合题意。
2.单选题The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics.问题1选项A.collaborationB.worthC.triumphD.defect【答案】B【解析】merit“优点，价值，功绩”。
A选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；B选项worth“价值，财产”；C选项triumph“生理，凯旋”；D选项defect“缺点，不足之处”。
B选项与merit“价值”这一意思相近，因此B选项符合题意。
3.单选题Cultural continuities with Africa were not dependent on importation and （）of specific folktales in their pristine form.问题1选项A.perpetuationB.perceptibilityC.perpetrationD.perplexity【答案】A【解析】考查形近名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The tale is based on the ______ idea of a man who remains young while his portrait on the wall grows old.问题1选项A.tentativeB.whimsicalC.querulousD.cynical【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项tentative“试验性的，暂定的，踌躇的”，B项whimsical“古怪的，异想天开的”，C项querulous“易怒的，暴躁的，爱发牢骚的”，D项cynical“愤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”。
根据后面的定语从句“挂在墙上的肖像会变老，而他却依然年轻”可知，四个选项中“异想天开的”符合。
句意：这个故事是基于一个人的异想天开的想法，他仍然年轻，而他的肖像在墙上变老。
因此，该题选择B项。
2.单选题Lodger: I’m terribly sorry that I broke your precious vase. I’ll pay for it.Landlady: ____________________问题1选项A.Can’t complain.B.Never mind.C.Relax yourself.D.Take care.【答案】B【解析】考查语义。
句意：对不起，我打碎了你珍贵的花瓶，我会赔的。
别人因损害了自己的利益或冒犯了自己而道歉时，客气的应答为never mind“没关系”，所以B符合；A项“(生活/工作)还行”，C项“放松点”，D项“保重”，都不符合对话场景。
3.单选题We rarely perceive more than a minute ______ of the sights and sounds that fall upon our sense organs; the great majority pass us by.问题1选项A.frictionB.functionC.fractionD.fiction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Patients usually describe the feeling as _______ and in some cases it can trigger depression.问题1选项A.distractingB.distortingC.distressingD.disabling【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. distracting 使人分心的B. distorting （v.）使变形，扭曲，使失真C. distressing 使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的D. disabling （v.）使丧失能力，使伤残【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】横线处形容the feeling，结合it can trigger depression，可知这种感觉让人感到极其不适，distressing符合语境，因此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。
【句意】患者通常描述这种感觉很痛苦，在某些情况下，这种感觉会引发抑郁。
2.单选题The chief drawback of the adeno-associated virus is that it is small, carrying only two genes in its natural state.问题1选项A.featureB.concernC.defectD.barrier【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. feature 特色，特征B. concern （尤指许多人共同的）担心，忧虑C. defect 缺点，缺陷，毛病（某事物或其制造方式上的错误，意味着不完美）D. barrier 屏障，障碍物【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】drawback的意思为“缺点，不利条件（使某事物失去吸引力的缺点或问题）”，这里指的是腺病毒群的缺点，defect与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Toyota said on Tuesday that it will（） its annual year-end sales event early.问题1选项A.give awayB.fix onC.kick offD.bring up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
give away “放弃，分发”；fix on “确定，固定”；kick off “开始”；bring up“提出，养育”。
句意：星期二，丰田汽车公司宣布将提前开展其一年一度的年终促销活动。
选项C符合句意。
2.单选题I looked at Mum and thought（） she was as nice as she looked maybe all our lives would have been better.问题1选项A.only ifB.if onlyC.even ifD.even though【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。
only if只有；even if = even though即使；if only “要是……就”；句意为：我注视着母亲，心想：要是她像看上去那么和蔼可亲就好了，这样我们的生活也许会变得更好。
选项B符合句意。
3.单选题Mist steals silently in, turns familiar landscapes strange, dampens sounds, ________ vision—then clears suddenly and without warning.问题1选项A.spoilsB.blowsC.tearsD.blurs【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. spoils 破坏，糟蹋B. blows 吹，刮C. tears 撕裂，撕开D. blurs 视线模糊，看不清【考查点】动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题What is good is thought to be ________ and what is evil is thought to be harmful, but defining good and evil remains a central question of ethics. (benefit)【答案】beneficial【解析】【考查点】形容词。
【解题思路】根据横线前面的be，以及表示并列结构的and，可知横线所在内容为形容词，beneficial“有益的”符合语境，指的是善被认为是有益的。
【句意】善被认为是有益的，恶被认为是有害的，但定义善恶仍然是伦理学的中心问题。
