VEN-TI-LA-TION

Ventilation (architecture)An air handling unit is used for the heating and cooling of air in a central location (click on image for legend).Ventilating (the V in HVAC) is the process of "changing" or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality (i.e. to control temperature, replenish oxygen, or remove moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, and carbon dioxide). Ventilation is used to remove unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduce outside air, to keep interior building air circulating, and to prevent stagnation of the interior air.Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.[1]"Mechanical" or "forced" ventilation is used to control indoor air quality. Excess humidity, odors, and contaminants can often be controlled via dilution or replacement with outside air. However, in humid climates much energy is required to remove excess moisture from ventilation air.Kitchens and bathrooms typically have mechanical exhaust to control odors and sometimes humidity. Kitchens have additional problems to deal with such as smoke and grease (see kitchen ventilation). Factors in the design of such systems include the flow rate (which is a function of the fan speed and exhaust vent size) and noise level. If ducting for the fans traverse unheated space (e.g., an attic), the ducting should be insulated as well to prevent condensation on the ducting. Direct drive fans are available for many applications, and can reduce maintenance needs.Ceiling fans and table/floor fans circulate air within a room for the purpose of reducing the perceived temperature because of evaporation of perspiration on the skin of the occupants. Because hot air rises, ceiling fans may be used to keep a room warmer in the winter by circulating the warm stratified air from the ceiling to the floor. Ceiling fans do not provide ventilation as defined as the introduction of outside air.Natural ventilation is the ventilation of a building with outside air without the use of a fan or other mechanical system. It can be achieved with openable windows or trickle vents when the spaces to ventilate are small and the architecture permits. In more complex systems warm air in the building can be allowed to rise and flow out upper openings to the outside (stack effect) thus forcing cool outside air to be drawn into the building naturally through openings in the lower areas. These systems use very little energy but care must be taken to ensure the occupants' comfort. In warm or humid months, in many climates, maintaining thermal comfort solely via natural ventilation may not be possible so conventional air conditioning systems are used as backups. Air-side economizers perform the same function as natural ventilation, but use mechanical systems' fans, ducts, dampers, and control systems to introduce and distribute cool outdoor air when appropriate.Contents1 Definition1.1 An example of closedventilation▪ 2 Necessity▪ 3 Types of ventilation▪ 4 Ventilation rate▪ 5 Ventilation standards▪ 6 Ventilation equipment▪7 Natural ventilation▪8 Demand-controlled ventilation(DCV)▪9 Local exhaust ventilation▪10 Ventilation and combustion▪11 Smoking and ventilation▪12 Problems▪13 Air Quality Procedures▪14 See also▪15 References and notes▪16 External linksedit DefinitionVentilation is the intentional movement of air from outside a building to the inside. Ventilation air, as defined in ASHRAE Standard 62.1[2] and the ASHRAE Handbook, is that air used for providing acceptable indoor air quality. It mustn't be confused with or flues; which mean the exhausts of clothes dryers and combustion equipment such as water heaters, boilers, fireplaces, and wood stoves. The vents or flues carry the products of combustion which have to be expelled from the building in a way which does not cause harm to the occupants of the building. Movement of air between indoor spaces, and not the outside, is called transfer air.This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards, as Reason is explained in the talk page. You can help.The discussion page may contain suggestions. (May 2010)edit An example of closed ventilationIn commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) buildings, and modern jet aircraft, return air is often recirculated to the air handling unit. A portion of the supply air is normally exfiltrated through the buildingenvelope or exhausted from the building (e.g., bathroom or kitchen exhaust) and is replaced by outside air introduced into the return air stream. The rate of ventilation air required, most often provided by this mechanically-induced outside air, is often determined from ASHRAE Standard 62.1 for CII buildings, or 62.2 for low-rise residential buildings, or similar standards.edit NecessityWhen people or animals are present in buildings, ventilation air is necessary to dilute odors and limit the concentration of carbon dioxide and airborne pollutants such as dust, smoke and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Ventilation air is often delivered to spaces by mechanical systems which may also heat, cool, humidify and dehumidify the space. Air movement into buildings can occur due to uncontrolled infiltration of outside air through the building fabric (see stack effect) or the use of deliberate natural ventilation strategies. Advanced air filtration and treatment processes such as scrubbing, can provide ventilation air by cleaning and recirculating a proportion of the air inside a building.edit Types of ventilation▪Mechanical or forced ventilation: through an air handling unit or direct injection to a space by a fan. A local exhaust fan can enhance infiltration or natural ventilation, thus increasing the ventilation air flow rate.