首都师范大学2001年硕士研究生入学考试试题及答案

首都师范大学2001年> 硕士研究生入学考试试题> 专业：中国古代文学、汉语言文字学考试科目：古代汉语> 研究方向：各方向> 一、名词解释：（每词2分，共10分）> 1、衍文2、《经典释文》3、稽古> 4、《经传释词》 5、三十六字母> 二、填空：（每词2分，共10分）> 1、古人把（1）称为五声或五音，大致相当于现代音乐简谱上的1（do）2（re）3（mi）4（sol）5（la）。

> 2、上古有姓有氏。

（2）是一种族号，（3）是姓的分支。

> 3、年号，是封建皇帝纪年的名号。

年号是从（4）开始有的。

> 4、周天子自称是上帝的长子，其王位由嫡长子世袭，这是天下的（5）；馀子分封为诸候，对天子来说是（6）。

> 5、古人以牛羊豕为三牲。

祭祀时三牲齐全叫（7）：只用羊豕不用牛叫（8）。

> 6、古书上某字注以“（9）”，通常是告诉读者，在这特定的上下文里，这个字要按昭它本来的读音读。

> 7、利用（10）来区别词义和词性，这是汉语的特点之一。

汉魏学者看到了这个特点，并体现于于古书注音。

> 三、解释下列各句中下加要横线“一”的词：（每词1分，共20分）> 1、羞以嘉蔬，为以清酌。

（陶潜《自祭文》）> 2、小镜但愁云鬓改。

（李商隐《无题》诗）> 3、使杞子、逢孙、杨孙戌之。

（《左?僖公三十年》）> 4、诸将效首虑。

（《史记?淮阴侯列传》）> 5、失时不雨，民且狼顾。

（贾谊《论积贮疏》）> 6、侯自我得之，自我捐之，无所恨。

（《史记?魏其武安侯列传》）> 7、埏埴以为器。

（《老子》）> 8、商百里者，宿春量；商千里者，三月聚量。

（《壮子?逍遥游》）> 9、宋人有善为不龟手之药者。

（《庄子?逍遥游》）> 10、夫川竭而谷虚，丘夷而渊实。

（《庄子?？筐》）> 11、虽有轩免之赏弗能劝，斧金之威弗能禁。

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为了方便“立志在华电”学生交流，我们建立QQ 群276540388，为大家免费答疑，分享华电最新消息，提供最新内部试题，各种疑难问题，我们都尽最大努力帮助，只为“大华电，大电力，中国梦，梦华电！”华北电力大学（北京）2001年硕士研究生入学考试试题1. 请分类归纳电力系统分析课程包含的主要内容？（8分）2. 什么是电力系统的潮流计算？简述牛顿-拉夫逊法计算潮流的主要步骤。

（8分）3. （每小题4分，共8分）（1） 电力网络潮流的调整控制的主要方法有哪些？（2） 分析高压环形电网中串联电动势的纵分量及横分量对环网功率分布的影响。

4. 某电力系统发电机的单位调节功率为G K ，负荷的单位调节功率为L K ，系统稳定运行于频率0f 。

若系统的负荷增加0L P ∆，发电机二次高频增发有功功率0G P ∆。

推导电力系统的稳定运行频率1f 的计算公式。

（13分）5. 系统如图1所示，840ij Z j =+Ω（等值到高压侧），max 2010MVA j S j =+，min 85MVA j S j =+，105kV i U =，变压器额定电压为1104 2.5%/11kV ±⨯，变压器低压侧j 节点要求逆调压，求变压器的变比和并联电容器的最小补偿量。

（13分）i j jS图16. 试述电力系统暂态稳定的概念，阐述等面积定则及其作用。

（8分）7. 简述发电机自动调节励磁装置对短路电流及电力系统稳定性的影响。

（8分）8. 试分析同步发电机突然三相短路时，定、转子各绕组电流中将出现哪些分量，它们是如何变化的？（8分）9. 某系统接线如图2所示，各元件的标么参数（100MVA B S =，B av U U =，即变压器变比取平均额定变比）已标于图中。

首都师范大学2001年攻读硕士研究生入学考试试题专业：汉语言文字学考试科目：现代汉语研究方向：各方向一、回答下列问题（60分）1、现代汉语规范化的标准是什么。

你怎样理解这些标准？（15）2、与古代汉语相比，现代汉语有哪些特点？与你学过的外语相比，现代汉语有哪些特点？（15分）3、现代汉语语法分析中，词的确定要比语素的确定困难得多，这是为什么？（10分）4、现代汉语合成词的构成方式有哪些？请举例一一说明。

