VDSL
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高速数字顾客线(VDSL)技术能在1,500米距离内达到26Mbps旳对称数据率,在更短距离和非对称应用中可以实现更高旳数据率。
其高速率特点可觉得住宅顾客和公司客户提供高速网络连接和汇集业务。
在实现基于VDSL旳连接之前,必须作出如下两项选择。
一方面,必须在以太网络传播模式和异步传播(ATM)模式之间做出选择;另一方面,还必须拟定VDSL采用正交幅度调变(QAM)还是离散多音(DMT)技术。
由于合同旳选择更多地取决于应用需求,因此并不能简朴地作出选择,像区域频谱旳兼容性、噪音容限、成本、互通作业性和相对功耗这样旳因素都必须加以考虑。
尽管既有旳非对称DSL(ADSL)采用了DMT技术,但由于VDSL模型完全不同,因而DMT也不能简朴地无缝移植到VDSL应用中。
为了在QAM和DMT之间作出明智选择,设计工程师必须充足理解两者之间旳特点和差别。
VDSL技术图1中,VDSL在光纤到路边或光纤到大楼应用中作为一种光纤延伸技术,在速率极高旳骨干网与客户端设备和╱或整合接取设备之间起到了桥梁连接作用。
此外,随着在VDSL上提供以太网络应用成为也许,电信厂商在实现全因特网合同架构旳同步,还能在商用LAN或整个校园网同10/40Gb以太广域网络路之间实现互联。
自QAM VDSL技术推出以来,在大部份新安装旳系统和网络中,设备和业务供货商都可以自由地选择传播合同。
在多种合同中以太网络是最常用旳一种,能为终端顾客提供低成本旳互联并实现简朴、强韧旳即插即用VDSL解决方案。
就每条链接而言,基于VDSL上旳以太网络旳实现成本与基于ADSL上旳ATM相称,这使得该技术在新旳应用中引起了广泛关注。
此外,当VDSL作为既有旳基于DSLAM旳系统升级进行配备时,设备供货商和厂商将会觉得ATM传播中较高旳单链路成本是可以接受旳。
因此,传播合同旳选择取决于应用需求,而非技术自身。
正如在ETSI TS 10127002、ANSI T1.424和ITU G.993.1中所定义旳同样,VDSL原则定义了两种可行旳调变技术:单载波调变(QAM)和多载波调变(DMT)。
VDSL 系统仿真PBL实验报告1、P BL问题描述试设计一个完整的VDSL系统物理层传输方案并用MATLAB程序实现,要满足以下指标:1、下行(局端到用户端)速率:20Mbps,上行(用户端到局端)速率:5Mbps;传输距离为500m;在Eb/N0=15dB时实现误比特率Pe<=10的-5次方;2、可用信道频谱:0.318MHz-12MHz(TTU-T G993.1 Annex A Bandplan A);3、双绞线模型采用RLCG模型(ITU-T G993.1 Annex F.3),传输介质为0.4mm PE cable;请给出以下结果:A、系统原理框图,主要参数设定;B、误比特率仿真曲线2、背景介绍2.1 VDSL1994年下半年,VDSL(Very-high.bit.rate Digital Subscriber Line 超高速数字用户环路)的概念开始出现,是对ADSL概念的扩展,它希望实现在普通的短距离的电话铜线上最高以52Mbit/s下行合速率传输数据,’大大高于ADSL(非对称数字用户环路)和Cable Modem(线缆调制解调器),相当于T3的数据传输速率。
这可以大大提高因特网的接入速度,提供本地不同区域网络之间的快速链接,并可用来开展视频信息服务。
此外,VDSL 传输速率、传输距离可变,并且既可以对称传输,又可以非对称传输。
因此,VDSL是DSL家族中最为复杂的技术。
可以说,VDSL技术能满足广大用户高速上网的需要,它充分利用现有的电话线网络,保护了运营商既有的投资,极好地解决了“最后l公里"的网络瓶颈。
现在,VDSL主要采取的技术分为两种:单载波调制和多载波调制。
基于单载波调制的技术有正交幅度调制(QAM)和无载波调幅调相技(CAP);基于多载波调制技术有离散多音频调制技术(DMT)。
VDSL系统采用FDD的方式,频谱划分如下:图1 VDSL 频谱划分2.2 DMTDMT 进行的频域信号处理,需要在线路的每一端进行时域、频域和串行、并行数据流转换,在此之前无法采用任何措施对POTS 铜线上的模拟噪声进行补偿。
ADSL的主要特点DSL(数字用户线路,Digital Subscriber Line)是以铜质电话线为传输介质的传输技术组合,它包括HDSL、SDSL 、VDSL 、ADSL和RADSL等,一般称之为xDSL。
它们主要的区别就是体现在信号传输速度和距离的不同以及上行速率和下行速率对称性的不同这两个方面。
HDSL与SDSL支持对称的T1/E1(1.544Mbps/2.048Mbps)传输。
其中HDSL的有效传输距离为3-4公里,且需要两至四对铜质双绞电话线;SDSL最大有效传输距离为3公里,只需一对铜线。
比较而言,对称DSL更适用于企业点对点连接应用,如文件传输、视频会议等收发数据量大致相应的工作。
同非对称DSL相比,对称DSL的市场要少得多。
VDSL、ADSL和RADSL属于非对称式传输。
其中VDSL技术是xDSL技术中最快的一种,在一对铜质双绞电话线上,上行数据的速率为13到52Mbps,下行数据的速率为1.5到2.3 Mbps,但是VDSL的传输距离只在几百米以内,VDSL可以成为光纤到家庭的具有高性价比的替代方案,目前深圳的VOD(Video on demand)就是采用这种接入技术实现的;ADSL 在一对铜线上支持上行速率640Kbps到1Mbps,下行速率1Mbps到8Mbps,有效传输距离在3-5公里范围以内;RADSL能够提供的速度范围与ADSL基本相同,但它可以根据双绞铜线质量的优劣和传输距离的远近动态地调整用户的访问速度。
正是RADSL的这些特点使RADSL成为用于网上高速冲浪、视频点播(IAV)、远程局域网络(LAN)访问的理想技术,因为在这些应用中用户下载的信息往往比上载的信息(发送指令)要多得多。
据CNNIC(中国国家网络信息中心)统计,截至1997年10月31日,中国上网用户数达62万,其中49.1%的用户认为Internet最令人失望的地方是网上速度太慢,36.2%的用户则认为是上网收费太贵;而截至1998年6月30日,在不到一年的时间里,以上三个统计数字都将近翻了一番,分别是:117.5万,88.9%,61.2%。
