高三练习11
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新高考数学一轮复习考点知识专题讲解与练习考点知识总结11指数与指数函数高考概览高考在本考点的常考题型为选择题,分值为5分,中等难度考纲研读1.了解指数函数模型的实际背景2.理解有理数指数幂的含义,了解实数指数幂的意义,掌握幂的运算3.理解指数函数的概念,理解指数函数的单调性,掌握指数函数图象通过的特殊点4.体会指数函数是一类重要的函数模型一、基础小题1.设2x=8y+1,9y=3x-9,则x+y的值为()A.18 B.21 C.24 D.27答案 D解析因为2x=8y+1=23(y+1),所以x=3y+3,因为9y=3x-9=32y,所以x-9=2y,解得x=21,y=6,所以x+y=27.2.化简(a>0,b>0)的结果是()A.ba B.ab C.a2b D.ab答案 D解析3.函数f(x)=a x-b的图象如图,其中a,b为常数,则下列结论正确的是()A.a>1,b<0 B.a>1,b>0C.0<a<1,b>0 D.0<a<1,b<0答案 D解析由f(x)=a x-b的图象可以观察出,函数f(x)=a x-b在定义域上单调递减,所以0<a<1.函数f(x)=a x-b的图象是在f(x)=a x的基础上向左平移得到的,所以b<0.故选D.4.已知a=(2)43,b=225,c=913,则()A.b<a<c B.a<b<c C.b<c<a D.c<a<b答案 A解析5.函数f(x)=x2-bx+c满足f(x+1)=f(1-x),且f(0)=3,则f(b x)与f(c x)的大小关系是()A.f(b x)≤f(c x) B.f(b x)≥f(c x)C.f(b x)>f(c x) D.与x有关,不确定答案 A解析∵f(x+1)=f(1-x),∴f(x)图象的对称轴为直线x=1,由此得b=2.又f(0)=3,∴c=3.∴f(x)在(-∞,1)上单调递减,在(1,+∞)上单调递增.若x≥0,则3x≥2x≥1,∴f(3x)≥f(2x).若x<0,则3x<2x<1,∴f(3x)>f(2x).∴f(3x)≥f(2x).故选A.6.已知x∈(0,+∞)时,不等式9x-m·3x+m+1>0恒成立,则m的取值范围是() A.(2-22,2+22) B.(-∞,2)C.(-∞,2+22) D.[2+22,+∞)答案 C解析令t=3x(t>1),则由已知得函数f(t)=t2-mt+m+1的图象在t∈(1,+∞)上恒在x轴的上方,则对于方程f(t)=0,有Δ=(-m)2-4(m+1)<0或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧Δ≥0,m2≤1,f (1)=1-m +m +1≥0,解得2-22<m <2+22或m ≤2-22,所以m <2+2 2.故选C. 7.已知实数x ,y 满足a x <a y (0<a <1),则下列关系式恒成立的是( ) A .1x 2+1>1y 2+1B .ln(x 2+1)>ln (y 2+1)C .sin x >sin yD .x 3>y 3 答案 D解析 因为实数x ,y 满足a x <a y (0<a <1),所以x >y ,根据函数y =x 2的对称性和单调性,可知x 2,y 2的大小不确定,故A ,B 中的不等式不恒成立;根据正弦函数的单调性,可知C 中的不等式也不恒成立;由于函数f (x )=x 3在R 上单调递增,所以x 3>y 3,所以D 中的不等式恒成立.故选D.8.(多选)设函数f (x )=2x ,对于任意的x 1,x 2(x 1≠x 2),下列命题中正确的是( ) A .f (x 1+x 2)=f (x 1)·f (x 2) B .f (x 1·x 2)=f (x 1)+f (x 2) C .f (x 1)-f (x 2)x 1-x 2>0D .f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x 1+x 22<f (x 1)+f (x 2)2答案 ACD 解析9.(多选)已知函数f (x )=e x -1-e -x +1,则下列说法正确的是( ) A .函数f (x )的最小正周期是1 B .函数f (x )是单调递增函数C .函数f (x )的图象关于直线x =1轴对称D .函数f (x )的图象关于(1,0)中心对称 答案 BD解析 函数f (x )=e x -1-e -x +1,即f (x )=e x -1-1e x -1,可令t =e x -1,即有y =t -1t ,由y =t -1t 在t >0时单调递增,t =e x -1在R 上单调递增,可得f (x )在R 上为增函数,则A 错误,B 正确;由f (2-x )=e 1-x -e x -1,可得f (x )+f (2-x )=0,即有f (x )的图象关于点(1,0)对称,则C 错误,D 正确.故选BD.10.(多选)已知函数f (x )=πx -π-x 2,g (x )=πx +π-x2,则f (x ),g (x )满足( )A .f (-x )+g (-x )=g (x )-f (x )B .f (-2)<f (3)C .f (x )-g (x )=π-xD .f (2x )=2f (x )g (x ) 答案 ABD解析 f (-x )=π-x -πx 2=-f (x ),g (-x )=πx +π-x2=g (x ),所以f (-x )+g (-x )=g (x )-f (x ),A 正确;因为函数f (x )为增函数,所以f (-2)<f (3),B 正确;f (x )-g (x )=πx -π-x2-πx +π-x 2=-2π-x 2=-π-x,C 不正确;f (2x )=π2x -π-2x 2=2·πx -π-x 2·πx +π-x2=2f (x )g (x ),D 正确.11.求值:0.064-13-⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-590+[(-2)3]-43+16-0.75+0.0112=________. 答案 14380解析 原式=0.4-1-1+(-2)-4+2-3+0.1=104-1+116+18+110=14380.12.已知max{a ,b }表示a ,b 两数中的最大值.若f (x )=max{e |x |,e |x -2|},则f (x )的最小值为________.答案 e解析 由题意得,f (x )=⎩⎨⎧e |x |,x ≥1,e |x -2|,x <1.当x ≥1时,f (x )=e |x |=e x ≥e(当x =1时,取等号);当x <1时,f (x )=e |x -2|=e 2-x >e.故f (x )的最小值为f (1)=e.二、高考小题13.(2022·天津高考)设a =30.7,b =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫13-0.8,c =log 0.70.8,则a ,b ,c 的大小关系为( )A .a <b <cB .b <a <cC .b <c <aD .c <a <b 答案 D解析 因为a =30.7>1,b =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫13-0.8=30.8>30.7=a ,c =log 0.70.8<log 0.70.7=1,所以c <1<a <b .故选D.14.(2022·全国Ⅲ卷)Logistic 模型是常用数学模型之一,可应用于流行病学领域.有学者根据公布数据建立了某地区新冠肺炎累计确诊病例数I (t )(t 的单位:天)的Logistic 模型:I (t )=K1+e-0.23(t -53),其中K 为最大确诊病例数.当I (t *)=0.95K 时,标志着已初步遏制疫情,则t *约为(ln 19≈3)( )A .60B .63C .66D .69 答案 C解析 因为I (t )=K1+e -0.23(t -53),所以I (t *)=K 1+e -0.23(t *-53)=0.95K ,则e0.23(t *-53)=19,所以0.23(t *-53)=ln 19≈3,解得t *≈30.23+53≈66.故选C.15.(2022·北京高考)已知函数f (x )=2x -x -1,则不等式f (x )>0的解集是( ) A.(-1,1)B .(-∞,-1)∪(1,+∞)C .(0,1)D .(-∞,0)∪(1,+∞) 答案 D解析 因为f (x )=2x -x -1,所以f (x )>0等价于2x >x +1,在同一直角坐标系中作出y =2x 和y =x +1的图象如图:两函数图象的交点坐标为(0,1),(1,2),所以不等式2x >x +1的解集为(-∞,0)∪(1,+∞).所以不等式f (x )>0的解集为(-∞,0)∪(1,+∞).故选D.16.(2022·上海高考)已知常数a >0,函数f (x )=2x 2x +ax 的图象经过点P ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫p ,65,Q ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫q ,-15.若2p +q =36pq ,则a =________. 答案 6解析 由已知条件知f (p )=65,f (q )=-15, 所以⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2p 2p +ap =65,①2q 2q +aq =-15, ②①+②,得2p (2q +aq )+2q (2p +ap )(2p +ap )(2q +aq )=1,整理得2p +q =a 2pq ,又2p +q =36pq , ∴36pq =a 2pq ,又pq ≠0,∴a 2=36,∴a =6或a =-6,又a >0,∴a =6. 三、模拟小题17.(2022·云南曲靖陆良县联办高级中学模拟)函数y = 1-⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12x的定义域是( )A .(0,+∞)B .(-∞,0)C .[0,+∞)D .(-∞,0] 答案 C解析 要使函数有意义,需满足1-⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12x ≥0,即⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12x ≤1=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫120,解得x ≥0,因此,函数y =1-⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12x的定义域为[0,+∞).故选C. 18.(2022·湖北武汉高三开学考试)对于函数f (x ),若在定义域内存在实数x 0满足f (-x 0)=-f (x 0),则称函数f (x )为“倒戈函数”.设f (x )=3x +m -1(m ∈R ,m ≠0)是定义在[-1,1]上的“倒戈函数”,则实数m 的取值范围是( )A .⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫-23,0B .⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-23,-13C .⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-23,0 D .(-∞,0)答案 A解析 ∵f (x )=3x +m -1是定义在[-1,1]上的“倒戈函数”,存在x 0∈[-1,1]满足f (-x 0)=-f (x 0),∴3-x 0+m -1=-3 x 0-m +1,∴2m =-3-x 0-3 x 0+2,构造函数y =-3-x 0-3 x 0+2,x 0∈[-1,1],令t =3x 0,t ∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤13,3,y =-1t -t +2=2-⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫t +1t 在⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤13,1上单调递增,在(1,3]上单调递减,∴t =1取得最大值0,t =13或t =3取得最小值-43,y ∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-43,0,∴-43≤2m <0,∴-23≤m <0.故选A. 19.(多选)(2022·山东日照二模)若实数m ,n 满足5m -4n =5n -4m ,则下列关系式中可能成立的是( )A .m =nB .1<m <nC .0<m <n <1D .n <m <0 答案 ACD解析 由题意,实数m ,n 满足5m -4n =5n -4m ,可化为4m +5m =5n +4n ,设y =f (x )=4x +5x ,y =g (x )=5x +4x ,由初等函数的性质,可得f (x ),g (x )都是单调递增函数,画出函数f (x ),g (x )的图象,如图所示,作直线y =t 0,当t 0<1时,n <m <0成立;当t 0=1或t 0=9时,m =n 成立;当1<t 0<9时,0<m <n <1成立;当t 0>9时,1<n <m 成立.综上,可知可能成立的为A ,C ,D.20.(多选)(2022·江苏淮安高三第一学期五校联考)高斯是德国著名的数学家,近代数学奠基者之一,享有“数学王子”的称号,他和阿基米德、牛顿并列为世界三大数学家,用其名字命名的“高斯函数”为:设x ∈R ,用[x ]表示不超过x 的最大整数,则y =[x ]称为高斯函数,例如:[-3.5]=-4,[2.1]=2.已知函数f (x )=e x 1+e x -12,则关于函数g (x )=[f (x )]的叙述中正确的是( )A .g (x )是偶函数B .f (x )是奇函数C .f (x )在R 上是增函数D .g (x )的值域是{-1,0,1} 答案 BC解析 ∵g (1)=[f (1)]=⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤e1+e -12=0,g (-1)=[f (-1)]=⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤1e1+1e -12=⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤1e +1-12=-1,∴g (1)≠g (-1),则g (x )不是偶函数,故A 错误;∵f (x )=e x 1+e x -12的定义域为R ,f (-x )+f (x )=e -x1+e -x -12+e x 1+e x -12=1e x1+1e x+e x 1+e x -1=11+e x +e x1+e x -1=0,∴f (x )为奇函数,故B 正确;∵f (x )=e x 1+e x -12=1+e x-11+e x -12=12-11+e x ,又e x在R 上单调递增,∴f (x )=12-11+e x 在R 上是增函数,故C 正确;∵e x >0,∴1+e x >1,则0<11+e x<1,可得-12<12-11+e x <12,即-12<f (x )<12.∴g (x )=[f (x )]∈{-1,0},故D 错误.故选BC. 21.(2022·南阳模拟)若函数f (x )=2|x -a |(a ∈R )满足f (1+x )=f (1-x ),且f (x )在[m ,+∞)上单调递增,则a =________,实数m 的最小值为________.答案 1 1解析 因为f (1+x )=f (1-x ),所以函数f (x )的图象关于直线x =1对称,所以a =1.函数f (x )=2|x -1|的图象如图所示.因为函数f (x )在[m ,+∞)上单调递增,所以m ≥1,所以实数m 的最小值为1.22.(2022·福建漳州高三阶段考试)函数f (x )是定义在R 上的偶函数,且当x ≥0时,f (x )=a x (a >1).若对任意的x ∈[0,2t +1],均有f (x +t )≥[f (x )]3,则实数t 的取值范围是________.答案 ⎝ ⎛⎦⎥⎤-12,-49解析 ∵f (x )是定义在R 上的偶函数,且当x ≥0时,f (x )=a x (a >1),∴f (x )=a |x |(a >1),则[f (x )]3=(a |x |)3=a |3x |=f (3x ),则f (x +t )≥[f (x )]3等价于f (x +t )≥f (3x ),当x ≥0时f (x )为增函数,则|x +t |≥|3x |,即8x 2-2tx -t 2≤0对任意x ∈[0,2t +1]恒成立,设g (x )=8x 2-2tx -t 2,则⎩⎨⎧g (0)≤0g (2t +1)≤0⇔⎩⎨⎧-t 2≤0,27t 2+30t +8≤0,解得-23≤t ≤-49,又2t +1>0,∴-12<t ≤-49.一、高考大题本考点在近三年高考中未涉及此题型.二、模拟大题1.(2022·黑龙江鹤岗一中期末)函数f(x)=2x-a2x是奇函数.(1)求f(x)的解析式;(2)当x∈(0,+∞)时,f(x)>m·2-x+4恒成立,求m的取值范围.解(1)∵函数f(x)=2x-a2x是奇函数,∴f(-x)=2-x-a2-x =-a·2x+12x=-2x+a2x=-f(x),故a=1,故f(x)=2x-12x.(2)当x∈(0,+∞)时,f(x)>m·2-x+4恒成立,即m+1<(2x)2-4·2x在x∈(0,+∞)上恒成立,令t=2x,t>1,h(t)=t2-4t=(t-2)2-4(t>1),显然h(t)在(1,+∞)上的最小值是h(2)=-4,故m +1<-4, 解得m <-5.故m 的取值范围为(-∞,-5).2.(2022·湖北襄阳高三阶段考试)已知函数f (x )=a |x +b |(a >0,a ≠1,b ∈R ). (1)若f (x )为偶函数,求实数b 的值;(2)若f (x )在区间[2,+∞)上是增函数,试求实数a ,b 应满足的条件. 解 (1)因为f (x )为偶函数,所以对任意的x ∈R ,都有f (-x )=f (x ), 即a |x +b |=a |-x +b |,|x +b |=|-x +b |, 解得实数b =0.(2)记h (x )=|x +b |=⎩⎨⎧x +b ,x ≥-b ,-x -b ,x <-b .①当a >1时,f (x )在区间[2,+∞)上是增函数,即h (x )在区间[2,+∞)上是增函数, 所以-b ≤2,即b ≥-2.②当0<a <1时,f (x )在区间[2,+∞)上是增函数,即h (x )在区间[2,+∞)上是减函数,但h (x )在区间[-b ,+∞)上是增函数,故不存在a ,b 的值,使f (x )在区间[2,+∞)上是增函数.