（5分）5、现代汉语中，造成歧义的因素有哪些？请举例一一说明。

（15分）二、论述：请评论下列命题（18分）1、一个汉字的字音就是一个音节，因此，汉字是音节文字。

（5分）2、修辞就是追求表达上的准确、鲜明。

（8分）3、“红”和“红色”都表示颜色，“红”是形容词，所以“红色”也应该是形容词。

（5分）三、分析（22分）1、请指出下面三句话中的定语和状语，并逐一说明理由。

（10分）（1）你们要大力支援他们。

（2）他们需要你们大力支援。

（3）他们需要你们的大力支援。

2、下列字的注音都是规范字音，其中有些字的字音不符合现代汉语声韵调的组合规律，请逐一指出并说明理由。

（6分）值鼻您甭床肥zhi bi nin beng chuang fei fiao3、下面这句话中有些字是不规范字，请逐一指出，并说明它们分别属于那一类不规范字。

（6分）今天是星期天。

下午，老吕夫妇从仃车场走了过来。

他们居住的街区离这里不远，只有3哩，开车一会儿就到。

他们今天要买很多东西。

别的还好说，千万记着给儿子小强买件新式地上衣，这孩子现在越来越追时髦。

首都师范大学硕士研究生入学考试（历史）试题中国史
名词解释
弥兵
口赋算赋
心学
善后大借款
北洋通商大臣
二月抗争
材料
关于东晋南朝的士族门阀，从婚配取向角度论述
论述，
从隋唐到明清的中枢机构体制变化
两次世界大战对中国社会的影响
世界史
名词解释
汉莫拉比
索贡巡行
洛迦诺公约
斯大林体制
甘地
材料
第一个是关于罗马的经济，帝国时代的繁荣和奢华第二个是关于德国战后的分区占领
论述
地理大发现对于西欧的经济和商业的影响
工业革命的历史后果。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题答案一、填空题（本题共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分．把答案填在题中横线上．）（1）213lim 21-++--→x x x x x ＝______． （2）设函数y ＝f （x ）由方程e 2x ＋y －cos （xy ）＝e －1所确定，则曲线y ＝f （x ）在点（0，1）处的法线方程为______．（3）x x x x d cos )sin (22π2π23⎰-+＝_______．（4）过点)0,21(且满足关系式11in arcs 2=-+'xy x y 的曲线方程为______． （5）设方程⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡-=⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡211111111321x x x a a a 有无穷多个解，则α＝______． 二、选择题（本题共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分．每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内．）（1）设⎩⎨⎧>≤=,1||,0,1||,1)(x x x f 则f {f [f （x ）]}等于（ ） （A ）0． （B ）1．（C ）⎩⎨⎧>≤.1||,0,1||,1x x （D ）⎩⎨⎧>≤.1||,1,1||,0x x（2）设当x →0时，（1－cos x ）ln （1＋x 2）是比x sin x n 高阶的无穷小，x sin x n 是比)1e (2-x 高阶的无穷小，则正整数n 等于（ ）（A ）1． （B ）2． （C ）3． （D ）4．（3）曲线y ＝（x －1）2（x －3）2的拐点个数为（ ）（A ）0． （B ）1． （C ）2． （D ）3．（4）已知函数f （x ）在区间（1－δ，1＋δ）内具有二阶导数，f ′（x ）严格单调减少，且f（1）＝f ′（1）＝1，则（ ）（A ）在（1－δ，1）和（1，1＋δ）内均有f （x ）＜x ．（B ）在（1－δ，1）和（1，1＋δ）内均有f （x ）＞x ．（C ）在（1－δ，1）内，f （x ）＜x ，在（1，1＋δ）内，f （x ）＞x ．（D ）在（1－δ，1）内，f （x ）＞x ，在（1，1＋δ）内，f （x ）＜x ．（5）已知函数y ＝f （x ）在其定义域内可导，它的图形如右图所示，则其导函数y ＝f ′（x ）的图形为（ ）三、（本题满分6分） 求⋅++⎰1)12(d 22x x x四、（本题满分7分） 求极限x t xx t xt sin sin )sin sin (lim -→，记此极限为f （x ），求函数f （x ）的间断点并指出其类型． 五、（本题满分7分）设ρ＝ρ（x ）是抛物线x y =上任一点M （x ，y ）（x ≥1）处的曲率半径，s ＝s （x ）是该抛物线上介于点A （1，1）与M 之间的弧长，计算222)d d (d d 3ss ρρρ-的值．（在直角坐标系下曲率公式为))1(||232'+"=y y K六、（本题满分7分）设函数f （x ）在[0，＋∞）上可导，f （0）＝0，且其反函数为g （x ）．,e d )(2)(0x xf x t tg =⎰若求f （x ）．七、（本题满分7分） 设函数f （x ），g （x ）满足)(e 2)(),()(x f x g x g x f x -='='，且f （0）＝0，g （0）＝2，求.d ))1()(1)((π02x x x f x x g ⎰+-+ 八、（本题满分9分）设L 是一条平面曲线，其上任意一点P （x ，y ）（x ＞0）到坐标原点的距离恒等于该点处的切线在y 轴上的截距，且L 经过点).0,21( （1）试求曲线L 的方程；（2）求L 位于第一象限部分的一条切线，使该切线与L 以及两坐标轴所围图形的面积最小．九、（本题满分7分）一个半球体状的雪堆，其体积融化的速率与半球面面积S 成正比，比例常数K ＞0．假设在融化过程中雪堆始终保持半球体状，已知半径为r 0的雪堆在开始融化的3小时内，融化了其体积的87，问雪堆全部融化需要多少小时？ 十、（本题满分8分）设f （x ）在区间[－a ，a ]（α＞0）上具有二阶连续导数，f （0）＝0，（1）写出f （x ）的带拉格朗日余项的一阶麦克劳林公式；（2）证明在[－α，a ]上至少存在一点η，使.d )(3)(3x x f f a aa ⎰-="η 十一、（本题满分6分）已知矩阵⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡=⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡=011101110,11011001B A i ，且矩阵X 满足AXA ＋BXB ＝AXB ＋BXA ＋E ，其中E 是3阶单位阵，求X ．十二、（本题满分6分）已知α1，α2，α3，α4是线性方程组A x ＝0的一个基础解系，若β1＝α1＋t α2，β2＝α2＋t α3，β3＝α3＋t α4，β4＝α4＋t α1，讨论实数t 满足什么关系时，β1，β2，β3，β4也是Ax ＝0的一个基础解系．。