VDSL与ADSL技术比较DSL数字用户线路是以铜质电话线为传输介质的传输技术组合,它包括HDSL、SDSL、VDSL、ADSL和RADSL等,一般统称为xDSL.去年在用户接入网炒得沸沸扬扬的ADSL与今年粉墨登场的VDSL是两种比较有前途的DSL技术.一、ADSL的主要特点1. 技术性能分析现存的用户环路主要由UTP非屏蔽双绞线组成.UTP对信号的衰减主要与传输距离和信号的频率有关,如果信号传输超过一定距离,信号的传输质量将难以保证,因此,线路衰减是影响ADSL性能的主要因素.ADSL通过不对称传输,利用频分双工使上、下行信道分开,在信道重合的地方使用回声对消技术,以此来减小串扰的影响,从而实现信号的高速传送.衰减和串扰是决定ADSL性能的两项指标,传输速率越高,它们对信号的影响也越大,因此ADSL的有效传输距离随着传输速率的提高而缩短.在实际应用中,ADSL有选线率的问题,一般的选线率在10%左右.2. 调制技术目前被广泛采用的ADSL调制技术有3种:QAMQuadature Ampli-tudeModulation、CAPCarrierless Amplitude-Phase Modulation 、DMTDiscrete Multitone,其中DMT调制技术被ANSI标准化小组制订的国家标准所采用,但由于此项标准推出时间不长,目前仍有相当数量的ADSL产品采用QAM或CAP调制技术.目前采用的标准有全速标准上行640Kbps/下行6Mbps和标准540Kbps/下行.前者传输速度高,但是对线路要求较高,而且必须使用信号分离器,设备费用昂贵,安装和调试也比较复杂.后者虽然传输速度一般,但是也比Modem和ISDN有很大的提高,对于一般上网已是绰绰有余,费用较低,对线路的适应能力也比较强,不需要额外的信号分离器,安装调试简单.二、VDSL的主要特点ADSL技术在提供图像业务方面的带宽十分有限以及经济上成本偏高,所以,这些缺点成为了ADSL迅速发展的障碍.VDSL技术作为ADSL技术的发展方向之一,是目前较为先进的数字用户线技术,采用该技术可以进一步提高xDSL系统的下行带宽.VDSL技术仍旧在一对铜质双绞线上实现信号传输,不需要铺设新线路或对现有网络进行改造.用户一侧的安装也比较简单,只要用分离器将VDSL信号和话音信号分开,或者在电话前加装滤波器就能够使用.非对称下行数据的速率为~52Mbps,上行数据的速率为~,对称数据的速率为~到26Mbps,传输距离约为300米~1500米.不过,值得注意的是,VDSL技术的传输速率依赖于传输线的长度,所以,上述的数据是相对而言的.由于传输距离的缩短,传输码元之间的干扰会大大减小,它带来的好处是能够大大地简化对数字信号处理要求,而且更加重要的是收发机成本与ADSL系统相比可以大大地降低.因此,对于用户来说,假如采用了质量较好的配线或引入线,那么,将FTTC光纤到路边技术,尤其是APON技术与VDSL技术相结合,作为ONU光网络单元到用户间的配线,通过FTTC 为企业用户和家庭提供宽带接入,这样可以实现设备成本和带宽能力方面的平衡,由此看来,VDSL是一种比较现实理想的宽带混合接入方案.VDSL拓扑结构如图1所示.同时,由于距离短,VDSL技术还能够克服ADSL技术的选线率低、速率不稳定等问题.VDSL技术通常采用CAP、DMT调制方式和离散小波多频调制DWMT技术,其中DWMT采用了小波正交变换,所以性能比DMT更好, 信噪比也得到了较大的提高.目前,受到广泛重视的是将VDSL技术和以太网技术相结合,假如将VDSL技术和以太网技术结合,那么,用户可以同时享受到两种技术的优点,同时也可以避免它们各自的一些缺点.以太网存在以下不足:1. 以太网没有保证端到端性能的机制,不能提供端到端的包延时和包丢失率控制.2. 以太网不能分离网管信息和用户信息,安全性差.3. 以太网没有内置保护功能,实际应用主要靠路由器实施保护.4. 以太网交换机光端口不具备内置的故障定位和性能监视能力.5. 以太网本身不具备防止IP地址盗用的能力,网络的安全性难以保障.6. 以太网交换机的端口是平等的,无法控制用户的上网流量和带宽,难以控制资源的拥塞,也无法实现分等级的用户服务.7. 以太网不能直接区分不同的应用,为不同的应用提供不同的QoS.虽然目前随着以太网技术的发展,这些都在逐步得到改善,但是目前还没有一种能够灵活、简单解决这个问题的方案.然而,VDSL技术从ADSL技术发展而来,因此该技术在网络拓扑的选择上采用星形拓扑结构,为每用户提供固定的、独占的保证带宽,而且完全可以保证用户的安全,所以,采用VDSL技术和以太网技术相结合的方案,可以解决接入用户的数据安全和服务质量的问题.以太网技术本身的优势加上宽带IP接入网发展的需求促进了以太网技术在IP接入网中的应用,所以,采用VDSL技术和以太网技术相结合的方案可以解决IP接入方案的问题,用户也不必重新布放高成本的5类双绞线,仅仅通过VDSL终端适配器,用户就可以接上Internet,通过普通电话线就可以传输高速以太网信号,而且也不用担心转向IP所带来的问题.图2所示的是VDSL技术与以太网技术联合打造的新型接入方案.武汉烽火网络公司生产的S2300系列VDSL交换机使用户在现有电话线路上独立享用固定的独立的带宽,安全地进行数据连接,同时以太网的PPPoE认证、NAT地址变换等功能又将用户带入迷幻的网络世界.不过,VDSL技术目前尚处于发展初期,由于方案的不同也导致了不同的支持者.2000年5月成立的全业务VDSL业务组包括了多家世界级别的通信巨头,它们负责制订国际标准,目前这类标准正在积极的完善当中,可以断言,VDSL技术的前途是非常光明的.三、VDSL的应用和市场VDSL技术完全可以提供传统的xDSL的所有通用业务:1.通过高速数据接入业务功能,用户可以快速地浏览Internet上的信息、收发电子邮件、上传下载文件.2.通过视频点播业务功能,用户可以在线收看影视,收听音乐,同时还可以进行交互式的在线游戏点播.尤其是视像业务功能将是有线电视的强有力的挑战者,因为用户只会选择物美价廉的方案,所以VDSL技术将会是其首选.3.通过家庭办公业务功能,用户可以高速接入公司的内部网络,查阅公司的信息,参加公司内部会议,完成工作.由于上、下行的速率很快,所以用户根本不用担心耽误工作.4.通过远程业务功能,用户可以通过网络接收异地实时教学,医院可以通过网络完成异地医疗会诊,用户也可以通过网络完成购物等.四、VDSL技术与ADSL技术的比较● 数据传输速率VDSL非对称下行数据的速率为~52Mbps,上行数据的速率为~ Mbps,对称数据的速率为~26Mbps.ADSL上行速率为100M~800kbps,下行速率为1kbps~8Mbps.● 选线比由于距离短,VDSL技术还能够克服ADSL技术的选线率低、速率不稳定等问题.● 传输方式VDSL支持对称传输和非对称传输,ADSL仅支持非对称传输.● 工作频带ADSL使用高于3kHz~的频带传输数字信号,VDSL在双绞线上使用更高的频带,从~12MHz.● 兼容业务与ADSL相比,VDSL不仅可以兼容现有的传统话音业务,还可以兼容ISDN业务.烽火网络公司提供计算机世界报第25期 D36、D37。
VDSL技术的基础知识与应用随着科技的不断发展,人们对于网络速度的需求越来越高,而传统的ADSL无法满足大众的需求。
这时候,VDSL技术应运而生。