所以f (x )在区间[2,+∞)上是增函数时,实数a ,b 应满足的条件为a >1且b ≥-2. 3.(2022·宁夏银川一中期末)已知定义在R 上的奇函数f (x ),在x ∈(0,1)时,f (x )=2x4x +1且f (-1)=f (1).(1)求f (x )在x ∈[-1,1]上的解析式; (2)证明:当x ∈(0,1)时,f (x )<12;(3)若x ∈(0,1),常数λ∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2,52,解关于x 的不等式f (x )>1λ.解 (1)∵f (x )是R 上的奇函数且x ∈(0,1)时,f (x )=2x4x +1,∴f (0)=0,当x ∈(-1,0)时,f (x )=-f (-x )=-2-x 4-x +1=-2x4x +1,又f (-1)=-f (1),f (-1)=f (1), ∴f (-1)=f (1)=0.综上所述,当x ∈[-1,1]时,f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧-2x 4x +1,x ∈(-1,0),2x 4x+1,x ∈(0,1),0,x ∈{-1,0,1}.(2)证明:当x ∈(0,1)时,f (x )=2x 4x +1=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +12x -1,又2x +12x ≥22x ·12x =2,当且仅当2x =12x ,即x =0时取等号.∵x ∈(0,1),∴2x +12x >2,∴f (x )<12. (3)当λ∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2,52时,1λ∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫25,12,f (x )>1λ,即4x -λ·2x +1<0,设t =2x ∈(1,2),不等式变为t 2-λt +1<0,∵λ∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2,52,∴Δ=λ2-4>0, ∴λ-λ2-42<t <λ+λ2-42.令g (λ)=λ-λ2-42,λ∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2,52,g ′(λ)=λ2-4-λ2λ2-4, 又λ2-4<λ,∴g ′(λ)<0, ∴g (λ)在⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2,52上单调递减,∴g ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫52<g (λ)<g (2),即12<λ-λ2-42<1.令h (λ)=λ+λ2-42,h (λ)在⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2,52上单调递增, ∴h (2)<h (λ)<h ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫52,即1<λ+λ2-42<2,∴1<t <λ+λ2-42,即0<x <log 2λ+λ2-42.综上可知,不等式f (x )>1λ的解集是⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,log 2λ+λ2-42. 4.(2022·山东枣庄高三模拟)已知函数f (x )=e x +a e -x ,x ∈R . (1)当a =1时,证明:f (x )为偶函数;(2)若f (x )在[0,+∞)上单调递增,求实数a 的取值范围;(3)若a =1,求实数m 的取值范围,使m [f (2x )+2]≥f (x )+1在R 上恒成立. 解 (1)证明:当a =1时,f (x )=e x +e -x ,定义域(-∞,+∞)关于原点对称,而f (-x )=e -x +e x =f (x ),所以f (x )为偶函数.(2)设x 1,x 2∈[0,+∞)且x 1<x 2, 则f (x 1)-f (x 2)=e x 1+a e -x 1-(e x 2+a e -x 2) =(e x 1-e x 2)(e x 1+x 2-a )e x 1+x 2.因为x 1<x 2,函数y =e x 为增函数, 所以e x 1<e x 2,则e x 1-e x 2<0,又因为f (x )在[0,+∞)上单调递增, 所以f (x 1)<f (x 2),故f (x 1)-f (x 2)<0, 所以e x 1+x 2-a >0恒成立,即a <e x 1+x 2对任意的0≤x 1<x 2恒成立, 所以a ≤1.故实数a 的取值范围为(-∞,1].(3)由(1)(2)知,函数f (x )=e x +e -x 在(-∞,0]上单调递减,在[0,+∞)上单调递增,所以其最小值为f (0)=2,且f (2x )=e 2x +e -2x =(e x +e -x )2-2,设t =e x+e -x,则t ∈[2,+∞),1t ∈⎝ ⎛⎦⎥⎤0,12, 则不等式m [f (2x )+2]≥f (x )+1恒成立, 等价于m ·t 2≥t +1,即m ≥t +1t 2恒成立, 而t +1t 2=1t 2+1t =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1t +122-14,当且仅当1t =12,即t =2时t +1t 2取得最大值34,故m ≥34.因此实数m 的取值范围为⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫34,+∞.。
高三英语语法专题练习习惯法与情景对话(附冠词)一、习惯法与情景对话(Ⅰ)1. -Shall I help you with the cleaning?-No, Tom. I can manage, but .A. it doesn’t matterB. I don’t mindC. it’s my pleasureD. thank you just the same2. -?-Yes, I want some candles for my birthday cake.A. Can you help meB. Excuse meC. Can I help youD. What do you want3. -Sorry for not phoning you.-.A. Never mind. It doesn’t really matterB. Great. Thank youC. I’m sorry to hear thatD. You don’t mean that, surely4. -At lunch time I’d like to have a chat with you.-. Have what with me?A. I apologizeB. PardonC. I seeD. Forgive me5. -Happy birthday to you, Kate!-.A. The same with youB. Thank youC. The same to youD. And you too6. -Shall we meet at 6:00 or at 6:30?-.A. At any timeB. Yes, at 6:30C. Well, either time will doD. Any time is OK7. -I have two tickets for the film, will you go with me?-Yes, .A. it’s pleasureB. with pleasureC. thankD. I shall8. -How long have your parents been in Shanghai?-the end of the war.A. InB. SinceC. ByD. At9. ―?―Yes, this is Mary speaking.A. Are you MaryB. Who are youC. Who’s thatD. Is that Mary speaking10. ―can your mother come back from London?―In two days.A. How oftenB. How soonC. How longD. What time11. ―.―Thank you, I certainly will.A. Happy birthday to youB. Let me help you with your mathsC. Please remember me to your mumD. Don’t forget to post the letter12. ―Congratulations on winning the first prize in the tennis game!―.A. It’s nothing unusualB. The same as youC. I’m just very luckyD. Success belongs to me13. ―Would you do me a favor and give me a ride?―.A. Yes, that’s rightB. No troubleC. Never mindD. With pleasure14. ―?―He is a nice person.A. What is your new teacher likeB. What does your new teacher look likeC. How is your new teacherD. How does your new teacher look15. ―Do you think it’s going to rain this evening?―.A. I hope notB. I don’t thinkC. I don’t hope soD. I don’t believe it16. ―Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.―.A. No thanksB. I’m glad you like itC. Please don’t say soD. No, it’s not so good17. ―Are you satisfied with her answer?―Not at all. It couldn’t have been .A. worseB. so badC. betterD. the worst18. ―We quarreled with the waiter about the bill.―How silly! You the manager.A. should have toldB. would have toldC. could talk toD. must talk to19. ―I’ll go for the new job.―! I hope you will do well.A. Good wishB. Good chanceC. Good jobD. Good luck20. ―Is this raincoat yours?―No, mine there behind the door.A. is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung21. ―Excuse me. Have you been to London recently?―.A. No, I don’tB. Not yetC. Sorry, I can’tD. Never, but I like22. ―I’d like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.―.A. Oh, no. Let’s notB. I’d rather stay at homeC. I’m very sorry, but I have other plansD. Oh, no. That’ll be too much trouble23. ―Will you please go outing with me this Sunday?―, but I have a lot of work to do.A. I’m afraid I can’tB. Yes, I’m glad toC. That’s a good ideaD. Sorry, I’d like to24. ―I’m sorry I broke your mirror.―Oh, really? .A. It’s OK with meB. It doesn’t matterC. Don’t be sorryD. I don’t care25. ―I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s.―.A. Oh, that’s very nice of youB. CongratulationsC. It’s a pleasureD. Oh, I’m glad to hear that26. ―Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine.―. You look well, too.A. GreatB. ThanksC. Oh, noD. Not at all27. ―Are the new rules working?―Yes. book are stolen.A. FewB. MoreC. SomeD. None28. ―Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?―.A. I don’t believeB. I don’t believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe not29. ―Will you please spare me a few minutes right now?―. But I’ll be free this afternoon.A. No, I don’tB. I’m afraid notC. Yes, pleaseD. Yes, I’d love to30. ―Please don’t make a noise.―. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I won’tB. No, I won’tC. No, I willD. Yes, I will31. ―Will you join us in a walk?―Thank you, but . I have something important to do.A. I wouldn’t betterB. I’d not ratherC. I’d better notD. I’d rather not32. Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ?A. do youB. will youC. can youD. could you33. ―Thank you for giving me so much help.―.A. Don’t mention itB. Yes, I should doC. Never mindD. It doesn’t matter34. ―Do you mind my taking this seat?―.A. Yes, sit down pleaseB. No, of course notC. Yes, take it pleaseD. No, you can’t take it35. ―Could you do me the favor to carry the big shelf?―.A. GreatB. With pleasureC. Yes, I couldD. It’s my pleasure36. -Excuse me, could I use your pen for a few minutes, please?-.A. You use it yourselfB. Don’t be politeC. Take it easyD. Help yourself37. ―Would you like to go to Kate’s birthday party?―. But when is it?A. Yes, I doB. Yes, I’d love toC. No, I’m afraid notD. Of course not38. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ?A. won’t weB. doesn’t sheC. don’t weD. shall we39. ―Do you know it is from here to the station?―Yes, it’s about five miles.A. how farB. how longC. how manyD. how much40. ―Do you have a big library?―No, we don’t, at least, not yours.A. the same sizeB. as well asC. bigger thanD. smaller than二、习惯法与情景对话(Ⅱ)1. -Wang Ming’s father passed away.-.A. ReallyB. What a terrible newsC. I’m sorry to hear thatD. Is it true2. ―You don’t mind me smoking here, do you?―.A. No, I really hate smokingB. I’d appreciate it if you didn’tC. No, you can’t smoke hereD. You’d better give up smoking3. ―Will you be able to get a taxi to the theatre?―, sir.A. No necessaryB. No problemC. I’m gladD. That’ll be fine4. ―I expect everything will turn out as you wish.―.A. All rightB. The same to youC. No, thanksD. I’d like to5. ―I wonder if I could go up by lift?―.A. Of course, here you areB. I don’t wonderC. Sorry, it’s out of orderD. Your are welcome6. ―Can I get you a cup of tea?