浙江大学 2008年 攻读博士研究生入学考试题

浙江大学2008年攻读博士研究生入学考试题考试科目_____________英语______________ 编号_________________ 注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上或者草稿纸上均无效。

Section ⅠListening Comprehension (20 marks, 1 mark each)Part ADirections:You will hear a lecture on the study of people’s leisure habits. Listen and complete the sentences in question 1~5 with the information you’re heard. Write not more than 3 words in each number box. You will heard the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.Humans always believe that the bare adult body needs modification for acceptance into ___________________Clothes at times seem to be themselves bad, by contrast with the notional purity of _________________________In art the dressed form is usually shown as natural and the naked form as ______The passage mentions that artists tend to fashion a nude costume for ______________________Artists will give this nude image the shape and proportions required of ______________________Part BDirections: You will hear a telephone message introducing the Gower Nature Park. Answer questions 6~10 while you listen. Use no more than 5 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions.When did environmentalism gain prominence? ___________________________ What kind of living did most early modern Europeans earn from the land? ________ What did some people immerse themselves in? __________What did those voyages to different lands, advances in science and technology, and political clashes, etc, transform? ______________________________What did early modern Europeans worry about? ______________Part CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check you answer. You will hear each piece once only.Directions: Questions 11~13 are based on the following passage about Tony Blair. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11~13.11. A）London B) Scotland C) Durham D) Sedgefield12. A) In 1997 B) In 1994 C）In 1983 D) In 199613. A）Kathryn B）Euan C）Leo D）NickyDirections: Questions 14~16 are based on the following passage about campus antiwar network. You now have 15 seconds to read question 14~16.14.A）Once conference at George Washington UniversityB）Once conference at San Francisco State UniversityC）Once conference at UC BerkeleyD）both A and B15.A）because nobody has surveyed it.B）because it is ignored.C）because it is decentralized.D）because it is too much centralized.16. A）In 2003 B）In 2004 C）In 2005 D）In 2006Directions: Questions 17~20 are based on the following passage about life. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 17~20.17. A）negative B）positive C）neutral D）not mentioned18.A）human entityB）animate substanceC）creation and beliefD）infusion of life by superhuman entity19.A）complex organic substancesB）inorganic compounds and waterC）ultraviolet rays and electrical dischargesD）nutrient broth20.A）life originated in a volcanic settingB）life on earth came in a simple form from another planetC）life was self-produced out of nothingD）life was created by supernatural powerSectionⅡVocabulary (15 marks, 1 mark each)Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠwith a single line through the center.21. President Bush came to his parents‘ century-old summer home on the Maine coast for a little relaxation, a distant cousin‘s wedding and some family time. However, several hundred anti- war demonstrators ______ on his visit.A) intruded B) invaded C) intwined D) inturned22. Influenza is caused by a virus ____ one person _____ another in droplets coughed or sneezed into the air. It is characterized by coldlike symptoms plus chills, fever,headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue.A) transferred from …to B) transmitted from…toC) transacted from …to D) transcend from…to23. Pigeon is the common name for members of a family of birds, smaller species are commonly known as doves, but sizes of pigeons and doves _____. The birds, almost worldwide in distribution, are most abundant in warm regions.A) surpass B) transcend C) overlap D) join24. Yangtze River flows at a width of up to 2km and an average depth of between 6 and 15m through a large plain with many lakes. This area is _____ to severe flooding and accumulation of river sediment.A) object B) particular C) subject D) prone25. In 2005, President Bush put his political capital where his mouth was, and lost. He went all-out to ____ Congress and the American people that privatizing Social Security would be good and necessary.A) argue B) concede C) convince D) confess26. A growing number of companies are now trying to serve ―segments of one.‖ They attempt to _____ their offer and communication to each individual customer. This is understandable with large industrial companies that have only a few major customers.A) adopt B) adapt C) incorporate D) exclude27. The German general staff made another dangerous concession to what they considered a military necessity. The plan would be _____ not when countries formally declared war but simply when they ordered mobilization.A) triggered B) triggering C) trifling D) trifled28. Content is the subject matter of architecture, the element in architectural expression that communicates specific meanings that _____ to society the functions and techniques of buildings.A) interpret B) tell C) identify D) modify29. As online computer systems become more popular, televisions and computers are increasingly ______. Such technologies combine the capabilities of computers, television etc, and greatly expand the services that can be provided.A) separated B) segregated C) integrated D) intersected30. A theory is an organized set of principles that is designed to explain and predict some phenomenon. Good theories also provide specific testable predictions, or ____ , about the relation between two or more variables.A) hypothesis B) conception C) idea D) meaning31. Human evolution is lengthy process of change ____ people originated from apelike ancestor. