必修六第三单元测试
一．单项选择。
1. ____ needs further discussion whether we’ll build a library or not.
A. We
B. He
C. It
D. The thing
2. Although we hadn’t met for twenty years I recognized him ___ I saw him.
A. the moment
B. one moment
C. by the moment
D. for the moment
3. So clever a student ____ that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
A. he was
B. did he
C. was he
D. has he been
4. It was in the village ____ we used to live ___ the accident happened.
A. where; that
B. which; that
C. that; where
D. where; which
5. The old man said the accident ___ careless driving, so a lot of money
___ be paid by the driver.
A. was due to; was due to
B. dued to; was due to
C. is due to; was due to
D. is due to; is due to
6. ____ his being late again, he lost his job and had nothing to do.
A. Owe to
B. Due to
C. In case of
D. Because of
7. You might wonder how it ___ to live without eating for so many months.
A. keeps
B. succeeds
C. manages
D. tries
8. Tom is a good student and he works very hard. _____.
A. So is Jack
B. So it is with Jack
C. It is the same with Jack D Both B and C.
9. If we don't start now, we must risk ____ the train.
A. being missed
B. missing
C. to miss
D. miss
10. Which do you enjoy _____ your spare time, playing computer at home or taking a walk in the park
A. spending
B. to spend
C. having spent
D. to have spent
11. I am not ______ up late.
A. accustomed staying
B. accustomed to staying
C. used to stay
D. addicted to stay
12. The question is ____ for the students to answer.
A. enough easy
B. enough easily
C. easy enough
D. easily enough
13. ____ is no good ____ without doing anything.
A. This; talking
B. It; to talk
C. It; talking
D. That; to talk
14. ---How often do you eat out
--- ___, but usually once a week.
A. Have no idea
B. It depends
C. As usual
D. Generally speaking
15. ---How do you spend your spare time
---I ____ playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park.
A. feel like
B. expect
C. want
D. would like
16. ---David has made great progress recently.
--- _____, and _____.
A. So he has; so you have
B. So he has; so have you
C. So has he; so have you
D. So has he; so you have
17. Why would a young life risk ____ to smuggle heroin into the country
A. to shoot
B. to be shot
C. being shot
D. shooting
18. ____ bad-tempered at times, he is still respected by all the students.
A. In spite of
B. Though
C. Until
D. Despite
19. Some animals will not attack human being if they ____ undisturbed.
A. leave
B. are left
C. have left
D. left
20. A normal young child gains great pleasures when ____ he does pleases
her mother.
A. that
B. if
C. as
D. what
二完形填空
I knew I could sing but now I had to prove it. I don’t care what life gives me; I’ll 36 it. It was my ninth time 37 in front of a music executive to try to get a record deal. The first eight interviews had 38 cold refusals (拒绝).
When I found out the 39 was at 6 a.m., I went a little crazy, for I had to get up very early in order to get to the audition (试唱) room on time. This 40 audition was at the office of Sony Music’s president, John Grady. 41 to sing songs for a man behind a desk, I was 42 . It’s very hard to let someone 43 whether you’re worthy of a commercial career in 10 minutes. But, in this business, it was something I had to do.
I grew up in a rural area. 44 farming, there wasn’t much of a local economy. If one wanted new horizons, he had to learn a(n) 45 that could take him out of there. That’s how I 46 my singing. I took up singing at an early age. When I was 15, I made money from singing. That was a huge 47 for me.
It was in the middle of my singing that John Grady didn’t appear
48 at all. About halfway through, I saw him write something down. From where
I stood, I cou ld 49 see him write the letter 'n’, 50 by the letter 'o’. I guessed he wouldn’t 51 me.
As we said good-bye, Grady gave me the 52 . Though my hands were 53 , I found the 54 to read the note. It didn’t say, "No." It said, "Now." Just then, I knew that my 55 of becoming a professional musician was starting to come true.
36. A. handle B. instruct C. demand D. afford
37. A. recognizing B. accessing C. appearing D. declaring
38. A. resulted from B. led to C. turned down D. made up
39. A. appointment B. information C. adjustment D. prediction
40. A. particular B. simple C. regretful D. familiar
41. A. Permitted B. Failing C. Welcomed D. Waiting
42. A. excited B. Nervous C. amazed D. Curious
43. A. finish B. judge C. possess D. persuade
44. A. Apart from B. Because of C. Instead of D. In case of
45. A. experience B. subject C. skill D. trick
46. A. viewed B. questioned C. required D. practiced
47. A. benefit B. process C. defeat D. step
48. A. interested B. concerned C. astonished D. puzzled
49. A. angrily B. clearly C. absolutely D. hardly
50. A. provided B. supported C. improved D. followed
51. A. appreciate B. understand C. trust D. refuse
52. A. record B. note C. chance D. promise
53. A. waving B. removing C. shaking D. Moving
54. A. courage B. patience C. imagination D. determination
55. A. performance B. dream C. preference D. tendency
第三部分阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
A disabled woman said employees at a McDonald’s refused to serve her when she wanted to use her foot to get the bags of food at a takeout window.
Dawn Larson was born with a disease and has small hands that cannot reach to her shoulders. She has adapted to using her feet to deal with many daily activities by herself.
"I fed my baby with my feet. Nobody ever taught me how to do it;
I just did it," Larson said. "I can ride a bike. I can swim. These hadn’t been problems in my life at all. It didn’t stop me from having four boys. I have never dropped any of them."
In a lawsuit(诉讼), she charged employees at two different McDonald’s restaurants in Rockford with s tepping back when she tried to take her food using her foot.
In both cases, employees finally agreed to give Larson’s food to other people in her vehicle(交通工具), including her son and a friend. Both times, cashiers at different windows took her credit card from her foot without any problem.
"I felt discriminated(受歧视的) against and embarrassed," Larson said. "All I wanted was the food I had paid for with my money. I just wanted to feed my kids."
"We care very much about our customers and take this matter seriously," said Taylor, owner of the two restaurants. "We do our best to serve our customers with great care and respect. We have strict rules forbidding any forms of discrimination in our restaurants."
