(10页Word版)高考英语分类汇编24：阅读理解(十三)

阅读理解题型分类练(十)词句猜测题——词义猜测类A[2021·临沂市高三一模] I had moved to Japan for a long­term client consultingengagement. After a few days in a Tokyo hotel I moved to an apartment. After being moved in by my colleagues, it was time to get dinner. I found a pizza deliver flyer in my mailbox and decided to simply order a pizza as I might have the previous week in Manhattan. The phone call to Cali Pizza was easier than anticipated and while waiting for the pizza I set about unpacking.Unfortunately, after 45 minutes no pizza. I figured that my “easy” call really wasn't and that I would need to make alternate plans for dinner. While thinking about what to do next, my phone rang. It was Cali Pizza calling to say that they could not find my apartment based on the address that I had given them. Once it was determined that I had provided an incorrect address, the clerk on the phone asked me to describe what I could see from my window. After some back and forth they seemed satisfied that they knew where I was.A few minutes later the pizza arrived. This is when my “customer delight” experience took__over. First, the delivery person apologized repeatedly for being late, then he showed me the small blue metal plate on my building with the correct address, and finally he refused to accept payment for the pizza because he was late. Net result: one delighted customer(me) , and frequent orders from Cali Pizza during my two­year stay in Japan.Such “customer delight” experiences become stories I have used to illustrate what it means to truly delight a customer.1．What did the writer do first after he moved in the apartment?A．Deliver flyers.B．Place an order.C．Call his colleagues.D．Set about unpacking.2．Why was the delivery delayed?A．The number on the flyer was inaccurate.B．The clerk was unfamiliar with the address.C．The writer provided an inaccurate address.D．The pizza was sent to a wrong address.3．Which of the following best explains “took over” underlined in Paragraph 3?A．Disappeared. B．Dominated.C．Promoted. D．Decreased.4．What can we learn from the story?A．It's never easy to settle down in a new city.B．A delayed delivery may result in good profit.C．One can't be too careful when placing an order.D．A short­term loss of benefit may reward a lot.B[2021·潍坊市一模] A new study, published this week in the journal Frontiers inVeterinary Science, reveals that non­human animals' tears are not so different from our own. The chemical similarities are so great, in fact, that the composition of other species' tears—and how they're adapted to their environments—may provide insights into better treatments for human eye disease.Previously, scientists had studied closely only the tears of a handful of mammals, including humans, dogs, horses, camels, and monkeys. In the new study, Brazilian veterinarians analyzed the tears of reptiles and birds for the first time, focusing on seven species.Tears, which are released from tear tubes, form a film over the eye that's composed of three ingredients: mucus, water, and oil. The mucus coats the eye's surface and helps to attach the film to the eye, the water is a natural salty solution containing crucial proteins and minerals, and the oil prevents the eye from drying out.Humans are the only known species to produce emotional tears; the expression “crocodile tears”，which refers to a person's phony display of emotion, comes from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to release tears as they eat.But tears play key roles beyond weeping, notes Lionel Sebbag at Iowa State University, who was not involved in the new research. They help with vision by lubricating(润滑) and clearing the eye. They also protect the eye against infection and provide nutrition to the cornea (角膜) , the eye's clear outer layer, which lacks blood tubes, he says.Learning how reptiles and birds use tears may also inspire new medications for conditions such as dry eye, which occurs when tear tubes don't produce enough oil. The disease, common in cats, dogs, and people, can sometimes lead to blindness.5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A．The source of tears.B．The composition of tears.C．The classification of tears.D．The definition of tears.6．What does the underlined word “phony” in Paragraph 4 mean ?A．Tricky. B．Regretful.C．Cold. D．False.7．Which statement does Lionel Sebbag agree with?A．Weeping contributes to eye disease.B．The cornea has rich blood tubes.C．Tears oil and clear the eyes.D．More tears mean better vision.8．What might be the best title for the text?A．Tears, a barrier to eyesB．A better treatment for eye diseaseC．Non­human tears promise new curesD．Other species' tears are similar to humans'C[2021·湖北高三十一校第二次联考] If you were to throw, say, a banana peel out of yourcar while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it's part of a fruit—right? Actually, no. A banana peel can take up to two years to be naturallyprocessed, and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that's a whole lot of discarded banana peels. An orange peel and a cigarette butt have a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a banana peel, but tin cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, so do glass bottles.Despite the fact that longer­lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can't merely measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short length of biodegrading time, more than 120 tons of cigarette­related litter is discarded in the UK every day.It's not a cheap habit either: to keep our streets clean annually costs UK taxpayers ￡500 million, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to ￡1 billion. So, it's not surprising that if caught fly­tipping you could face a ￡20，000 fine or even jail time and, if you dispose of something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve. Regardless of how severe these punishments might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2，000 were found guilty out of 825，000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people obey the rules.9．What does the underlined word “ discarded” in Para. 1 mean?A．Harmless. B．Processed.C．Thrown. D．Long­lasting.10．Which of the following has the longest biodegrading term?A．Glass bottles. B．Tin cans.C．Cigarette butts. D．Banana peels.11．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The severity of rubbish can be measured only by its lifetime.B．Quite a few people were found guilty of illegally littering.C．Every year UK taxpayers spend ￡500 million keeping streets free of dirt.D．Cigarette­related litter and peels can be ignored for their fairly short lifetime.12．What is the purpose of the passage?A．To inform readers of different biodegrading terms.B．To call for people not to litter illegally.C．To encourage people to use fewer plastic bags.D．To stress the importance of good behavior.。

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)一、考纲解读阅读理解核心是“理解”。

“理解”既包括能准确把握所读材料的表层(字面意思)内容，还要理解内在含义；又包括能概括文章的主旨大意，能对语篇、文段的内部结构进行逻辑分析，推断出段落大意、文章主旨、作者的观点意图及文中未表达的事实、结论。

阅读理解材料内容真实新潮，选材贴近生活，贴近时代，渗透文化意识，强调实际应用。

大致涉及人物趣事、中外交流、社会文化、语言习惯、历史事件、日常生活、新闻广告、科普知识等等。

在体裁上，记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文各占一定的比例。

新课标对英语阅读的要求：（1）理解主旨要义。

（2）理解文中具体信息。

（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义。

（4）做出简单判断和推理。

（5）理解文章的基本结构。

（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

二、解题策略解答阅读理解题的总体策略应定位于：单句入手，语篇突破，着眼整体，归纳推断。

具体的做法是：第一、准确理解关键句子、关键词语的意义。

善于解读难句、猜测生词的词义和语义，注意跨文化语言障碍，避免因粗心大意或理解不准确造成曲解或误解。

第二、抓住语句表达的实质。

即不仅能看懂词、句的表面意思，而且能够扑捉到文字背后的引申意义以及作者的态度和倾向，即潜在的深层含义。

第三、要耐心细致地读完全部选项，应按照“误否？虚否？偏否？”的三级思考程序来分析鉴别每一个选项，即先看与文中内容是否相矛盾，再看在文中有没有信息支撑点，最后看能不能完全符合题目的要求，找出差异，然后根据问题的特点和题型确定选项。