―.A. That’s very kind of youB. With pleasureC. You can, pleaseD. Thank you for the tea7. ―I hear he’s learning to drive.―Yes, but I don’t think he can pass the driving test. ?A. Do you think soB. How about himC. Does heD. How do you like him8. ―I wonder if you would let me have a look at your stamp collection now.―.A. Yes, pleaseB. Yes, please don’tC. No, please doD. No, go ahead9. ―How’s the young man?―.A. He’s handsomeB. He’s a doctorC. He’s much betterD. He’s David10. ―?―No, thanks, but I can do it myself.A. What can I do for youB. What are you going to doC. Can I help you with the houseworkD. Can I go there with you11. -You look very beautiful in that dress. Where did you get it?-.A. It’s none of your businessB. Oh yes. It was very cheapC. Thank you. It’s a presentD. Please don’t mention it12. ―Would you like to come to dinner tonight?―I’d like to, I’m too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but13. ―The music is too loud. Could you please turn down the radio a bit?―A. Sorry, I didn’t know you were reading.B. Don’t trouble. I like music.C. Don’t you think the music is beautiful?D. Oh, it’s an honour for me to do so.14. ―Many thanks for having me in your home for so many days.―.A. The same to youB. Don’t care about itC. It’s my pleasureD. It doesn’t matter15. Don’t all speak at once! .A. Each at one timeB. One by one timeC. One for each timeD. One at a time16. ―?―It depends on what it is.A. How about going shopping with usB. Remember me to your family, will youC. Will you please buy me some postcards thereD. Would you please do me a favor17. ―I’m glad to see you here.―.A. Thank youB. The same to youC. Me, tooD. All the same18. ―Have a nice weekend!A. The same as youB. You, tooC. The same to youD. You have it too19. ―You cooked us a wonderful meal, Mrs Jackson!―.A. Please don’t say soB. I don’t think so myselfC. No, just so-soD. Thank you. I’m glad you enjoyed it20. ―May I speak to Miss Liu, please?―Hold on a moment. Miss Liu! on the phone.A. Someone is looking for youB. Here is a telephone for youC. You’re calledD. You’re wanted21. ―Can you come to Monday or Tuesday?―I’m afraid day is possible.A. eitherB. neitherC. bothD. any22. ―How could you say that?―. I didn’t mean to hurt you.A. That’s all rightB. I won’t regretC. Excuse meD. I’m really sorry23. -You seem to get lost. Need help?-A. Yes, would you please help me with the bag?B. Help me find my key, please.C. Yes, give me a hand, please.D. I am looking for Zhongshan Road.24. ―You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?―. How I wish to go there!A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I haven’tC. No, I haveD. No, I haven’t25. ―I think I’m coming down with a cold.―A. You say that again and again.B. Let’s get something to eat, shall we?C. Well, I suggest you go to have a rest.D. Then you’d better see a doctor.26. ―You couldn’t have chosen any gift better for me.A. Oh, don’t find fault with my giftB. I’m sorry. I’ll give you a better one next time.C. I’m very glad you like it so much.D. You have a gift of music, don’t you?27. ―Nancy is not coming tonight.―But she !A. promisesB. promisedC. will promiseD. had promised28. -.-There’s nothing to worry about. I never liked it anyway.A. I lost my MP3 this morningB. I feel awful. I’ve got a coldC. I feel terrible, but I’ve left your CD somewhereD. I’m sorry, but we don’t have that medicine29. ―Let me introduce myself, I’m Albert.―.A. What a pleasureB. I t’s my pleasureC. Pleased to meet youD. I’m very pleased30. ―Hi, Tracy, you look tired.―I am tired. I the living room all day.A. paintedB. had paintedC. have been paintingD. have painted31. ―I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?―Not at all. .A. I have not timeB. I’d rather notC. I’d like itD. I’d be happy to32. ―Hello. May I speak to Zhao Hua?―Yes. .A. My name’s Zhao HuaB. I’m Zhao HuaC. This is Zhao Hua speakingD. Zhao Hua’s me33. ―Do you know our town at all?―No, this is the first time I here.A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming34. It is nice that you have someone you off.A. seeingB. seenC. seeD. to see35. -.-Very well, thank you, And you?A. Good nightB. How do you doC. How do you like EnglishD. How are you三、冠词1. I ordered book some time ago. book has arrived.A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. 1, The2. Mr Smith is European and his wife is American.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a3. We are going to have x-ray check.A. aB. anC. theD. one4. My sister works in a factory, she goes home once month.A. aB. anC. theD. every5. Her dress was spotlessly clean and well made, but it was which the daughter of a poorman might have worn.A. the kind of dressB. the kind of the dressC. a kind of dressD. a kind of a dress6. He was absent because he had caught .A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy coldD. heavy cold7. He had fall in the dark.A. aB. anC. theD. /8. In winter people often hang up wet clothes near fire.A. /, /B. the, /C. /, aD. the, a9. I didn’t like lunch we had yesterday.A. myB. /C. theD. a10. Mr Li is suffering from a cold in .A. the headB. a headC. headD. his head11. My brother said he bought dictionary week before and dictionarywas help to him.A. a, the, the, aB. a, the, the, /C. a, /, a, /D. the, a, the, a12. The brave boy and honest girl are talking over there.A. aB. thisC. theD. /13. Some people say that British are funny people.A. the, aB. /, theC. the, theD. the, /14. Tom left Shanghai in .A. the summer 1985B. summer 1985C. 1985 the summerD. the summer of 198515. They say that Japanese Language is particularly difficult for European.A. the, anB. /, theC. the, aD. /, a16. children here live most happy life.A. The, theB. The, aC. The, /D. /, the17. The overseas Chinese have great love for motherland.A. a, theirB. /, theirC. /, theD. a, the18. The soldier died during World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a19. We elected him head of the workshop.A. aB. theC. oneD. /20. sun setting in west, I saw bird flying south.A. The, /, theB. The, the, /C. /, /, /D. The, the, the21. singer and dancer has accepted the invitation.A. A, aB. The, theC. The, aD. The, /22. In Marx began to learn Russian.A. the 1870s’B. 1870sC. 1870’sD. the 1870s23. United States of America lies between Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean.A. The, the, theB. /, /, /C. The, /, /D. /, the, the24. Alice is of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tallD. the taller25. Look. They have finished supper. They are still sitting . They are talking.A. at tableB. at the tableC. near the tableD. on the table26. It is know to us that boils at 100℃.A. a waterB. the waterC. watersD. water27. The man was once thrown into prison for robbing the bank.A. aB. anC. theD. /28. Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.A. the, theB. /, /C. the, /D. /, the29. He went hungrily from door to door.A. the, theB. /, /C. the, /D. /, the30. We had wonderful lunch last Saturday.A. aB. oneC. theD. /31. We walked together arm in arm.A. with, anB. an, anC. /, /D. the, the32. Einstein did manage to send Einstein to a technical school.A. /, aB. An, anC. The, /D. /, /33. Mount Tai is in the east of China.A. AB. TheC. /D. That34. The scientist is really Einstein of our time.A. anB. theC. aD. one35. I like history. I am studying history of China.A. the, /B. /, theC. a, /D. /, a36. Tom enjoys playing football while I enjoy music, I can play pianovery well.A. the, the, theB. /, the, theC. /, /, /D. /, /, the37. The lake is at this point.A. deepestB. the deepestC. most deepD. the most deep38. Ronald Reagan was elected of the United States in 1981.A. the presidentB. a presidentC. as presidentD. president39. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated with new achievements and victories.A. National DayB. the National DayC. our National DayD. a National Day40. In 1969, two Americans got to the moon by spaceship, how I wish I could also fly tothe moon in spaceship some day!A. a, aB. /, /C. /, theD. /, a参考答案一、1-5 DCABB 6-10 CBBDB 11-15 CCDAA 16-20 BAADA21-25 BCBBD 26-30 BADBB 31-35 DBABB 36-40 DBDAC二、1-5 CBBBC 6-10 AAACC 11-15 CDACD 16-20 DCCDD21-25 BDDDD 26-30 CBCCC 31-35 DCBDD三、1-5 ACBAA 6-10 CACCA 11-15 DCADC 16-20 BACDB21-25 DDADB 26-30 DDCBA 31-35 CCCAB 36-40 DBDCD。