首都师范大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷考试科目代码：211考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语请将答案住明题号写在答题纸上，试题纸上做答无效。

Part I.Proofreading and Error Correction(10POINTS,15MINUTES)Directions:The following passage contains TEN errors.Each numbered line contains ONE error,in which only ONE word is involved.Identify each error and correct it in the following way:copy the wrong word on your ANSWER SHEET and then write down the correct one.Make sure that you write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET!The changes in language will continue forever,but no one wrons word correctionknows sure who does the changing.One possibility is thatchildren are responsible.A professor of linguistic at the 1.________________University of Hawaii explores this in one of his recent books.Sometimes around1880,a language catastrophe occurred 2.________________in Hawaii when thousands of emigrant workers were brought 3.________________to the islands to work for the new sugar industry.Thesepeople spoke different languages were unable to communicate 4.________________with each other or with the native Hawaiians and the dominantEnglish-speaking owners of the plantations.So they firstly 5.________________spoke in Pidgin English—the sort of thing such mixed languagepopulations have always done.A pidgin is not really a languageat all.It is more like a set of verbal signals used to name objectsand without the grammatical rules needed for expressing thought 6.________________and ideas.And then,within a single generation,the whole mess7.________________of mixed people began speaking a totally new tongue:Hawaiian8.________________Creole.The new speech was contained ready-made words borrowedfrom all the original tongues,but beard little or no resemblance9.________________with the predecessors in the rules used for stringing the words10.________________ together.Although generally regarded as primitive language,Hawaiian Creole had a highly sophisticated grammar.Part II.Vocabulary(20POINTS,25MINUTES)Directions:From the four words or phrases under each sentence,choose the one that best suits the blank in each sentence.1.Recent editions of the Chinese classic Tao Te Ching,based on manuscripts more authoritative than those hitherto available,have rendered previous editions______.A.obstinateB.inaccessibleC.illegibleD.obsolete2.Children love to listen to stories about their elders,to_______their imagination to the conception of a traditional great-uncle,or granddame,whom they never saw.A.utilizeB.extendC.exploitD.stretch3.It is a common_______that success always brings happiness although it is true in some cases.A.regulationB.fallacyC.conceptD.myth4.When the guest speaker failed to arrive,the chairman__________to the occasion and made a very amusing speech himself.A.aroseB.roseC.arousedD.confronted5.Based on the evidence rather than________,Dr.Singer's report will refute previously held views about the nesting habits of the rare species.A.conjectureB.ignoranceC.projectionD.theory6.The magazine was publicly_______by a government spokesman for failing to check its facts and distorting the reality.A.rebukedB.refutedC.rebuttedD.reclaimed7.Despite his lack of public speaking experience,the student union member was surprisingly_______and expressed the concerns of his classmates persuasively.A.cogentB.CognateC.congenialD.congnitive8.We were all filled with________when we learnt how the realities of our country had been distorted by rumor-mongers.A.disturbanceB.cognitionC.indignationD.annoyance9.Could a mechanical device ever_______human intelligence?This is the ultimate test whether it could cause a real human to fall in love with it.A.influenceB.eliminateC.duplicateD.undermine10.Nothing lends itself to the feeling of traditional holiday shopping like hitting the streets on a cool evening and it brings back the_______that some of the older generation may have experienced,but younger persons may have only seen on television.A.nominationB.nostalgiaC.reminiscenceD.glamour11.The mystery of this successful businessman is that he is never________at important decisive moments.A.garrulousB.capriciousC.benevolentD.reticent12.When the state government discovered that thermal pollution was killing valuable fish,legislation was passed onto_______the dumpling of hot liquid wastes into rivers and to protect the fish population.A.discourageB.regulateC.facilitateD.prohibit13.The man accused of opening fire last month at a downtown Orlando office building held a_______against a former co-worker who was killed in the mass shooting.A.gruntB.grumbleC.groanD.grudge14.Much of the space in the National Gallery of Art is__________paintings presented to the museum by Andrew Mellon.A.divested ofB.devoid ofC.devoted toD.consisted in15.The stranger was actually smaller than I thought;yet his stature was________by the alarm he caused as he loomed up suddenly in the dark alley.A.worsenedB.magnifiedC.disparagedD.admonished16.Born with_______hearing,she still learned three foreign languages through her life time.A.defectiveB.effectiveC.selectiveD.affective17.Since neither side was ready to________what was necessary for peace,hostility was finally resumed in that areA.A.precedeB.recedeC.concedeD.intercede18.The organization is pressing_____with the task of finding homes for abandoned children.A.onB.downC.outD.up19.Advances in technology occur at such a fast pace that dictionaries have difficulty incorporating the________that emerge for new inventions.A.clichésB.colloquialismsC.euphemismsD.neologisms20.The king's_____decisions as a diplomat and administrator led to his legendary reputation as a just and_______ruler.A.immoral...perceptiveB.quick...arrogantC.equitable...wiseD.generous...wittyPart III.Reading Comprehension(30POINTS,80MINUTES)There are FOUR passages in this section.Read each passage and answer the questions given at the end of each passage.Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET!Passage IPeople have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from one another,and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture".Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities, characteristics,and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Proponents of the"nurture"theory,or,as they are often called,behaviorists,claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists'view of the human being is quite mechanistic;they maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact,it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(5*1=5points).1.Which one of the following statements would supporters of the"nature"theory agree with?A.A person's instincts have little effect on his action.B.Environment is important in determining a person's behavior and personality.C.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.D.The behaviorists'view correctly explains how we act.2.Which one of the following statements would proponents of the"nurture"theory agree with?A.A person's character is greatly influenced by his environment.B.Behaviorist theory is not correct.C.Biologically based instincts are important in how we act.D.Environment has little to do with behavior.3.B.F.Skinner____________________.A.supports the nature theoryB.believes in the importance of genes in determining personalityC.thinks the environment plays an important role in determining characterD.believes instincts govern behavior4.Concerning the nature/nurture controversy,the writer of this article__________.A.supports the nature theoryB.supports the nurture theoryC.believes both are completely wrongD.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories5.In the United States,Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests.With this in mind,which one of the following statements is not true?A.Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.B.Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment.C.Behaviorists would say that Black often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy.D.Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.Passage IIHarmful publicationsLack of culture,or rather an excess of the wrong sort of culture,is often considered to be synonymous with disadvantages.Most commonly associated with low cultural standards are low levels of reading and writing.One way of compensating such disadvantaged young people is thought to be to provide them with the culture they lack:in particular, high quality reading material.Comic tragedy?Whereas forty to fifty percent of young people aged sixteen to twenty rarely read a book,the majority of young people appear to read comics.In1991sales of Viz,a UK comic,exceeded one million copies per issue,making it the fourth best selling periodical in Britain.The reading of comics,however,is not restricted to young people:by1992it was estimated that two out of three men aged eighteen to fifty-three read Viz.The reading of comics was traditionally regarded by the educational establishment with considerable suspicion. Whereas the received arts were always assumed to exert an improving or civilizing influence,comics were thought to"rob children's brain",to lower educational standards and to threaten morality.They were,and are,assumed to be an inferior cultural form,their readers assumed to come from the lower social classes,to be low educational attainers and to be easily led astray.Over the past decade,perceptions of comics have shifted.Since the1970s,the comic format has been commonly used to represent the interests of various disenfranchised groups—community groups,the unemployed,welfare recipients—who became more conscious of a climate conditioned by other contemporary movements such as civil rights,consumerism,self-help and de-institutionalization.As cultural signifiers,comics have become the subject matter of academic courses in cultural and media studies.Indeed,young people's cultural activities,grounded in the commercial rather than the subsidized sector,are beginning to merit the attention of the arts establishment.Since the mid-1980s the comics market itself has boomed:the number of specialist shops and attendances at comics conventions has increased six-fold;the number of publishers and mainstream bookshops stocking comics has expanded; collecting comics was reported to be the fastest growing hobby,and in the process,an adult readership has effectively "come out".A survey carried out for Crisis,a fortnightly comic,clearly contradicted the stereotypical image of a comics reader by revealing that two-thirds of its readers were aged sixteen to twenty-four,with the remaining third over twenty-five. Furthermore,the comic's readers were highly educated:over half were studying full-or part-time;nearly three quarters read a quality daily.The comic's most popular stories focused on serious issues to do with the Third World and Northern Ireland.Comics as educationThe tone of educational comics has also changed.Twenty years ago it would have been considered immoral to produce advisorv comics for prisoners,offering health advice for potentially illegal practices,not least because they would have appeared to condone the practices described.Yet comics are now considered to be the most effective medium for such advice,not least because they secure the interest of their target readership.Certain British educationists,such as Margaret Meek,now advocate comics as educationally beneficial.This is because they encourage children and young people to read and contribute positively to the development of their fantasy play and to their acquisition of confidence and assurance.Yet,150years since they were first published,comics remain subject to the old prejudices,which maintain a particularly firm hold in schools.Research is currently under way,in part prompted by curiosity as to why comics are still regarded with such distain by the teaching profession.It is suspected that when comics are used in the classroom they are primarily given to children with learning difficulties,those learning English as a second language and those with behavioral problem;conversely,they are not given to children who have achieved higher educational standards.The research aims to establish to what extent comics are used in statutory and non-statutory education,what they are used for and what their potential might be.The resulting report focuses on the use of comics for and by disenfranchised young people, particularly those who may be denied access to the whole statutory curriculum and whose special educational needs are not adequately met.Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(5*1=5points).6.How many examples of an increase in the comic market are given?A.3B.4C.5D.67.A survey of readers conducted for one of the publication showed thatA.all readers of comics are at least16years old.B.most readers in the survey were highly educated.C.most readers of comics also read quality newspapers.D.readers of the most popular comics also read quality newspapers.8.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:ics have been proved to be the most effective way of giving advice to prisoners.B.Schools disagree with some educationists that comics are educationally beneficial.C.Research is being done to explore the potential use of comics in school education.D.The underlined word"readership"in paragraph5most probably refers to the number of readers.9.In paragraph7,by saying"...not least because they would have appeared to condone the practices described.",the author meansA."...not at all because..."B."...not in the least because..."C."...not only because..."D."...quite importantly because..."10.Broadly speaking,the authorA.regards comics with disdain.B.is not sure about the educational value of comics.C.feels that comics have educational value.D.believes that comics will attract people of increasingly old age.Passage IIIThe new BBC adaptation of Dickens'Little Dorrit has been hailed as the perfect accompaniment to credit-crunch Britain.Dickens was good at asking difficult questions,and even better at avoiding simple answers.Near the start of Dombey and Son,the small and sharp-eyed Paul Dombey asks"Papa!what's money?",and is told that it is"gold and silver,and copper,Guineas,shillings,half-pence".For his father,a prosperous businessman,money represents something else:"Circulating-medium,currency...paper, bullion,rates of exchange,value of precious metals in the market".For Dickens himself,though,money meant far more than the power to buy and sell.Money brought people together and split them apart;it turned ordinary people into models of generosity or monsters of greed;it kept the world moving and was forever threatening to make it spin out of control.Dickens's novels depict a world in which everything has a price,like the coals that Scrooge refuses to burn, cherishing them like diamonds.But as Scrooge's hard-heartedness reveals,the pursuit of such things also has a human cost.The new BBC adaptation of Dickens's Little Dorrit has been hailed as the perfect accompaniment to credit-crunch Britain,but it is not the only novel in which we find Dickens speaking to us,or even speaking for us,in these uncertain financial times.In all their painful,joyful,irrepressible life,his novels offer us glimpses of a world we think we have lost -a period of swirling fog and flickering gaslamps.But the closer we get to this world,the more we start to recognise:the scramble for credit,financial scandal,panic. More recent novelists have attempted to write about the workings of international finance.Saul Bellow's description of market speculation in Seize the Day or Don DeLillo's account of a financial meltdown seen through the eyes of a currency trader in Cosmopolis are compelling in their own way.But there are good reasons why it is Dickens to whom we should now return.The centre around which the Victorian age revolved and Dickens's combination of ambition and anxiety make him unmistakably our contemporary.And not only can we find parallels in his novels with the current crisis,we can also learn from them how to survive and triumph over it.One of the saddest scenes in Little Dorrit comes near the beginning of the novel,as we are introduced to William Dorrit,the longest-serving resident of the Marshalsea Prison.Imprisoned more than20years ago for debt,he has been reduced to accepting pitiful handouts from"admirers"with names like"Snooks","Old Gooseberry"and"the Dogs-meat Man".It is a scene that Dickens wrote from the heart-and from memory.His own father had been imprisoned in theMarshalsea when Charles was still a boy,and even if John Dickens seems to have been serenely unaffected by the experience,his son never came to terms with the shame he felt."I really believed at the time",he wrote later,"that they had broken my heart."The shame spreads through his writings like a blush,although he became adept at making a kind of sad comedy out of it,as when he recalled his father's wise advice to live within his means("if a man had twenty pounds a year,and spent nineteen pounds nineteen shillings and sixpence,he would be happy;but that a shilling spent the other way would make him wretched')and put it into the mouth of David Copperfield's Mr Micawber.As Dickens became more successful as a writer he followed the advice with scrupulous care.At his death,he left £93,000,comfortably making him a millionaire in today's money,but he managed his finances well enough to have accumulated decent reserves of cash while still being known for his generosity.If anything,he was thought to be a soft touch,which is doubtless what made him a target for begging-letter writers. One affected to be a travelling pedlar whose trade was being disrupted by the loss of his horse,and"if I would have the goodness to leave him out a donkey,he would call for the animal before breakfast".Perhaps they had been led to expect as much from Dickens's fiction,because his generosity was not only limited to real people.Characters such as Nicholas Nickleby or Oliver Twist are also showered with gifts at the end of their stories, although only if they prove to be deserving cases.In a world full of gloomy voices,such as Thomas Carlyle's warning that capitalism was destroying old social bonds based on trust,Dickens's novels quietly work to restore a link between money and morality.As in the fairy-tales he loved, his heroes had to demonstrate their true worth in order to be rewarded with a pot of gold.Even if this smacks of a wish-fulfilment fantasy,Dickens's readers had good reason to be thankful to him.After all, the real financial world was far harder to control,and just as likely to punish the good as the wicked.Even in Little Dorrit,that great warning-cry about the financial mess that people can get themselves into,Dickens offers a cheering alternative to the credit-crunch,because another word that binds the novel together is'credit'.Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(8*1=8points).11.The new BBC adaptation of Dickens's Little Dorrit is seen as_______.A.a production to accompany the financial timeB.a work to increase the credit rating of Charles DickensC.the right product at the right timeD.Britain's crunch of credit in new forms12.More recent novelists were mentioned by the author to show_______.A.similar financial problemsB.the scramble for creditC.credit-crunch BritainD.a financial meltdown13.By saying that Dickens is our contemporary,the author seems to imply that_______.A.his novels have parallels in the modern timesB.Dickens also lived through credit crunchC.the current crisis has parallels in historyD.we are,like him,also a mixture of great desires and worries14.The word"serenely"probably means________.A.severelyB.calmlyC.eerilyD.sedentarily15.How did his father's experience affected Charles Dickens?A.The shame penetrated his writings.B.He never came to terms with the creditors.C.The humiliation had a lasting effect on him.D.He had a heart attack because of the shame.16.The word"scrupulous"probably means_______.A.scrutinizedB.industriousC.incredulousD.careful17.By mentioning"credit"at the end of the article,the author seems to imply that________.A.credit is unavoidable in modern timesB.credit is the not the root of all evilC.modern people should also emphasize honour.D.people should learn to trust each other18.What is the significance of Dickens'novels in modern times?A.They focus on money and beliefs of right and wrong.B.They also centered around uncertain financial times.C.They demonstrated the true worth of credit.D.They share the same issue of"credit".Passage IVIn this age of chips,we put radios in watchcases and tap telephone with minute electronic packages.Such miniaturization might lead us to the false belief that absolute size is irrelevant to the operation of complex machinery. But nature does not miniaturize neurons(or other cells for that matter).The range of cell size among organisms is incomparably smaller than the range in body size.Small animals simply have far fewer cells than large animals.The human brain contains several billion neurons;an ant is constrained by its small size to have many hundreds of times fewer neurons.There is no established relationship between brain size and intelligence among humans.But this observation cannot be extended to differences between species and certainly not to ranges of sizes separating ants and humans.An efficient computer needs billions of circuits and an ant simply cannot contain enough of them because the relative constancy of cell size requires that small brains contain few neurons.Thus,our large body size served as a prerequisite for self-conscious intelligence.We can make a stronger argument and claim that humans have to be just about the size they are in order to function as they do.In an amusing and provocative article,F.W.Went explored the impossibility of human life,as we know it,at ant dimensions.Since weight increases so much faster than surface area as an object gets larger,small animals have very high ratios of surface to volume:they live in a world dominated by surface forces that affect us scarcely at all.An ant-sized man might put on some clothing,but forces of surface adhesion would preclude its removal.The lower limit of drop size would make showering impossible;each drop would hit with the force of a large boulder.If our little man managed to get wet and tried to dry off with a towel,he would be stuck to it for life.He could pour no liquid,light no fire(since a stable flame must be several millimeters in length).He might hammer gold leaf thin enough to construct a book for his size;but surface adhesion would prevent the turning of pages.Our skills and behavior are finely attuned to our size.We could not be twice as tall as we are,for the kinetic energy of a fall would then be16to32times as great,and our sheer weight(increased eightfold)would be more than our legs could support.Human giants of eight to nine feet have either died young or been crippled early by failure of joints and bones.At half our size,we could not wield a club with sufficient force to hunt large animals(for kinetic energy would decrease16to32-fold);we could not impart sufficient momentum to spears and arrows;we could not cut or split woodwith primitive tools or mine minerals with picks and chisels.Since these were essential activities in our historical development,we must conclude that the path of our evolution could only have been followed by a creature very close to our size.I do not argue that we inhabit the best of all possible worlds,only that our size has limited our activities and,to a great extent,shaped our evolution.Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(5*1=5points).19.Which inference can you draw from the passage?A.People may gain a false understanding that small animals have roughly the same number of neurons as large animals, only smaller.B.The cells of small animals are proportionally smaller than those of large animals.C.In order to be more intelligent,human beings have to be still taller.D.The bigger the brain size,the more intelligent man is.20.The author tells about F.W.Went's article in order toA.clarify why man cannot live like an ant.B.explain why an ant cannot live like a human being.C.explore the possibility of human life at ant dimensions.D.elaborate why an ant-sized man is not able to live a human life.21.What does the word"preclude"in paragraph4mean?A.introduceB.preventC.includeD.precede22.According to the author,if a man of six feet weighs80kilograms,then a man twelve feet tall would weighA.90kilogramsB.640kilogramsC.720kilogramsD.1280kilograms23.Which of the following choices is NOT true?A.The cell size of small animals lacks variation.B.Variation of brain size is significant to intelligence between species.C.Small animals are overwhelmed by forces of surface adhesion like human beings.D.In order to survive human life,we need to be as tall as we are.•Paraphrase the following sentences which are highlighted in Passage IV on your answer sheet.(7points)24.The range of cell size among organisms is incomparably smaller than the range in body size.(3points)25.Small animals have very high ratios of surface to volume.(2points)。