▪Natural ventilation occurs when the air in a space is changed with outdoor air without the use of mechanical systems, such as a fan. Most often natural ventilation is assured through operable windows but it can also be achieved through temperature and pressure differences between spaces. Openwindows or vents are not a good choice for ventilating a basement or other below ground structure.Allowing outside air into a cooler below ground space will cause problems with humidity andcondensation.▪Mixed Mode Ventilation or Hybrid ventilation: utilises both mechanical and natural ventilation processes. The mechanical and natural components may be used in conjunction with each other or separately at different times of day. The natural component, sometimes subject to unpredictableexternal weather conditions may not always be adequate to ventilate the desired space. The mechanical component is then used to increase the overall ventilation rate so that the desired internal conditions are met. Alternatively the mechanical component may be used as a control measure to regulate the natural ventilation process, for example, to restrict the air change rate during periods of high wind speeds.▪Infiltration is separate from ventilation, but is often used to provide ventilation air.edit Ventilation rateThe ventilation rate, for CII buildings, is normally expressed by the volumetric flowrate of outside air being introduced to the building. The typical units used are cubic feet per minute (CFM) or liters per second (L/s). The ventilation rate can also be expressed on a per person or per unit floor area basis, such as CFM/p or CFM/ft², or as air changes per hour.For residential buildings, which mostly rely on infiltration for meeting their ventilation needs, the common ventilation rate measure is the number of times the whole interior volume of air is replaced per hour, and is called air changes per hour (I or ACH; units of 1/h). During the winter, ACH may range from 0.50 to 0.41 in a tightly insulated house to 1.11 to 1.47 in a loosely insulated house.[4]ASHRAE now recommends ventilation rates dependent upon floor area, as a revision to the 62-2001 standard whereas the minimum ACH was 0.35, but no less than 15 CFM/person (7.1 L/s/person). As of 2003,the standards have changed to an addition of 3 CFM/100 sq. ft. (15 l/s/100 sq. m.) to the 7.5 CFM/person (3.5 L/s/person) standard.[5]edit Ventilation standards▪In 1973, in response to the 1973 oil crisis and conservation concerns, ASHRAE Standards 62-73 and 62-81) reduced required ventilation from 10 CFM (4.76 L/S) per person to 5 CFM (2.37 L/S) per person.This was found to be a primary cause of sick building syndrome.▪Current ASHRAE standards (Standard 62-89) states that appropriate ventilation guidelines are 20 CFM (9.2 L/s) per person in an office building, and 15 CFM (7.1 L/s) per person for schools. Incommercial environments with tobacco smoke, the ventilation rate may range from 25 CFM to 125 CFM.[6]In certain applications, such as submarines, pressurized aircraft, and spacecraft, ventilation air is also needed to provide oxygen, and to dilute carbon dioxide for survival. Batteries in submarines also discharge hydrogen gas, which must also be ventilated for health and safety. In any pressurized, regulated environment, ventilation is necessary to control any fires that may occur, as the flames may be deprived of oxygen.[7]ANSI/ASHRAE (Standard 62-89) sets maximum CO2 guidelines in commercial buildings at 1000 ppm, however, OSHA has set a limit of 5000 ppm over 8 hours.[8]Ventilation guidelines are based upon the minimum ventilation rate required to maintain acceptable levels of bioeffluents. Carbon dioxide is used as a reference point, as it is the gas of highest emission at a relatively constant value of 0.005 L/s. The mass balance equation is:Q = G/(C i− C a)▪Q = ventilation rate (L/s)▪G = CO2 generation rate▪C i = acceptable indoor CO2 concentration▪C a = ambient CO2 concentration[9]edit Ventilation equipment▪Fume hood▪Biological safety cabinet▪Dilution ventilation▪Room air distribution▪Heat recovery ventilationedit Natural ventilationNatural ventilation involves harnessing naturally available forces to supply and remove air in an enclosed space. There are three types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings: wind driven ventilation, pressure-driven flows, and stack ventilation. The pressures generated by 'the stack effect' rely upon the buoyancy of heated or rising air. Wind driven ventilation relies upon the force of the prevailing wind to pull and push air through the enclosed space as well as through breaches in the building’s envelope (see Infiltration (HVAC)).Almost all historic buildings were ventilated naturally.