不要急于求成，使选出的答案似是而非。

第四、要仔细审题。

学生由于把主要精力都放在选择正确答案上，因此一旦找到了叙述与短文事实相符的选项，就盲目地选它为答案，忽视了题目到底问什么，从而使所选答案答非所问。

第五、要以语篇事实为依据，理解通篇的逻辑关系，把握住语篇的结构与文脉，在事实的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推理，避免盲目的或无根据的主观臆断。

（英语）高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解The annual World Economic Forum (经济论坛) took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan 23 -26, 2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) speak in the forum? Are there some quotable quotes for you?Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group“I think globalization cannot be stopped --- no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve the war not cause the war,”said Ma in Davos, “G oogle, Facebook, Amazon and Alibaba we are the luckiest companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something good.”Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD“Business is not only a way to ma ke money but also a way to contribute yourself, to help people,” Liu said in a speech in Davos.”How can we face the fractured (分化的) world? That's the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,” he said.Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I e ntered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.” Sun told in Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC. A refers to AI, B is big data, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these t hree will be very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use 'cloud', and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.（1）What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?A. More huge jumps in profits.B. The joined efforts of mankind.C. Reducing production costs.D. The role of science in business.（2）What is the main business of Ctrip?A. Tourism.B. The creation of AI.C. Computer.D. Financial service online.（3）What does Hu think will promote global economic development?A. Economy recovery.B. The World Economic Forum.C. Cloud computing.D. Financial efficiency.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国企业家在达沃斯论坛上发表的一些观点。