VDSL是Very-high-bit-rateDigital Subscriber Line(非常高速数码用户线)的缩写,它是一种高速的数字用户线技术,可以提供比ADSL更高的网络带宽和更快的下行速度。
今天,我们来了解一下VDSL技术的基础知识和应用。
一、VDSL技术简介1.1 VDSL技术的原理VDSL技术利用数字电路的传输方式,使用户在电话线上传输数据和语音,是DSL(数字用户线)技术的高速版本。
它的上传速度和下载速度都比ADSL快,尤其是下载速度。
VDSL最大的特点是能够提供两个传输频带,一个是高频带(2.2~30MHz),一个是低频带(25kHz~2.2MHz),为用户提供更高频宽和更多的带宽资源,从而让用户享受更快的网速和更好的网络体验。
1.2 VDSL技术的类型目前,VDSL技术包括两种类型:VDSL和VDSL2。
VDSL是标准的VDSL技术,它采用高频带(12MHz~30MHz)进行数据传输,最大传输距离为300米。
在此传输距离内,用户可以享受高达52Mbps的下载速度和16Mbps的上传速度。
VDSL2比标准VDSL技术更高效,它采用更宽的频带进行数据传输(目前为17MHz),最大传输距离为1.2公里。
在前面300米的传输距离内,用户可以享受高达100Mbps的下载速度和40Mbps的上传速度。
在1.2公里内,用户可以达到30Mbps的下载速度和10Mbps的上传速度。
以上是两种VDSL技术的具体参数,实际上,这些参数会受到各种因素的影响,如电缆长度、电缆质量等。
二、VDSL技术的应用2.1VDSL在家庭网络中的应用VDSL技术可以将广域网(WAN)与局域网(LAN)相连,越来越多的家庭和企业采用VDSL技术搭建数字化网络。
在家庭网络中,VDSL可以提供高速的互联网接入,同时支持多媒体传输、视频监控、在线游戏、视频会议等应用。
Nighthawk ® AC1900 WiFi VDSL/ADSL Modem RouterData SheetD7000WIFI VDSL2/ADSL MODEM ROUTER• Two-in-One—DSL Modem + AC1900 WiFi Router• Auto Detection for Universal DSL Support• Compatible with VDSL, VDSL2, ADSL, ADSL2, & ADSL2+• Gigabit Ethernet WAN port provides universal compatibility with any Internet service• DSL Internet service provider voice/telephone services not supportedSTREAMING & GAMING• Extreme combined WiFi speed—Up to 1900Mbps †• Dual Core processor boostsperformance for gaming & streaming • Uninterrupted video streaming with advanced QoS• Implicit & Explicit Beamforming for whole home HD coverage across all your devices• Find & play stored media on TVs & game consoles via DLNA ® server • Secure remote access to your home network via VPNMOBILE• Beamforming+ boosts speed & range for new and legacy mobile devices• Amplifiers & external antennas increase range for mobile devices throughout your home• Print from an iPad ® or iPhone ®—NETGEAR genie ® makes any printer AirPrint ® compatible• EZ Mobile Connect—Scan QR code on your smartphone to connect to your home network• NETGEAR genie ® provides device-level parental controlsThe NETGEAR Difference - D7000• Beamforming+—Faster, more reliable connections• High-power amplifiers & antennas to extend your WiFi coverage • USB storage access & faster connections using USB port• Gigabit Ethernet WAN port provides universal compatibility with any Internet service• NETGEAR genie App®—Easily manage, monitor, & control your home network from PC, tablet, or smartphoneNighthawk ® AC1900 WiFi VDSL/ADSL Modem RouterData SheetD7000Get the fastest WiFi currently available & enjoy a blazing-fast, lag-free WiFi experience for gaming, video streaming or surfing.SpeedWORLD’S FASTEST WIFI—Up to 600+1300 Mbps †GIGABIT WIFI—Next-generation WiFi now at Gigabit speeds GIGABIT WIRED—Ideal for HD gaming & videoDUAL CORE PROCESSOR—Dual Core processor boosts wireless, wired & WAN-to-LAN performanceWiFi RangeULTIMATE RANGE—WiFi coverage throughout very large homesANTENNAS—High-power amplifiers with 3 external antennasGot range? Homes come in all shapes and sizes and the Nighthawk AC1900 WiFi VDSL/ADSL Modem Router provides WiFi coverage no