目　录2015年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题2014年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题2013年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题2012年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题2011年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题2008年首都师范大学803综合物理（力学和电磁学）考研真题2007年首都师范大学832综合物理（力学和电磁学）考研真题2006年首都师范大学465综合物理（力学和电磁学）考研真题2005年首都师范大学472综合物理考研真题2004年首都师范大学468综合考试（物理）考研真题2002年首都师范大学459综合考试（物理）考研真题2015年首都师范大学874综合物理考研真题首都师范大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷考试科目代码；874考试科目名称，综合物理满分150分请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上，试题纸上做答无效.一、（本题20分）牛顿第淀律町以说是牛顿第二定律的特例吗？靖阐述你的观点.二、（本题20分）试估算地球周围大气的总质量。

三、（本鼬20分）质血为用的滑块在粗糙水平地面上沿直线滑动.已知其初速度为标，它与地面间的动摩擦因数为#,所受空气阻力与速度平方成正比，即F=-bvv,求经过多长距离后滑块停止滑动，四、（本题3。

分）已知地球半径为6.4X10^,地球公转的速率等于29.8km/s f求第一宇宙速度巧、第二宇市速度（即脱离速度）为以及第三宇宙速度（即逃逸速度）当.考试科目代码：874第】页共2页请将答案注明题号写在答题纸上，试题纸上做答无效。

