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2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Those who anticipate price changes correctly can often gain financially from their foresight. 问题1选项A.forecastB.visionC.estimateD.talent【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. forecast 预测，预报B. vision 眼力，远见卓识C. estimate （对数量、成本等的）估计，估价D. talent 天资，天赋【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】foresight的意思为“深谋远虑，先见之明”，指的是有先见之明的人可以正确预测价格变化，因此就可以获得可观的经济收益，强调对事物发展的洞察力，vision与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】那些正确预测价格变化的人往往能从他们的远见中获得经济利益。
2.填空题Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. But because the two big cola companies—Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preferenceABCactually plays for brand loyalty.D【答案】D for改为in【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。
【解题思路】play a role in sth.为固定搭配，其意思为“在……中起作用”，how big a role到句尾的部分还原成一般陈述语序为taste preference actually plays a big role in brand loyalty，所以D部分应为in。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States (31) significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870’s, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had (32) immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned (33) to realism. (34) to portray life as it was, with (35) to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the “true” relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, (36) industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science.Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South, Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains, and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame (37) stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps.Samuel Clemens, who (38) the pen name Mark Twain, became the country’s most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of (39) language, touching (40) a major change in American prose style.Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship, studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of (41) and industrial life. Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience.Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, (42) portrayed a dark world in which human beings were (43) by forces (44) their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs, not (45) romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was “not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions.”问题1选项A.dedicatedB.contributedC.fabricatedD.deliberated问题2选项A.debauchedB.weakenedC.enfeebledD.prevailed问题3选项A.againstB.insteadC.overD.forward问题4选项A.DeterminedB.DetermineC.DeterminingD.To determine问题5选项A.deceptionB.fantasyC.realizationD.fidelity问题6选项A.with regard toB.in terms ofC.such asD.regardless of问题7选项A.withB.onC.byD.about问题8选项A.createdB.innovatedC.adoptedD.renewed问题9选项A.literalB.literateC.literaryD.literature问题10选项A.aboutB.offC.onD.with问题11选项A.suburbanB.urbanC.localD.modern问题12选项A.grimlyB.fervidlyC.frigidlyD.frenziedly问题13选项A.tossed aboutB.held downC.ended upD.built up问题14选项A.betweenB.withinC.beyondD.off问题15选项A.fabricateB.developC.convergeD.replenish【答案】第1题:B 第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C 第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:A第13题:A第14题:B第15题:A【解析】31.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Clinton denied the more serious allegations that he had lied under oath about the relationship and had entreated Lewinsky to do the same.问题1选项A.pleadedB.flatteredC.deceivedD.scared【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. pleaded 乞求，恳求B. flattered 奉承，讨好C. deceived 欺骗，蒙骗D. scared 惊吓，使害怕【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】entreated的意思为“恳求，乞求”，指的是克林顿恳求莱温斯基同他一起在两人的关系上撒谎，pleaded与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】克林顿否认了更严重的指控，即他在宣誓后就两人的关系撒了谎，并恳求莱温斯基也这样做。
2.单选题Long-term water availability is largely determined by the average conditions in a river basin, but it is often extreme events that cause acute water insecurity.问题1选项A.occasionalB.constantC.urgentD.serious【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. occasional 偶尔的，偶然的B. constant 连续发生的，不断的C. urgent 紧急的，紧迫的D. serious 严重的，有危险的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】acute的意思为“十分严重的”，这里指极端事件让水变得非常不安全，有严重的安全问题，serious与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Clinton denied the more serious allegations that he had lied under oath about the relationship and had entreated Lewinsky to do the same.问题1选项A.pleadedB.flatteredC.deceivedD.scared【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. pleaded 乞求，恳求B. flattered 奉承，讨好C. deceived 欺骗，蒙骗D. scared 惊吓，使害怕【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】entreated的意思为“恳求，乞求”，指的是克林顿恳求莱温斯基同他一起在两人的关系上撒谎，pleaded与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】克林顿否认了更严重的指控，即他在宣誓后就两人的关系撒了谎，并恳求莱温斯基也这样做。
2.填空题Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely success is so mysterious.A B CD 【答案】D success is改为is success【解析】【考查点】倒装。
【解题思路】表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，用部分倒装，句子的一般陈述句语序为success is so mysterious，此时is应该提前，因此D部分应为is success。