matter where you connect in your home.With NETGEAR, sharing across your network is fun and easy, anything from accessing stored photos & music to wireless printing. And make sure you keep it safe by using the included ReadySHARE Vault application for backing up Windows-based PCs.SharingDLNA ®—Find & play your media o n DLNA TVs & game consolesREADYSHARE PRINTER—Wirelessly access & share a USB printerREADYS H ARE ® USB ACCESS—Wirelessly access & share USB hard drive & printer via USB portVDSL MODEM—Compatible with VDSL, VDSL2, ADSL,ADSL2, & ADSL2+CABLE OR FIBRE—Also connects to cable modem via Gigabit Ethernet WAN portNighthawk ® AC1900 WiFi VDSL/ADSL Modem RouterData SheetD7000Start enjoying your new device faster than ever. NETGEAR wants to make sure installation and management is simple & easy, so you can connect quickly & make sure you stay that way!Ease Of UseEASY INSTALL—Easy setup for iPad ®, tablets, smartphones & computersPUSH ‘N’ CONNECT —Easy push button WiFi connectionsWIFI & POWER ON/OFF —Convenient power savingsMaintain high security across your network to helpensure your privacy & family is safe while online. Whether it’s preventing phishing & spyware or just limiting access for kids & guests, NETGEAR has you covered. SecurityPARENTAL CONTROLS—Web site filtering for all yourconnected devicesVPN SUPPORT —Secure access to your home network VPNGUEST NETWORK ACCESS—Separate & secure access for guests SECURE WIFI CONNECTIONS—High level wireless security with WPA/WPA2PERSONAL FTP SERVER—Customized free URL to create FTP serverThere’s nothing more frustrating than lost connections! With NETGEAR’s advanced features & best-in-class technology, you’ll reduce interference & enjoy more reliable WiFi connectivity.Reliable ConnectionsSIMULTANEOUS DUAL BAND—Reduces interference for better connections to more WiFi devicesADVANCED QoS—Downstream & upstream QoS automatically recognizes & prioritizes streaming & gaming applications BEAMFORMING+—Boosts speed, reliability, & range of WiFiconnections for 2.4 & 5GHzNETGEAR GENIE ® APP—Personal dashboard to monitor, control & repair your home network. Includes remote access to manage your network away from homeNighthawk® AC1900 WiFi VDSL/ADSL Modem Router Data SheetD7000 NETGEAR genie®—HOME NETWORKING SIMPLIFIEDNETGEAR genie makes getting the most out of your home network fun & easy. NETGEAR genie allows you to easily monitor, connect & control your home network from an iPhone®, iPad® or Android® devices. With NETGEAR genie you can share & stream music or videos, diagnose & repair network issues, set up parental controls & more.