56. What is the passage mainly about
A. A woman’s experience at a fast food restaurant.
B. A quarrel between a disabled woman and two restaurants.
C. A case between a disabled customer and fast food restaurants.
D. A disabled woman’s pursuit for equality and justice.
57. Which of the following is TRUE about Dawn Larson
A. She leads a difficult life because of her disability.
B. She can deal with her daily life on her own.
C. She has had many different jobs to support her family.
D. She charged employees with tricking her before her sons.
58. Why did Dawn Larson feel embarrassed at the McDonald’s restaurant
A. She was laughed at by other customers.
B. She was unable to take her food using her foot.
C. The employees refused her when she used her foot to get food.
D. The employees refused to take money from her foot.
59. You may read the passage in a _______.
A. fashion magazine
B. consumer-focused newspaper
C. high school textbook
D. research report
B
Everybody feels anxious at times. We lose interest in enjoyable activities, or get stressed, but when it continues for a long time or affects our daily activities, it may be serious.
Stress is the body’s response to any demand or pressure. These demands are called stressors. When stressors in your life are constant, it can
influence your mental and physical health.
Anxiety (焦虑) is a normal reaction to stress. It helps you deal with a tense situation. However, if you cannot shake unnecessary worries, or if the feelings are strong enough to make you want to avoid everyday activities, you may have an anxiety disorder.
Depression (沮丧) is very different from casual upsets. About million Americans experience depressive disorders that affect their lives. Depression starts between the ages of 15 and 30. There are different types of depressive disorders, each with its own symptoms and treatment choices. The good news is that depression can be treated, and people can recover. The following suggestions are some steps that you can take.
●__________Regular physical activity improves one’s mood, helps relieve depression and increases one’s feelings of well-being. Try going for a walk, dancing, or riding a bike. Ask a friend to exercise with you if you need to be motivated (激励).
●Try to find out why you feel depressive.
Find out what may be causing your stress. Determine what steps you can take to reduce stressors, such as changing schedules and setting realistic goals for yourself.
●Talk to someone.
Talk to someone you can trust, such as a parent, doctor, friend, or teacher. Some people find that sharing their feelings with someone they trust and who recognizes what they are going through helps them feel better.
●Visit a health center, and discus s concerns with a health professional.
If the health professional advises treatment, follow his or her instructions. Watch out for side effects, and attend follow-up appointments to assess improvement. If you don’t feel any better after 4-6 weeks, tell your health professional.
60. According to the passage, depression ______.
A. is the body’s response to pressure
B. is a normal reaction to stress
C. is a kind of casual upset
D. usually starts between 15 and 30
61. What’s the best title for the first step in treating depression
A. Stay active.
B. Change your feelings.
C. Exercise with friends.
D. Get motivated.
62. When discussing problems with a professional, you should ______.
A. share your feelings with him or her so that you can feel better
B. follow his or her instructions to avoid the side effects
C. visit him or her frequently to check if you’re getting better
D. visit another one if you don’t feel better after 4-6 weeks
63. What can be inferred from the passage？
A. Stressors will influence your mental and physical health.
B. Anxiety prevents you from dealing with tense situations.
C. There’re 15 million Americans that experience depression.
D. Different kinds of depressive disorders have different symptoms.
C
Every day, all across the nation, as many as one in four children refuse to go to school. The reasons are various. "School Refusal", formerly known as "School Phobia", is an actual anxiety-based disorder. Many children are vague about their complaints and unable to be sure what is making them anxious, so it is sometimes regarded as typical childhood willfulness. However, the effects of constant school refusal can be far-reaching for your child’s education.
So, where is the line between what’s normal and what’s not "You need to look at whether it is affecting the child or the family’s daily functioning," explains Christopher Kearney, . In other words, if a child’s grades are suffering from frequent absences o r a parent’s job is disturbed, it is time to look closely at the issue. Parents should listen carefully to children who say they can’t go to school because of "untestable things", such as stomachaches or headaches. While these complaints alone don’t necess arily indicate school refusal, there may be deeper problems if combined with general complaints about school, talks of threats at school and so on.
There are different kinds of behavior in school refusal. Some children are influenced by their friends who skip school to hang out with their friends, showing a sense of rebellion (叛逆). Some children cling to their mother’s leg, screaming at the thought of having to enter the school building.
However, that doesn’t mean that getting a child back into t he classroom is impossible. According to Maryann Roth, a school psychologist and guidance counselor (顾问), parents should attempt to make the child get back to school, no matter how hard it is. Working closely with school officials and possibly a specialist to create a plan is a necessary step.
64. The underlined word "vague"(Paragraph 1) is close in meaning to _________.
A. irregular
B. unclear
C. indifferent
D. unusual
65. According to Paragraph 2, the real reason of "School Refusal" may
be that the children ______.
A. are suffering from illness
B. are afraid of endless tests
C. want to stay with their parents
D. feel bored and unsafe at school
66. When facing "School Refusal" of their children, parents should _______.
A. take the problem seriously if their daily life is disturbed
B. discuss the seriousness of the problem with their children
C. take their children to see the doctor immediately
D. keep their children away from their rebellious friends
67. The passage intends to ___________.
A. explain that "School Refusal" is a symptom of an illness
B. explain the phenomenon of "School Refusal" and how to treat it
C. remind parents to take good care of their children
D. explain that "School Refusal" is normal and not serious
D
If you love adventure and excitement, then Hunter’s best-selling Warriors series is for you. The fantasy books follow four cat clans(部落) as they try to survive in the wilderness. In the newest book, Thunder Clan warrior Ash fur has been mysteriously murdered. This sets three warrior cats named Holly leaf, Lion blaze and Jay feather on a journey to find the killer.
The three friends must deal with other problems, too. Jay feather is searching for his parents, but he must struggle against many lies to find them. Holly leaf encounters her own obstacles when her clan refuses to follow the warrior rule. And Lion blaze discovers some unbelievable secrets. Besides, the cats face many dangers and the chance that another warrior will disappear forever.