【句意】我们常常相信别人的成功是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的突破。
但成功很少如此神秘。
3.单选题Facing-port industry has become the basic pillar of economic strength in developed countries and promoted the formation of international production.问题1选项A.circumstanceB.motivationC.backboneD.initiative【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. circumstance 条件，环境B. motivation 动力C. backbone 支柱，骨干，基础D. initiative 主动性，积极性【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As more and more African Americans moved away from segregated housing, they had less connection to the vernacular and more occasion to speak standard American English.问题1选项A.restrictedB.isolatedC.outdatedD.exhausted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. restricted 限制，限定（数量、范围等）B. isolated （使）隔离，孤立C. outdated （新东西）使过时D. exhausted 使筋疲力尽【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】segregated的意思为“隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）”，这里指的是这些房屋和其他地方是隔离开的，非裔美国人就住在这片区域，isolated与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】随着越来越多的非裔美国人搬离被隔开的住房，他们与当地方言的联系越来越少，在更多场合中说标准的美式英语。
2.填空题A community which collective interests the terrorist organization claims to serve may be terrorized so that their cooperation, loyalty, and support are ensured. Groups that come to power by this means usually continue to rule by terror.ABC D【答案】A which改为whose【解析】【考查点】定语从句。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Had spring ever been gentle, so endearing before? Had every little scene, every shop window, every face he passed ever been so wonderfully interesting?问题1选项A.attractiveB.favorableC.inspiringD.peaceful【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. attractive 吸引人的，令人愉快的B. favorable 给人好印象的（有好感）C. inspiring 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的D. peaceful 安静的，平静的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】endearing的意思为“惹人喜爱的，讨人喜欢的”，这里问春天是否曾经惹人喜爱，让人不自觉地被他吸引，attractive与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】春天曾经如此惹人喜爱吗？他走过的每一处、每一个商店橱窗、每一张面孔，都曾经是那么奇妙而有趣吗？2.单选题At Buffalo Creek, West Virginia, a makeshift dam at a coal mine site collapsed with a loss of more than 100 lives.问题1选项A.fragileB.massiveC.crudeD.temporary【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. fragile 易碎的，易损的B. massive 巨大的，大而重的C. crude 粗略的，简略的D. temporary 暂时的，临时的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】makeshift的意思为“临时替代的，权宜的”，用来形容dam，指的是煤矿工地的临时大坝，temporary与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The physical devastation caused by the Civil War, the freeing of the slaves, and the chaos of the Reconstruction era had ruinous effects on Mississippi’s economy.问题1选项A.impactB.disorderC.offenceD.folly【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. impact 巨大影响，强大作用B. disorder 杂乱，混乱C. offence 犯罪，罪行D. folly 愚笨，愚蠢的想法（或事情、行为）【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】chaos的意思为“混乱，杂乱”，指的是重建时期的混乱，disorder与之词义相近，因此B 选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】南北战争造成的物质破坏，奴隶解放和重建时期的混乱给密西西比的经济带来了毁灭性的影响。
2.单选题Is it surprising that a wave of sadness swept over me as I looked for the last time at the Flaming Cliffs, gorgeous in the morning sunshine of that brilliant August day?问题1选项A.splendidB.riskyC.restlessD.gloomy【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. splendid 壮丽的，雄伟的B. risky 有危险（或风险）的C. restless 坐立不安的，不耐烦的D. gloomy 黑暗的，阴暗的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, “High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.” He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.My topic is not standards nor its decline. What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generations of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today’s young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not commit offenses against the language.1. The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that ________.2. In the author’s opinion, the speaker ________.3. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.4. The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is ________.问题1选项A.the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that of the older generationB.the students had a poor command of English because they didn’t work hard enoughC.the was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen yearsD.English teachers should be held responsible for the students’ poor command of English问题2选项A.gave a correct judgment of the English level of the studentsB.had exaggerated the language problems of the studentsC.was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobsD.could think and speak intelligently问题3选项A.it is justifiable to include English as a school subjectB.the author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 levelC.English language teaching is by no means an easy jobnguage improvement needs time and effort问题4选项A.neutralB.positiveC.criticalpromising【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that ________. 作者在文中提到的演讲者认为________。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We must yield to the ______ evidence which you have presented and free your client.问题1选项A.incontrovertibleB.inconsequentialC.incorrigibleD.inexorable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项incontrovertible表示“无可争议的，无疑的”，B项inconsequential 表示“不重要的，不合理的”，C项incorrigible表示“不可救药的，积习难改的”，D项inexorable 表示“无情的，不屈不挠的”。