2016高考英语阅读理解集训〔十三〕【高效增分】第一局部阅读理解〔共两节，总分为40分〕第一节〔共15小题，每一小题2分，总分为30分〕阅读如下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C、D〕中，选出最优选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Test 1AWould you like to join an all-women’ s expedition to Annapurna? You must be an experienced high altitude climber, strong, enthusiastic and a hard worker! If you think this is for YOU, please contact: Arlene Blum, Berkeley, California, USA.Many women wrote to them from all over the world, but they could only choose ten. When the final team was chosen, the youngest was twenty years old, the oldest was fifty.For Arlene, finding the climbers was only the first step. The team needed another important thing: money. There were long talks at Vera Watson’ s house, when they discussed how to make the 80,000 dollars they would need for the expedition. With the help of enthusiastic friends, they organized dances, sports, and parties. They even sold expedition T- shirts. After many months, and a lot of hard work, they finally had the money they needed.Now at last they were in Kathmandu, the city where their great adventure would begin. Arlene looked round at the women in the airport. They looked tired after the long journey from Francisco, but happy to be in Nepal at last. There had been so many friends and families at the airport to say goodbye. It had been difficult to leave the people they loved. Irene had looked so sad when she said goodbye to her daughters. Arlene had found it very difficult to leave her boyfriend, John. For all of them there was the chance that they would never see their families or friends again.All climbing in the Himalayas is dangerous. One in ten of the people who go there do not come back. Annapurna was very dangerous because of its avalanches. Arlene knew the avalanches very well. On the expedition film she said…21. Which of the following is not a must for the interviewees?A. An experienced climber.B. A strong-minded woman.C. A woman in good figure.D. An enthusiastic woman.22. The ways they made the necessary 80,000 dollars are mentioned EXCEPT ______ .A. organizing ballsB. organizing sports meetingsC. organizing birthday partiesD. selling expedition T-shirts23. Kathmandu is located in ______ .A. California.B. America.C. San Francisco.D. Nepal.24. What would Arlene say in the following paragraph?A. The sense of achievement when she climbed on the top of the mountains.B. The dangers that she had experienced during the climbing.C. Warning the readers not to climb the mountains.D. Some advice on how to climb the mountains safely.BYou put a great deal of effort into reaching the college of your choice. It’ s time to get started. But what’ s next? Beginning college can be an exciting but awkward time. Follow these tips to adjust to your new life rapidly and make the most of your college experience.● To save time and money, use the college’ s bus system. Taking the bus to school is quick, easy and free in most college towns. You won’ t have to locate or afford a place to park either. It’ s also a good way to be environmentally aware.● Save pennies on books by waiting until class starts. You might not even need all of the recommended books. New textbooks cost an arm and a leg. Try buying used textbooks —it’ s a surefire way to save money and serves the purpose as well.● Do never look at college life as an endless series of parties and social activities. But there is a whole lot more to college if you’re serious about graduating. Having a good college experience is all about balancing work and fun.● Be mindful of your diet. Make healt hy food choices and watch what you eat. Avoid foods that are processed or high in sugar. The “freshman 15〞is real. Many college students gain at least 15 pounds during their freshmen year.● While electives〔选修课〕can be helpful when figuring out your major, you shouldn’t entirely rely on them. Clubs and other organizations exist around. Get involved. Make sure, though, that you still have time to study. Having too much on your plate can hurt your grades.25. Which of the following ideas can be financially wise?A. Driving your own car.B. Renting an apartment.C. Buying used books.D. Attending activities.26. The “freshman 15〞tells the fact that some freshmen ______.A. take relaxed attitudes to their dietsB. have little regular physical exerciseC. focus less on their academic workD. attend limited activities on campus27. The underlined phrase“ having too much on your plate〞 probably refers to ______.A. using too much money for mealsB. taking part in too many after-class activitiesC. eating too many unhealthy foodsD. taking an elective that has too many studentsCPEOPLE may use the expression “birdbrain〞 in English to talk about someone who is stupid, but crows prove that this is unfair. Now it has been discovered that crows may understand analogies 〔类推法〕 .To test this ability in animals, scientists do “relational matching-to-sample (RMTS)〞tests. If a pair was AA, for example, then picking BB to match it would be correct.An international team led by Edward Wasserman in the US first trained two crows to match things by color, shape, and number in what is called“ identity matching-to-sample (IMTS)〞 , then moved onto RMTS.For the IMTS test, the birds were put in a cage with a plastic tray that had three cards and two cups in it. The card in the middle was the sample card. The cups on either side were covered with the other two cards. One was the same as the sample, while the other wasn’ t. The cup with the card that matched the sample card contained two worms to eat.In the second part of the experiment, the birds were tested with relational matching pairs.A card with two same- sized circles, for example, meant they should pick the test card with two same-sized squares and not two different-sized circles.The birds did well in the more difficult test and picked the correct card more than three quarters of the time.Wasserman was surprised that crows were able to solve the problem without any training in RMTS. He said in a news release: “Honestly, if it was only by force that the crows showed th is learning, then it would have been an impressive result. But this was spontaneous.〞So perhaps it’ s time to stop saying 〞 birdbrain〞 permanently.28. Why does the author mention the expression “birdbrain〞 in the opening paragraph?A. To get the reader interested in the origins of the expression.B. To urge people to stop saying that birds are stupid.C. To introduce the topic of Edward Wasserman and his experiment.D. To introduce recent findings about crow’ s intelligence.29. Which of the following is TURE about the tests on the crows?A. The birds did better in RMTS than in IMTS.B. The birds were first made to do RMTS, then IMTS.C. The birds picked almost all the correct cards in RMTSD. In the IMTS test, the birds needed to identify the sample card to get rewards.30. The underlined word“spontaneous〞is closest in meaning ______.A. naturalB. creativeC. typicalD. brilliant31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Crows show cleverness.B. Crows may understand analogies.C. Crows did well in RMTS.D. Apes and monkeys are cleverer than crows.DOn July 1 at exactly 7:59:59, Bejing time, the world’ s atomic clocks will pause for a single second, or, more precisely, change to the unusual time of 7:59:60. The addition of a leap second 〔闰秒〕, is to keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earth’ s rotation 〔旋转〕 and astronomical time as measured by the sun.Just one extra second could affect the way computers and websites work, however. When the last leap second was added back in 2012, the community website Reddit crashed. For Reddit, the problem was that a Linux system got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second.Speaking to Wired about the problem back in 2012, Linux creator Linus Torvalds commented:“Almost every time we have a leap second, we find something. It’ s really annoying, because it’ s code that is almost never used, and thus not tested by users under their normal conditions. 〞Companies have thought of their own solutions, an d Google’ s“leap smear〞may be the best- known example. As company engineer Christopher Pascoe explains in a blog post, companies usually try to turn back the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again. However, Pascoe be lieves this creates problems. He asked:“Does e�mail that comes induring that second get stored correctly?〞Google has a solution: Cut the extra second into milliseconds and then put these tiny amounts of time into the system throughout the day.“This means that when it became time to add an extra second at midnight.〞Says Pascoe.“Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.〞For many companies without Google’ s money, however, the leap second will likely still cause some crashes.32. Why do we need to add a leap second?A. To change the world’ s atomic clocks.B. To keep atomic clocks in time with the world’ s computers.C. To keep atomic clocks in time with the slowing of Earth’ s rotation.D. To record the changes to astronomical time.33. What happened to the website Reddit when the leap second was added in 2012?A. It crashed because of a virus attack.B. Its network time added two extra seconds.C. All of the code in its Linux system went wrong.D. One of its software systems got confused and the site broke down.34. How do companies usually deal with the problem of the extra second?A. By shutting down computers at the end of the day.B. By stopping receiving emails during that second.C. By turning the clocks back by one second at the end of the day.D. By cutting the extra second into milliseconds and putting them into the system throughoutthe day.35. What’ s Pascoe’ s attitude toward Google’ s solution to the problem?A. Ambiguous.B. Approving.C. Doubtful.D. Cautious.Test 2ADear Miss Manners，Friends of mine lost their home in a house fire. It was terrible. Another friend set up a "go fund me" type page for friends to donate and help the couple. Many friends, including me, helped with money, meals, lamprey and their dog while they were getting back on their feet．Last week, they sent thank-you notes. My roommate received one addressed to her and I did not. The notes were not in modularized. It was a printed one-size-fits-all message．My roommaterealized I didn't receive a thank you note, so she sent a private message to the couple just letting them know I had been left out．I didn't know she had done this until later．The next day, I got a text message apologizing and saying that I had been left out because their friend who addressed the notes must have missed me! 〔Miss Manners, they didn't even address the notes themselves!〕It was accompanied by a picture of the thank-you note, which was texted to me with the message, "Here is a thank you just for you. "I was a little annoyed. I helped them in their need and didn't get a second thought. I have not responded to her text message. Is it fair of me to consider this friendship over? Should I tell her that I am upset, or should I accept that this rude thank you was better than nothing?Yours ever,Mary 1．For what purpose did Mary write the letter?A．To start a public donation for the unlucky couple．B．To teach us how to see the true colors of friendship．C．To tell us to learn a lesson from her story.D．To ask for advice on how to deal with her annoyance．2．From the letter we can infer that ．A．the couple lost their car in the fire so they had to go everywhere on foot．B．so far Mary hasn't received a thank-you-note addressed to her．C．Mary's roommate sent the couple a message to blame their carelessness．D．the couple left Mary out by accident when they wrote the thank you notes．3．What does Mary think of the couple she helped?A．careless B．considerate C . unreliable． D. believable4．The letter is most likely taken from .A．a newspaper B．a brochure C．a note D．a reportBPets are an important part of many families, and a new Red Cross Pet First Aid App puts life-saving information right in the hands of dog and cat owners so they can provide emergency care until veterinary assistance is available. The 99-cent Pet First Aid App gives iPhone and Android smart phone users instant access to expert information so they learn how to maintain their pet’s health and what to do during emergencies.“It’s a pretty slick App,〞said Red Cross spokesman Brian Shawn. “For a pet person like me, it has everything you need to know to take care of your pet.〞The App shows smart phone users how to identify early warning signs that a pet is sick and needs a veterinarian. It also brings up the location of the closest animal hospital, which can be invaluable for pet owners taking advantage of the pet-friendly travel trend that’s hot in the hospitality industry. And it can even walk you through basic first-aid for Fluffy, to help him survive long enough to get him to the vet in an emergency situation.“The Pet Fist Aid App provides step by step instructions, videos and images for more than 25 common first aid and emergency situations including how to treat wounds, control bleeding, and care for breathing and heart attack emergencies.〞 said Red Cross Dakotas Region CEO Judy Green.For those pet owners who learn better with a hands-on demonstration, the Dakotas Red Cross offers pet first aid classes about twice a year, which will teach you how to perform CPR on your pet and how to check its vital signs.History shows that people have not left during disasters because they did not want to leave their pets behind. The Red Cross App contains resources to help owners include pets in their emergency action plans. Pet owners may also take a Red Cross Pet Fist Aid course so they can practice the skills and receive feedback.5. If you wish to use the new App, ______.A. you can download it from a website for freeB. you should use iPhone or Android smart phoneC. you can provide our pet’s information in detailD. you should pay a lot of money for it in advance6. With the help of the new App, ______.A. the smart phone will inform the nearest vet when your pet is sickB. your sick pet can get treated without a vetC. the user can be trained to become a good vetD. the nearest animal hospital is marked7. According to Judy Green, we can know that ______ .A. the new App is easy for usersB. it is necessary to attend the first aid classesC. few people know how to attend a pet properlyD. you should take pictures of yourpet when it is ill8. We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.A. the pet owners should contact the Red CrossB. the pets can tell their owners danger is comingC. pets and owners have developed a good relationshipD. keeping pets is always causing trouble to the ownersCThe Gold Coast Wax Museum is one of the Gold Coast’s longest running attractions. It’s a collection of famous figures. It’s Australia’s largest museum of its kind, featuring more than 110 life-size copies of wax figures of British and Australian History．The Wax Museum is visited by many thousands of the people each year who are amazed at the amazing realism of the life-size figures in real costumes. This is your invitation to wander through at your leisure and meet many important and famous people’s figures on Queensland’s Gold Coast．Come face to face with such famous people as Michael Jackson, President Barack Obama，Past President John F. Kennedy, King Hussein’s Royal Family members, and many others whose lives have all left an unforgettable mark on our world. Information cards are located alongside each figure, helping visitors know them well．The old CoastWax Museum contains figures which have been crafted by leading local and overseas sculptors to international standards’ equal in quality to the world’s best, as seen in Europe, the United Kingdom, and USA. The detail in the figures is amazing and includes hair applied one strand(线)at a time, requiring many working hours for one hand and the eyes so real that they seem to follow the viewer around．PriceChild (1～3 yrs): freeChild (3-~12 yrs): $22.00Adult: $29.00Open hoursOpen 7 days a week, 10 am to 10 pmClosed Christmas Day (25 Dec.) and Anzac Day (25 Apr.)LocationFerny Ave, Surfers Paradise (Gold Coast) QLDHow to get thereYou can choose any of the Gold Coast airport transfers, car rentals, shuttles and private transfers to／from your hotel．Notice to visitors●All carried items including food and drinks will be inspected upon entry．●Coats, umbrellas, etc. should be left in the checkroom (max size 40×40×50 cm and max weight8 kg).●The checkroom is to the left of the Main entrance (￡1.50 per item)．●When maximum checkrooms capacity is reached the Museum cannot accept any more items．●Bring your sense of adventure and your camera with you and see something exciting and quiteunique．For further information, please click here to see more about gold coast wax-museum／contact Us Page．9. According to the passage, visitors can______ .A. visit the Gold Coast Wax Museum anytimeB. enjoy some world-class vivid wax works in the GoldCoastWax MuseumC. see many members of the Royal Family in person in the GoldCoastWax MuseumD. meet many leading local and international sculptors in the GoldCoastWax Museum10. If a couple and their 10-year-old son want to visit the GoldCoastWax Museum, they maypay_______.A. $58B. $68C. $80D. $8711. When people come to visit this exhibition, they________.A. should have all their carried items checked at the entranceB. can leave their carried items in the checkrooms free of chargeC. can take all their carried items with them without inspectionD. should leave all their carried items in the checkrooms upon entryDWhen an ice cube melts, it creates a puddle (水坑). When an ice sheet (冰盖)melts, it raises sea levels. It sounds simple, but scientists have debated for decades whether both the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets actually were shrinking, and how much that melting contributed to rising sea levels.Now, a new study has provided the best evidence of how the polar ice sheets are respondingto our warming world. In the study, An international team of scientists looked at 20 years of' data in the ice sheets collected by 10 satellite missions. The team's conclusion: The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets both are losing ice overall. The researchers also found that between 1992 and 2011, meltwater from those shrinking ice sheets caused sea levels to rise by about 11 millimeters.Over the 19 years studied, the Greenland ice sheet lost 2.7 trillion metric tons of ice. The Antarctic ice sheet also shrank by about l.3 trillion metric tons. Previously, some scientists disagreed whether the Antarctic sheet, the largest mass of ice in the world, was shrinking or growing or neither.While the Earth is warming overall, the effect of climate change varies from region to region. Over the last 15 years, for example, scientists have something disagreed over how climate change has affected the polar ice sheets. Many studies found that the sheets lost a lot of ice and that not enough snow fell on the sheets to compensate for the loss. But other studies found that the loss of ice was balanced by the gain in snowfall.Richard Alley, a glacier scientist at PennStateUniversity, said that many of those studies looked at different areas, and over different time periods. In addition, the studies didn't all use the satellite data in the same way. Those differences made it difficult to compare the results. The data in the new study matched time periods and areas. The study also combined measurements from kinds of satellites.12. Why does the author use a common-sense phenomenon as the beginning?A. To present the reason for ice sheet melting.B. To show us the result of a scientific experiment.C. To give a simple example to introduce the topic.D. To present a common daily finding obvious to the readers.13. The researchers reached their conclusion by_____.A. analyzing the findings of former studiesB. referring to the data from satellitesC. observing the Antarctic and GreenlandD. making measurements in the Antarctic and Greenland14. What does the underlined phrase "compensate for" in paragraph 4 refer to?A．Cut down. B．Lead to． C．Bring about. D．Make up for.15. Which of the following might be the best conclusion for the passage?A. Ice sheets are shrinking due to global warming.B. People are suffering from climate change.C. Rising sea levels makes people live in danger.D. Shrinking ice has nothing to do with sea levels.Test 3AOn August 16, 1977, Elvis Presley saved me.The previous afternoon, I played with my six-year-old peers in Heather Peters’ backyard. I was enjoying my cake, when Heather asked me where my sleeping bag was. Only then did I know this party was a sleepover. The word “sleep-over〞 to a six-year-old bed-wetter is like what “cancer〞means to an adult. But what if I told them I was a bed-wetter? At least with cancer, people gather at your bedside instead of running from it.I thought of a way to escape. I would explain that I needed my mother's permission to spend the nights. But as I called my Mom, Heather stood beside me to listen. She granted permission!Then I would be sleeping in the same living room as the other girls. I didn't bring my own pajamas (睡衣)，so Mrs. Peters offered me Heather's pajamas.As the other girls drifted into their sweet dreams, I tried to stay awake. “Do I need to go again? I'll stay up to go one more time〞Of course , I finally fell asleep.The next morning , I was the first to wake up. I was warm! I lay in panic for what seemed like hours before the other girls started to wake up. I did the only thing I could do —I pretended that the bed-wetting didn't happen. I got up, took off Heather's pajamas and changed into my clothes like the other girls.Mrs. Peters walked into the room, and before she could say anything, she stepped right onto the pile of my wet pajamas. My heart stopped as I watched her face burn red. “WHO DID THIS?〞She screamed, with a look so frightening. Should I answer? And that was when it happened—Mr. Peters came in and grabbed his wife , “Elvis Presley died!〞The news of the King's death overtook Mrs. Peters, and I ,was spared. I got home without the other girls knowing what had happened.21. The author had to spend the night at Peters' because ________.A. she enjoyed her cake thereB. the famous singer Elvis Presley died that nightC. her mother allowed her to do soD. It was a routine of the party22. Mrs. Peters got angry because ________.A. she found the wet pajamasB. Elvis Presley passed awayC. her husband was rude to herD. all the girls slept at her house23. From the story, we know Mrs. Peters was ________.A. a bad-tempered womanB. a fan of Elvis PresleyC. a woman for perfectionD. a woman who hated to wash pajamas24. The passage is mainly about ________.A. an embarrassing childhood incidentB. a fan-purchasing experienceC. the shocking death of a famous singerD. an unfriendly hostessBBEIJING—China's education authority will tighten the widely criticized policy of “extracredits〞 for the national college entrance examination to ensure a fairer chance for all exam-takers.Under the policy, high school students who win awards in national Olympic competitionscould get “extra credits’, up to 20 points for the national college entrance exam. Students with talentin sports and students who are from ethnic groups can also benefit from this policy. The extra creditshave increased these students' chances of being admitted by famous universities. Some parents werefound to have helped their children fabricate(伪造)award experiences or falsify qualifications to getextra credits.“It has harmed education equality，〞 the ministry said.Xiong Bingqi, vice-chief of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, said the policy isdesigned to help students who have special talents but may be weak in academic performance tohave a chance to receive higher education. It will still be needed but it is time to make the rulesfairer," he said.The ministry said it will reduce the range of competitions whose winners can get extra credits,and limit the winners, privileges.The new policy will apply to students who begin high school in 2011, it said.Chen Lei, a mother of a 10-year-old girl, said she welcomed the ministry's policy adjustmentas she does not want her daughter to become an Olympic competition geek.But not all the Chinese parents welcomed the new policy. “It is like a thunderbolt for me. My 13-year-old son has spent so much time studying Olympic math, and participated in so manytechnological competitions during vacations. It is useless now,〞said Dong Wen, a 43-year-oldmother.A student said, “Many students have changed the current study plan, and they can abandon thecompetition. I will be interested in learning the courses which can improve my abilities.〞Yuan Guiren, minister of education, told China Daily that the reform is an attempt to consider the overall quality of an applicant. “But the country will not stop the national college entrance examination as it is still the most objective way to evaluate talent in China,〞 he said.25. It can be inferred from the passage that_____.A. high school students with talent in sports are weak in academic performanceB. students who win awards in Olympic competitions can't get extra credits in 2011C. the number of competitions whose winners can be awarded extra credits will be smallerD. he extra credits have reduced students' chances of being admitted by famous colleges26. What does the underlined word “geek〞probably mean?A. a winnerB. a smart learnerC. a competitorD. a dull student27. Which person in the passage was strongly against the new policy?A. Xiong BingqiB. Chen LeiC. Dong WenD. Yuan Guiren28. What might be the best title for the text?A. “Extra credits〞 policy in China to be adjustedB. Promotion of national Olympic competitionsC. Advice on the national college entrance examD. Chinese government to push education reformCNew York----Michelle Obama made a daring decision to return to the same designer who created her Inaugural (就职〕Ball dress four years ago -- and the risk paid off.The First Lady looked extremely attractive in a thin, sweeping, and ruby-colored dress by designer Jason Wu. She teamed the dramatic dress with heels by Jimmy Choo and a diamond ring by Kimberly McDonald.She surprised the fashion establishment by returning to a Wu design which had been the custom made for her.Four years ago at her first Inauguration Ball, Michelle shimmered〔熠熠生辉〕in an off-white, one-shouldered floor-length dress by the designer.Wu, who was 26 at the time and had only been working in fashion for three years, saw his career take off after the First Lady's surprise decision to wear one of his dresses.。