• N etwork Map—Allow or block access to your network using real-time map of connected devices• Traffic Meter—Track your Internet data usage• MyMedia®—Find & play media files in your network• EZ Mobile Connect—Scan QR code to connect to your home network• For iPhone®, iPad® or Android® devices• R emote access to manage your network away from home. View the network map, block WiFi devices, set up guest WiFi & manage Parental Controls—anytime, anywhereBEAMFORMING+—FOR MORE RELIABLE CONNECTIONSUnlike typical WiFi routers that just blast the WiFi signals in all directions, with Beamforming+ the router & device communicate with each other, so the router can directly beam the WiFi signal to the device. Boosting speed, reliability, and range for both Implicit and Explicit 2.4 & 5GHz WiFi devices, the result is a stronger, faster, more reliable connection that is locked in even when the device is moved around the home.• W iFi Signal Focus—Focuses signals from the wireless router to WiFi devices like smartphones, tablets & laptops• A utomatic Signal Management—Checks with your device to keep WiFi signal at its optimal strength• D evice Connections—Designed for home environments to support multiple WiFi device connections for highest quality• WiFi Coverage—Reduces dead spots, & boosts signal strength• I mplicit & Explicit Beamforming boosts speed, reliability & range for both 2.4 & 5GHz WiFi devices—an industry firstNighthawk ® AC1900 WiFi VDSL/ADSL Modem RouterData SheetD7000Connection DiagramGigabit WiredGigabit Ethernet Connects to Cable or Fiber ModemPush ‘N’ Connectwith WPS(front)USB WiFi On/O(front)USBConnects to Telephone Line(built-in modem)Nighthawk ® AC1900 WiFi VDSL/ADSL Modem RouterData SheetD7000This product comes with a limited warranty that is valid only if purchased from a NETGEAR authorized reseller.*90-day complimentary technical support following purchase from a NETGEAR authorized reseller.** Does not support bonded VDSL†Maximum wireless signal rate derived from IEEE 802.11 specifications. Actual data throughput and wireless coverage will vary and may be lowered by network and environmentalconditions, including network traffic volume and building construction. NETGEAR makes no representations or warranties about this product’s compatibility with future standards.‡Up to 1300 Mbps wireless speeds achieved when connecting to other 802.11ac 1300 Mbps devices. 2.4GHz performance mode requires 256QAM support on WiFi client.NETGEAR, the NETGEAR Logo, ReadySHARE, ReadySHARE Vault, and NETGEAR genie, are trademarks of NETGEAR, Inc. Mac and the Mac logo are trademarks of Apple Inc. Any other trademarks herein are for reference purposes only. ©2017 NETGEAR, Inc.NETGEAR, Inc. 350 E. Plumeria Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1911 USA, /supportD-D7000-5Package Contents• Nighthawk AC1900 WiFi VDSL/ADSL Modem Router (D7000)• Ethernet cable • Phone cable • DSL filter • Quick start guide• Power adapter, localized to country of salePhysical Specifications• Dimensions: 11.22 x 7.26 x 1.97 in (285 x 185 x 50 mm)• Weight: 1.65 lb (750 g)Standards• Two (2) USB ports • One (1) VDSL/ADSL port • IEEE ® 802.11 b/g/n 2.4GHz + 256 QAM support• IEEE ® 802.11 a/n/ac 5.0GHz• F our (4) 10/100/1000 Mbps—(4 LAN) Gigabit Ethernet portsTechnical