"Hunter" is really a pen name for Victoria Holmes and two other authors, Kate Cary and Cherith Baldry. They chose Hunter to cover the three of them because of Red wall, a very successful book written by Brian Jacques. It is a similar animal fantasy about rats and mice. Because Warriors was going to fit into that bracket (级别), they wanted their books to go into the bookshelves next to his. So they needed a name alphabetically (按字母排序地) that would be close to Jacques. Hunter fits perfectly.
"My favorite character is Jay feather. You never know if he is on the side of the angels or not. He’s got a quite dark side about him. In terms of the cat that I would like to be my best friend, that would be Cinder pelt. She is so cool. She has a great sense of humor and she is a good medicine cat. Even if she isn’t a warrior, she tries to make the best of her destiny. I really admire that in her," said Victoria Holmes, one of the authors.
68. The three warrior cats go on a journey mainly to _____.
A. survive in the wilderness
B. protect another warrior from disappearing
C. find the killer that murdered Ash fur
D. look for some adventure and excitement
69. From the second paragraph, we can learn that _____.
A. Jay feather likes to tell lies and is unreliable
B. the warrior rule of Holly leaf’s clan is terrible
C. the journey is not easy for the three cats
D. there are lots of unbelievable secrets among the clans
70. The authors chose Hunter as the pen name because _______.
A. the book is about the hunting of cats
B. they all admired the fantasy author Brian Jacques
C. the books should be placed into the bookshelves labeled as "H"
D. they wanted their books to be best-sellers just like Jacques’Redwall
71. Which of the following is NOT true about Cinder pelt
according to Victoria Holmes
A. She has a sense of humor.
B. She is on the side of the angels.
C. She attempts to make the best of her destiny.
D. She is a good medicine cat.
E
If you ask Cheryl McBride about the time she stopped breathing —long enough to make her lips turn blue —she’ll tell you it was good fortune. Really！
Not that she’s fond of near-death experiences. But this one turned her life around.
Cheryl had been feeling anxious, exhausted and headachy. On top of everything, her memory was going. Everyone knows what it’s like when a word or a neighbor’s name won’t come when you try to think of it. What’s worse is that it may make you worry that you’ve got Alzheimer’s disease (早老性痴呆病). But Alzheimer’s is not the only memory robber. There are other factors —yet doctors often fail to diagnose them.
Cheryl, for instance, told her doctor she was concerned about her forgetfulness. She’d just begun caring for her e lderly parents and her doctor thought the problem might be due to stress; he advised her to leave the town on a trip with an old friend.
On the first night in the hotel, Cheryl’s friend, Nina Freed, learned something new about her. "Cheryl snored (打鼾),"she said. "Very loudly. She just snored and snored." But one night, the snoring stopped. "I looked over at Cheryl and she wasn’t breathing," Freed said. "She was very pale and blue around the lips. My heart just dropped, but then she let out a huge snort."
Having heard Nina’s description, Cheryl told the doctor about it. The moment she did, the doctor knew what was causing Cheryl’s problems. "You’re suffocating (呼吸受阻),"said the doctor. "Even in your sleep, your brain is
aware of this emergency. So it interrupts you and starts your breathing again. Those starts and stops deprive (剥夺) you of sleep, which is enough to make you forgetful." Luckily, there’s an effective treatment. "I feel so good now," Cheryl says. "I’ve almost forgotten how bad it us ed to be." 72. Why did Cheryl leave the town on a trip ？ A. She wanted to see her old friend, Nina . She wanted to forget about her trouble. C. She wanted to relax to cure her forgetfulness. D. She wanted to find a good doctor. 73. What caused Cheryl’s forgetfulness ？ A. She lacked sleep because of a health . She had to look after her elderly parents.
C. She was always exhausted and anxious.
D. She had got Alzheimer’s disease.
74. From the passage we can learn that _____.
A. Cheryl knew that she was suffocating when she was asleep
B. Cheryl’s memory -related problem often made her lips turn blue
C. Nina Freed knew that Cheryl often snored when sleeping
D. forgetfulness easily makes people worry about Alzheimer’s disease
75. Which is the right order of the following events ？
a. Cheryl left on a trip.
b. Cheryl began to care for her elderly parents.
c. The doctor found the cause of Cheryl’s forgetfulness.