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people evolved over a period of at least 6 million years.A) of which B) by which C) for which D) by that32. Because of various burdens, the 1980s in Ecuador because a decade of ____. It was made worse by bad floods in 1983, the collapse of world oil prices in 1985 and 1986, and a devastating earthquake in 1987.A) collapse B) stagnation C) stop D) reduction33. Since 1970, when Sultan Qaboos came to power and launched Oman‘s development, poverty has been largely ____ and modern medical cars has been provided throughout the country.A) eliminated B) illuminated C) limited D) increased34. Many societies today interpret the natural world and form beliefs base on science and logic. Societies in which many people do not practice any religion, such as the United States, may be known as _____ societies.A) Vulgar B) secular C) particular D) unique35. Before the _____ of hospitals, the family or communal(桑拿) was favored by Finnish women for giving birth. Today, saunas are found in health clubs and gymnasiums around the world.A) advent B) adventure C) advert D) advanceSection ⅢCloze Test (20 marks, 1 mark each)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 1 with a single linethrough the center.The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth‘s resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, which it‘s__36__ of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has __37__ to the near-destruction of our cities, and the pollution not only of __38__ air, but also of the earth‘s atmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the __39__ of the energy crisis.Our present __40__ is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources __41__ and energy use have brought us to a state __42__ long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which __43__ the future of our country, our children, and our earth, __44__ a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of __45__. There is a strong demand for moral revival and __46__ some devotion that is vast enough and yet __47__ enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a war in __48__ of their own country __49__ any people have been able to __50__ themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in __51__ with all the other inhabitants of his planet, who __52__ with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a __53__ need to reassess our present course, and to __54__new methods through which the world can survive. This is priceless __55__.36. A) manufacture B) increase C) presence D) expansion37. A) attributed B) contributed C) amounted D) brought38. A) urban B) rural C) local D) downtown39. A) form B) case C) event D) course40. A) surrounding B) environment C) circumstance D) situation41. A) exploitation B) exploration C) explosion D) exposition42. A) that B) why C) when D) where43. A) influences B) endangers C) restrains D) transforms44. A) but B) yet C) or D) and45. A) responsibility B) conscience C) morality D) dedication46. A) of B) by C) with D) for47. A) personal B) collective C) compulsory D) unanimous48. A) protection B) defense C) rescue D) maintenance49. A) when B) why C) that D) what50. A) engage B) donate C) sacrifice D) devote51. A) comparison B) accordance C) cooperation D) connection52. A) regulate B) exhaust C) dominate D) share53. A) mutual B) common C) universal D) general54. A) devise B) alter C) initiate D) modify55. A) challenge B) opportunity C) attempt D) notionSection ⅣReading Comprehension (20 marks, 1 mark each)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage 1There are a variety of ways to think about the self. Two of the most widely used terms are self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept generally refers to the totality of a complex, organized, and dynamic system of learned beliefs, attitudes and opinions that people hold about themselves, while self-esteem generally refers to how we feel about or how we value ourselves. There is a great deal of research which shows that the self-concept is, perhaps, the basis for all motivated behavior. It is the self-concept that gives rise to possible selves, and it is possible selves that create the motivation for behavior. Self-concept is related to self-esteem in that people who have good self-esteem have a clear differentiated self-concept. When people know themselves,they can maximize outcomes because they know what they can and cannot do. It would see, then, that one way to impact self-esteem is to obey the somewhat outworn cline of ―Know theyself.‖There are several different components of self-concept: physical, academic, social and transpersonal. The physical aspect of self concept relates to that which is concrete: what we look like, our sex, height, weight, and what kind of clothes we wear. Our academic self – concept relates to how well we do in school or how well we learn. The social describes how we relate to other people and the transpersonal self –concept describes how we relate to other supernatural or unknown on an emotional or spiritual level.Though self –reflection, people often come to view themselves in a new, more powerful way, and it is though this new, more power way of viewing the self that people can develop possible selves. We develop and maintain our self-concept by taking action and then reflecting on what we have done and what others tell us about what we have done. We reflect in comparison to our expectations and the exceptions of others and to the characteristics and accomplishments of others. Self-concept, thus is not innate, but is developed by the individual through interaction with the environment and reflecting on that interaction. This dynamic aspect of self-concept is important because it indicates that it can be modified or