2014高考英语单项选择精英系列练习题(11)及答案单项选择------专题探究专题探究:wh—ever专题详解:在近几年的高考中.频繁考查wh—ever引导的从句。
要做好此类题目.首先要清楚、wh-ever的用法。
ever常加在what.who,whom.when,where,which,how后面作后缀,使疑问词的语气有所加强,并含有让步含义,分别表示“无论什么”(whatever)、“无论谁(主格)”(whoever)、“无论谁(宾格)”(whomever)、“无论何时”(whe never)、“无论何地”(wherever)、“无论哪个”(whiehev—er)、“无论如何”(jlowever)。
上述关联词主要引导让步状语从句和名词性从句。
下面就从两个方面叙述其用法:1.whatever,whoever,whichever不仅可以引导让步状语从句,还可以引导名词性从句,其词义分别为“凡是……的东西”、“凡是……的人”、“无论哪个……人或物”。
eg:Whatever(No matter what)happens,we'll not change our plan.不管发生什么事,我们决不改变计划。
They succeeded in whatever they undertook.凡是他们承担的事情,他们都办成了。
Whoever(No matter who)you may be,you have no right to do such a thing.不论你是谁,你都无权做这样的事情。
Whoever is more or less advanced can pass this exam.凡是多少有点进步的人都能通过这次考试。
They gave whoever came to the meeting a pen.他们给了每个到会的人一支钢笔。
The quality will be the same whichever of them you choose.它们当中不论你选哪一个质量都一样。
专题十一 等差数列与等比数列一、单选题1.(2021·全国高三专题练习(理))设数列{}n a 满足13a =,26a =,()2*129n n na a n a +++=∈N ,( )A .存在*n ∈N ,n a Q ∈B .存在0p >,使得{}1n n a pa +-是等差数列C .存在*n ∈N,n a =D .存在0p >,使得{}1n n a pa +-是等比数列2.(2021·全国高三专题练习)已知数列{}n a 的各项均为正数,12a =,114n n n na a a a ++-=+,若数列11n n a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬+⎩⎭的前n 项和为5,则n =( ) A .119B .121C .120D .122二、多选题3.(2021·全国高三专题练习)已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且满足1114240,1n n n n a a a a a λλμ++++--==,则下列结论正确的是( )A .若11,2λμ==,则{}n a 是等差数列 B .若11,2λμ==,则数列1n S ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和为1nn + C .若12,2λμ==,则{}1n a +是等比数列 D .若12,2λμ==,则122n n S n +=--第II 卷(非选择题)请点击修改第II 卷的文字说明 三、解答题4.(2021·全国高三专题练习(理))已知正项数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且22111224n n n n n n a a a a a a ----=++(2n ≥),11a =.(1)证明数列{}n a 是等差数列,并求其前n 项和n S .(2)若141n n b S =-,试求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T .5.(2021·浙江温州市·高三二模)已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且2,,n n n S n n ⎧=⎨⎩为奇数为偶数.(1)求23,a a 及通项公式n a ;(2)记1n n n b a a +=+,求数列{}12n n b -⋅的前2n 项的和2n T .6.(2021·全国高三专题练习(文))已知数列{}n a 对任意的*n N ∈都满足312233333nn a a a a n ++++=. (1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (2)令3413431log log n n n b a a -+=,求数列{}n b 的前n 项和为n T .7.(2021·天津河西区·高三一模)已知数列{} n a 是等差数列,{} n b 是递增的等比数列,且11a =,12b =,222b a =,3331b a =-. (1)求数列{} n a 和{} n b 的通项公式;(2)若()()1211 n a n n n c b b +=--,求数列{} n c 的前n 项和n S .8.(2021·浙江宁波市·高三专题练习)在①22n n nS +=;②112n n n a a a +-=-,77428S a ==;③11n n a n a n++=,36S =这三个条件中任选一个补充在下面的问题中,并加解答.问题:设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,___________,若2n nn a a b =,求数列{}n b 的前n 项和.注:如果选择多个条件分别解答,按第一解答计分.9.(2021·全国高三专题练习)数列{}n a 的前n 项之和为n S ,11a =,11n n a pa +=+(p为常数)(1)当1p =时,求数列1n S ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项之和;(2)当2p =时,求证数列{}1n a +是等比数列,并求n S .10.(2021·莆田第二十五中学高二期末)已知{}n a 为等差数列,{}n b 为等比数列,111a b ==,5435()a a a =-,5434()b b b =-.(1)求{}n a 和{}n b 的通项公式;(2)221n n n c a b +=,求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n S .11.(2021·江苏高三专题练习)由整数构成的等差数列{}n a 满足31245,2a a a a ==. (Ⅰ)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(Ⅱ)若数列{}n b 的通项公式为2nn b =,将数列{}n a ,{}n b 的所有项按照“当n 为奇数时,n b 放在前面;当n 为偶数时、n a 放在前面”的要求进行“交叉排列”,得到一个新数列{}n c ,1b ,1a ,2a ,2b ,3b ,3a ,4a ,4b ,……,求数列{}n c 的前43n +项和43n T +.12.(2020·江苏南京市·南京师大附中高三月考)已知数列{}n a 中,11a =,其前n 项的和为n S ,且满足22(2)21nn n S a n S =≥-. (1)求证:数列1n S ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭是等差数列; (2)设1n n b S =,()211n n n n b c b b ++=⋅,求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n T . 13.(2020·江苏宿迁市·宿迁中学)已知各项均为正数的等差数列{}n a 的首项为1,且满足235621a a a =-. (1)求{}n a 的通项公式; (2)数列{}n b 的通项公式为2(1)2n n a n n a b a a +=+,其前n 项和为{}n S ,证明1n S <.14.(2020·天津静海区·高三月考)已知正项数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且n a 和n S 满足:()()2411,2,3n n S a n =+=⋅⋅⋅.(1)求{}n a 的通项公式;(2)设11n n n b a a +=⋅,求{}n b 的前n 项和n T ;(3)在(2)的条件下,对任意*n ∈N ,23n mT >都成立,求整数m 的最大值. 15.(2020·江苏南通市·高三期中)已知等差数列{}n a 的首项为1a ,公差为1(,)d a Z d Z ∈∈,前n 项的和为n S ,且7549,2426S S =<<.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)设数列11n n a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬⋅⎩⎭的前n 项的和为T n ,求T n .16.(2020·陕西西安市·长安一中高二期中(文))正项数列{}n a 满足:2(21)20n n a n a n ---=.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式n a ; (2)令1(1)n nb n a =+,求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T .17.(2021·山东高三专题练习)已知数列{}n a 中10a =,且1210n n a a ---=,()*2,n n N ≥∈.(1)求证:数列{}1n a +为等比数列;(2)设()1n n b n a =+,求数列{}n b 的n 项和n T .18.(2021·全国高三专题练习)数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,已知11a =,()()12123n n n a n S +-=+(1n =,2,3,…). (1)证明:数列21n S n ⎧⎫⎨⎬-⎩⎭是等比数列; (2)求数列{}n S 的前n 项和n T .19.(2020·黑龙江哈尔滨市·哈尔滨三中高三期中(理))数列{}n a 中,12a =,()121n n n a a n++=.(1)求证:数列n a n ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭是等比数列,并求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)设n n n b a n=-,数列{}12nn n b b +的前n 项和为n S .求证:1n S <. 20.(2021·全国)已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,()*112n n a S n =+∈N . (1)求n S ;(2)若21log 2n n n n b a a ⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭,求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T .21.(2020·咸阳市高新一中高三月考(理))已知数列{}n a 是递增的等差数列,23a =,若13181,,a a a a a -+成等比数列. (1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (2)若13n n n b a a +=,数列{}n b 的前n 项和n S ,求n S . 22.(2021·江西新余市·高二其他模拟(理))等比数列{}n a 中,12a =,且2,21a +,3a 成等差数列,(1)求{}n a 的通项公式;(2)数列{}n b 满足122nb n a a a ⋅⋅⋅=,求数列1n b ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和nS .23.(2020·湖南永州市·高三月考)设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,已知11a =,*11()n n a S n N +=+∈.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (2)若n a ,1b ,2b ,,n b ,1n a +组成一个2n +项的等差数列,记其公差为n d ,求数列1n d ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和n T .24.(2020·天津滨海新区·高三其他模拟)已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,()2*n S n n N =∈,数列{}n b 为等比数列,且21a +,41a +分别为数列{}n b 第二项和第三项.(1)求数列{}n a 与数列{}n b 的通项公式;(2)若数列11n n n n n c a b a a +=+,求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n T . 25.(2020·宁夏银川一中高三月考(理))已知数列{}n a 满足114a =,112n n n n a a a a ---=⋅(2n ≥,*n N ∈),0n a ≠ (1)证明数列11n a ⎧⎫-⎨⎬⎩⎭*()n N ∈为等比数列,求出{}n a 的通项公式; (2)数列{}n a 的前项和为n T ,求证:对任意*n N ∈,23n T <. 26.(2020·湖北武汉市·高二期末)已知数列{}n a 满足11a =,13(1)n n na n a +=+,设nn a b n=. (1)求1b ,2b ,3b ;(2)判断数列{}n b 是否为等比数列,说明理由;并求{}n a 的通项公式.27.(2020·重庆高二月考)已知数列{}n a ,{}n b ,n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,214a b =,22n n S a =-,()211n n nb n b n n +-+=+()*n N ∈.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (2)证明n b n ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭为等差数列. (3)若数列{}n c 的通项公式为,2,4n nn n n a b n c a b n 为奇数为偶数⎧-⎪⎪=⎨⎪⎪⎩,令212n n n P c c -=+.n T 为{}n P 的前n 项的和,求n T .28.(2020·河北保定市·高碑店一中高一月考)已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且满足()112n n S a n N *+=∈(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式n a ;(2)设()()113log 1n n b S n N *+=-∈,令12231111nn n Tb b b b b b +=++⋅⋅⋅+,求n T . 29.(2021·湖北荆州市·沙市中学高二期末)已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为()*n S n N ∈,{}n b 的通项公式为3411142,2,11n n b b a a S b ==-=.(Ⅰ)求{}n a 的通项公式;(Ⅱ)求数列{}221n n a b -的前n 项和()*n T n N∈.30.(2020·广东河源市·中山高级中学高二期中)已知等差数列{}n a 满足253,25a S ==. (1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (2)令11n n n b a a +=,求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n S . 31.(2020·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高二开学考试(理))已知数列{}n a 满足12a =,132n n a a +=+.(1)证明{1}n a +是等比数列,并求{}n a 的通项公式;(2)若数列{}n b 满足3log (1)n n b a =+,n T 为数列{}·(1)n n b a +的前n 项和,求n T . 32.(2019·广东湛江市·高二期末(文))已知数列{}n a 是等比数列,首项11a =,公比0q >,其前n 项和为n S ,且11S a +,33S a +,22S a +成等差数列.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (2)若数列{}n b 满足n nnb a =,求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T . 33.(2020·苏州市相城区望亭中学高二月考)已知等差数列{}n a 的公差d 大于0,且满足3655a a =,2716a a +=.数列{}n b 满足231222n b b a b =++1(*)2nn b n -++∈N . (1)求数列{}n a ,{}n b 的通项公式; (2)设121n n n n n a a a c b +++=,求n c 取得最大值时n 的值.34.(2020·湖北荆州市·沙市中学高二期末)已知等差数列{a n }满足a 1+a 4+a 7=0,a 3+a 6+a 9=﹣18,前n 项和为S n . (1)求S 9(2)记b n =|a n |,求数列{b n }的前9项和T 9.35.(2020·福清西山学校高三期中(文))数列{}n a 中,n S 为前n 项和,且*23()n n S na n n N =+∈.(1)求证:{}n a 是等差数列; (2)若25,n a b ==,n T 是{}n b 的前n 项和,求n T .36.(2020·大同市煤矿第四中学校高三期中(理))已知数列{}n a 成等差数列,各项均为正数的数列{}n b 成等比数列,132,8b b ==,且2323a a b -=,3433a a b -=. (1)求数列{}n a 和{}n b 的通项公式; (2)设2211log n n n c a b +=⋅,求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n S .37.