d. Cheryl’s friend found that Cheryl snored. A. bacd B. dbac C. adcb D. badc 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分) ◆第一节(共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分) My favorite American hero was Sally Rid
e. 76. _______
The reason why she’s special for me is because she 77. _______
is the first woman astronauts. She was born in 1951 78. _______
in Los Angeles, California. She liked to play tennis ；
thus, she didn’t choose it as a career even though she
received a national prize for it. That is because of she
wanted to be astronaut and would never give up 82. _______
her dream. She worked very hard to achieving her 83. _______
goal. In 1978, her dream was finally realized. What 84. _______ wonderful she is! He has set a very good example for me. 85. _______ 第二节作文 假如你是李华，你校学生会正在招募志愿者接待将要在假期来你校访问的美国学生，你希望成为其中一员。请按要求用英文给组织者写一封邮件。内容应包括：
1. 个人情况：年龄、性别、班级
2. 个人条件：英语好、爱好体育、善于交往、乐于助人、熟悉本地情况
注意：1. 词数80左右，开头语已为你写好； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 参考词汇：志愿者—volunteer
36-40 ACBAA 41-45 DBBAC 46-50 ADABD 51-55 ABCAB
56-60 CBCBD 61-65 ACDBD 66-70 ABCCD 71-75 BCADD 76. was 改为is 77. because 改为that 78. astronauts 改为astronaut 79. 正确 80. thus 改为however 81. 去掉of 82. be 后加an 83. achieving 改为achieve 84. What 改为How 85. He 改为She
选修六知识点 -----高二英语备课组 Unit 1 Art 1.achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标without one’s aim 漫无目标的 with the aim of 意在…，以…为目标aim at doing sth /aim to do sth 意欲，力求做某事 be aimed at (doing) sth.目的在于…，旨在… 2.be typical of……是特有的，是典型的… E.g. It’s typical of him to forget. 3.be possessed of sth. 具有（某种品质或特征）be possessed with/by 被…控制 take the possession of sth 占有某物，拿到某物 in possession of /in the possession of 归…所有（用法与in charge of & in the charge of相同） 4.a great deal 大量（a great deal of 修饰不可数名词） 5.make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试做…at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事attempt to do/ at doing sth 尝试做某事 6. on the one hand…on the other hand （般指两个相反或相对的方面）一方面…另一方面 for one thing ..for another thing…常陈述情况一致的两个方面，用于解释原因，表列举 7.be worth doing = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 值得做… be well worth doing sth.（主动表被动）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做… 8.have/lose faith in 对某人信任/失去对某人的信任 9.keep one’s figure 保持身材have a good figure 身材苗条figure out 算出，解决，理解 10. would rather do ..than…= would do …rather than… I would rather go on foot than take a bus.= I would go on foot rather than take a bus. 11. in preference to 优先于have a preference for 更喜欢… 12.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣appeal for 恳求/呼吁… 13 win/earn reputation 赢得名声have a reputation for 以…而闻名. establish reputation 建立名誉 a good /bad reputation 好/坏名声 live up to one’s reputation 名不虚传…不负盛名… 14.动词不定式作后置定语： 1.用在序数词、形容词最高级后. E.g. He is the first to come here. 2.用在被序数词、形容词最高级、next、last、only等修饰的名词后. Eg. The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan. 15.more than + 数词表示“多于，超过”I have taught English more than 15 years. more than + 名词表示“不仅仅”The museum displays more than the visual delights of art. more than + 动词/形容词/副词表示“非常”I’m more than pleased to help you . more than + 句子表示“超过…的能力范围”The beauty is more than I can describe. 16. 句型what is known to us all is that…= it is known to us all that …= As is known to us all, … 17. 短语：It was evident that…很显然…It is predicted that …据预测…concentrate..on 集中，全神贯注于in perspective 用透视画法by coincidence 巧合地break away from 挣脱，脱离scores of 许多.in the flesh 活着的，亲自，本人 every two years= every second year = every other year 每2年be allergic to 对…过敏 be well worth a visit 很值得参观to be specific 具体地说be specific to 特有的；独特的attitude to/towards 对…的态度convince sb of sth /that…使某人相信… Unit 2 Poems 1．convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物convey sb/sth from A to B把…从A地运送到B地2.take one’s time 不急，慢慢来take sth seriously 认真对待某事 take sth for granted 认为…理所应当 3.run out of 用完了…表示主动意义，run out …用完了，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等We are running out of the money. = The money is running out. (钱快要用完了) 4.be made up of=be composed of =consist of由……组成
外研版高中英语选修六1-6单元知识点归纳 Module 1 【词条1】lack 【点拨】lack动词, 意为"缺乏,没有"。如: He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence. What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm. 【拓展】 1. lack的常用短语有:be lacking"欠缺,缺乏"；be lacking in"缺乏(某种品质、特点等)"；lack (for) nothing"应有尽有"。如: Money for the project is still lacking. I think the film is lacking in pace. They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing. 2. lack还可作名词,常与of连用,意为"缺乏,没有"。for lack of "因为缺乏……"。如: The work had to be stopped for lack of funds. The flowers withered for lack of water. 【词条2】reply 【点拨】名词,意为"回答,答复",常与介词to 连用。如: Is it a reply to the first or the second letter? To my anger, she made no reply to my question. 其常用在短语in reply to中,意为"作为对……的回答,回复"。如: What did he do in reply to your challenge? 【拓展】reply也可作动词,意为"回答,答复",reply (to ... / that ...) 。如: The teacher gave me no chance to reply to her question. Lily replied that she knew nothing about it. 【词条3】apology 【点拨】apology名词,意为"道歉,歉意",常用于短语:offer / make an apology to sb."向某人道歉", accept an apology"接受道歉"。如: It’s impolite of you to leave without a word of apology. In my judgment, we should accept their apology. You’d better make an apology for your absence. 【拓展】其动词形式为apologize,意为"道歉,表示歉意",常用短语为: apologize to sb.(for sth.)"(因某事)向某人道歉"。如: I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day. I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did. 经典短语透视 【短语1】think of 【点拨】think of可意为"想起,想出"。如: The photo made me think of my child-hood. It was Tom who thought of the good plan.