2.单选题Had spring ever been gentle, so endearing before? Had every little scene, every shop window, every face he passed ever been so wonderfully interesting?问题1选项A.attractiveB.favorableC.inspiringD.peaceful【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. attractive 吸引人的，令人愉快的B. favorable 给人好印象的（有好感）C. inspiring 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的D. peaceful 安静的，平静的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】endearing的意思为“惹人喜爱的，讨人喜欢的”，这里问春天是否曾经惹人喜爱，让人不自觉地被他吸引，attractive与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】春天曾经如此惹人喜爱吗？他走过的每一处、每一个商店橱窗、每一张面孔，都曾经是那么奇妙而有趣吗？3.单选题The many rivers of Chile are relatively short, generally rising in the Andes and flowing west to the Pacific. In the northern and central regions the rivers are fed primarily by the perpetual snow cover of the Andes.问题1选项A.everlastingB.expansiveC.outwardD.movable【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. everlasting 永久的，永恒的，经久不变的B. expansive 广阔的，辽阔的C. outward 表面的，外表的D. movable 可移动的，活动的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题Contraction of front and side parts of the brain—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirty, but it was still not evident in some sixty—and seventy-year-olds.AB CD【答案】C thirty改为thirties【解析】【考查点】固定表达。
【解题思路】in one’s thirties意思为“在某人三十多岁时”，这里指的年龄是概数。
【句意】有的人大脑前部和侧部的收缩——随着细胞的死亡——在三十多岁时就能被观察到了，但是也有些人直到六七十岁依然不明显。
2.填空题Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely success is so mysterious.A B CD【答案】D success is改为is success【解析】【考查点】倒装。
【解题思路】表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，用部分倒装，句子的一般陈述句语序为success is so mysterious，此时is应该提前，因此D部分应为is success。
【句意】我们常常相信别人的成功是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的突破。
但成功很少如此神秘。
3.单选题Some reporters and commentators indulged in discreet criticism of shortcomings in Soviet life.问题1选项A.harshB.intensiveC.cautiousD.rational【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. harsh 残酷的，严酷的B. intensive 密集的C. cautious 小心的，谨慎的D. rational 合理的，理性的，明智的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】discreet的意思为“（言行）谨慎的，考虑周到的”，用来形容criticism，指的是记者和评论员对苏联生活的批判是经过周全考虑的，是谨慎的，cautious与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】部分记者和评论员对苏联生活的缺点进行了谨慎的批判。
4.单选题The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920’s and 1930’s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters, replaced the microbe hunters.In the 1940’s and 1950’s，biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage.You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes—the blueprints for each of the enzymes—and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseases—diabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry.In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain. What to call them? The head hunters. I will return to them later.1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. How do vitamins influence health?3. Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in the last pa ragraph of the passage?4. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?问题1选项A.The microbe hunters.B.The potential of genetic engineering.C.The progress of modern medical research.D.The discovery of enzymes.问题2选项A.They are necessary for some enzymes to function.B.They protect the body from microbes.C.They keep food from spoiling.D.They are broken down by cells to produce energy.问题3选项A.Critical.B.Speculative.C.Appreciative.D.Emotional.问题4选项A.The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades.B.Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck.C.Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe hunters.D.Most diseases are caused by defective genes.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】What is the main topic of the passage? 这篇文章的主题是什么？A. The microbe hunters. A. 微生物猎人。
B. The potential of genetic engineering. B. 基因工程的潜力。
C. The progress of modern medical research.C. 现代医学研究的进展。
D. The discovery of enzymes. D. 酶的发现。
【答案】C【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】文章第一段提出为了探究一些可怕疾病的成因，二十世纪二十年代前，医学研究的焦点是微生物（dominated by the microbe hunters），到20年代和30年代，变成维生素（vitamin hunters, replaced the microbe hunters）；第二段提出，在40年代和50年代，酶成了研究重点（enzyme hunters occupied center stage）；第三段提出焦点变成了基因（gene hunters）；最后一段提出基因也会被取代（the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight）。