(2020·陕西西安市·西安中学高二月考(理))已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且1111,(1,2,3,)2n n a a S n +===.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)设()312log 3n n b a +=时,求数列11n n b b +⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和n T . 38.(2020·湖南长沙市·高二月考)已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,10a =,1n n S a n +=-,*n ∈N .(1)求证:数列{}1n a +是等比数列; (2)设数列{}n b 的前n 项和为n T ,已知1n n n b a =+,若不等式922n nT m a ≥-+对于*n ∈N 恒成立,求实数m 的最大值.39.(2020·长沙市湖南师大第二附属中学有限公司高三月考)已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,数列{}n b 为正项等比数列,且13a =,11b =,3212b S +=,5322a a b -=.(1)求数列{}n a 和{}n b 的通项公式;(2)若2(()n n nn S c b n 为奇数)为偶数⎧⎪=⎨⎪⎩,设{}n c 的前n 项和为n T ,求2n T .40.(2020·江苏省江阴市第一中学高二期中)设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,已知11a =,*13 1 (N )n n S S n +-=∈.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)若数列{}n b 满足:31log n n b a +=,{}n b 的前n 项和为n T ,求12100111T T T +++的值.41.(2020·山西省长治市第二中学校高三月考(理))已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,47a =,525S =,数列{}n b 满足113b =,113n n n b b n++=.(1)求数列{}n a ,{}n b 的通项公式; (2)求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T .42.(2020·武威第六中学高三月考(文))已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且()2*32n n nS n N -=∈,正项等比数列{}n b 满足11b a =,56b a =. (1)求数列{}n a 与{}n b 的通项公式; (2)设n n n c a b =⋅,求数列{}n c 前n 项和n T . 四、填空题43.(2020·通榆县第一中学校高三月考(文))已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且364n n S a =-,若()*11,m k a a m k k N ⋅=≤<∈,则k 的取值集合是__________.44.(2020·桃江县第一中学高三期中)已知函数()1()1f x x -=+,数列{}n a 是正项等比数列,且10111a =,()()()()()32020202112f a f a f f a a f a +⋅⋅⋅++++=________.45.(2020·上海浦东新区·上外浦东附中高二月考)取出数列{},(4)n a n ≥的任意连续四项,若其中奇数项之和,偶数项之和均为同一个常数h (如连续四项1a ,2a ,3a ,4a ,满足1324a a a a h +=+=),则称数列{},(4)n a n ≥为错位等和数列,其中常数h 是公和.若n S 表示{}n a 的前n 项和,有如下命题: (1)若一个等差数列是错位等和数列,则1n a a =;(2)若一个等比数列是错位等和数列,则2n nh S =; (3)若12a a ≠,则错位等和数列一定是最小正周期为4的周期数列; (4)在错位等和数列{}n a 中,5h =,且201320146a a +=,若n 是偶数,则104,4210,4n k n k S k n k -=-⎧=⎨=⎩;其中,真命题的序号是________46.(2020·湖北省武昌实验中学高一月考)数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,已知115a =,且对任意正整数,m n ,都有m n m n a a a +=⋅,若n S t <恒成立,则实数t 的最小值为________.47.(2020·四川攀枝花市·高三月考(文))正项等比数列{}n a 满足1354a a +=,且22a ,412a ,3a 成等差数列,设*1()n n nb a a n N +=∈,则12n b b b ⋅⋅取得最小值时的n 值为_________.48.(2020·安徽省太和第一中学高三月考(理))已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且22n n S a =-,则数列n n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和n T =______.。
热点11 计数原理【命题趋势】计数原理包含排列组合与二项式定理,在高考数学中通常是以选择题的形式呈现.另外在解答题中与统计概率相结合比较普遍.高考中通常难度不是很大,主要考查是排列与组合的先后顺序或者是有条件限制的排列与组合.二项式定理也是高考考查的一个重点,主要考查二项式定理的展开.本专题通过列举排列组合与二项式定理常见的考题类型,总结此些类型题目的解题方法以及易错点,能够让你在高考中遇到计数原理类型的题目能够迎刃而解.【满分技巧】捆绑法:题目中规定相邻的几个元素捆绑成一个组,当作一个大元素参与排列.相离问题插空排:元素相离(即不相邻)问题,可先把无位置要求的几个元素全排列,再把规定的相离的几个元素插入上述几个元素的空位和两端.定序问题缩倍法:在排列问题中限制某几个元素必须保持一定的顺序,可用缩小倍数的方法.标号排位问题分步法:把元素排到指定位置上,可先把某个元素按规定排入,第二步再排另一个元素,如 此继续下去,依次即可完成.有序分配问题逐分法:有序分配问题指把元素分成若干组,可用逐步下量分组法. 对于二项式定理的应用,只要会求对应的常数项以及对应的n 项即可,但是应注意是二项式系数还是系数.【考查题型】选择题【限时检测】(建议用时:35分钟)1.(2021·全国高三专题练习)的展开式中各项的()()()()()234511111x x x x x -----指数之和再减去各项系数乘以各项指数之和的值为()A .0B .C .D .5590120【答案】C【分析】()()()()()234511111x x x x x -----,151413109876521x x x x x x x x x x x =--+++---++-所以,的展开式中各项的指数之和为()()()()()234511111x x x x x -----,15141310987652190++++++++++=展开式中各项系数乘以各项指数之和为,1514131098765210--+++---++=因此,所求结果为.90090-=故选:C.2.(2021·山东高三专题练习)已知若()20121nn n px b b x b x b x -=+++⋅⋅⋅+,则( )123,4b b =-=,p =A .1B .C .D .121314【答案】C【分析】展开式的通项为:,()1n px -()()()11n rr rrrr n n T C px C px -+=⋅⋅-=⋅-故,,解得,.()113nb C p pn =⋅-=-=-()2222142n n n b C p p -=⋅==9n =13p =故选:C.3.(2021·山东高三专题练习)2019年10月17日是我国第6个“扶贫日”,某医院开展扶贫日“送医下乡”医疗义诊活动,现有五名医生被分配到四所不同的乡镇医院中,医生甲被指定分配到医院,医生乙只能分配到医院或医院,医生丙不能分配到医生甲、A A B 乙所在的医院,其他两名医生分配到哪所医院都可以,若每所医院至少分配一名医生,则不同的分配方案共有( )A .18种B .20种C .22种D .24种【答案】B【分析】根据医院A 的情况分两类:第一类:若医院A 只分配1人,则乙必在医院B ,当医院B 只有1人,则共有种不2232C A 同分配方案,当医院B 有2人,则共有种不同分配方案,所以当医院A 只分配1人1222C A 时,共有种不同分配方案;2232C A +122210C A =第二类:若医院A 分配2人,当乙在医院A 时,共有种不同分配方案,当乙不在A 医33A 院,在B 医院时,共有种不同分配方案,所以当医院A 分配2人时,1222C A 共有种不同分配方案;33A +122210C A =共有20种不同分配方案.故选:B4.(2021·全国高三专题练习)某人设计一项单人游戏,规则如下:先将一棋子放在如图所示正方形(边长为2个单位)的顶点处,然后通过掷骰子来确定棋子沿正方ABCD A 形的边按逆时针方向行走了几个单位,如果掷出的点数为,则棋子就按逆()1,2,,6i i =⋅⋅⋅时针方向行走个单位,一直循环下去.则某人抛掷三次骰子后棋子恰好又回到起点处的i A所有不同走法共有( )A .21种B .22种C .25种D .27种【答案】D【分析】由题意,正方形的周长为8,抛掷三次骰子的点数之和为8或16,ABCD ①点数之和为8的情况有:;;;;,排列方法共有1,1,61,2,51,3,42,2,42,3,3种;133113333321C A A C C ++++=②点数之和为16的情况有:;,排列方法共有种.4,6,65,5,611336C C +=所以,抛掷三次骰子后棋子恰好又回到起点处的所有不同走法共有种.A 21627+=故选:D.5.(2021·山东高三专题练习)已知参加某项活动的六名成员排成一排合影留念,且甲乙两人均在丙领导人的同侧,则不同的排法共有( )A .240种B .360种C .480种D .600种【答案】C【解析】:用分类讨论的方法解决.如图中的6个位置,123456①当领导丙在位置1时,不同的排法有种;55120A =②当领导丙在位置2时,不同的排法有种;143472C A =③当领导丙在位置3时,不同的排法有种;2323233348A A A A +=④当领导丙在位置4时,不同的排法有种;2323233348A A A A +=⑤当领导丙在位置5时,不同的排法有种;143472C A =⑥当领导丙在位置1时,不同的排法有种.55120A =由分类加法计数原理可得不同的排法共有480种.故选C .6.(2021·山东高三专题练习)某电视台的一个综艺栏目对六个不同的节目排演出顺序,最前只能排甲或乙,最后不能排甲,则不同的排法共有( )A .240种B .288种C .192种D .216种【答案】D【详解】最前排甲,共有种;最前排乙,最后不能排甲,有种,根55A 120=据加法原理可得,共有种,故选D .7.(2020·全国高三专题练习(理))某节目组决定把《将进酒》《山居秋暝》《望岳》《送杜少府之任蜀州》和另外确定的两首诗词排在后六场做节目开场诗词,并要求《将进酒》与《望岳》相邻,且《将进酒》排在《望岳》的前面,《山居秋暝》与《送杜少府之任蜀州》不相邻,且均不排在最后,则后六场开场诗词的排法有( )A .72种B .48种C .36种D .24种【答案】C【分析】首先可将《将进酒》与《望岳》捆绑在一起和另外确定的两首诗词进行全排列,共有种排法,336A =再将《山居秋暝》与《送杜少府之任蜀州》插排在3个空里(最后一个空不排),共有种排法,236A =则后六场开场诗词的排法有种,6636⨯=故选:C.8.(2020·全国高三专题练习(理))为向国际化大都市目标迈进,某市今年新建三大类重点工程,它们分别是30项基础设施类工程、20项民生类工程和10项产业建设类工程.现有3名民工相互独立地从这60个项目中任选一个项目参与建设,则这3名民工选择的项目所属类别互异的概率是()A .B .C .D .12131416【答案】D【分析】记第名民工选择的项目属于基础设施类、民生类、产业建设类i 分别为事件,,,.i A i B i C 1,2,3i =由题意,事件,,,相互独立,i A i B i C 1,2,3i =则,,,,301()602i P A ==201()603i P B ==101()606i P C ==1,2,3i =故这3名民工选择的项目所属类别互异的概率是.331111()62366i i i P A P A B C ==⨯⨯⨯=故选:D.9.(2020·全国高三专题练习(理))在()()()()()2345111111x x x x x ++++++++++的展开式中,含项的系数是( )2xA .B .1015C .D .2025【答案】C【分析】解法一:中含的项为,中含的项为,中()21x +2x 222C x ()31x +2x 223C x ()41x +含的项为,中含的项为,2x 224C x ()51x +2x 225C x 则含项的系数为.2x 2222234520C C C C +++=故选:C .解法二:由等比数列求和公式知:,()()()()()()6234511111111x x x x x x x+-++++++++++=中含的系数为,原式含项的系数为.()31x + 3x 3620C =∴2x 20故选:C .10.(2020·全国高三专题练习(理))若(1+x +x 2)6=a 0+a 1x +a 2x 2+…+a 12x 12,则a 2+a 4+…+a 12=()A .284B .356C .364D .378【答案】C【分析】令x =1,则a 0+a 1+a 2+…+a 12=36, ①令x =-1,则a 0-a 1+a 2-…+a 12=1, ②①②两式左右分别相加,得2(a 0+a 2+…+a 12)=36+1=730,所以a 0+a 2+…+a 12=365,再令x =0,则a 0=1,所以a 2+a 4+…+a 12=364.故选:C.11.(2020·山西高三月考(理))如图所示的是古希腊数学家阿基米德的墓碑上刻着的一个圆柱,圆柱内有一个内切球,这个球的直径恰好与圆柱的高相等,相传这个图形表达了阿基米德最引以为荣的发现.设圆柱的体积与球的体积之比为,圆柱的表面积与球的表面m 积之比为,则的展开式中的常数项是( )n 621m x nx ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭A .15B .-15C .D .13541354-【答案】A【分析】:设球的半径为,则圆柱的底面半径为,高为,所以圆柱的体积R R 2R ,球的体积,所以.又圆柱的表面23122V R R R ππ=⨯=3243V R π=313223423V R m V R ππ===积为,球的表面积为,所以2212226S R R R R πππ=⨯+=224S R π=,,,展开式的通项21226342S R n S R ππ===1m n =662211m x x nx x ⎛⎫⎛⎫-=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,令,解得,其常数项为.()123161rr rr T C x-+=-1230r -=4r =()42426115C x x ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭故选:A12.(2020·江西吉安市·白鹭洲中学高三期中(理))已知随机变量,且()2~1,X N σ,则的展开式中的系数为( )()()0P X P X a ≤=≥()43221ax x x ⎛⎫+⋅+ ⎪⎝⎭2x A .40B .120C .240D .280【答案】D【分析】根据正态曲线的性质可知,,解得,012a +=⨯2a =的展开式的通项公式为,,()312x +132r r r r T C x +=⋅{}0,1,2,3r ∈的展开式的通项公式为,,422x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭()243814422s s s s s s s s T C x c x -+--++=⋅=⋅{}0,1,2,3,4s ∈令两式展开通项之积的指数为,可得或,x 382r s -+=33r s =⎧⎨=⎩02r s =⎧⎨=⎩∴的展开式中的系数为()432212x x x ⎛+⋅⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭2x ,333300223434222225624280C C C C ⋅⋅⋅+⋅⋅⋅=+=13.(2020·湖南长沙市·高三月考)某单位有6名员工,2020年国庆节期间,决定从6人中留2人值班,另外4人分别去张家界、南岳衡山、凤凰古城、岳阳楼旅游.要求每个景点有1人游览,每个人只游览一个景点,且这6个人中甲、乙不去衡山,则不同的选择方案共有()A .120种B .180种C .240种D .320种【答案】C【分析】以人为对象,分类讨论:甲不值班乙值班:;甲值班乙不值班:;31343372C C A =31343372C C A =甲乙都不值班;;甲乙都值班;.21342372C C A =4424A =故不同的选择方案.72727224240N =+++=故选:C14.(2020·全国高三专题练习(理))中国有十二生肖,又叫十二属相,每一个人的出生年份对应了十二种动物(鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪)中的一种,现有十二生肖的吉祥物各一个,三位同学依次选一个作为礼物,甲同学喜欢牛和马,乙同学喜欢牛、狗和羊,丙同学哪个吉祥物都喜欢,如果让三位同学选取礼物都满意,则选法有( )A .种B .种C .种D .种30506090【答案】B【分析】若同学甲选牛,那么同学乙只能选狗和羊中的一种,丙同学可以从剩下的10种任意选,所以共有1121020C C ⋅=若同学甲选马,那么同学乙能选牛、狗和羊中的一种,丙同学可以从剩下的10种任意选,所以共有1131030C C ⋅=所以共有种203050+=故选B15.