ban doing sth. /ban…from sth./doing sth.禁止做某事 a ban on 关于……的禁令 put a ban on….发布禁令 一、词汇变形 Book6 Unit3 A healthy life 词汇导学案 1. use(n./v.)---abuse(n./v.)滥用 2. fit(adj.)---fitness(n.)健康---unfit(adj.) 3.stress(n.)---stressful(adj.)---stressed(adj.) 4. addicted(adj.)---addiction(n.) 上瘾 5. automatic(adj.)---automatically(adv.)自动的 6.mental(adj.)---mentally(adv.)精神上的 7. effect(n.)---effective(adj.)---effectively(adv.) 8. normal(adj.)正常的---abnormal(adj.) 9. breath(n.)---breathe(v.)---breathless(adj.) 10. strong(adj.)---strength(n.)---strengthen(v.) 11. resolve(n.)---resolution(n.)解决，决心 12. relax(v.)---relaxed/relaxing(adj.) ---relaxation(n.)放松，消遣 13.desperate(adj.)---desperately(adv.)绝望地二、重点单词 1. abuse v&n 滥用; 虐待; 辱骂 14. chemistry(n.)---chemist(n.)药剂师，化学家 15. disappoint(v.)--- disappointment(n.)失望 ---disappointed/disappointing(adj.)失望的16.weak(adj.)--weakness(n.)---weaken(v.)削弱17.ashamed(adj.)羞愧的--shame(n.)羞愧，遗憾 -shameless(adj.)无耻的--shameful(adj.)可耻的18.illegal(adj.)-legal(adj.)合法的--legally(adv.) 19.rob(v.)---robber(n.)---robbery(n.)抢劫20.slip(v.)---slippery(adj.)滑的 21. survive(v.)幸存---survival(n.)--survivor(n.) 22. inject(v.)---injection(n.)注射 23. judge(v.)---judgement(n.)判断 24. embarrass(v.)---embarrassed/embarrassing ---embarrassment(n.)尴尬 v n 滥用 abuse one’s power ____ abuse one’s trust /confidence ___ abuse alcohol/drugs__ the abuse of power____ _ alcohol/drug abuse ___ 虐待 abuse children___ _ child abuse____ _ 辱骂 (un) scream abuse___ _ 2. ban n.&v.禁止；取缔；禁令(say officially that sth is not allowed ) 1) He was banned from ____ _(drive) for 6 months. 2) He started a campaign to ban ____ _ _(smoke) in public places. 3)Our government has put a ban _____ plastic bags. 3. s tress n. 压力; 重要性 vt.重读；强调 stressful 产生压力的 stressed 感到压力的 relieve/reduce/ease/ lessen/lighten stress 缓解压力 under stress/pressure 在压力下 stress the importance of 强调...的重要性 place/lay/put stress on sth.着重强调某事 =attach great importance to sth =put emphasis on sth. 1) *The government should organize varieties of activities to___ _(强调 的重要性） protecting and improving human environment. 4. quit 停止（做某事）; 离开 (quit/quitted; quit/quitted) ?离开(工作职位，学校等)；离任 quit school 辍学quit office 离职 quit one’s job ?停止；戒掉 quit doing sth. quit the habit ?迁出；搬离 quit the city 1) You must quit __ (smoke) at once for the benefit of you and your family. 2) Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers _ _______ (quit) before her.
地理——选修六知识点总结 环境保护 1、水体污染（1）成因：①工业废水②农业废水③生活污水的排放④水体富营养化（水华/赤潮）⑤原油泄漏造成海洋污染⑥洋流的扩散作用（2）治理方案：①禁止污水未经处理随意排入江河②建立污水处理厂③政府加强立法保护和执法力度④建立统一管理体制⑤建立有效应急机制，做好清污工作（3）危害：①破坏生态环境②危害人体健康③生物多样性减少④造成水质型缺水⑤农作物减产 2、固体废弃物污染（1）成因：①人口数量大幅增多②近代工业化与城市化发展的结果③农业生产所丢弃（2）治理方案：①进行资源回收利用②提高资源利用率③减少城市垃圾总量④改变垃圾处理方式⑤垃圾分类处理⑥加强立法监督工作（3）危害：①占据大量土地②造成土地资源浪费③污染土壤、大气、水体④危及人体健康 3、大气污染（1）成因：自然：①北方降水少，植被覆盖率低，土地荒漠化严重，大风天气多②火山喷发人为：①工业废气污染②汽车尾气污染③建筑工地增多④矿石燃料的燃烧（2）治理方案：①关闭高污染企业②节约和提高能源利用率③开发利用新能源④控制汽车尾气排放⑤使用清洁能源⑥健全相关法律法规⑦改变能源消费结构⑧开发煤炭脱硫技术（3）
