with的复合结构和独立主格结构

With 的复合结构With 的复合结构是指：with + 宾语（名词或代词）+ 宾补（介词短语，形容词，副词现在分词，过去分词，不定式）,是一个独立主格结构，在句中做状语，可表原因，伴随等。

有下列几种情况：1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。

例如:1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。

（原因状语）2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。

（伴随情况）2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。

例如:1)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。

（伴随情况）2)She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。

（原因状语）3.with+名词(或代词)+形容词例如:1)I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。

（伴随情况）2)With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。

（原因状语）4.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语例如:1)With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to.由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。

高中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解时间：2011-10-16 10:57 来源：天天高中学习网点击: 241次2012寒假提高成绩50-150分秘诀：高一视频，高二视频，高三视频寒假名师辅导推荐视频年级课程高一课程推荐高一“寒假点睛班”！高一“寒假单科补弱班”高二课程推荐高二“寒假点睛班”！高二“寒假单科补弱班”高三课程推荐高三“寒假双重提高班”！高考二轮寒假提高班！初中课程推荐初一“寒假双重提高班”！初二“寒假双重提高班”初三“寒假中考双重强化班”更多初中高中辅导课程推荐,点击进入>>不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂，不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚，现将一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下。

with结构也称为with复合结构，首先要与介词with的用法区别开来。

先让我们全面了解介词with的用法。

一、介词with的用法with prep.其主要词义包括“有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于......” 等21种词义。

1. the company of; accompanying:和，陪伴：在…陪伴下；随同：2.Did you go with her?你跟她一起去吗?Next to; alongside of:在…旁边，同…在一起：stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起，与家人坐在一块儿3.Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:带着，带来：作为所有物、属性或特点具有：arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.带来坏消息；留络腮胡子的男人4.In a manner characterized by:以…方式：performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.很有技巧地表演；热情地说话5.In the performance, use, or operation of:使用：在…的表现、使用或运行中：had trouble with the car.汽车出了毛病6.In the charge or keeping of:负责，照料：left the cat with the neighbors.把猫托邻居照顾7.In the opinion or estimation of:以…的观点或估计：if it's all right with you.如果你没异议的话8.In support of; on the side of:支持，赞同：I'm with anyone who wants to help the homeless.我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人7.Of the same opinion or belief as:和…一致：与…有相同观点或信仰：He is with us on that issue.在那个议题上他和我们观点一致8.By the means or agency of:用：通过…的方式或媒介：eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.用叉子吃饭；以他的笑话引我们发笑9. In spite of:尽管：With all her experience, she could not get a job.尽管很有经验，她还是找不到工作10. In the same direction as:与…同向：sail with the wind; flow with the river.顺风起帆；顺河而流11. At the same time as:与…同时：gets up with the birds.与鸟儿同时起床12. In regard to:关于，对于：We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the situations.她这样决定，我们很高兴；他们对现状很厌恶13. Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:和…：用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方：played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.与狗玩；和班上的同学谈一谈；与姑母住在一起14. In comparison or contrast to:与…相比；与…对照：a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式15. Having received:收到，获得：With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.获得她允许后，他离开了。

独立主格结构用法归纳The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home.Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tom orrow.An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given t omorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were c rossed under his head).A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold).We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

英语独立主格结构常见类型独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词The question settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。

We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。

The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。

高二英语独立主格结构with的复合结构试题答案及解析1.With the day’s work ________, the men left office and headed for the bar for a drink. A．finishing B．tofinishC．finished D．beingfinished【答案】C【解析】考查with的复合结构。

句意：随着工作的结束，这个人离开办公室，去酒吧喝酒。

“with + n / pron +v-ed. ”这一结构在句子中作原因状语，其中过去分词表示被动或完成了的动作，故选C项。

考点 : 考查with的复合结构2. The students left the room _______all the lights on.A．with B．and C．but D．when【答案】A【解析】考查with的复合结构。

with的复合结构“with+名词(lights)+副词(on)”作状语。

句意：学生们在灯光通明的情形下离开了教室。

故A正确。

【考点】考查with的复合结构3. Homework ________, I turned on the computer and tried to do some online shopping. A．finishing B．finished C．to finish D．finishes【答案】B【解析】句意：作业完成了，我打开电脑想在网上购物。

这里两句话之间没有连词，说明前面的不是句子，而是独立主格结构做状语，由“逻辑主语+非谓语”构成，因为Homework和finish是被动和完成的关系，用过去分词，选B。

【考点】考查独立主格结构4.“Mum !” she cried suddenly , tears down her cheeks .A．rolling B．rolled C．to roll D．being rolled【答案】A【解析】句意：“妈妈“她突然哭起来了，泪水从面颊流下来了。