[11] The technique was generally abandoned in larger US buildings during the late 20th century as the use of air conditioning became more widespread. However, with the advent of advanced Building Energy Modeling (BEM) software, improved Building Automation Systems (BAS), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) design requirements, and improvedwindow manufacturing techniques; natural ventilation has made a resurgence in commercial buildings both globally and throughout the US.The benefits of natural ventilation include:▪Improved Indoor air quality (IAQ)▪Energy savings▪Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions▪Occupant control▪Reduction in occupant illness associated with Sick Building Syndrome▪Increased worker productivityedit Demand-controlled ventilation (DCV)DCV makes it possible to maintain proper ventilation and improve air quality while saving energy. ASHRAE has determined that: "It is consistent with the Ventilation rate procedure that Demand Control be permitted for use to reduce the total outdoor air supply during periods of less occupancy.[citation needed]" CO2 sensors will control the amount of ventilation for the actual number of occupants. During design occupancy, a unit with the DCV system will deliver the same amount of outdoor air as a unit using the ventilation-rate procedure. However, DCV can generate substantial energy savings whenever the space is occupied below the design level.[citation needed]edit Local exhaust ventilationLocal exhaust ventilation addresses the issue of avoiding the contamination of indoor air by specific high-emission sources by capturing airborne contaminants before they are spread into the environment. This can include water vapor control, lavatory bioeffluent control, solvent vapors from industrial processes, and dust from wood- and metal-working machinery. Air can be exhausted through pressurized hoods or through the use of fans and pressurizing a specific area.[12]A local exhaust system is composed of 5 basic parts1 A hood that captures the contaminant at its source2Ducts for transporting the air3An air-cleaning device that removes/minimizes the contaminant4 A fan that moves the air through the system5An exhaust stack through which the contaminated air is discharged[12]edit Ventilation and combustionCombustion (e.g., fireplace, gas heater, candle, oil lamp, etc.) consumes oxygen while producing carbon dioxide and other unhealthy gases and smoke, requiring ventilation air. An open chimney promotes infiltration (i.e. natural ventilation) because of the negative pressure change induced by the buoyant, warmer air leaving through the chimney. The warm air is typically replaced by heavier, cold air.Ventilation in a structure is also needed for removing water vapor produced by respiration, burning, and cooking, and for removing odors. If water vapor is permitted to accumulate, it may damage the structure, insulation, or finishes[citation needed]. When operating, an air conditioner usually removes excess moisture from the air. A dehumidifier may also be appropriate for removing airborne moisture.edit Smoking and ventilationASHRAE standard 62 states that air removed from an area with environmental tobacco smoke shall not be recirculated into ETS-free air. A space with ETS requires more ventilation to achieve similar perceived air quality to that of a non-smoking environment.The amount of ventilation in an ETS area is equal to the amount of ETS-free area plus the amount V, where: V = DSD × VA × A/60E▪V = recommended extra flow rate in CFM (L/s)▪DSD = design smoking density (estimated number of cigarettes smoked per hour per unit area) ▪VA = volume of ventilation air per cigarette for the room being designed (ft3/cig]▪ E = contaminant removal effectiveness[6]edit ProblemsIn hot, humid climates, unconditioned ventilation air will deliver approximately one pound of water each day for each cfm of outdoor air per day, annual average. This is a great deal of moisture, and it can create serious indoor moisture and mold problems.▪Ventilation efficiency is determined by design and layout, and is dependent upon placement and proximity of diffusers and return air outlets. If they are located closely together, supply air may mix with stale air, decreasing efficiency of the HVAC system, and creating air quality problems.▪System imbalances occur when components of the HVAC system are improperly adjusted orinstalled, and can create pressure differences (too much circulating air creating a draft or too little circulating air creating stagnancy).▪Cross-contamination occurs when pressure differences arise, forcing potentially contaminated air from one zone to an uncontaminated zone. This often involves undesired odors or VOCs.▪Re-entry of exhaust air occurs when exhaust outlets and fresh air intakes are either too close, or prevailing winds change exhaust patterns, or by infiltration between intake and exhaust air flows.▪Entrainment of contaminated outside air through intake flows will result in indoor aircontamination. There are a variety of contaminated air sources, ranging from industrial effluent to VOCs put off by nearby construction work.[13]edit Air Quality ProceduresVentilation Rate Procedure is rate based on standard, and “prescribes the rate at which ventilation air must be delivered to a space and various means to condition that air.”[14] Air quality is assessed (through CO2 measurement) and ventilation rates are mathematically derived using constants.Indoor Air Quality Procedure “uses one or more guidelines for the specification of acceptable concentrations of certain contaminants in indoor air but does not prescribe ventilation rates or air treatment methods.”[14] This addresses both quantitative and subjective evaluation, and is based on the Ventilation Rate Procedure. It also accounts for potential contaminants that may have no measured limits, or limits are not set (such as formaldehyde offgassing from carpet and furniture).。