危害：①污染大气②可吸入颗粒物增多，造成雾霾天，危及人体健康③引发酸雨④导致光化学烟雾事件 4、淡水资源短缺（1）成因：自然：①淡水资源总量有限 ②淡水资源陆地分布不均（中国：时空分布不均）人为：①不合理开发利用淡水资源②淡水资源需求大③水体污染（水质型缺水）（2）解决方案：开源：①修筑水库②调节季节降水分布不均③跨流域调水④调节空间降水分布不均⑤合理开发提取地下水⑥废水处理再利用⑦研发海水淡化技术⑧人工降雨节流：①改进灌溉技术②影响工农业生产③破坏生态环境④损害人体健康 ⑤引发国际冲突 5、耕地问题（1）原因：①人口持续增长②土地退化现象严重③非农业用地占用农业用地④不合理灌溉和使用农药造成土壤污染⑤耕地分布不均（2）解决方案：①实行耕地总量不断减少措施②提高土地利用率③提高耕地质量④控制人口数量⑤提高单位亩产⑥合理灌溉使用农药⑦防止非农用地占用耕地⑧合理利用土地资源，防止土地退化（3）土地退化的防治：生物措施：①因地制宜，退耕还林，还草②恢复生态林③营造经济林④加强科学管理工程措施：①修筑水利工程②修筑水土保持工程农牧业措施：①等高耕作②施用有机肥料③适时耕作 6、矿产资源枯竭（1）原因：①人口数量持续增长②工业化，城市化的发展③矿产需求量大④采矿时采富弃贫⑤矿产分
选修六知识点归纳总结 ▲环境问题的表现：资源短缺，环境污染，生态破坏，全球环境变化 ▲环境问题产生的原因：（1）自然原因自然原因引起的环境问题，主要指火山爆发，地震，山崩，泥石流，台风，海啸，寒潮，水旱等自然界固有的自然灾害 （2）人为原因 1.资源的有限性与人类需求的无限性的矛盾（根本性的原因）2．短期经济利益与长远环境效益的矛盾3．局部利益与整体利益的矛盾4．个人行为和大众利益的矛盾 解决当代环境问题的关键是在尽可能短的时期内，控制世界人口的增长，使世界人口稳定在适度的规模 当代环境问题的特点： 1、危害的不可预见性 2、过程的不可逆性 3、规模的全球性 两种不同的环境观: 传统的环境观：人地关系：人地对立，基本观点：征服自然。后果：资源枯竭和环境破坏 新的环境观：天人合一，人地归一，保持平衡与协调。良性方向发展 可持续发展的概念和内涵 （1）概念可持续发展就是既满足当代人的需求，又不对后代人满足其自身需求能力构成危害的发展。它是一个涉及经济、社会、文化技术和自然环境的综合概念。 （2）基本思想①鼓励经济增长；②要保证资源的可持续利用和良好的生态环境；③谋求社会的全面进步。 （3）中国的可持续发展——《中国21世纪议程》 ▲水体富营养化:水体富营养化发生在淡水水体，称为“水华”；发生在海洋，称为“赤潮” 1、形成条件：较为封闭的海湾、湖泊等水体中，由于水体的流动性差，自净能力弱 河道中不的净化作用见课本 2、污染物：氮磷等植物营养元素 3、污染源：工业废水、生活污水、农业废水 4、危害——①水生植物和鱼类死亡②水质变坏③湖泊变沼泽 5、湖泊沼泽化本身是一种自然现象，进程缓慢。人类活动（水体富营养化与围湖造田）加快了这一进程 海洋石油污染 1、污染源：近海石油的开采、加工和运输，海上油轮泄漏 2、污染物：石油 3、危害： 直接危害：油污染能直接导致海鸟、海兽的毛、皮丧失防水和保温性能，或因堵塞呼吸和感觉器官而大量死亡。油膜和油块能粘住大量的鱼卵和幼鱼，并阻碍海藻的光合作用，底栖动物则还要受沉降到海底的石油的影响。 间接危害：石油在氧化分解过程中，因大量消耗水中的溶解氧，也会间接地对生物造成危害 4、常发区域：世界的主要港湾、主要航线附近、海上油井周围 5、怎样清除石油 ①分散：喷洒强效洗涤剂，不宜在近岸或渔场使用 ②沉降：撒粉状石灰，危害海底生物 ③吸收：利用麦秆等吸收石油，静水环境 ④围栏：小面积油污，静水环境 ⑤放任：任其自然分解 ⑥燃烧：油层达2mm，造成大气污染▲水污染的危害：①危害人体健康②降低农作物的产量和质量③影响渔业生产的产量和质量④制约工业的发展⑤加速生态环境的退化和破坏⑥造成经济损失 水污染的防治措施 （1）工业水污染防治对策 1.宏观性控制对策:优化产业结构与工业结构 2.技术性控制对策。如积极推行清洁生产，提高工业用水重复利用率，实行污染物排放总量控制 制度，促进工业废水与城市生活污水的集中 3.管理性控制对策，如完善法律法规，加大执法力度，健全环境监测网络 （2）城市水污染防治对策 1. 将水污染防治纳入城市的总体规划 2.城市废水的防治的防治应遵循集中与分散相结合的原则 3.在缺水地区应积极将城市水污染的防治与城市废水资源化相结合 4.加强城市地表和地下水源的保护 5.大力开发低耗高效废水处理与回用技术 （三）农村水污染防治对策 1.发展节水型农业 2.合理利用化肥和农药 3.加强对畜禽排泄物，乡镇企业废水及村镇生活污水的有效处理 固体废弃物（通常称为垃圾）是指在生产建设、日常生活和其他活动中产生的污染环境的固态、半固态废弃物质 城市垃圾的特点 1、数量大 2、品种多 3、变化大 当代垃圾产生的环境问题 1、自然环境对固体废弃物具有一定的自净能力，例如沙土掩埋、微生物分解等，使垃圾回归土壤 2、传统方式：用垃圾和粪便堆肥，使有机质回归土壤，不会造成环境污染 注意：上述两种方式，不能处理所有的固体废弃物。 3、固体废弃物的危害： ①污染大气②污染水体③污染土壤④占用耕地⑤影响环境卫生⑥危害人体健康 固体废弃物污染防治与综合利用 （一）固体废物减量化 1.对城市固体废物：逐步改变燃料结构，净菜进城、减少垃圾生产量，加强产品的生态设计，推行垃圾分类收集，搞好产品的回收、利用的再循环 2、对工业固体废物：淘汰落后生产工艺，推广清洁生产工艺，发展物质循环利用工艺 （二）固体废物资源化与综合利用 1.物质回收利用，如从废弃物中回收提取有用成分，如纸，重金属等 2.物质转换利用，如废渣生产建筑材料、水泥，进行堆肥，产生农肥，取代某种工业原料等 3.能量转换利用，如能有机废物的焚烧处理回收热量、发电，利用垃圾厌氧消化产生沼气 （三）固体废物的无害化处理处置 影响大气污染扩散和自净的因素： ⑴污染物排放量大小：若排放量小，则易扩散 ⑵气象条件：风速、风向、气温、湿度、云况、辐射等 凡是有利于增大风速、增强湍流的气象条件，都有利于污染物的扩散； 出现逆温天气，大气层异常稳定时，不利于大气污染物的扩散 ⑶地形：盆地、河谷地形，不利于污染物扩散
U3(选修六) Words and expressions 1.abuse n. ○1滥用,妄用；虐待，辱骂○2弊病，陋习vt. 滥用,妄用,虐待 e.g. He abused his power while in office.他在职时滥用权力。Those captives were physically abused.那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残 drug abuse 滥用毒品 child abuse 虐待儿童 abuse one’s position / power滥用职权/权利 abuse a privilege滥用特权 2. stress 1）n. ○1压力; 重音,重读 be under (the) stress (of) 在压力下 suffer from stress遭受压力 the stresses and strains of modern life现代生活的压力和紧张 ○2强调, 重要性 e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language education. 2）vt. 加压力于; 重读; 强调 e.g. He stressed the importance of the task.