五、《本题2。

分)如图，悦度为r的廿导线湖在均匀磁场中以速度w移动，求直导线泌中的电动势。

六、《本题20分)在一个半径为R的金膜球之外，有一与金嘏球同心的均勾各向同性的电介质球充,其外半径为V，球壳外面为真空。

电介质的相对介电常量为后金属球所带电荷为劣试求其空间各部分的(1)电场强度的分布；(2)电势分布.七、(本题20分)如图所示，半径为R的均匀环形导线在b、c两点处分别与两根互相垂直的戴流导线相连接+已知环与两导线共面，若直导线中的电流强度为/，求：环心。

2001年同等学力人员申请硕士学位教育学学科综合水平全国统一考试试题一、选择题(每题1.5分，共30分)l.教育现代化构内在特征表现为教育民主化和( )。

A.系统性B.规范性C.主体性D.客体性2.教育是一种有意识、有目的、有计划的培养人的( )。

A.社会实践活动B.产业活动C. 社会福利活动D.公益活动3、德育的基本方法包括四大类，即语言说理、形象感染、实际训练和( )。

A.品德评价B.训练法C.参观D.操行评定4.在进行教育活动之前，人们头脑里预先存在着的教育活动的结果称为( )A.教育结果B.教育观念C.教育目的D.教育理想5.学生掌握知识、技能的过程包括感知教学内容、理解教学内容、复马巩固知识和( )A.考核评定B.运用知识C.练习作业D.动手操作6.17世纪美洲创办的第一所大学是( )。

A.哈佛学院B.威廉-玛丽学院C.霍普金斯大学 D，耶鲁大学7.1944年英国教育法也称为( )。

A.费里法案B.巴特勒教育法C.巴尔福教育法D.费舍教育法8.从"泛智论"出发，提出普及教育思想，论证了系统的学校教育体系和教学原则的教育家是( )。

A.洛克B.卢梭C.夸美纽斯D.裴斯泰洛齐9.中国近代的留学教育始于( )。

A.1840年B.1862年C.1872年D.1898年10.为改革太学。

创立"三舍法"的是( )。

A.朱熹B.范仲淹C.王安石D.蔡京11.被称为"教育心理学之父"的是( )。

A.赞可大B.奥苏伯尔C.布鲁姆D.桑代克12.布鲁纳提倡( )。

A.接受学习B.主动学习C.意义学刀D.发现学习13.科文顿认为学习的动力来自于( )。

A.白我需要B.兴趣C.自我价值D.理想14.品德的组织形式包含 ( )。

A.定向、同化和具体化系统B.出定向、外化和具体化系统C.定向、操作和具体化系统D.定向、操作和反馈系统15.教学效能感是指 ( )。

首都师范大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷专业：马克思主义理论与思想政治教育考试科目：马克思主义哲学一、简答题（每小题10分，共40分）1、简述马克思主义哲学的物质观及其意义。

2、简述辩证唯物论的过程论。

3、简述科学发展的社会条件。

4、简述现代思维方法的基本特点。

二、辨析题（每小题10分，共40分）1、部分质变总体上讲属于量变阶段。

2、在真理问题上坚持辩证法就必须坚持认为实践是检验真理的唯一标准。

3、历史人物可以加速历史发展的过程。

4、绝对运动与相对静止是互相包含的关系。

三、简述题（每小题15分，共30分）1、结合现代西方哲学的发展，说明马克思主义哲学与现代西方哲学的差异。

2、如何理解认识的基本属性。

四、论述题（每小题20分，共40分）1、如何理解认识辩证运动的全过程。

2、试述马克思主义关于人的价值的理论，并说明其意义。

首都师范大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷专业：马克思主义理论与思想政治教育考试科目：思想政治教育学原理研究方向：思想政治教育理论与方法、中外思想政治教育一、简答题（每小题8分，共40分）1、内化与外化2、思想品德结构3、理想教育4、思想政治教育者的素质结构5、实地调查评估法二、简述题（每小题10分，共50分）1、简述政治工作与思想工作的关系。

2、评析中国古代思想道德教育的得失。

3、联系现实，阐述思想政治教育环境优化的途径。

4、评析思想政治教育的“无用论”和“万能论”5、结合我国的实际，阐述如何发挥思想政治教育的导向功能。

三、论述题（每题30分，共60分）1、列举并论述思想政治教育学的直接理论依据（详细阐述至少3个）。

2、在思想政治教育中，如何正确处理价值一元与多元的关系。

首都师范大学2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷专业：马克思主义理论与思想政治教育考试科目：马克思主义哲学一、简答题：（每小题10分，共40分）1、简述哲学的社会功能。

2、简述整体与部分的关系。