下载文档原格式
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2. with+宾语+副词。
比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4. with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6. with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
1.with+宾语+形容词。
比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2.with+宾语+副词。
比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3.with+宾语+过去分词。
比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4.with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5.with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6.with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如：With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
高中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解时间：2011-10-16 10:57 来源：天天高中学习网点击: 241次2012寒假提高成绩50-150分秘诀：高一视频，高二视频，高三视频寒假名师辅导推荐视频年级课程高一课程推荐高一“寒假点睛班”！高一“寒假单科补弱班”高二课程推荐高二“寒假点睛班”！高二“寒假单科补弱班”高三课程推荐高三“寒假双重提高班”！高考二轮寒假提高班！初中课程推荐初一“寒假双重提高班”！初二“寒假双重提高班”初三“寒假中考双重强化班”更多初中高中辅导课程推荐,点击进入>>不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂，不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚，现将一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下。
with结构也称为with复合结构，首先要与介词with的用法区别开来。
先让我们全面了解介词with的用法。
一、介词with的用法with prep.其主要词义包括“有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于......” 等21种词义。
1. the company of; accompanying:和，陪伴：在…陪伴下；随同：2.Did you go with her?你跟她一起去吗?Next to; alongside of:在…旁边，同…在一起：stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起，与家人坐在一块儿3.Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:带着，带来：作为所有物、属性或特点具有：arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.带来坏消息；留络腮胡子的男人4.In a manner characterized by:以…方式：performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.很有技巧地表演；热情地说话5.In the performance, use, or operation of:使用：在…的表现、使用或运行中：had trouble with the car.汽车出了毛病6.In the charge or keeping of:负责，照料：left the cat with the neighbors.把猫托邻居照顾7.In the opinion or estimation of:以…的观点或估计：if it's all right with you.如果你没异议的话8.In support of; on the side of:支持，赞同：I'm with anyone who wants to help the homeless.我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人7.Of the same opinion or belief as:和…一致：与…有相同观点或信仰：He is with us on that issue.在那个议题上他和我们观点一致8.By the means or agency of:用：通过…的方式或媒介：eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.用叉子吃饭；以他的笑话引我们发笑9. In spite of:尽管：With all her experience, she could not get a job.尽管很有经验，她还是找不到工作10. In the same direction as:与…同向：sail with the wind; flow with the river.顺风起帆；顺河而流11. At the same time as:与…同时：gets up with the birds.与鸟儿同时起床12. In regard to:关于，对于：We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the situations.她这样决定，我们很高兴；他们对现状很厌恶13. Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:和…：用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方：played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.与狗玩；和班上的同学谈一谈；与姑母住在一起14. In comparison or contrast to:与…相比；与…对照：a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式15. Having received:收到，获得：With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.获得她允许后，他离开了。
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构，它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。
但是，它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。
一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导，并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语，后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。
例如：- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系，即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。
它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。
例如：- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词，它们之间没有任何连接词。
例如：- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系，但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。
通常情况下，独立主格放在句子的开头，用逗号与主句分开。
例如：- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。
前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词，后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。
2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系，但是它们在用法上有一些不同。
I．独立主格结构We already have 2.4 million people…, 412,000 of them locked away in a prison cell. (Lesson 3, Para. 1)（一）定义独立主格结构是由一个独立的主格名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语（作为逻辑谓语）构成。
其作用相当于状语，多用来表示原因、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表示时间和条件。
这种结构多用在书面语中。
（二）特点1．独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2．名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。
3．独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
（三）几种常见的独立主格结构形式1. 名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。
如：The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. 名词（或代词）＋形容词。
如：The weather hot, we all went swimming.3. 名词（或代词）＋不定式。
如：Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went.4. 名词（或代词）＋介词短语。
如：He climbed in, sword in hand.5. 名词（或代词）＋副词。
如：The meeting over, we left the room.II. With引导的复合结构With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost … (Lesson 3, Para. 9)（一）with复合结构的模式with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（二）with复合结构与独立主格结构它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.如：With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.但须注意的是：with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.= Soon she arrived at a park where grass was green and flowers were in blossom.。
with的复合结构，是由with+复合宾语组成.常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等.其构成有下列几种情形：1。
with+名词（或代词)+现在分词此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)With prices going up so fast，we can't afford luxuries。
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。
（原因状语）2）With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。
（伴随情况)2.with+名词(或代词）+过去分词此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如：1）I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling。
我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
（伴随情况）2）She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
（原因状语)3。
with+名词(或代词)+形容词1)I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉.(伴随情况)2)With the weather so close and stuffy，ten to one it'll rain presently.大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。
（原因状语）4.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语1)With the children at school，we can't take our vacation when we want to。
由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。
（原因状语）2)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿.（行为方式）5.with+名词（或代词)+副词1)He fell asleep with the light on.他睡着了，灯还亮着。
高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。
错误！未找到引用源。
）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play.×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。