根据关键信息free your client（释放你的委托人）可知，______ evidence 应该表示“无可争议的证据”。
句意：我们必须根据你提供的无可争议的证据释放你的委托人。
因此，该题选择A项正确。
2.单选题Verbal art has the ability to shape out a compelling inner version in some skillfully crated public verbal form.问题1选项A.joyfulB.intricatepetingD.forceful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
题干compelling“不可抗拒的；令人信服的”。
A项“高兴的；快乐的”，B 项“错综复杂的”，C项“相互冲突的；相互矛盾的”，D项“强有力的；有说服力的”。
因此只有D项符合。
句意：言语艺术有能力以一种技巧娴熟的公开言语形式塑造出引人入胜的内部版本。
3.单选题Making the public library her second home, Justine is more than a casual bookworm; she is a (an) _____ young lady.问题1选项A.eruditeB.acumenC.perspicaciousD.prudent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Violence in teenage relationships is much more prevalent than previously thought, with those from disadvantaged backgrounds twice as likely to be abused by violent partners.问题1选项A.criticalB.widespreadC.fierceD.brutal【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. critical 批评的，批判性的B. widespread 普遍的，广泛的C. fierce 凶猛的，凶狠的D. brutal 残暴的，兽性的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】prevalent的意思为“普遍存在的，盛行的”，这里用来形容violence，指的是暴力行为比想象中普遍，widespread与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】青少年关系中的暴力比之前想象的要普遍得多，那些来自弱势背景的人被同伴暴力相对的可能性是其他人的两倍。
2.单选题In her long, but ultimately triumphant career, she has been forced to smuggle birth control supplies under her clothing.问题1选项A.forcefulB.insightfulC.successfulD.influential【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. forceful 强有力的，坚强的B. insightful 有深刻了解的，富有洞察力的C. successful 获得成功的，有成就的D. influential 有很大影响的，有支配力的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it.There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of them I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach each its due weigh. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of techniques. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed in enormously lowering the infant death-rate in the world. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race. Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.【答案】【参考译文】大多数人会认同，虽然我们现在的时代在知识方面超过了以前的任何一个时代，但在智慧方面并没有相应的增长。
但是，一旦我们试图给智慧下定义并想办法提升智慧，达成一致的意见就不复存在。
有几个因素有助于增长智慧。
其中，我首先要讲的是一种比例感，即在一个问题中考虑到所有重要因素，并给予每个因素应有的份量的能力。
这比过去更加困难，因为各种技术需要更加广泛和复杂的专业知识。
例如，假设你正在参与医学科学的研究，这工作很可能需要你全身心投入，你没有时间考虑你的发现或发明在医学领域之外可能产生的影响。
你大幅度地降低了世界上婴儿的死亡率，这也造成了完全意想不到的结果：世界上人口最多的地区粮食供应不足，生活水平降低。
再举一个更生动的例子，你研究原子的组成是出于对知识的渴望，无关利害，却无意中让势力强大、又丧心病狂的人掌握了毁灭人类的方法。
因此，随着知识和技能的每一次增长，智慧就变得越发必要，因为知识和技能的每一次增长都会提高我们实现目标的能力。
因此，如果我们动机不纯，也会提高我们作恶的能力。
2.填空题Animal behavior was studied as a discipline on its own, and human behavior was studied similarly in relatively isolation. However, behavioral traits in animals and in humans may under certain circumstances have profound effects onABCbreeding patterns and mate selection.D【答案】B relatively改为relative【解析】【考查点】定语。
【解题思路】在B部分中，isolation“孤立状态”是名词，应该用形容词作为定语修饰名词，所以此处应为relative“相比较而言的”。
【句意】动物行为是作为一门独立的学科来研究的，人类行为也是在相对孤立的环境中研究的。
然而，在某些情况下，动物和人类的行为特征可能会对繁殖模式和配偶选择产生深远的影响。
3.填空题The situation comedy (or sitcom) depends on audience ________ with recurring characters and conditions to explore life in the home, workplace, or some other common location. (familiar)【答案】familiarity【解析】【考查点】名词。
【解题思路】根据动词短语depends on，可知audience ________为名词短语，familiarity的意思为“熟悉”，符合语境，指的是观众对情景喜剧的反应需要看他们对情景喜剧中的角色和环境有多熟悉。
【句意】情景喜剧要看观众对反复出现的角色和用来探索家庭、工作场所及其他常见场所的生活环境有多熟悉。
4.填空题Asian American children of high school age generally outscore other students on the ScholasticAAptitude Test. They make up a disproportionate large segment of student bodies in the most prominentBC Dcolleges and universities.【答案】C disproportionate改为disproportionately【解析】【考查点】副词。
【解题思路】large为形容词，应该用副词修饰，所以用disproportionately正确。
【句意】亚裔美国高中生在学业能力倾向测试中的得分普遍高于其他学生。
在最著名的学院和大学里，他们在学生群体中所占比例相当大。
5.填空题There are signs that specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit—and all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’sABCDplace is in the home. 【答案】C and all the blame改为nor all the blame【解析】【考查点】句间逻辑。
【解题思路】前面说到意识到男性的作用，可知后面表达的意思是不要把女性的作用放得那么大，也就是不要把功过都归结于女性，not receive all the credit对应的应该是nor all the blame。
【句意】有迹象表明，家庭专家越来越意识到男性所起的作用，他们认为不应该把所有的功劳都归于女性，也不应该把所有的过错都归女性。
我们几乎放弃了“女性应该呆在家里”的说法。
6.单选题Those who anticipate price changes correctly can often gain financially from their foresight. 问题1选项A.forecastB.visionC.estimateD.talent【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. forecast 预测，预报B. vision 眼力，远见卓识C. estimate （对数量、成本等的）估计，估价D. talent 天资，天赋【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】foresight的意思为“深谋远虑，先见之明”，指的是有先见之明的人可以正确预测价格变化，因此就可以获得可观的经济收益，强调对事物发展的洞察力，vision与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】那些正确预测价格变化的人往往能从他们的远见中获得经济利益。
7.单选题Experts said that many ailments associated with a loss of normal tissue may be treatable inthis manner.问题1选项A.symptomsB.faultsC.risksD.disorders【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. symptoms 症状B. faults 责任，过错C. risks 危险，风险D. disorders 不适，疾病【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。