3.ban 1）n.禁令,禁止 a ban on sth 2）vt.禁止, 取缔 ban sb. from (doing) sth. 颁布禁令 impose a ban解除禁令 lift a ban e.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags. 4. due to 归因于, 归功于 e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。 be due to do sth定于某时做某事 e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow. 可以被caused by 所代替 The train is due in five minutes.(预定的，预期的） My rent isn’t due till Wednesday.（到期的，立即支付的）In due course 在适当的时候 after due consideration经适当考虑之后 because of “由于”, 较口语化，只作状语 owing to 较正式，须用逗号与主句隔开 thanks to “多亏了” ，多用于正面的意义 as a result of “因为”
选修之6导数及其应用 一、变化率与导数 1.变化率 式子21 21 ()() f x f x x x - - 叫做函数f (x)从x1到x2的平均变化率.记Δx =x2－x1，Δy=f(x2)－ f (x1)，则平均变化率可表示为ΔyΔx. 2.导数定义 函数y= f (x)在x=x0处的瞬时变化率 lim. x y x ?→ ? ? 称为函数y= f (x)在x = x0处的导数，记作f ′(x0)或y′|x = x0，即 00 (+)() '()lim. x f x x f x f x x ?→ ?- = ? （3）(sin x)′=cos x （4）(cos x)′=－sin x （5）(ax)′=ax ln a （6）(ex)′=ex （7） 1 (log)' ln a x x a = （8） 1 (ln)' x x = 2.求导法则 （1）[f(x)±g(x)]′=f′(x)±g′(x) （2）[f(x)·g(x) ]′=f′(x)g(x)+f(x)g′(x) （3）f(x)g(x)′=f′(x)g(x)－f(x)g′(x) [g(x) ]2 （4）[Cf(x) ]′=Cf′(x)（C为常数）
3.复合函数的导数（理科） （1）复合函数：对于两个函数y = f (u )和u = g (x )，如果通过变量u ，y 可以表示成x 的函数，那么称这个函数为函数y ＝ f (u )和u = g (x )的复合函数，记作y = f (g (x ))． （2）复合函数求导法则： '''x u x y y u =? 即y 对x 的导数等于y 对u 的导数与u 对x 的导数的乘积． 三、导数的应用 1.单调性与导数 （1）在某个区间(a , b )内，如果f ′(x )≥0，且f ′(x )=0仅在一些孤立点上成立，那么函数y =f (x )在(a , b )内单调递增；如果f ′(x )≤0，且f ′(x )=0仅在一些孤立点上成立，那么函数y =f (x )在(a , b )内单调递减. （2）用导数单调区间：①求f ′(x )；②解不等式f ′(x )≥0，可得f (x )的单调递增区间，解不等式f ′(x )≤0，可得f (x )的单调递减区间（注意定义域）. 注意：上述定理的逆命题不成立. （3）求函数的极值的方法 求函数y = f (x )在区间[a , b ]上的最值的步骤如下： ①解方程f ′(x )=0； ②当f ′(x 0)=0时，如果在x 0附近的左侧f ′(x )＞0，右侧f ′(x )＜0，那么f (x 0)是极大值；如果在x 0附近的左侧f ′(x )<0，右侧f ′(x )>0，那么f (x 0)是极小值． （4）求函数的最值的方法 ①求函数y = f (x )在(a , b )内的极值； ②将函数y = f (x )的各极值与端点处的函数值f (a )，f (b )比较，其中最大的一个是最大值，最小的一个是最小值．
Unit 3 词汇： 1.abuse n．/v.滥用；虐待 drug abuse 吸毒 be badly abused 被虐待 abuse of power 滥用权力 2.stress n. 压力；重音 v. 加压力于；使紧张 lay/put/place stress on 把重点放在??上；强调 under the stress of 为??所迫 stress the importance of 强调??的重要 性 单项填空 Things can easily go wrong when people are under ________. A ． stress B．weight C．load D．strength Some schools _________________( 重视)foreign language education 3.ban v. 禁止；取缔n. 禁令 be banned from doing sth.被禁止做某事 there be a ban on... 禁止；禁令 4. quit v. 停止 (做某事 )；离开 quit doing sth.停止做某事 quit office/one's job离职 quit oneself of sth. ＝ be quit of sth. 摆脱某事 单项填空 He decided to ________ the position after quarreling with the manager. A ． stop B ． block C ． loosen D． quit 5. effect n. 结果；效力 have a good/bad effect on 对??有好 / 坏的 影响 be of no effect 没效果；无用 take effect(法律 )生效； (药 )奏效 bring/put ...into effect 实施 come/go into effect 生效 in effect 事实上；在实施；生效 side effect 副作用 6. desperate adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的 be desperate for 极需要??；极向往?? be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事 dosth. desperately 拼命地做某事in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地；拼命地7. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 be disappointed about/at/in... 对??感到失望 be disappointed to do 做某事失望 be disappointed that... 感到失望?? be disappointing 令人失望的 disappoint sb. 使某人失望 to one's disappointment 令人失望的是 8 ashamed adj. 感到惭愧；羞耻的 be ashamed that... 对??感到羞耻；感到羞愧的是 feel/be ashamed of 对??感到惭愧 feel/be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事 be ashamed of oneself 为自己感到惭愧 It's a shame that...遗憾?? What a shame that...多么??遗憾 (1)She ____________________________ (因考试不及格而感到羞愧)． (2)I________________________( 不好意思 寻求帮助 )． (3)________________( 真是太遗憾了 )that you can’t stay with us. 9.due to 由于??(不置于句首 ) be due to do sth. 预期做某事 be due for sth. 应有；得到 be due to (doing) sth./ sb.归因于(做)某事/某人 1)The meeting_______________________( 预定到 3 点钟才开始 )． (2)His absence_______________________( 因为暴雨)． 10.be/become addicted to 对??有瘾。后接 doing addict oneself to 沉迷于；醉心于 addiction to... 对??上瘾；习惯于 a video game addict 游戏迷 (1)He ______________________( 对毒品已严重上瘾了 )． (2)Kids ________________________( 迷上电脑游戏 )are often upset. 11. be/get/become accustomed to习惯
(2)保护森林（措施）：①坚持以营林为主，合理采伐；②促进珍贵树种的更新；③提高木材的综合利用率（对木材进行深加工，提高附加值）；④加强自然保护区的建设，保护生态环境，开展生态旅游；⑤健全森林保护的法律法规；⑥加强环境教育，提高公民保护意识；⑦加强森林的管理和保护2．草地退化及其防治： (1)我国草地退化原因：A．过度农垦B．过度放牧C．过度樵采，滥挖药材D．鼠害和虫害(主 要是蝗虫)严重E．气候异常等 (2)我国草地保护：实行禁牧、轮牧制度；改变逐水草而居的游牧方式为牲畜舍饲、半舍饲方式；加 强牧场的基本建设；建立饲草料基地；建设“草库伦”等。 3．湿地干涸及其恢复 (1)湿地日益减少：①土壤侵蚀、泥沙淤积；②环境污染造成富营养化；③围湖、围海造田； ④大量引水灌溉和河流的截留改向，使水量减少。 (2)湿地环境效益：天然的蓄水库，能够调节气候、涵养水源、调节径流、蓄洪防旱、降解污染物、 保护生物多样性 保护措施：①建立湿地自然保护区；②发展生态旅游；③加强宣传，提高公民的湿地保护意识； ④加强立法和管理，防治湿地污染；⑤退耕还湿（生态退耕）。
▲2.水污染的防治措施 减少化肥和农药的使用量；建设污水处理厂，工业废水、生活污水经处理后排放；防治石油泄漏。(2016.03洛阳二练)“水华”是水体富营养化的一种特征，水温、光照强度等都会对藻类的水华生物生长繁殖产生影响。 据新华社合肥8 月10 日电，安徽省巢湖市饮 用水源地周边连日来出现明显蓝藻集聚。安徽省环 保厅已两次发出蓝藻水华红色预警，这引发了公众对 于饮用水安全的担忧。 分析7、8 月份巢湖“水华”现象严重的原因。 参考答案：受伏旱影响，7、8 月份高温少雨，盛夏用 水量增加，导致湖水补给量减少（4 分）；流人该湖 的污染水体所占比重大，水体富养化加重（3 分）； 7、8 月份气温高、光照强，水华生物生长繁殖速度快 （3 分）。 考点四固体废弃物污染及其危害 1.城市垃圾的特点：数量大、品种多、变化大。 2．固体废弃物污染的危害 (1)污染途径 （2)危害