ventilation的词义和翻译:
ventilation的词根是vent,意思是通风、开口。

加上后缀ation后,ventilation就是名词通风;通风设备。

ventilation可翻译为通风、风化、通风设备、换气等。

ventilation的记忆方法:
1. ventilation和vent 风联想,表示和风、通风有关。

2. 和advantage 效益中的age养育联想,ventilation提供养分、让人充满活力。

3. 联想新风系统的安装,提升室内空气流通,这个系统提供的是ventilation。

4. 与invent 发明单词联想,科学家发明了自然通风的房屋设计或通风设备。

通过这样联想,可以记住ventilation就是通风的意思。

在描述房屋、系统时表示提供通风和换气。

它通过流动的空气给人带来多种好处。

这就是关于ventilation这个词的详细理解和记忆方法,形成了一篇系统的描述文章。

重点是从词源和联想中找记忆与理解的线索。

矿业工程专业词汇V v belt v形皮带v cut 角锥形掏槽v vat 锥形分级机vacant place 采空区vacuole 空泡vacuum brake 真空闸vacuum concrete 真空混凝土vacuum drying 真空干燥vacuum filter 真空过滤机vacuum gauge 真空计vacuum impregnation 真空浸渍vacuum pump 真空泵vacuum treated 真空混凝土valence 原子价valency 原子价valentinite 锑华valuation 评价value 值valve 阀valve seat 阀座vanadinite 钒铅矿vanadium 钒vane 视准器vanner 带式鳞vanning jig 振筛跳汰机vapor 蒸汽vaporization 蒸发vaporizer 蒸发器vapour 蒸汽variable 可变的variable motion 变速运动variation 变化variometer 变感器variscite 磷铝石vaseline 凡土林vat 大桶vault 拱顶vector 矢vehicle 运输容器vein 矿脉vein rock 脉岩vein stuff 脉石vein wall 脉壁veinlet 细脉veinstone 脉石velocity 速度velocity diagram 速度图velocity of detonation 爆轰速度velocity of flow 临velocity of propagation 传播速度velocity of rotation 旋转速度vent drift 通风平巷vent pipe 风管ventilate 通风ventilating air 新鲜空气ventilating characteristic 通风网路特性ventilating current 风流ventilating device 通风装置ventilating entry 通风平巷ventilating fan 扇风机ventilating furnace 通风炉ventilating raise 通风天井ventilating resistance 通风阻力ventilating roadway 通风平巷ventilating shaft 风井ventilation 通风ventilation adit 通风平硐ventilation breakthrough 通风联络巷ventilation by high presseure 压入式通风ventilation by low pressure 吸出式通风ventilation by means of boundary shafts 对边通风ventilation characteristic 通风网路特性ventilation compartment 通风隔间ventilation connection 通风联络巷ventilation diagram 通风系统图ventilation door 风门ventilation lateral 水平风巷ventilation level 通风水平ventilation map 通风图ventilation measuring point 测风点ventilation method 通风法ventilation network 矿井通风系统ventilation pipe 风管ventilation plan 通风计划ventilation pressure 通风压ventilation psychrometer 通风式湿度计ventilation raise 通风天井ventilation reversal 反向通风ventilation scheme 通风系统图ventilation shaft 风井ventilation survey 通风测量ventilation system 通风系统ventilation tube 风管ventilator 通风机vermiculite 蛭石vermilion 辰砂vernier 游标vertical 垂直的vertical boring tool 立式钻具vertical compressor 立式压缩机vertical cut 竖掏槽vertical displacement 垂直变位vertical exploratory opening 勘探竖井vertical kerf 竖掏槽vertical section 垂直断面vertical set 完全棚子vertical shaft 直井vertical wedge cut 垂直楔形掏槽vertical working 垂直巷道very gassy mine 超级沼气矿vesicle 小气泡vessel 容器vesuvian 符山石vesuvianite 符山石vibrate 振动vibrated concrete 振实的混凝土vibrating ball mill 振动球磨机vibrating chute 振动式滑槽vibrating dryer 振动干燥机vibrating feeder 振动给矿机vibrating mill 振动磨碎机vibrating screen 振动筛vibrating sieve 振动筛vibrating system 振动系统vibrating table 振动台vibration 振动vibration blasting 振动爆破vibration damper 减震器vibration frequency 振动频率vibration meter 测振仪vibration mill 振动磨碎机vibration milling 振动磨矿vibration of blasting 爆破震动vibration spectrum 振动光谱vibratory feeder 振动式给矿机vibratory percussive drilling 振冲式钻孔vibratory rotary drilling 振动旋转钻眼vibratory transport 振动运输vibratory trough 振动槽vibrocast concrete 振实的混凝土vibrodrill 振动钻机vibrodrilling 振动打钻vibrofeeder 振动给矿机vibrograph 示振器vibrometer 测振仪vice 虎钳vickers hardness number 维克尔斯硬度指数violent outburst 竖烈突出virgin rock 原生岩石viscidity 粘度viscosimeter 粘度计viscosimetry 粘度定法viscosity 粘度viscosity coefficient 粘性系数viscosity test 粘度试验viscous 粘滞的viscous flow 粘性怜viscous fluid 粘性铃viscous friction 粘性摩擦viscous liquid 粘性液体vise 虎钳visibility 能见度vision 视力vitiated air 污浊空气vitrain 镜煤vitriol 矾vivianite 蓝铁矿vogesite 闪辉正煌岩void content 空隙度void ratio 孔隙比voidage 空隙度volatile 挥发性的volatile matter content 挥发物含量volatility 挥发性volcanic breccia 火山角砾岩volcanic rock 火山岩volcanics 火山岩volcano 火山volume 体积volume adjustable hydraulic pump 变量液压泵volume concentration 体积浓度volume delivery pump 容积式泵volume density 体积密度volume extraction ratio 矿床总体积和采空区总体积之比volume of explosion gas 瓦斯爆炸体积volume shrinkage 体积收缩volumetric 体积的volumetric analysis 容量分析volumetric efficiency 容积效率volumetric expansion 体积膨胀vortex 涡旋vulcanization 硫化vulcanizer 硫化器。