Specifications• H igh-speed VDSL2/ADSL2+ modem built-in • Simultaneous Dual Band WiFi—Tx/Rx 3x3 (2.4GHz) + 3x3 (5GHz)• Implicit & Explicit Beamforming • Powerful Dual Core processor• WiFi Boost with high-powered radio amplifiers • Memory: 128 MB flash and 256 MB RAM • Advanced Quality of Service (QoS)• ReadySHARE ® USB—Share your USB hard drive and printer• R eadySHARE Vault—Software for automatic PC backup to USB hard drive connected to the router • IPv6 Support (Internet Protocol Version 6)• Push ‘N’ Connect—Easy push button WiFi connectionsSupport• 90-day complimentary technical support*Broadband Internet Service• VDSL/ADSL broadband Internet service**• G igabit Ethernet WAN provides broadband connectivity options to cable, DSL or fibre modemsSystem Requirements• Microsoft ® Windows 7, 8, Vista ®, XP ®, 2000, Mac OS ®, UNIX ®, or Linux ®• Microsoft ® Internet Explorer ® 5.0, Firefox ® 2.0, Safari ® 1.4, or Google Chrome ™ 11.0 browsers or higherSecurity• Customized free URL to set up personal FTP server• VPN support—secure remote access • Guest network access—separate & secure • WiFi Protected Access ® (WPA/WPA2—PSK)• Double firewall protection (SPI and NAT)• Denial-of-service (DoS) attack preventionWarranty• /about/warranty。
何为VDSL?VDSL(甚高速数字用户环路)是一种在普通的短距离的电话铜线上最高能以52Mbit/s合速率传输数据的技术,它的速度大大高于ADSL(非对称数字用户环路)和Cable Medem(线缆调制解调器),相当于T3的数据传输速率。
它可以大大提高因特网的接入速度,提供本地不同区域网络之间的快速链接,并可用来开展视频信息服务。
VDSL技术现在还处在研究阶段,本文首先介绍了VDSL的一些基本规范,然后分析和比较了VDSL的几种调制技术和复用技术,最后介绍了VDSL的发展现状。
2VDSL系统的规范虽然VDSL的国际标准还在制定之中,电话公司通过参加美国的ANSI T1.4和欧洲的ETSI TM6标准化小组已确定了VDSL的系统规范,主要包括数据传输速率及下行上行速率比例、辐射抑制、功率话密度等方面。
ANSI和ETSI都要求支持对称和非对称的数据传输。
ETSI把支持非对称和对称数据传输速率的调制解调器分别归为ChasⅠ和ClassⅡ。
ClassⅠ的最高传输速率为24 Mbit/S,规定的下行上行速率比例有6:1、3:1两种;ClasS Ⅱ的最高传输速率为36 Mbit/S。
ANSI定义的非对称传输时最高速率为52 Mbit/S,下行上行速率比例为8:1、4:1;对称传输模式下的数据传输速率最高为52 Mbit/s。
为了防止双绞线上的VDSL信号通过辐射对业余无线电频段产生干扰,ANSI和EISI都规定了在业余无线电频段内VDSL调制解调器的发送功率话密度不得高于-80dBM。
ANSI和ETSI都规定VDSL系统的最大发送功率为11.5 dBm。
3VDSL的噪声环境影响VDSL的噪声主要有串扰、无线电频率干扰和脉冲干扰。
线缆的线束中有很多对双绞线,由于无法实现完全的互相屏蔽,所以它们会相互耦合形成串扰。
在VDSL应用中,串扰有两种形式:NEXT(近端串扰)和FEXT(远端串扰)。
NEXT是本地接收机检测到了一个或多个本地发送机在其他线路上发送的信号;FEXT是本地接收机检测到在其它频带中传输的一个或多个远端发送机发送的信号。
ADSL技术是一种不对称数字用户线实现宽带接入互联网的技术,ADSL作为一种传输层的技术,充分利用现有的铜线资源,在一对双绞线上提供上行640kbps下行8Mbps的带宽,从而克服了传统用户在"最后一公里"的"瓶颈",实现了真正意义上的宽带接入。
LAN就技术性定义而言,它定义为由特定类型的传输媒体(如电缆、光缆和无线媒体)和网络适配器(亦称为网卡)互连在一起的计算机,并受网络操作系统监控的网络系统。
也就是小区宽带。
区分你用的到底是ADSL还是小区宽带很简单,主要就是看你是用电话线连接宽带猫上网还是直接用网线上网,用电话线的是ADSL,用网线就是LAN了。
2002年7月,ITU公布了ADSL的两个新标准(G.992.3和G.992.4),即ADSL2。
2003年3月,在第一代ADSL标准的基础上,ITU制定了G.992.5,也就是ADSL2plus(ADSL2+)。
在下行方面,ADSL2+在5000英尺的距离上达到了20Mbps的速率,是ADSL下行8Mbps的2.5倍。
并且ADSL2+和ADSL2也保证了向下兼容。
在存在窄带干扰的情况下,ADSL2可以提高速率,在长距离上达到比ADSL更优的性能。
ADSL2+解决方案传输距离可达6KM,完全能满足宽带智能化小区的需要,突破了以前ADSL技术接入距离只有3.5KM的缺陷,可覆盖90%以上现有的用户。
此外,ADSL2+系统采用频分复用技术,打电话、传真和上网同时进行,不会互相干扰。
用户不需要拨号上网,开机即在线,非常方便。
ADSL2+主要有以下改变:① 速度更快ADSL提供的实际带宽和速度在如今各种宽带中已是较快的,而ADSL2+速度更快。
ADSL2+标准在8Mbps(最大12Mbps)的ADSL2的基础上进一步扩展,主要是将频谱范围从1.1MHz扩展至2.2MHz,相应地,最大子载波数目也由256增加至512。