changed.56. It can be inferred from the text that _______ .A. The author believes most behavior is learned, not innate.B. the author doesn‘t believe that one‘s self-concept can change.C. self-concept and self-esteem are often mistaken for each other.D. the author has doubts about the idea that self-concepts is the basis for behavior.57. The author‘s attitude towards the ideas of ―know themselves‖ is _____.A. criticalB. positiveC. neutralD. mixed58. One can conclude from the text that by developing good self-esteem people can _____.A. improve their interactions immenselyB. begin improving their behaviorC. begin to develop a clear self-conceptD. correct deficiencies in their character59. Which of the following would be identified as transpersonal self-concept?A. Our concept of how interested and well we study supernatural topics.B. Our knowledge of our strange intuition about people‘s feelings.C. Our understanding of how we relate to a god we believe in.D. Our understanding of our relationship with other people.60. The most appropriate title for the text would be _____ .A. The Characteristics of Self-Concept.B. The Changeability of Self-Concept.C. Self-Concept and Self-Esteem.D. New Research on Self-Concept.Passage 2Every dream is a message from your unconscious self expressed in a code which only you can understand and interpret. The images, colors, moods, and terms of your dreams depend upon your culture, upbringing, slang and your own understanding of things and values. Dreaming is like looking into a mirror and seeing yourself with eyes.The first dreams which we have after falling asleep often revolve around the day‘s events. We go through them, sorting out and discarding things we don‘t need to remember and gaining insight into those we do. Often, we are inspired with suggestions that we can use to remedy the situations that plague us by day. As we progress through the night‘s dreams, they may take up more fantastic qualities, offering fanciful experiences. These often pleasant images can relieve the stress of the day. But the dream we have just before the awaking often contains information the stress of the day. But the dream we have just before the awaking often contains information the subconscious mind wants to make known to the conscious. And this information, if remembered, interpreted, and understood, can sever as an important tool in our lives.Depending upon the content, dream can strike us with their peculiarity, or sometimes even their alarming nature. Some dreams haunt us for years, not only because of their persistence, but also primarily because we cannot explain or understand them. Other dreams stand out with the weird mixture of images, emotions and context, which make us remember them for life. Recurring dreams are quite common, and we usually have them when a certain life situation repeats, or we are facing the same problem over and over again. A recurring dream is often a sign of some emotional weakness in our nature which causes us problems over the years.Lucid dreams are rare, but they are all about people‘s ability to control their dreams. In such a dream, the dreamer becomes consciously aware that she/he is dreaming and is able to use the memory and participate in dream actions and emotions. Lucid dreams are usually enhanced in a sensory and imaginary way, and sometimes can be accompanied by pleasant music. People can learn the techniques of control their dreams. Some historic manuscripts and records say that the ability to control dreams helps a person to reach a higher degree of mind development. This is what some Tibetan Buddhists and Islam followers practiced for the purpose of elevation in consciousness.61. Dream can only be understood by the dreamer because ______.A. they are always based on your deep feelings.B. they are expressed in a code only you can understand.C. they are always something related to your upbringing.D. they are related to your personal culture.62. According to the author dreams______.A. are always about the day‘s events, sorting out them one by oneB. are primarily meant to relieve the stress of the day.C. is only important at the stage just before you wake up.D. move from different stages, each with different functions.63. Recurring dreams occur ______ .A. because of a repetition of events, problem or emotional weakness.B. because of a certain life situation that causes us stress.C. because we are emotionally weak.D. because we cannot explain them.64. The word ―lucid‖ (Line 1, Para.4) refers to ________.A. highly consciousB. understandableC. easy to rememberD. clearly presented65. It can be concluded from the next that dreams offer us the potential to _____.A. predict the futureB. improve our conscienceC. increase our imaginationD. understanding ourselves.Passage 3The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul --- the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kind‘s servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king‘s biography -- not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weakness: to thrive, a write must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class Biographers may claim that their account is the ―authentic‖ one. In advancing thisclaim, they are helped if the biography is ―authorized‖ by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. ‖Unauthorized‖biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the ―unauthorized‖characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several ―authentic‖ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell ‖the‖ story of life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.66. According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who _____.A. possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subjectB. is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC. is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivityD. knows the subjects very well and yet maintains a proper distance from him67. The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that___.A. biographies can serve different purposesB. biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects‘ livesC. the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figuresD. the best biographies are meant to transform their readers68. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?A. An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B. An authentic biography is one authorized by the subjectC. Authentic biography have a wider readershipD. No one can write a perfect biography69. An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because______.A. it portrays the subjects both faithfully and vividlyB. it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersC. it contains interesting information about the subject‘s private lifeD. it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subject‘s character70. In this passage, the author focuses on ______.A. the secret of a biographer to win more readersB. the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobC. the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD. the characteristic of different kinds of biographiesPassage 4Is this happening in your neighborhood? Children, notebook computers stuck under their arms, await the yellow bus for the trip to middle school. On the surface, the question of computers in schools is a no-brainer. It would be strange to insists that today‘s technology shouldn‘t be used to make the classroom experience more individualized, more effective, more immediate, more exciting. Computers have been in schools more than 20 years --- and probably even done some good.But the idea of a personal computer as a necessary daily tool for every American grammar school pupil is altogether different thing. Beware the superficially attractive vision of 10 – year-olds doing most of their work – and homework – on a computer. It is another illusory silver bullet that promises to solve all of society‘s ills through technology. Regardless of whether parents or taxpayers buy the machinery, it‘s bad policy.Determining the proper role of computers in schools is too important to be left to computer suppliers and educators. An educated public with clear and realistic expectations needs to help determine the right track for technology.Educations forever seem to seek the ultimate in curricular or teaching tools. They are always preoccupied with innovation --- junior high school, new math, whole language, open classrooms, and mastery learning, to name a few. Some ideas tuned out well and over time have earned permanent positions in our education systems. Other reflected change for changes‘ sake and wound up in the trash bin, where they belong.Exactly what is to be solved with computers in schools? Are we looking to improve instructional capacity and flexibility? Are we trying to make teachers and aides more productive by letting students take advantage of programmed learning tools? This all sounds good, and much has been accomplished with computer assistedinstruction.But that‘s not the same as making the computer a symbol of wee-tempered educational policy. There ‗s danger in the message that a child is not fully educated if he or she can‘t surf the World Wide Web skillfully, move around in Windows or the Founder, use a word processing program, or program in Logo or Basic.These skills can be learned outside the classroom. Worse, the time it takes students to acquire them is time stolen from the legitimate teaching schedule—and that‘s a bad trade.And what kind of computers should be purchased? We‘re not talking brand names. Most school systems don‘t have the money to replace PCs or Macs on the two-to-there-year cycle that shifting technologies demand. On the other hand, $2500—the cost of just one computer—invested in books for the school library produces an asset that has, shall we say, a longer shelf life.And who changes the factory culture of schoolrooms to allow computers to be more effective? And who teachers the teachers? These are the really tough issues—the ones that more hardware won‘t solve.Children are best served when schools contribute to shaping the solid foundations on which their future will be built. The student who can read with curiosity and understanding, who has mastered basic mathematical concepts, who can evaluate ideas critically, is the one schools should aim to produce.71. A ―no-brainer‖ in the third sentence of the first paragraph probably means_____.A. something that is taken for grantedB. an idea that is brainless and foolishC. a proposal that is not worthy of serious considerationD. a machine that can never take the place of human brain72. Who can determine the proper role of computers in schools?A. Computer suppliersB. Compute educatesC. The educated publicD. All of the above73. According to the author, teaching computer in the school classroom is bad practice because_____.A. the computer is too expensive a luxury for school pupils.B. the pupils are not intelligently mature enough to master the skills.C. it take too much time which might have been spent on regular coursesD. the pupils can learn nothing from computer- assisted instruction.74. In the last paragraph the author implies that ______.A. computer skills contribute nothing to a proper education.B. computer teaching is an indispensable part of an education.C. the fundamental purpose of an education is being ignored.D. teachers should be taught how to teach computer skills.75. The author‘s attitude towards the present way of teaching computers in schools is ______.A. criticalB. objectiveC. positiveD. optimisticSection ⅤTranslation (25 marks)Directions: Translate the following into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet 2.76. 道别是一种社会礼仪，它象征一次活动的终结。