期末复习选修六·Unit 3 Ⅰ.单项填空 1．We always consider ________ a great personality that no matter how many sufferings one has experienced，one's original pursuit of love and truth is still not moved. A．it B．This C that D．one 2．________ doesn't matter much whether he'll come to the party. A．This B．It C．That D．What 3．Since our country has so many good table tennis players，we have to ________ the best ones to take part in the game. A rely on B．depend on C．judge on D．decide on 4．Why don't you bring ________ to his attention that you are too busy to go skating with him? A．one B．That C．it D．yourself 5．They couldn't run the ________ of letting an incredible person take charge of the factory. A．risk B．Danger C．chance D．trouble 6．The new survey shows that the number of students ______ computer games has been on the increase in recent years. A．devoted to B．related to C．connected to D．addicted to 7．The old man said the accident happened ________ careless driving，so a large sum of money ________ be paid by the driver. A was due to; was due to B．due to; was due to C．is due to; has due to D．is due to; was due to 8．Some people ________ land because they regard it as a commodity belonging to them. A．employ B．adopt C．abuse D．instruct 9．Jim was ________ to have troubled me with so many questions. A．guilty B．crazy C．miserable D．ashamed 10．When I began to sing，he laughed and made me ________. A．confused B．nervous C．shameful D．embarrassed 11．Accustomed to ________ the steep mountains，he had no difficulty reaching the top. A．climbing B．climb C．having climbed D．have climbed 12．She recommended this product to me so ________ that I was not able to resist her ________ arguments. A．strongly; powerful B．hardly; strong C．greatly; dynamic D．desperately; reliable 13．Her mother ________ the girl to leave the house before she had finished her homework. A．prevented B．banned C．forbade D．prohibited 14．The book on health has ________ on the children as ________ as the old. A．a good effect; good B．a positive effect; well C．a good affect; well D．affect; well 15．In her ________，we shouldn't change our plans. A．ideal B．guesswork C．justice D．judgment Ⅱ.阅读理解 Picking tomatoes For as long as I can remember，Grandma's plentiful tomato garden has been a sign of summer's end.Each September，just as the decreased heat of the sun suggests cooler days，Grandma requests my help in her tomato garden.She convinces me she cannot pick tomatoes without my youthful eyes and quick mind.She says we need to examine each tomato and agree on its readiness for picking.While Grandma's request for my help in the tomato garden is always the same，her desire for my help seems to increase each year. Grandma has eyes for finding even the tomatoes hidden by undergrowth and other tomatoes.I，however，just turn circles looking for the ones I think Grandma will like.I spot what looks like a ripe tomato，head in its direction，and then get sidetracked by another that appears to be equally ripe.I usually end up watching Grandma and trying to stay out of her way，which seems the only way my eyes and mind are useful. There we are，lost in the tomato vines(藤)．Grandma's eyes are always knowing，and they are no different in the vegetable garden.From afar she spots what looks like a ripe tomato.As she walks toward the garden，she evaluates the tomato for a second time，but from a different angle.I already know it will end up in the basket with the pile of others Grandma has carefully chosen.However，Grandma acts as if she needs final look to be sure.She calls me to her side，kneels beside the vine while enjoying the warmth of the fading sunlight on her face，and grasps the tomato in her hand.She turns each round，red ball toward the sunlight before disconnecting it from the vine with a half-hearted smile. She then looks at me.I nod my head and smile.Grandma assumes I smile in agreement with her tomato selection.I know I smile，instead，at her. 1．Why does Grandma ask the author to go to the tomato garden with her? A．He can help pick more tomatoes. B．He can learn the hardship of labor. C．She enjoys staying with him while working. D．She tries to share the happiness of harvest with him. 2．The second paragraph shows that the author ________. A．is an inefficient tomato picker B．really has youthful eyes and quick mind C．has spent a lot of time gardening with Grandma D．is a naughty child trying to be out of Grandma's sight 3．In the last paragraph，the author smiles to Grandma because he ________. A．realized her true intentions B．felt very happy to pick potatoes for her C．confirmed that her choice of tomato is great D．appreciated her skill in finding ripe tomatoes