(2020·湖北武汉市·华中师大一附中高三其他模拟(理))2020年湖北抗击新冠肺炎期间,全国各地医护人员主动请缨,支援湖北,某地有3名医生、6名护士来到武汉,他们被随机分到3家医院,每家医院1名医生、2名护士,则医生甲和护士乙分到同一家医院的概率为()A .B .C .D .16121813【答案】D【分析】3名医生平均分成3组,有1种分法,6名护士平均分成3组有种分法,226433156156C C A ⨯==3名医生、6名护士分到3家医院,每家医院1名医生、2名护士的分配方法有(种),333315540A A ⨯⨯=医生甲和护士乙分到同一家医院的分配方法有(种),211224532222180C C C A A A ⨯⨯⨯=则医生甲和护士乙分到同一家医院的概率为.18015403=故选:D .16.(2020·全国高三其他模拟(理))公元五世纪,数学家祖冲之估计圆周率的值的范π围是:,为纪念数学家祖冲之在圆周率研究上的成就,3.141592631415927π<< .某教师在讲授概率内容时要求学生从小数点后的6位数字1,4,1,5,9,2中随机选取两个数字做为小数点后的前两位(整数部分3不变),那么得到的数字大于3.14的概率为( )A .B .C .D .15174567【答案】D【分析】由题意从小数点后的6位数字中随机选取两个数字做为小数点后的前两位,可分为以下情况:①选出两个1,共可组成1个数字;②选出一个1,共可组成个不同数字;12428C A ⋅=③没有选出1,共可组成个不同数字;2412A =所以共可组成个不同的数字;181221++=其中小于等于3.14的数字有:3.11、3.12、3.14,共3个,则大于3.14的数字个数为18,故所求概率.186217P ==故选:D.17.(2020·全国高三专题练习(理))某学校实行新课程改革,即除语、数、外三科为必考科目外,还要在理、化、生、史、地、政六科中选择三科作为选考科目.已知某生的高考志愿为某大学环境科学专业,按照该大学上一年高考招生选考科目要求理、化必选,为该生安排课表(上午四节、下午四节,每门课每天至少一节),已知该生某天最后两节为自习课,且数学不排下午第一节,语文、外语不相邻(上午第四节和下午第一节不算相邻),则该生该天课表有( ).A .444种B .1776种C .1440种D .1560种【答案】B【分析】理、化、生、史、地、政六选三,且理、化必选,所以只需在生、史、地、政中四选一,有(种).14C 4=对语文、外语排课进行分类,第1类:语文、外语有一科在下午第一节,则另一科可以安排在上午四节课中的任意一节,剩下的四科可全排列,有(种);114244192C C A =第2类:语文、外语都不在下午第一节,则下午第一节可在除语、数、外三科的另三科中选择,有(种),133C =语文和外语可都安排在上午,即上午第一、三节,上午第一、四节,上午第二、四节3种,也可一科在上午任一节,一科在下午第二节,有(种),14C 4=其他三科可以全排列,有(种).()12332334252C A A +=综上,共有(种).()41922521776⨯+=故选:B18.(2020·全国高三专题练习)函数的导函数为,则的展开261()(=-f x x x ()f x '()f x '式中含项的系数为( )2x A .20B .C .60D .20-60-【答案】D【分析】函数导函数为,()f x 25211()6()(2)f x x x x x '=-+则的展开式的通项公式为,251(x x -251031551()()(1)r r r r r r r T C x C x x --+=-=-令,则,此时含项为,1031r -=3r=x 335(1)10C x x -=-再令,则,此时含项为,1034r -=2r =4x 22445(1)10C x x -=所以含的项为,2x 4221(10210660x x x x x -⨯+⨯⨯=-故含项的系数为,2x 60-故选:.D 19.(2020·湖南郴州市·高三二模(理))中国古代中的“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”合称“六艺”.“礼”,主要指德育;“乐”,主要指美育;“射”和“御”,就是体育和劳动;“书”,指各种历史文化知识;“数”,数学.某校国学社团开展“六艺”课程讲座活动,每艺安排一节,连排六节,一天课程讲座排课有如下要求:“乐”不排在第一节,“射”和“御”两门课程不相邻,则“六艺”课程讲座不同的排课顺序共有( )种.A .408B .120C .156D .240【答案】A【分析】解:根据题意,首先不做任何考虑直接全排列则有(种),66720A =当“乐”排在第一节有(种),55120A =当“射”和“御”两门课程相邻时有(种),2525240A A =当“乐”排在第一节,且“射”和“御”两门课程相邻时有(种),242448A A =则满足“乐”不排在第一节,“射”和“御”两门课程不相邻的排法有(种),72012024048408--+=故选:.A 20.(2020·全国高三专题练习)展开式中的常数项为()6331x x ⎫⎫-⎪⎪⎭⎭A .B .15C .D .6666-15-【答案】C展开式的通项公式为,而61x ⎫-⎪⎭()363216611rrrr r rr T C C x x --+⎛⎫=⋅⋅-=⋅-⋅ ⎪⎝⎭,故要想产生常数项,则或3323323x x x ---=-333122r r -=⇒= ,则所求常数为.33302rr -=⇒=()106621315C C ⨯⨯--⨯=-故选:C.。
超实用高考英语专题复习:专题11-名词性从句专题练习距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
[基础练习】1.单句填空1.You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of _______you think your real interests lie.2.Frank Hurdey, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images,most of_______had never before been published.3.Many young people,most of________were well-educated, beaded for remote regions to chase their dreams.4.Some people think that the great Chinese.scholar Confucius,_________lived roughly from 551B.C to 479 B.C, influenced the development of chopsticks5.________online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.6.It is often the case_______ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.7. We need to get to the root of the problem_______ we can solve it8.We must find out_______Karl is coming, so that we can book a room for him.9.It was believe_______on this day the well was full of dragon eggs which would bring the collectors good harvest.10.For ten years, there was no evidence________this figure existed.11.There's no doubt________ more sleep is a good thing, but just how does more sleep result in better thinking during the day?12.The ideal nap depends on________you want from that nap.13.It is_________is written on the signs inside the bus that matters.II.单句改错1.I was wondering why was the matter when my little brother began to cough loudly.2.Which impresses me most is Miss Zhang's way of teaching.3.The school can even hold a competition to see whom can cook the most delicious food4.They are only concerned that whether they can get high grades.5.How much one enjoys his travelling depends largely on what he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.[巩固练习】单句填空1.[2021 广东四市联考,43]After a typically dry summer, California is heading into ________normally is the most dangerous time for wildfires when fall comes.2.[2021 北京朝阳区期中,19]What we do and________we act affect everyone, not just ourselves.3.[2021 湖北黄冈质量检测,62]___________makes the Harbin festival special are the scale and size of the sculptures and the beautiful lighting.4.[2021 天津河西区期中,14]He did not see the film last night. That is_________he had to help his little sister with her homework.5.[2021江苏南京六校联考,65]Taking a gap year before you move into further education offers you a chance to learn new crafts, and gives you time to reflect on________university is right for you.6.[2020广东深圳二测,68]The syrup(糖浆)finally turned into a solid coating, like the crystal on the surface of haws. That is______ they are also called bingtanghulu.7.[2020陕西五校联考,61]It is expected______over 100,000 people will take part in the massive parade at Beijing's Tian'anmen Square on the morning of Oct 1.8.[2020贵州贵阳四校联考,70]And there you can learn _________people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals.9.[2020山东省实验中学二诊,65]And that's really ________makes the whole journey so much fun.10.[2020山东潍坊期中,60This is_______many people fall short: You should wash your hands for at least 20 seconds.单句改错1. Do not let any failures discourage you forever in your daily life, for you can never tell that close you may be to victory.2.Fear of failure is that prevents people from making great achievements.3. What a dic tionary can meet the users’ needs has been a key to the assessment of the quality of the dictionary.4. Water is a basic resource for all cultures, especially the old cultures in Europe and Asia, so that is because the Access Water project focuses on water.5. Nowadays, more and more parents tend to take the strong wish seriously what more freedom and encouragement should be provided for their children.[拔高练习】Passage1(2020四川仁寿县教考联盟联考改编)It was a hot summer day ___1____found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand. The____2____(close)I got to Sam & Joe's Stationery Store, the more excited I was. After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for a 1l-year-old boy in 1961.Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air ___3_____ instantly cooled me off. I was in a place of pure___4_____(happy).I went directly to the bar and ordered a bottle of soda.There I sat, considering my next move.Books always came first. I picked out five titles. Next came the candy , rows and rows of it.I chose five candy bars, ___5____brought my total to 25 cents.I hurried ___6______ (direct)to my backyard,____7_____an apple tree patiently waited for me. There, siting in the shade against its strong trunk,I read my books and ate my candy.As I sat in my own ___8_____(person)heaven,I started to think about having more. That's _____9_ a fantastic life-changing idea popped into my head: ___10_____I could get more money,I could buy anything I wanted. That's how the idea all started.短文改错(2021 四川成都摸底测试)Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 ,I was stuck at home for a period of time, lived a life Id never experienced. At first,I hated the virus for causing panic. Besides,I gradually became thankful for that I learned. Everyone joined together and fight together, from which I understand what a great nation we live in it. Ialso understand how closely people are connecting That's because we should help each other out in time of difficult. In addition, we should also take step and review our relationship with nature.I believe everyone has leaned something and the reflection will ensure us a better tomorrow and a bright future.参考答案:课前检测:1.what 2.whether 3.where 4.that 5.who 6.what 7.how 8.whoever 9.whether/if 10.that基础练习:单句填空 1.where 2.which 3.whom 4.who 5.while/Though/Though 6.that 7.before 8.when 9.that 10.that 11 .that 12.what 13.what单句改错:1.why-what 2.Which-What 3.whom- who 4.删除that 5.what-who巩固练习单句填空:1.what 2.how 3.what 4.because 5.whether 6.why 7.that 8.how 9.what 10.where单句改错:1.that-how 2.that-what 3.what-whether 4.because-why 5.what-that拔高练习:语法填空:1.that 2.closer 3.that/which 4.happiness 5.which 6.directly 7.where 8.personal 9.when 10.If单位改错:1.lived- living 2.Besides-However 3.that-what 4.fight-fought 5.删除it 6.connecting-connected 7.because-why 8.difficult-difficulty 9.step-steps 10.bright-brighter高考质量提升是一项系统工程,涉及到多个方面、各个维度,关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破,收到事半功倍的效果。
