人教版英语选修六第三单元知识点
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U3(选修六)
Words and expressions
1.abuse n. ○1滥用,妄用；虐待，辱骂 ○2弊病，陋习
vt. 滥用,妄用,虐待
e.g. He abused his power while in office.他在职时滥用权力。
Those captives were physically abused.那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残
drug abuse 滥用毒品
child abuse 虐待儿童
abuse one’s position / power滥用职权/权利
abuse a privilege滥用特权
2. stress
1）n. ○1压力; 重音,重读
be under (the) stress (of) 在压力下
suffer from stress遭受压力
the stresses and strains of modern life现代生活的压力和紧张
○2强调, 重要性
e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language
education.
2）vt. 加压力于; 重读; 强调
e.g. He stressed the importance of the task. 3.ban
1）n.禁令,禁止 a ban on sth
2）vt.禁止, 取缔
ban sb. from (doing) sth. 颁布禁令
impose a ban解除禁令
lift a ban
e.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags.
4. due to 归因于, 归功于
e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。
be due to do sth 定于某时做某事
e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow.
可以被caused by 所代替
The train is due in five minutes.(预定的，预期的）
My rent isn’t due till Wednesday.（到期的，立即支付的）
In due course 在适当的时候
after due consideration经适当考虑之后
because of “由于”, 较口语化，只作状语
owing to 较正式，须用逗号与主句隔开
thanks to “多亏了” ，多用于正面的意义
as a result of “因为” as a result 副短, “因此”
therefore 副词, “因此”
so并列连词, “因此”
because of ,due to , owing to , on account of和 thanks to 的用法比较
这一词都表示“由于”的意思，在使用时应该注意以下区别：
1．because of意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
如：We must not get discouraged because of such a minor
setback．
我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。
2．owing to与because of一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。如：
They decided to cancel the flight，owing to the storm．
由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这个航班。
His death was owing to an accident．他死于一场事故。
3．due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义，作状语时，一般不与其他成分隔开。不用于句首。如：
This accident was due to（owing to）his careless driving．
这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。 He arrived late due to（owing to）the storm．由于暴风雨他来晚了。
Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious
consequences．
由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。
4．on account of与because of，owing to同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，不作定语。如：
He could not come on account of his illness．他因病不能前来。
That was on account of lack of exercise．那是由于缺乏锻炼。
5．thanks to表示“幸亏，多亏”多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语和表语。
如：Thanks to your advice，much trouble was saved．多亏你的建议，减少了许多麻烦。
5.tough
1）The wire is tougher than that. (坚韧的，不易磨损的）
2）You need to be tough enough to survive in the jungle.（坚忍不拔的，吃苦耐劳的）
3） a tough criminal（粗暴的，凶暴的）
4）tough measures to deal with terrorism（强硬的，严厉的）
5）a tough assignment / problem / choice（棘手的，困难的）
6） a tough steak（硬的，老的） 6.fit
1)V.
1.The dress doesn’t fit me.
2.We can’t fit any more chairs into the room.（容纳）
3. be fitted with handles（安装）
4. His ideas did not quite fit in with our aims. 他的想法和我们的目标不完全一致。
(与…相一致，相协调）
2)Adj.
keep fit
be fit for / to do
The book is fit (suitable) for children.
The fresh air is fit to breath.
反义词：
unfit be unfit for / to do
区分fit , suit, match
These shoes don’t fit me. Have you got a larger size? 这鞋我穿不合适。你们有大点的吗？
That haircut suits you. 那种发型很适合你。
The carpets should match the curtains. 地毯应该和窗帘相配。
You can’t match him in his knowledge of wild plants. 在野生植物知识方面，你无法与他相比。
7. addicted adj. “对某某上瘾”, “沉湎于某某”
e.g. My children have become hopelessly addicted to
television. 我的几个孩子都成了电视迷, 简直不可救药了。
构词法：
addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人
addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾
addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
addict常用于下列结构：
addict oneself to sth. 沉溺于某物
be addicted to sth. 专心做某事;上了…..的瘾
be addicted to doing sth.
Eg.The parents felt helpless when they found their son had
____ love stories for long.
A. addicted B. addicted to C. addicted himself D. been
addicted to
8. accustom v.使人习惯于、养成习惯
e.g. She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting
up early. 她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的好习惯。
常用句式：
1) accustom+名词/oneself + to+名
eg.Children are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings.孩子们很快就会适应新环境。
2) be accustomed to +名词
e.g. I am accustomed to walking long distances. 我习惯与长距离步行。
3) get/become/be accustomed to +名词
e.g. You will soon get accustomed to the job. 你将会习惯于这个工作。
同义词组：be / get / become used to
注意:
在英语中, to有时为动词不定式符号, 后跟动词原形; 有时用作介词, 后跟名词、代词、或动名词。下面的这些短语中的to 均为介词。
stick to 坚持 lead to 导致, 通向 pay a
visit to 参观
sentence sb. to 宣判某人 come to 谈到, 涉及 see
to 处理，负责
be up to 总计 devote…to 致力于 get
down to 开始 /着手
be opposed to / object to 反对 be
devoted to 致力于，献身于
be attached to adjust (adapt)… to be
exposed to