【英语】高考英语试卷英语阅读理解题分类汇编及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Ten minutes of gentle exercise can immediately change how certain parts of the brain communicate and coordinate (协调) with one another and improve memory function, according to an encouraging new study.The scientists invited 36 people of different ages to the lab and had them sit quietly on a fixed bicycle for 10 minutes or, on a separate visit, pedal the bicycle at a pace so gentle that it barely raised their heart rates. It also was short, lasting for only 10 minutes. Immediately after each session of the sitting or slow pedaling, the people completed a computerized memory test during which they would see a brief picture of, for instance, a tree, followed by a variety of other images and then a new image of either the same tree or a similar one. The people would press buttons to show whether they thought each image was new or the same as an earlier shot. The test is difficult, since many of the images closely resemble one another. It requires rapid, skillful scanning recent memories to decide whether a picture is new or known. Next, the scientists had each people repeat this process--riding or sitting on the bike for 10 minutes and then completing memory testing--but the testing now took place inside an M. R. I. machine(磁共振成像仪)that scanned the people's brains while they responded to the images.Then the researchers compared results. The effects of the exercise were clear. The people were better at remembering images after they had ridden the bike, especially when the images most closely resembled one another. In other words, the harder their memories had to do their best, the better they performed after the exercise. The M. R. I. scans showed that memory parts of each people's brain lit up at the same time with parts of the brain associated with learning, indicating that these physically separate parts of the brain were better connected now than when the people had not first exercised.（1）How did the researchers conduct the study?A. By filling up questionnaires.B. By interviewing many people.C. By comparing experiment data.D. By referring to historical reports.（2）Who might benefit most from the study result?A. The marketers promoting fixed bicycles.B. The young people crazy about body building.C. The white collars doing long-term mental work.D. The blue-collars doing heavy physical labor work.（3）Which of the following statements agrees with the study result?A. The light exercise is only good for young people.B. The more the exercise is, the better the brain works.C. The exercise can coordinate different parts of the body.D. The exercise has more positive effect when the brain works harder.（4）What can be the best title for the text?A. Even ten minutes' exercise may be good for the brainB. There is no need for humans doing exercise every dayC. Only ten minutes' light exercise benefits the young mostD. Exercise can change people's brains and minds in a long time【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。