呼吸机英文简写翻译A/C (Assist/Control) (辅助/控制)A/CV：assist-control ventilation辅助/控制通气，APNEA setup ['æpnɪə]窒息(通气模式)设置spont模式下，呼吸消失时启动此模式，一般设置Ta为20秒，即呼吸停20秒启动此模式CURRENT setup现在的最近的设置PEEP Positive expiratory end pressure [ˈpɑ:zətiv](正的)呼气末正压SPONT [s'pant] 自主呼吸模式N-SPONT无创自主呼吸模式Pi Inspiration pressure 吸气压力IBW Ideal body weight 理想体重计算PC pressure Control压力控制PSV： preassure support ventilation [ˌventɪ'leɪʃn]（空气流通）压力支持通气，VC volume control [ˈvɑ:lju:m]容量控制V Ventilation [ˌventi'leiʃn]通气S Spontaneous [spɑ:nˈteiniəs]自主A Assisted [əˈsɪst]辅助C Control控制I Inspiration [ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn]吸气E Expiratory [ɪks'paɪətəri]呼气f frequency [ˈfrikwənsi]频率I:E 吸呼比P I END 吸气末压力P E END 呼吸末压力P peak 气道峰压P plat 平台压V TE 呼出潮气量VT (Tidal Volume）tidal [ˈtaidl]潮汐的Volume潮气量V E TOT 呼出总分钟通气量f TOT 总呼吸频率MV minute ventilation：每分通气MV Mechanical Ventilation 机械通气P CIRC MAX 峰值压力Expiratory trigger sensitivity [ˈtriɡɚ]（扳机）[ˌsensəˈtivəti](灵敏)呼气触发灵敏度Peak Flow 吸气峰流速Test Alarms [əˈlɑ:m]（警报）测试报警SIMV：synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation 同步间歇指令通气['sɪŋkrənaɪzd]（同步的）[ˌɪntəˈmitənt]间歇的[ˈmændət əri]命令的CMV （Synchronized）Control Mechanical Ventilation (同步)控制机械通气TPL time Plat 平台时间V-trig Flow trigger 流速触发P-trig pressure trigger压力触发trigger off 触发关闭Trigger Type 触发模式Spontaneous Type 自主呼吸方式Mandatory Type 指令模式Pmean Mean pressure 平均压Plat pressure 平台压Apnoea ventilation 窒息通气ASB Assisted Spontaneous Breath 辅助自主呼吸ST模式，相当于两个模式同时启运，自由切换。