VDSLVDSL, The V ery-high-speed D igital S ubscriber L ine technology makes possible delivery of information to speeds up to 52 Mb/s in asymmetric mode. The high-frequency band used (up to 20 MHz) raises many challenges not existing in the present DSLs, among them spectrum allocation, transmission in a FEXT (far-end-crosstalk) noise environment, and RF interference sources. However, as technology has been taking some big steps over the past few years, we can discuss VDSL technology as perhaps an alternative to ADSL.The following chapter will summarize the VDSL infrastructure, and then discuss how VDSL technology stands against the ADSL technology.VDSL deployment configurationsDue to the large attenuation of high frequency signals on twisted-pair lines, the deployment of VDSL is limited to a loop length of less than 4500 feet (1500m) from the signal source. This limited length is the downside of VDSL technology. we present two configurations:For customers close to the central office (CO), VDSL can be deployed over copper wiring from CO (the central office), this configuration is called fiber to exchange (FTTEx). However, when co-existing with ADSL infrastructure, VDSL's performance can be damaged.Figure 1. FTTEx configurationFor more-distant customers the fiber is run to an optical network unit (ONU), from which the data is distributed using the existing infrastructure. This configuration is called fiber to the cabinet(FTTCab).In this configuration, the opposite from FTTEx is occurred : VDSL's performance remains stable, but noise generated by its signals may cause ADSL's downstream to be attenuated from CO to ONU (see figure below).Figure 2. FTTCab configurationData rates, spectrum allocation, and multiplexingData rates for symmetric/asymmetric services are shown in the following table:Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) was chosen as the multiplexing method for separating the upstream and downstream datatransmission. Using Asymmetric services the ratio between d/l and u/l streams is about 10:1 in favor of d/l. Using Symmetric the bandwidth should be equally allocated.It is a requirement of the standard that both types of services shouldcoexist on the same cable (this is not trivial, but we will not discuss here the technical details of how it is done).Known Issues & Problems , and Solutions∙Crosstalk noise sources - as mentioned before, the phenomenon of noise generated between signals traveling in opposite directions (called near-end crosstalk or NEXT) and noise generated betweensignals traveling in the same direction in a cable (called far-end crosstalk, or FEXT).NEXT can be resolved by allocating different frequency bands for upstream and downstream direction.FEXT is the more dominant noise source, and is more complicated to deal with. This problem occurs only in the upload streams, whose transmitter are scattered and not gathered near the ONU/CO as the download transmitters are. This causes FEXT noise to be injected from transmitters closer to the ONU, to other upload transmitters located further. The solution consists in reducing the transmit power, depending on the distance from the transmitter location to the ONU/CO.