（英语）高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解You can either travel or read, but either your body or soul must be on the way. The popularsaying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Traveling just like reading, is arefreshing journey from the busy world. Books, brain food, can keep you company on your travel.On the Road, 1957, by Jack KerouacThe book is a globally popular spiritual guide book about youth. The main character in thebook drives across the US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico. Afterthe exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life.The book can be a good partner with you to explore the United States.Life is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan KunderaJean-Jacques Rousseau once said, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." The booktells a young artist's romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams, and has a relationship. Experience the artist's passionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe.The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life.The Stories of Sahara, 1967, by SanmaoThe book narrates the author's simple but adventurous life in the Sahara Desert, which seems adesolate and dull place. The fancy natural scenery and life there, along with the author'sromantic and intensive emotion, will inspire you to explore the mysterious land. Reading thebook is like participating in a dialogue with the author, who is sincere and humorous.Lotus, 2006 by AnnbabyThis novel set in Tibet, tells three people's stories, each with their unique characteristics. Itreveals modern people's emotions and inner life, their confusion about love, and exploration ofBuddhism. The book is a good partner to bring you to the sacred land Tibet.（1）Which book is about the exploration of life value through a journey?A. On the Road.B. Life is Elsewhere.C. The Stories of Sahara.D. Lotus.（2）Whose book could be the most suitable for your trip to Germany?A. Jack Kerouac's.B. Sanmao's.C. Annbaby's.D. Milan Kundera's.（3）What can we learn from the text?A. Lotus is a religious book exploring Tibetan Buddhist culture.B. On the road advises a classic route for driving across the US.C. The stories of Sahara records its authors' own life in the desert.D. Life is Elsewhere demonstrates Jean-Jacques Rousseau's own life.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，推荐了几本适合在旅行途中阅读的书。

高考真题变式题分类汇编专题03 阅读理解C篇真题变式题（全国甲卷）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