‎法通霸3：独立主格结构和wit h的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结‎构 ‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎ 的 ‎ 错误的（参 P. 错误！未定义书签。

错误！未找到引 源。

）。

His homew‎ork was finis‎hed, he went out to play.×时 ‎ 的‎‎‎成 ‎ 。

‎为：His homew‎ork finis‎hed, he went out to play.‎ 成‎ 独立主格‎结构。

独立主格结‎构 ‎‎复杂内容。

的‎方法：含 be的be去 （主系 结构原因的 be也 为g）； 含be的 和主主 关系的 为现 ； 关系的为去 ； 将来 的 为 定式。

习：合并下列 画线 改为独立主格结构。

1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.e d at home. His face was red.3.h edd s.4.t. w ing me.5.I had to stay at home.o rk had to be done.6.y. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名 (代 )+现 （与 构成主 关系）e r , we are to youtomor‎row.②名 (代 )+ 去 （与 构成 关系）our hol a y.③名 (代 )+ 定式（ 将来）He sugge‎sted d e the food.④名 (代 )+副The game over, the crowd‎rushe‎d to the exit.⑤名 (代 )+形容r came in, his face red with cold.⑥名 (代 ) +介 短He came out of the r y, a book un his arm.⑦名 (代 ) +名.考点2.with的‎复合结构与‎独立主格结‎构的 和‎联系下 ‎ ：①g.（ ‎wit‎h的复合结‎构）②, the bus got g.(‎ 独立主‎格结构)时 独立主格结‎构和wit‎h的复合结‎构 法 ‎ 的 通 ‎、去with‎。

高三英语with的复合结构分析详解（三）with的复合结构(with复合结构可构成独立主格结构，通常做伴随状语，原因状语，方式状语等)①with+宾语+不定式(表示即将发生的动作；主动表示被动)e.g.由于还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。

With a lot of work to do, he wasn’t allowed to go out.②with+宾语+现在分词(表示主动的或正在进行的动作)e.g.现在，由于两个孩子在上中学，父母们不得不努力工作。

At present, with two children attending Middle School, parents have to work hard.③with+宾语+过去分词(表示被动或已完成的动作)e.g.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。

With bicycle stolen, she had to walk home.④with+宾语+形容词/副词/名词/介词短语(表示状态或方式)e.g.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。

I like to sleep with the window open.4.She realized that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.【分析】本句谓语动词有3个，分别是realized, was, exists, 连词有2个，分别是that和that, that one of the greatest…between people是that引导的宾语从句，做realized的宾语，to remove the distance 是不定式短语做后置定语，修饰its ability，构成the ability to do sth.的结构，意为做某事的能力,此外，该从句还包含了that引导的定语从句(that usually exists between people)，修饰先行词the distance,指物(人/物),that 在从句中做主语。

“with复合结构”与“独立主格结构”是学习英语时，经常接触的句型，也是高考考查的热点之一。

一、with复合结构1. with复合结构的构成“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或代词，宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等。

1）with + 宾语+ 现在分词（宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系，时间上表示进行）The young woman, with a baby sleeping in her arms, was wandering in the street.2）with + 宾语+ 过去分词（宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑动宾关系，时间上表示完成）All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.3）with + 宾语+ to do （宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系，时间上表示将来）With so many essays to write, he won’t have time to go shopping this morning.4）with + 宾语+ 介词短语BBC English broadcasts programmes for China with explanations in Chinese.5）with + 宾语+ 形容词/ 副词With the door open, the noise of the machine is almost deafening.The little boy sat in front of the house, with his shoes off.2. with复合结构的作用1）作状语。

with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。

With the meeting over, all the representatives left the meeting-room. （表时间）Jack was tired and soon fell asleep with the light still burning. （表伴随）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees. （表方式）2）作定语。

With复合结构的用法with复合结构即“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语或with + 复合宾语”。