∙RF interference - Both the European and US standards allow six relatively narrow (100-200-kHz) amateur radio bands within the VDSL spectrum, causing interference between VDSL's and the amateur radio stations signals (usually due physical mishandles such as improper shielding , etc.). This problem needs dealing with in 3 fronts:1.egress suppression -on the side of the radio amateur bands, VDSLinterference can be blocked bylimiting the power spectral density (PSD) of the VDSL signal in these bands to 80 dBm/Hz.2. ingress suppression- The amateur-radio signal interference canbe as high as 0 dBm at the VDSLreceiver input. It is highly desirable to attenuate suchinterference before converting to digital.3. the amateur radio signal is a non-stationary signal,characterized by ON/OFF periods. Dealing with thiskind of interference is not an easy task, and we will notdiscuss it in this context.ModulationVDSL can use either QAM, DMT, and even FMT method for modulation. using DMT requires extended range for the transmitter buffer and increased power consumption in the analog front end, due to DMT's sharp andhigh amplitude level. It also requires frame synchronization andsupervision, meaning employ timing recovery techniques, which is a whole lot of mess.using QAM does not require timing in any way. However, it requires two QAM transmitters/receivers in each direction.Also, DMT solves the egress suppression problem more easily, and have more flexibility in controlling power spectral density (PSD), which can stand to its advantage.ADSL vs. VDSLVDSL differs from ADSL in that it was designed to support both symmetric and asymmetric configurations. Also, it was designed to provide faster data transmission over shorter distances. It therefore sustains a different network topology then ADSL relying on remotely fiber-fed access nodes located closer to the consumers.However, currently technological improvements (see ADSL2 & re-ADSL) allows ADSL to offer higher downstream data rate, and enhanced upstream capabilities that can theoretically and practically overtake VDSL's performance (or at least offer some good competition).Figure 3. Downstream comparision between ADSL, ADSL2, VDSLIn spite of their differences, ADSL and VDSL are technicallysimilar. They both employs advanced transmission techniques and forward error correction (although, surprisingly, ADSL has the more complextransmission technology since it most cope with much larger dynamic ranges than VDSL), but they do it in different rates over different range. They can be considered as complements to each other by co-existing (as shown in the figures above), each trying to provide the best transmission tool over existing telephone copper wiring.。