【2023年高考真题】I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his owninterpretation.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.1．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?A．Foucault.B．Eric Weiner.C．Jostein Gaarder.D．A college teacher.2．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?A．To compare Weiner with them.B．To give examples of great works.C．To praise their writing skills.D．To help readers understand Weiner’s book.3．What does the author like about The Socrates Express?A．Its views on history are well-presented.B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.C．It includes comments from readers.D．It leaves an open ending.4．What does the author think of Weiner’s book?A．Objective and plain.B．Daring and ambitious.C．Serious and hard to follow.D．Humorous and straightforward.【高考真题变式题1】About a decade ago, Lawson was at a beach in Virginia watching his kids build castles right next to the waves.“I kept trying to get them to come back because I thought it was a terrible idea,” he remarked. He wanted them to build their sandcastles closer to the dunes. But they found it more exciting to build right where the waves hit, seeing their sandcastles get destroyed, and then rebuilding them with whatever debris (残骸) washed up from theocean. “It seemed so symbolic, somehow, of how life works more than just building your perfect sandcastles,” said Lawson. When he decided to turn that sunny day into a children’s book, the idea came to just use pictures. “It seemed like it would work beautifully without words,” he said.A Day for Sandcastles is illustrated by Qin Leng. It’s the second wordless picture book for Lawson and Leng since 2021’s Over the Shop. Leng’s illustrations stay pretty true to real life. Three siblings spend the day building sandcastles and watching them get destroyed by a flying hat. “To me it’s a celebration of childhood and the simple joys of life. These are the things I like to capture,” said Leng.Leng spent part of her childhood in France, and she was inspired by European comic books “What I love to do when I illustrate a picture book is add side stories to the main storyline. I always think about the readers and the longevity of the book, and I want them to be able to discover something new every time they revisit the book,” Leng explained.At the end of the day, the sleepy-eyed kids pile into the bus that will take them home. “Those last pages are some of my favorite. They capture that feeling like at the end of the day on the beach, when it’s getting dark and you feel completely exhausted,” Lawson said. It must be a universal childhood feeling: happy with sand, sticky from the salt, hot from the sun, and ready to fall asleep the moment you get into the car.5．Why does Lawson mention the scene where the kids built sandcastles?A．To suggest a way to enjoy leisure.B．To tell us the inspiration for his book.C．To convince us of how life works.D．To remind readers of the childhood.6．What do you know about the two books mentioned?A．The stories are literally works of fantasy.B．They are purchased by kids universally.C．They carry no elements of comic books.D．Readers can only find pictures in them.7．How does Lawson feel when telling us the last pages in the last paragraph?A．Pleased.B．Indifferent.C．Disturbed.D．Exhausted.8．What can be a suitable title for the passage?A．Childhood in sandcastles B．Beautiful childhood memoriesC．Popular illustrated books D．Explore the mystery of nature【高考真题变式题2】A new picture book called When Dinosaurs Conquered the Skies: The Incredible Story of Bird Evolution explains the scientific idea that birds are dinosaurs. The writer Jingmai O’Connor describes herself on Instagram as a “dead bird fan”. With her PhD, she works at the Chicago Field Museum as an expert on the evolution of birds and flying dinosaurs.O’Connor says people may know that birds are little dinosaurs. But they might not connect that fact to the birds they see. One purpose of her book, she said, is to achieve it. O’Connor also wants people to see birds as she does — as fascinating flying dinosaurs.In her book, O’Connor also talks about the larger idea of science — namely the importance of making mistakes. Each mistake, she said, leads us closer to the truth.“Science is essentially a series of mistakes. And every mistake, you know, informs us a little bit more and gives us a little bit more information. But pretty much everything that we think is ‘truth’ right now is probably at least partly wrong. You know, there is so much we don’t know. But mistakes are part of the process.”O’Connor is a Chinese-Irish American who grew up in Pasadena, California. She did not always want to study the remains of ancient living things. She began studying geology, like her mother. “But in my case, my mother went back to school to do her PhD when I was around 10 years old. And so, she had four kids…So, she would take us with her to not only the laboratory, but also into the field, which means going out to collect samples. So, I fell in love with geology.”However, O’Connor had a larger goal in mind when she wrote her book. She said, “Through having greater respect for the living animals around us, I hope that people start to think more about how they impact the environment through their actions, so that we can all move towards a more sustainable future.”9．Which is one of the goals of O’Connor’s book according to Paragraph 2?A．To make connections.B．To write a review.C．To give instructions.D．To make a profit.10．What does O’Connor think of mistakes?A．Unavoidable.B．Meaningless.C．Invaluable.D．Uncontrollable.11．What can be learned from Paragraph 4 about the author?A．She had complex social relationships.B．She wanted to be a geology teacher.C．Her mother was her geology teacher.D．Her mother had early effects on her.12．What does O’Connor expect of her readers?A．Being mindful of what they will say.B．Creating a more sustainable lifestyle.C．Organizing more outdoor activities.D．Trying to make use of the findings.【高考真题变式题3】I have always loved the Arthurian legend (传奇), as there is something quite special about King Arthur, and of course Merlin, my favourite character from the stories.Death of an Empire is the second volume in MK Hume’s “Merlin” series which details Merlin’s life from birth. Merlin travels across the Roman Empire in search of his father, a voyage of discovery to understand just who he was. Eventually Merlin gets involved in the fight against the Hun’s invasion (入侵) of Europe at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plain.Serving under the General Flavius Aetius, Merlin builds a reputation by saving the lives of thousands of soldiers. When he finally reaches Rome, he saves many more. But a far deadlier conflict between Emperor Valentinian and Senator Petronius Maximus is around the corner and Merlin must use all his strength to carry out his work.If I had to choose just one word to describe this novel, there would be no other choice than “immersive (身临其境的)”. There has clearly been a serious amount of research carried out by the author. Combined with the descriptive prose and imaginative story, the book really does attract you from almost the very start. The story really does feel like you are a part of it as Merlin travels across the Roman Empire.The author does a great job of mixing the rich history with established Arthurian legend. The battle scene is handled very effectively. The author employs a very effective form to show the main fight and this not only adds a degree of tension and a good level of excitement but almost makes you feel like you are right there hearing about what happened.Death of an Empire is a very fine novel, a wonderfully rich tale and a rewarding story.13．Why does Merlin travel across the Roman Empire?A．To visit King Arthur.B．To enjoy a nice view.C．To get a well-paid job.D．To find out his origin.14．What can we learn about the novel?A．It is a mixture of history and legend.B．It features difficult language.C．It speaks highly of an emperor.D．It is a masterpiece of Merlin.15．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 5 refer to?A．An effective description.B．A long-running battle.C．A wonderful feeling.D．A well-known legend.16．What is the text?A．A news report.B．A history story.C．A book review.D．A science fiction.【高考真题变式题4】Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, dramatic transformation” in how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis.We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote. “But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. First, it means there’s more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lacking in profound reflection.Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But thisadvocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading — neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he’s done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often assume technological change can’t be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn’t killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.17．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin’s opinion?A．Favorable.B．Critical.C．Doubtful.D．Objective.18．Which statement would the author probably agree with?A．Advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading.B．Digital writing and reading tends to ignore careful reflection.C．We should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain.D．The number of Internet readers declines due to technology.19．Why is “swimmer” mentioned in paragraph 4?A．To demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought.B．To stress swimming differs from reading.C．To show slow reading is better than fast reading.D．To illustrate what slow reading is like.20．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Slow Reading is Here to StayB．Technology Prevents Slow ReadingC．Reflections on Deep ReadingD．The Wonder of Deep Reading对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。