人的尊严与名誉权罗翔①所有的权利一定有其所对应的义务。
权利和义务孰先孰后,这并不是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题。
法国哲学家西蒙娜·薇依提醒我们,义务一定在权利之前,只有在一定的道德义务的基础上才可能衍生出法定的权利。
义务是无条件的,如果义务需要一个基石,那么这个基石也是超验的。
总之,如果没有人自愿承担义务,那么也就不可能产生法律上的权利。
②近代权利理论的形成与道义论(道德义务违反说)有密切的关系。
虽然道义论有不同的分支,但是可以肯定的是,无论是十诫道义论,还是康德的道义论,都对权利理论的形成和发展起着重要的作用。
十诫的禁止做假见证衍生出名誉权的观念。
康德的道义论同样赋予了人性以尊严,人是目的,“每个人都有权要求他的同胞尊重自己,同样他也应当尊重其他每一个人。
人性本身就是一种尊严,由于每个人都不能被他人当作纯粹的工具使用,而必须同时被作为目的看待。
人的尊严就在于此。
正是这样人才能使自己超越世上能被当作纯粹的工具使用的其他动物,同时也超越了任何无生命的事物。
”③名誉权的本质是对他人的尊重,但这并不是没有边界的。
在1964年的“沙利文诉纽约时报”案中,美国联邦最高法院首次确立“实际恶意”规则,并提出了“公共官员”这一概念。
公共官员若对媒体报导提起诽谤诉讼,必须由其承担举证责任,证明媒体出于“实际恶意”。
同时,判决将诽谤行为划为民事侵权行为,从此掀起世界范围内诽谤罪的除罪化运动。
④1967年,美国联邦最高法院将“实际恶意”原则适用范围由“政府官员”扩展到“公众人物”,随后又进一步明确了“公众人物”的涵义,公共职务的候选人、法官、警察、评说员、公立学校的行政官员、社会工作者、国内收入服务署官员和城建监察官都在“公众人物”之列。
而且这一术语还包括选举产生的官员以及大部分虽不是政府雇员但对公共事务行为具有具体责任的职位人员。
⑤在当前的美国,诽谤已经不再是犯罪,并且在民事诽谤诉讼中,“实际恶意”的举证责任也由原告承担,而这种恶意几乎难以证明,因此,对公众人物的批评即使有不实言论,也很难追究。
专题11认识过氧化钠与水、二氧化碳的反应提升练习--高考化学一轮复习微专题一、单选题,共13小题1.(模拟)在封闭容器中,加热等物质的量的NaHCO 3和Na 2O 2的固体混合物,充分反应后,容器中固体剩余物是 A .Na 2CO 3和Na 2O 2 B .NaOH 、Na 2O 2和Na 2CO 3 C .Na 2CO 3和NaOHD .NaOH 和Na 2O 22.(模拟)34mol NaHCO 与1molNa 2O 2混合,在密闭容器内充分加热。
下列说法正确的是A .残留固体的成分为23Na COB .充分加热后容器内的气体为2OC .残留固体的成分为23Na CO 和22Na OD .充分加热后容器内的气体为2O 和2H O3.(2022·全国·高一课时练习)密闭容器中装1mol 3NaHCO 和0.8mol 22Na O 加热充分反应后,容器内残留的固体是 A .0.8mol 23Na CO 和1mol NaOH B .1mol 23Na CO 和0.6mol NaOH C .1.3mol 23Na COD .0.5mol 23Na CO 和1.6mol NaOH4.(模拟)下列说法正确的是(N A 代表阿伏加德罗常数的值)A .Na 2O 2是白色固体,能与水反应生成碱NaOH ,所以Na 2O 2是碱性氧化物B .足量Na 2O 2和标准状况下11.2 L CO 2反应,转移电子数目为N AC .1 mol Na 2O 2中含阴离子的个数为2N AD .Na 2O 2在空气中久置变白,涉及的氧化还原反应中,Na 2O 2既是氧化剂,又是还原剂 5.(模拟)在150℃下,将5.1g 平均相对分子质量为8的由CO 与2H 组成的混合气体充分燃烧后,立即通入足量的22Na O 固体中充分反应,固体的质量增加 A .2.9gB .5.1gC .8gD .13.1g6.(模拟)将1mol 过氧化钠与2mol 碳酸氢钠固体混合,在密闭容器中,120℃充分反应后,排出气体,冷却,有固体残留.下列分析正确的是( ) A .残留固体是2mol Na 2CO 3B .残留固体是 Na 2CO 3和NaOH 的混合物D .排出的气体是1.5mol 氧气7.(模拟)等物质的量的N 2、O 2、CO 2混合气体通过一定量Na 2O 2后,体积变为原体积的8/9(同温同压),这时混合气体中N 2、O 2、CO 2物质的量之比为 A .6: 7: 3 B .3: 3: 2 C .3: 4: 1D .6: 9: 08.(模拟)一定温度下,m g 下列物质在足量的氧气中充分燃烧后,产物与足量的过氧化钠完全反应,过氧化钠增质量加了n g ,且n >m ,符合此要求的物质是 ℃H 2℃CO ℃CO 和H 2的混合物 ℃HCOOH ℃CH 3CHO A .℃℃℃B .℃C .℃D .℃℃℃℃9.(模拟)有CO 2与水蒸气的混合气体2mol ,与足量Na 2O 2固体充分反应后,固体增重17克,混合气体中CO 2与水蒸气的物质的量比是 A .3 :1 B .1:l C .1 :3D .无法计算10.(2022·宁夏·石嘴山市第三中学高三期中)化学从微观层次认识物质,以符号形式描述物质。
Unit 5 The power of nature假如你叫李华,你所生活的城市周围有很多动植物正逐渐减少,对此你向有关部门写一封信,分析出现这种现象的原因,并根据实际情况提出切实可行的几条建议。
以下几个要点需包括在内:1.野生动植物的现状;2.分析许多野生动植物濒临灭绝的原因;3.提供一些保护野生动植物的具体措施。
Dear Sir or Madam,I m writing to give some suggestions to protect the wildlife living in and around our city.As we know,many species of wildlife are in danger of extinction now, because the environment that they are living in has been destroyed greatly.With the development of cities,water and air are seriously polluted, causing their living areas to become smaller and smaller. They not only are lack of food,but also are killed by human beings. These species of wildlife are important part of our life. Personally, more measures should be taken to protect them from being hunted. Firstly, more laws must be made to stop people from cutting down trees. Secondly, all the factories must clean the waste water before it is poured into rivers or lakes. Thirdly,morereserves should be set up so that they can live safely.I hope you will find my suggestions helpful.Yours sincerely,Li Hua1.文章体裁:应用文——书信。
英语练习11II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(A)Sports is both my work and lifeAmong various events organized by our company, the marathon impresses me most. The most unforgettable scene happened in my first year of work, (25) ______ I witnessed a silver-haired man in his 80s walk slowly toward the finishing line accompanied by two nurses. It was at that moment (26) ______ I was deeply moved. I realized (27) ______ marathon spirit stands for --- perseverance, willpower, self-proving and self-breakthrough.I took part in the Nike Women's Half Marathon in Washington DC this year. It was my first half marathon. (28) ______ ______ I passed over the bridge, runners from the opposite direction gave me high fives with an unspoken understanding, allowing me to forget fatigue and regain energy instantly.There were many times when I wanted to quit. But runners around me, as well as the spectators along the road, always encouraged me. In the last 500 meters, (29) ______ (feel) sick in the stomach because of the cold wind, I slowed my pace and intended to walk. A woman shouted at me: "Hey, you are almost there. Come on girl! You're doing a great job." What amazing power (30) ______ words had! I started to run again. And finally I made it.Running is flesh-and-blood and not just mechanical movements. Thus, I can’t help but (31) ______ (become) more considerate about runners when organizing races. I wish to create a far (32) ______ (favorable) running environment, offer better services and help them achieve the results they expect, happily, conveniently and comfortably.(B)Photo hacking: sex crimeOscar winner Jennifer Lawrence, one of dozens of actresses, models and celebrities whose images have been posted online, spoke about the photo hacking scandal for the first time on Tuesday, saying it is a crime and sexual violation.In an interview with Vanity Fair magazine, Lawrence, 24, said she was frightened after the photos was released last month and worried about the impact it would have(33) ______ her career."Just because I'm an actress and public figure, does not mean that I asked for this." Lawrence,(34)______ won a best actress Academy Award, told the magazine. The star said she considered(35)______ (write) an apology but had been in a loving, four-year relationship and realized she had nothing to say sorry for."It's not a scandal," she said. "It's a sexual violation. The law needs to be changed, (36) ______ it?"Lawrence had been dating British actor Nicholas Hoult but the couple are reported (37) ______ (split up) last summer.Photos of Lawrence, model Kate Upton, actress Kirsten Dunst and other women had apparently been hacked from individual iCloud accounts and were uploaded to the image-sharing forum 4chan.The FBI said it was aware of the release of the photos and (38) ______ (address) the matter. Apple Inc admitted that certain celebrity accounts (39) ______ (offend), but the company said none of the cases(40)______ (investigate) were due to any breach (违反) in Apple's systems including iCloud or Find My iPhone.The iCloud system lets users store photos and other content and to access it from any Apple device.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AIn modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, 51 of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the withdrawal from social circles.The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiate a(n) 52 response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others.Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive(破裂的) event, such as moving from one's home town into 53 communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to 54 .There are many different ways used to 55 loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks.During therapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, 56 the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend 57 therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to 58 periodically.Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can 59 feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for 60 with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a 61 effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of 62 loneliness.Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the 63 process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, 64 , it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals 65 creative activities.51. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence52. A. grief B. emotion C. offence D. horror53. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevant D. unfamiliar54. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with55. A. release B. observe C. monitor D. treat56. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing57. A. long-term B. sightseeing C. patient D. group58. A. quit B. evolve C. switch D. exercise59. A. confirm B. protest C. enhance D. ease60. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping61. A. historic B. restorative C. decisive D. permanent62. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducing D. striving63. A. creative B. musical C. artistic D. poetic64. A. however B. therefore C. rather D. otherwise65. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered bySection B(A)Chimpanzees, long considered reluctant to share, apparently can display selfless tendencies, revealing one more key way our closest living relatives are like humans, scientists find. These findings could shed light on the evolution of altruism in humans.Previously, a belief was widely held that human altruism evolved only after humans split from their ape cousins about 6 million years ago. In recent years, however, research has revealed just how much chimpanzees have in common with us. They can hunt with spears, play with dolls and mourn their partners’ death."Most of the earlier studies had presented the apes with a complex implement that helped them deliver food to themselves or others, often so complicated that the experiments tested tool skills rather than social tendencies," De Waal told Live Science. "Ours is the first study that uses no such implement at all."In addition to using complex food-delivery systems, past experiments often placed the chimpanzees so far apart that they might not have realized how their actions benefited others. In these new, simplified experiments, two apes were housed next to each other with a screen through which they could see each other. Then, one chimpanzee had to choose between two differently colored tokens (币) from a bin, one of which represented a pro-social (亲社会的) option, the other a selfish option. The pro-social option would cause both chimpanzees to receive a piece of banana wrapped in paper. The selfish option only rewarded the ape who made the choice.In a study with seven adult female chimps placed into various pairs, the scientists found all the apes showed a definite preference for the pro-social option. "For me, the most important finding is that like us, chimpanzees take into account the needs and wishes of others," researcher Victoria Horner, said.The chimpanzees behaved especially altruistically toward partners who either patiently waited or gently reminded them that they were there by drawing attention to themselves. They were less likely to reward partners who pressured through making a fuss, begging persistently or spitting water at them. This is opposite to a long-standing view that the chimpanzees only share food under pressure.66. The word " altruism " (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.A. selflessnessB. selfishnessC. willingnessD. reluctance67. Recent researches are performed with less complicated implements mainly to ______.A. test chimps’ social tendencies instead of tool skillsB. see whether chimps are willing to share food with othersC. find out if chimps are likely to reward partnersD. show that chimps are only good at using implements68. What can be learned from the passage?A. Chimps are usually unwilling to share.B. Chimps take others’ nee ds and wishes into consideration.C. It is more likely that chimps will reward partners who give them pressure.D. Human altruism evolved only after humans separated from their ape relatives.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Evolution History of Altruism in HumansB. Similarities between Chimps and MankindC. Chimps Do Show Selfless BehaviorD. Chimps Only Share Food under Pressure70. We can learn from the passage that______.A. Grade one students in a high school can apply for the programB. i t’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’s degreeC. graduates are promised to have a chance to work with top biomedical scientistsD. a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wants to go to graduate school71. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirement for application?A. A combined SAT I score of 1400.B. A combined SAT II score of 600 in Math and one science.C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers.D. A letter of recommendation from the principal.72. What's the purpose of this passage?A. To tell the students how to learn well in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.B. To introduce a very famous university ―University of Miami‖.C. To attract excellent high school graduates to apply for the Honors Program.D. To give information on how to contact Director of the Honors Program.73. If an applicant wants more information, he can contact Director of the Honors Program except ______.A. by phoneB. in personC. by e-mailD. by fax(C)Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can lessen someone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.We can’t ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available — because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed.The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so theybred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected that this enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantial ly more PGC-1alpha than at the study’s start.The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that ―you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,‖ said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.74. The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new study hoping toknow______.A. if exercise cushions against depressionB. what can lead to depression in animals and peopleC. if stress can contribute to the development of depressionD. how exerc ise contributes to reducing someone’s risk for depression75. We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute that mice aredepressed except when ______.A. they stand still in placeB. they stop searching for the sugar waterC. they attempt to escape from the cold-water zoneD. they can’t experie nce normal pleasures any longer76. Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequent endurance training inorder to ______.A. know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depressionB. know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or joggingC. confirm the findings above are also relevant to peopleD. ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to ease depressionB. athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary peopleC. the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depressionD. in the past mental health specialists di dn’t know exercise could help reduce depressionI. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.Boredom traditionally has a bad reputation. In 2009, a study of 7,524 civil servants found that those with the highest levels of boredom were nearly 40% more likely to have died by the end of the 25-year trial, compared with those who weren’t bored. ____1_____ The authors speculated that boredom and inactivity might drive people to drink more heavily and smoke –activities not related to longevity.Boredom is often defined as a state of dissatisfaction with the dullness of a situation – usually with a bit of restlessness and fatigue. So it may seem counterintuitive that researchers are suggesting boredom might have benefits, and, indeed, be an evolutionary insurance scheme for making us seek new experiences. A series of studies from the University of Virginia, published in the journal Science in 2014 found that 18 out of 42 students who were left in a room with nothing to do for 15 minutes gave themselves at least one mild shock on the ankle to relieve the boredom. _______2_________So whatever happened to daydreaming? A study from the University of Central Lancashire links a period of boredom with heightened creativity immediately afterwards. It is not the most robust study: 40 people copied numbers from a telephone directory for 15 minutes and then had to come up with different uses for a pair of polystyrene cups. _______3_______Another group, who read the numbers, were even more creative with the cups than those who wrote them out. _____4________1. 你今晚能去参加李教授的讲座吗? (likely)______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 各国科学家正加强合作,寻求节能的有效方法。