宾语补足语（简称：宾补）可以是动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等。

With 复合结构在句中常充当状语，有时也充当定语或补足语。

一、with复合结构的类型with复合结构常有以下六种形式：1、with + 宾语 + 不定式（短语）【不定式表将来，主动表被动】With a lot of difficult problems so settle, the newly-elect president is having a hard time.With you to help us, we’ll surely succeed.I cannot go out with all these dishes to wash.With all the work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.With five minutes to go before the last train, we arrived at the station.2、with + 宾语 + 现在分词（短语）【正在发生】I felt quite happy with the birds singing in the woods.With the old man leading, the soldiers started towards the mountain.Thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.With all the family traveling in America, the house seems very empty.In some parts of Asia, it’s not polite to sit with your foot pointing at another person.With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.3、with + 宾语 + 过去分词（短语）【过去分词与它前面的名词或代词有被动关系】All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.He wept in his room with his heart broken.He enjoys listening to music with his eyes closed.With the job finished, we went to the seaside for a holiday.You must give me a true account, with nothing added and nothing removed.4、with + 宾语 + 形容词【形容词表状态、特征】He stared at me with his mouth open.She sat in the corner, with her face dull.He cannot go on a holiday with his mother ill.He often sleeps with the windows open even in winter.In summer we often sleep with the windows open.With everything ready, we started to work.5、with + 宾语 + 副词Our city looks more beautiful with all the lights on.He went out with no hat on.He put on his socks, (with me) wrong side out.With Mary away, John felt miserable.6、with + 宾语 + 介词短语He stood with his hand in his pocket.He was asleep with his head on his arms.The teacher stood here with a book in her hand.The teacher walked into the classroom with a ruler under his arm.The guard rushed out with a gun in his hand.二、with复合结构的用法with复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句中主要用作状语，有时也用作定语、宾语补足语或主语补足语。

独⽴主格与with的复合结构独⽴主格与with的复合结构独⽴主格构成：名词（代词）+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语构成。

　独⽴主格结构的特点：1）独⽴主格结构的逻辑主语与句⼦的主语不同，它独⽴存在。

2）名词或代词与后⾯的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独⽴主格结构⼀般有逗号与主句分开。

例如：Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.=If the weather permits,we are going tovisit you tomorrow.天⽓允许，我们明天去看你。

The boy leading us,we got there easily.在⼩孩的带领下，我们很容易地到了那⾥。

The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Work done, we went home. ⼯作完成后，我们才回家。

Nothing to do, he lay down to sleep.This train left, the next to come an hour later.这趟车⾛了，下⼀趟要以⼩时后到来。

He came into the room, his face red with cold. 他回到了房⼦⾥，⽿朵冻得红通通的。

高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。

错误！未找到引用源。

）。

His homework was finished, he went out to play.×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。

上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。

独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。

破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。

练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。

1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.He arrived at home. His face was red.3.My homework was finished. I went out to play footballwith my friends.4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weather permitting, we are going to visit youtomorrow.②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）The test finished, we began our holiday.③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit.⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red with cold.⑥名词(代词) +介词短语He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving.（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving.(前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。

高一英语独立主格结构with的复合结构试题答案及解析1.— How about the suggestion Prof. Smith put forward at the meeting last Friday?— The committee discussed it for hours without a decision _______.A．taking B．to take C．being taken D．taken【答案】C【解析】句意：上个星期五史密斯教授在会议上提出的建议怎么样？委员会讨论了几个小时，但并没有做出决定。

without doing sth. 没有做某事。

Decision和take之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态，故选C。

【考点】考查被动语态和without的用法。

2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work______, he gladly accepted it. A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finishing【答案】A【解析】句意John接到一张宴会的邀请，他的工作已经完成，他高兴地接受了。

这里含有with复合结构，动作finish与his work之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，选A。

【考点】考查with复合结构,X,K]3. With all the things he needed _______, he went home happily.A．bought B．buying C．to be bought D．to buy【答案】A【解析】句意：因为他需要的所有东西都买了，他高兴的回家了。

这里用with+宾语+宾语补足语，宾语是all the things，he needed是定语从句修饰things，things和buy是被动关系，而且因为是买好了，所以用过去分词bought表示动词的完成和被动，选A。

高二英语独立主格结构with的复合结构试题答案及解析1. The students left the room _______all the lights on.A．with B．and C．but D．when【答案】A【解析】考查with的复合结构。

with的复合结构“with+名词(lights)+副词(on)”作状语。

句意：学生们在灯光通明的情形下离开了教室。

故A正确。

【考点】考查with的复合结构2. There was a line of cafes and small shops, .A．and all brightly lit B．all brightly litC．all were brightly lit D．all brightly light【答案】B【解析】句意：那里有一排咖啡店和小商店，都亮着灯。

这里含有独立主格结构，代词+过去分词，选B。

【考点】考查独立主格3. , the sun was rising in the east.A．Arriving there B．We arriving there C．Having arrivedthereD．We arrived【答案】B【解析】考查独立主格结构。

非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般与主句主语一致，当不一致时，非谓语要带上自己的主语，这叫独立主格结构。

the sun不是arrive的逻辑主语，因此，arrive要加上自己的主语。

句意：当我们到达那里时，太阳正在从东方升起。

故选B。

【考点】考查独立主格结构4. In winter, it is dangerous to go to school with snow ______the ground.A．cover B．to cover C．covering D．covered【答案】C【解析】考查with的复合结构。

with +n+ doing/done/to do,选择动词的形式要看名词和动词之间的关系。