议论文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Underwater travel is difficult and dangerous, but many people have to stay deep under the ocean. Thus, humans have come up with a few designs of vehicles to move around under the ocean. But what if there was a better way to travel?Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University of Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray (魔鬼鱼) would be able to operate for long periods at sea. Manta rays which can grow up to 29 feet long are among the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Different from animals and people pushing against water, manta rays swim by moving through the water with wing-like movements of their fins (鳍) . Efficiency means using less energy to move farther.Bart-Smith and other engineers at the University of Virginia had to find out what manta rays looked like on the inside to better understand how they move. They took X-rays to find out how a manta ray's fins are built. They found that a web of cartilage (软骨) stretches across each fin.Once the engineers knew how a manta ray's fin was constructed, they could build one of their own. They made a long row of metal struts with many hinges to imitate the manta ray's web of cartilage. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cover, shaped like a manta ray's fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pool. They were happy to see that it swam just like a manta ray in the ocean.Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with how to imitate these amazing animals. For now, engineers study their movements and learn from the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Perhaps someday engineers will be able to build manta ray robots that are big enough to transport people.1．How do manta rays swim?A.By moving like birds.B.By swimming like humans.C.By swimming like other fishes.D.By pushing against water like animals. 2．What can we learn from the second and third paragraphs?A.Manta rays look like travel vehicles.B.Manta rays are the fastest swimmers.C.Manta rays can grow at least 29 feet long.D.Manta rays'fins consist of a web of cartilage.3．Why do the engineers study manta rays?A.To learn about their habits.B.To control manta ray robots.C.To protect marine creatures.D.To design undersea vehicles.4．What's the author's attitude towards the research?A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.People tend to pay less attention to tasks when working alongside a robot, according to research that found evidence of "social loafing", where team members work less hard if they think others will cover for them.Researchers at the Technical University of Berlin said people come to see robots as part of their team. Where they think a colleague or the technology performs particularly well, or where they think their own contribution would not be appreciated, people tend to take a more laid-back approach."Teamwork is a mixed blessing, "said Dietlind Helene Cymek (DHC) , the first author of the study. "Working together can motivate people to perform well but it can also lead to a loss of motivation because the individual contribution is not as visible. We were interested in whether we could also find such motivational effects when the team partner is a robot."The team tested their hypothesis by asking a group of workers to check the quality of a series of tasks. The workers were all asked to carry out checks for errors on circuit boards (电路板) . Half of them were told the tasks were also performed by a robot. While they did not work directly with the robot, named Panda, those people had seen it and were able to hear it operating.Their activity was monitored by the researchers, who blurred out the images of the boards the workers received, only showing them an image they could check once they actively opened it.Initially, they said they found no statistical difference in the time the two groups-those who were told they were working with a robot and those who were not-spent inspecting the circuit boards, or in the area they searched for errors.However, when the researchers investigated the participants' error rates, they found those knowing Panda's presence were catching fewer defects after they had seen the robot had successfully flagged many errors. They said this could reflect a "looking but not seeing" effect, where people engage less once they feel a colleague or resource is reliable.While participants who were asked to rate their own performance thought they werepaying an equivalent amount of attention, the researchers felt that subconsciously they had begun to assume Panda had picked up defects well.5．Why do people pay less attention to tasks when working with a robot?A.They see the robot as their colleague.B.They think the robot can cover all tasks.C.They believe their performance will be appreciated.D.They feel unvalued about their personal contribution.6．What does DHC mean by saying "Teamwork is a mixed blessing"?A.Teamwork is of great help for workers.B.Teamwork can improve work efficiency.C.Teamwork involves different kinds of weaknesses.D.Teamwork has both advantages and disadvantages.7．What did the workers need to do during the researchers' test?A.They need to blur out the images of the circuit boards.B.They need to check errors on circuit boards with robotsC.They need to see and hear how the robots were operating.D.They need to monitor the robots to check the quality of circuit boards.8．Which of the following can best describe the procedure of the study?A.Group→Instruct→Monitor→RateB.Question→Detect→Demonstrate→CollectC.Monitor→Group→Investigate→RateD.Monitor→Investigate→Reflect→InstructInterspecies was once a technical term used in science to describe how one species got along with another. Now it is a word of more consequence: it arouses the new connections between humans and non-humans that are being made possible by technology. In Ways of Being, James Bridle, a British artist and technology writer, explores what this means for understanding the non-human intelligence on Earth.Mr Bridle makes it clear that three kinds of minds are now interacting: humans, non-humans and machines. Using artificial intelligence (AI), machines in the future will have the capability to interpose(使介入) themselves as translators between humans and other biological life forms.It is true that profit is the main motive for advances in AI; as yet nature does not get muchof a look-in, and non-human intelligence goes unexplored outside zoology departments. Computing is as focused on humans as ever, even as climate change and biodiversity-loss suggest it should devote much greater attention to other species.The first step towards an interspecies future, Mr Bridle argues, is showing more appreciation for other forms of intelligence. To some extent, this is already happening. For example, through films and other initiatives many people now know that octopuses(章鱼) have advanced and strange intelligence. The next step, Mr Bridle declares, is recognizing that people live in a "more-than-human" world. Other forms of intelligence have developed from a common evolutionary base, and they overlap(重叠) in ways that science is just beginning to discover.Ways of Being would have benefited from sharper editing. Yet, in making clear the patience, imagination and humility required to better know and protect other forms of intelligence on Earth, he has made an admirable contribution to the dawning of the interspecies age. 9．Which of the following best illustrates the term "interspecies"?A.A wolf hunts a rabbit.B.A robot does housework.C.A lady walks her dog.D.A boy records a video for squirrels.10．What does AI lay emphasis on nowadays?A.Biodiversity.B.Other species.C.Humans.D.Climate change. 11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.The characteristics of species evolution.B.Expectations for the future development of AI.C.Suggestions on future exploration of interspecies.D. The importance of appreciation for other forms of intelligence.12．Which word best describes the author's attitude to Ways of Being?A.Skeptical.B.Favorable.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.Steam trains paved the way for modern-day transportation, but just how much do you know about them?The roots of steam trains can be traced back to the 18th century when the Scottish engineer James Watt improved steam engine technology. Watt’s improvements significantly enhanced the efficiency of steam engines. This breakthrough paved the way for the application of steam power in various industries, marking the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. As the 19th century started, George Stephenson used the power of steam to power locomotives (火车头), telling the age of steam-powered transportation.Steam trains played a vital role in transforming the world into a connected network of nations. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in 1869 marked a historic moment, as steam locomotives linked the East and West coasts, reducing travel time and expanding economic, opportunities.Similarly, the Orient Express in Europe became a symbol of luxury and international travel, carrying passengers from Paris to Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sound of wheels on rails echoed (回响) through diverse landscapes, from the dry deserts of Australia to the snowy expanses of Siberia, as steam trains formed paths of connectivity across continents. During times of war, the role of steam trains extended to soldier transportation.While steam trains led the railway landscape for over a century, the mid-20th century witnessed the arrival of electric and diesel locomotives, claiming greater efficiency and lower operational costs, and signaling a transformative shift.As steam trains were not mainstream transportation, enthusiasts worldwide have preserved and restored steam locomotives, ensuring that these classic engine s continue to attract new generations with their nostalgic (怀旧的) charm, and that their stories continue to be told for ages to come.For Heritage railways, they dedicate to the restoration and operation of classic steam locomotives. From the Bluebell Railway in England to the Strasburg Rail Road in the United States, these living museums allow modern-day travelers to experience the magic of steam travel. Riding the polished carriages and hearing the distinctive whistle, visitors experience a sensory voyage, connecting with a time when steam trains were the heartbeat of progress and adventure.13．What marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?A. Rapid expansion of railways.B. Advance of steam locomotives.C. Great efficiency of transportation.D. The use of steam power in industries.14．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Add more facts to the role of steam trains.C. Share a historic moment.D. Introduce the Orient Express.15．How do Heritage railways react to the decline of steam trains?A. They welcome the arrival of electric engines.B. They insist on using steam trains.C. They offer a journey back in time.D. They prefer to improve steam engines.16．Where is the text probably taken from?A. A travel guide.B. A book review.C. A history paper.D. A newspaper report.Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. Roman builders built thick concrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders constructed walls against foreign enemies.A growing number of scientists have been studying materials since a long time ago. They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years. The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice and beer. These unexpected materials can have the ability to get stronger over time. Figuring out how to copy these features can have real impacts today. While some of our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy structures, it cannot compete with the durability of these ancient materials.Many scientists have turned to the Romans. Starting around 200 BC, the Roman Empire was building concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago. They think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. That the ancient materials have an unusual power to restore themselves and “cure” cracks (裂缝) when they form is the most shocking for them. Exactly how is not yet clear, but scientists are starting to find the reasons.Today’s builders cannot just copy the ancient processes. Even though Roman concrete lasted a long time, it couldn’t hold up heavy buildings. Instead, researchers are trying to take some of th e ancient materials and add them into modern mixes. People don’t need to make things last quite as long as the Romans did. If we add 50 or 100 years to concrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling down, less maintenance and less material in the l ong run. 17．What were the mentioned Roman and Chinese buildings both used for?A. Travel.B. Defence.C. Soldier training.D. Seawater control.18．Which word can best describe the ancient buildings?A. Long-lasting.B. Energy-efficient.C. Delicate.D. Flexible.19．What surprises the scientists most about the ancient building materials?A. Their large cracks.B. Their clear concrete.C. Their internal structures.D. Their self-repairing ability.20．What is the author’s attitude to the future concrete?A. Tolerant.B. Expectant.C. Suspicious.D. Indifferent.O'Brien and Samantha Kassirer from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University conducted two experiments to determine the levels of people's happiness when they gave away money or when they spent it on themselves.The first experiment involved 96 college students receiving $5 every day for five days. They had to spend the money on the same thing each day. Researchers randomly asked the participants to either spend the money on themselves or give it to someone else, like through a tip or an online donation to a charity. The participants ended each day by reflecting on their spending experience and their overall level of happiness. Regardless of how they spent the money, everyone started off with roughly the same level of self-reported happiness. Those who spent the money on themselves, however, experienced a decline in happiness over the five-day period. The people who gave the money to someone else maintained their happiness levels.The second experiment conducted online, involved 502 people playing 10 rounds of a word puzzle game. When the players won in a round, they received 5 cents. The participants could either keep the 5 cents or donate it to a charity. After each round, people rated the level of happiness they felt after winning a round. As with the first study, those who gave away the money reported a longer stretch of happiness than those who kept the money for themselves. As for why people who used the money for themselves aren't happy for so long, the researchers explain that focusing on an outcome—like getting paid—can diminish the experience. When people focus on an action—like giving to charity—they concentrate more on the act itself as a joyful event, explaining why happiness stays more consistent among those who spend the money on others. "If you want to sustain happiness over time, our new research shows that repeated giving, even in the same way to the same people, may make you continue to feel much fresher and more enjoyable," O'Brien said.So the next time you think about spending money on yourself, maybe give it to someone in need instead. Your happiness will thank you.21．What is the finding of the experiments?A.People get more happiness when giving money to others.B.Those who give money to others like to do it online.C.Your level of happiness can be influenced by many factors.D.Those who win rewards are willing to give money to a charity.22．According to O'Brien, what is the secret of maintaining happiness?A.Saving enough money.B.Trying something new.C.Keeping on giving.D.Balancing rest and work.23．Which of the following shows the correct structure of the whole text?A. B. C. D.24．What is the best title for the text?A.Money isn't the key to happinessB.It is better to give than to receiveC.Happiness depends upon ourselvesD.People spend their money differently参考答案1．答案：A解析：细节理解题。