上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。
独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。
破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。
练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。
1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.He arrived at home. His face was red.3.My homework was finished. I went out to play footballwith my friends.4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weather permitting, we are going to visit youtomorrow.②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）The test finished, we began our holiday.③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit.⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red with cold.⑥名词(代词) +介词短语He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving.（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving.(前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。
.1. with+ 宾语 +形容词。
比如： . The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his barechest.那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don ’ttalk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2.with+ 宾语 + 副词。
比如： She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away.你不在，多没劲儿呀！ 3.with+ 宾语 + 过去分词。
比如： He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed.他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent.她低着头坐着。
4.with+ 宾语 + 现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes.冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5.with+ 宾语 + 介词短语。
比如： He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son inher arms.那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6.with+ 宾语 + 动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film.下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误!未定义书签。
错误!未找到引用源。
）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play. ×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。
上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。
独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。
破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。
练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。
1. His wife was ill. He had to stay athome.2.He arrived at home. His face was red.3.My homework was finished. I went outto play football with my friends.4.I rode a bike along the street. My dogwas following me.5.I had to stay at home. A lot ofhomework had to be done.6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stayat home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）②Weather permitting, we are going tovisit you③tomorrow.④名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）⑤The test finished, we began ourholiday.⑥名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）⑦He suggested going for a picnic, Maryto provide the food.⑧名词(代词)+副词⑨The game over, the crowd rushed to theexit.⑩名词(代词)+形容词⑪ A hunter came in, his face red with cold.⑫名词(代词) +介词短语⑬He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.⑭名词(代词) +名词⑮The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.②（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）③②The traffic light green, the bus got moving.④ (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。
但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。
The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt.背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。
在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。
但with 的复合结构不受限制。
Arobber burst into the room, knife in hand.A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand.1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.2. A. settled B. settling3. C. to settle D. being settled4.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the post office.5. A. buying B. to buy6. C. bought D. to be bought7.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine.8. A. was cut off B. being cut off9. C. cut off D. having cut off10.Everything ______ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.11. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking12.______ more and more forests damaged, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.13. A. As B. For C. WithD. By14.【2010山东】The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.15. A. laid B. laying C. to layD. being laid16.Many students ______ around, I explained the story into details.17. A. stood B. standing18. C. to stand D. were standing19.【2012辽宁】The old couple often takea walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them.20. A. to follow B. followingC. followedD. follows21.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted the words ______ in his heart for years.22. A. filling; having been hidden B. filled; hidden23. C. filling; hidden D. filled; hiding24.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.25. A. leading; finding; leading B. to lead; found; to lead26. C. led; finding; led D. leading; found; led27.______, he had to stay at home q5 looking after her.28. A. Being ill B. His wife was ill29. C. His wife being ill D. Because he was ill30.______, John returned to school from his hometown.31. A. The summer vacation being over32. B. The summer vacation is over33. C. Because the summer vacation over34. D. After the summer vacation being over35.The old sick goat lay on the ground, its eyes ______ and its legs ______.36. A. closed; trembled B. closing; trembling37. C. closed; trembling D. closing;trembled.38.【2012全国新课标】The party will be held in the garden, weather ______.39. A. permitting B. to permitC. permittedD. permit40.We left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point in staying.41. A. were B. being C. to beD. having42.All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.43. A. were canceled B. having been canceled44. C. had been canceled D. have been canceled考点3.独立主格结构与定语从句由关系词引导的定语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。
45.He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ translated into a foreign language.46. A. them B. which C . it D. what47.You can use a large plastic bottle, ______ cut off, as a pot to grow young plants in.48. A. the top is B. the top of which49. C. whose top D. with its top50.【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond our control.51. A. most of them B. most of which52. C. most of what D. most of that53.The English mayors, most of ______ girls, seldom win in the sports competitions.54. A. them B. whom C. theyD. the55.To find out, Frisch built special hives, ______ only one honey-comb.56. A. each with B. each has57. C. each is with D. each of which having考点4.独立主格结构与状语从句状语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语。