医学英语——呼吸的医用术语VT tidal volume 潮气容积TLC total lung capacity 肺总量VC vital capacity 肺活量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量ERC expiratory reserve capacity 补呼吸量RV residual volume 残气容积FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量CL compliance of lung 肺顺应性CSt static compliance 静态顺应性Cdgn dyanamic compliance 动态顺应性Raw air way resistance 气道阻力MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 自主通气MBC maximal breathing capacity 通气量FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second 第1秒用力呼气量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量MMFR forced expiratory flow during middle half of the FVC 呼气中期流速PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 呼气峰流量D dead space ventilation 死腔通气量E minute ventilation 分钟通气量PVR pulmonary vascular resistance 肺血管阻力Palv alveolar pressure 肺泡压Ppa pulmonary artery pressure 肺动脉压，灌注压Palv-Pc alveolar pressure-capillary pressure 血管腔内与腔外压力差PV pressure of vein 静脉端压力医学教.育网搜集PLA left atrial pressure 左房压FiO2 fraction of inspire O2 吸入气中氧浓度分数R respiratory exchange ratio 呼吸交换指数CVO2 oxygen content of mixed blood 混合静脉血氧含量QS pulmonary shunt 肺内分流Q volume of blood 血容量rate of blood flow 血流速率V gas volume in general（pressure，temperature，and water vapor tensionmust also be given）总气量gas volume per unit time；rate of gas flow 单位气流量，通气速率FAO2 fraction of alveolar oxygen 肺泡分氧浓度分数T tidal gas 潮气v mixed venous blood 混合静脉血。