专题十三阅读理解之人物传记、故事类1.【2015·湖北卷】BWhat Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can〔装罐〕and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control what’s on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,〞she said.Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,〞 Loe said.Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.〞 Got an apartment with a balcony 〔阳台〕? Plant some herbs.A window? Perfect spot for growing.Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.〞 Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,〞 she added.“I think it’s a great place to start.〞“Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.〞Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does.With every planted food.Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,〞 Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.〞In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,〞she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no will.〞55.The underlined word “prerequisite〞(Pare.1) is closest in meaning to “______〞.A.recipeB.substituteC.requirementD.challenge56.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?A.They are used daily.B.They are easy to grow.C.They can grow very tallD.They can be eaten uncooked57.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?A.It can preserve their best flavorB.It can promote her online salesC.It can better her cooking skillsD.It can improve their nutrition58.What is the“the bigger picture〞 (Para.6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?A.The knowledge about good foodB.The way to live a grow-our-own lifeC.The joy of getting in touch with foodsD.The responsibility to protect our earth【考点定位】记叙文阅读【名师点睛】记叙文体裁特点是: 人不离事,事不离人。

【英语】高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解The number of giraffes is becoming smaller across Africa, according to the Giraffe Conservation Foundation. The total population has dropped by 40 percent in the last 15 years. Surprisingly, even scientists haven't given much attention to giraffes. We are learning more about their ecology, but what we know is still way behind what we know about other species. "It's a silent extinction," said Dr. Julian Hennessy, a wildlife scientist."The main reason for the smaller number of giraffes is their loss of living places," said Hennessy, "as an increasing part of land is used for farming. But hunting also has a big influence." You might wonder why hunters would focus on giraffes. First of all, once a giraffe is brought down, there is lots of meat with a small amount of effort. Besides, there is another thing encouraging the hunting. In Tanzania, Hennessy says, the latest word on the street is that eating giraffe meat could cure AIDS. Fresh giraffe heads and bones can be sold at prices of up to $140 per piece.Another widespread misconception about giraffes is that they are everywhere. Look at kids' books which are full of giraffes. They are always in zoo collections. They can be seen easily, so you don't think we have to worry about them. But the truth is that they are in danger of extinction. There is a lack of right and true data.Hennessy and other researchers are now pulling together the data needed to improve the situation of the entire giraffe species and all nine subspecies (亚种). The information will be used to change the giraffe's listing on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, which now lists the species as of "least concern" but two subspecies as "endangered". "It's a lot of work to gather the necessary information," Hennessy says. "And several other giraffe subspecies will be recommended for endangered listings next year or the year after." He hopes that the world will finally start to take notice of how endangered these beloved animals have become.（1）By saying "It's a silent extinction", Hennessy tells us that ______.A. giraffes are unpopular in AfricaB. the giraffe is always silent in daily lifeC. the ecology of Africa needs more attentionD. the extinction occurs without enough attention（2）What has caused the high price of giraffe meat in Tanzania?A. The country's custom.B. The illegal international trade.C. The cost of hunting a giraffe.D. The idea that it's a cure for AIDS.（3）The misconception in Para. 3 can be corrected by ______.A. preventing illegal hunting in AfricaB. rewriting kids' books about giraffesC. providing reliable data about giraffesD. spreading scientific knowledge of AIDS（4）The final purpose of Hennessy's great effort is to ______.A. collect more information about giraffesB. raise public awareness of protecting giraffesC. prove giraffes will disappear in the next few yearsD. work with the International Union for Conservation of Nature【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了长颈鹿濒临灭绝的原因，并指出提供准确的数据，提高人们的保护意识至关重要。