《通风工程》专业词汇（第一章绪论部分）acute poisoning 急性中毒aerosol 气溶胶air distribution 空气分布，气流组织air current 气流air contaminant 空气污染物air contamination 空气污染air motion 空气运动，气流air movement 气流，空气流动air parameter 空气参数air pollutant 空气污染物air pollution 大气污染air pollution control 空气污染控制air stream 气流air temperature 空气温度air velocity 风速，空气速度air volume 空气体积anesthesia gas 麻醉性气体asbestos dust and asbestosis 石棉粉尘和石棉肺asphyxiating gas 窒息性气体atmosphere 大气，大气压atmospheric pollution 大气污染atmospheric pressure 大气压力atmospheric temperature 大气温度benzene 苯capture velocity 控制风速chromium 铬chronic poisoning 慢性中毒concentration of harmful substance 有害物质浓度control velocity 控制风速corrosion gas 腐蚀性气体critical value 临界值displacement ventilation 置换通风dilution ventilation 稀释通风duct 风管dust 粉尘dust source 尘源emergency ventilation 事故通风emission concentration 排放浓度entirely ventilation 全面通风evaporation 蒸发exhaust air rate 排风量fan 风机forced ventilation 机械通风free silicon dioxide 游离二氧化硅fume 烟〔雾〕fumes 烟气general air change 全面通风general exhaust ventilation (GEV) 全面排风general ventilation 全面通风granulometric distribution 粒径分布harmful gas and vapor 有害气体harmful substance 有害物质health standard 卫生标准hood 排风罩inhalable dust 可吸入性粉尘industrial ventilation 工业通风intensity of work 工作强度irritant gas 刺激性气体lead 铅local air supply system 局部送风系统local exhaust ventilation（LEV）局部排风local ventilation 局部通风local relief 局部送风lower limit value 下限值manganese 锰mass concentration 质量浓度maximum allowable concentration（MAC）最高容许浓度maximum permissible limit 最大容许限值mechanical ventilation 机械通风mercury 汞mist 雾natural ventilation 自然通风number concentration 计数浓度nickel 镍occupational diseases 职业病particle 粒子particle number concentration 计数浓度particulate 粒子particle size 粒径particle size distribution 粒径分布permissible exposure limit（PEL）容许接触限值pneumoconiosis 尘肺poison’s absorption 毒物的吸收productive dust 生产性粉尘pulvation action 尘化作用radiation 辐射reentrainment of dust 二次扬尘reference value 参考值regulation for occupational health 劳动卫生法规respirable dust 呼吸性粉尘sedimentation 沉降settling velocity 沉降速度silicosis 矽肺smoke 烟[尘] suspended velocity 悬浮速度threshold limit value ceiling (TLVC) 上限值toxicity 毒性upper limit value 上限值vapor 蒸气velocity 速度ventilation 通风volumetric concentration 体积浓度zinc 锌《通风工程》专业词汇（第二章自然通风）air leak (air leakage) 漏气，空气渗漏air permeation 空气渗透airflow pattern 气流形式airflow rate 气流率；空气流量airflow resistance 气流阻力attic ventilation 阁楼通风atria 前室,前庭baffle 挡[隔]板，折流板，导流板baffle board 烟囱风帽；挡板，折流板baffle plate 挡风板building envelope 围护结构building flow zones 建筑气流区chimney (排气)烟囱components [通风]部件controlled natural ventilation 有组织自然通风conical cowl; tapered cowl 伞形风帽，锥形风帽contour zone 稳定气流区cross-ventilation 穿堂风cylindrical ventilator 筒形风帽double facade 双层幕墙down draft 倒灌embedded duct 预埋管excess pressure 余压exfiltration 逸出hot workshop 热车间infiltration 渗透neutral (pressure) level; neutral zone 中和界organized natural ventilation 有组织自然通风passive cooling 被动降温protected [roof] monitor 避风天窗stack ventilation 烟囱通风thermal buoyancy 热浮力thermal pressure 热压uncontrolled (unorganized) matural ventilation 无组织自然通风ventilated roof 通风屋顶wind blow in 倒灌wind pressure 风压wind-proofed monitor 避风天窗wind shield 挡风板wind tower 风塔wind scoop 风斗zone of aerodynamic shadow 空气动力阴影区zone of negative pressure 负压区zone of positive pressure 正压区zone of recirculating flow 空气动力阴影区zone of wake 尾流区《通风工程》专业词汇（第三章机械通风和多元通风部分）air balance 风量平衡air channel 风道air discharge 排气air draft; air draught 通风，气流air duct 风管、风道air filter 空气过滤器air filtration 空气过滤air inlet; air opening; exhaust opening or inlet 风口air intake 进风口air outlet 送风口，空气出口air quality 空气质量air rate; ventilation rate 通风量air return 回风air supply 送风，进风air supply grille 送风口airway 空气通道air zoning 分区送风balance ventilation 平衡通风exhaust air rate 排风量exhaust fan 排风机exhaust opening; exhaust inlet 吸风口exit; exhaust outlet 排风口fan; ventilation fan 通风机mechanical air supply system 机械送风系统mechanical exhaust system 机械排风系统mechanical ventilating system 机械通风系统plume; smoke plume 烟羽supply air rate 进风量supply fan 送风机vent; ventilation opening 通风口ventilating duct; vent duct; ventilation duct 通风管道ventilation equipment; ventilation facilities 通风设备vent pipe 通风管；排气管ventilation shaft 通风井ventilation system 通风系统。

呼吸机通气模式英文称（1）CMV：持续控制通气，continuous mandatory ventilation（2）IPPV：间隙正压通气，intermittent positive preassure ventilation （3）A/CV：辅助/控制通气，assist-control ventilation（4）PC：压力控制，preassure control（5）VC：容量控制，volume control（6）IMV：间隙指令通气，intermittent mandatory ventilation（7）SIMV：同步间隙指令通气，synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation （8）PSV：压力支持通气，preassure support ventilation（9）VSV：容量支持通气，volume support ventilation（10）MMV：指令每分通气，mandatory minute ventilation（11）PRVC：压力调节容量控制，preassure regulated volume control（12）PAV：成比例辅助通气，proportional assist ventilation（13）APRV：气道压力释放通气，airway preassure release ventilation（14）VAPSV：容量保障压力支持通气,volume assured preassure support ventilation（15）PA：压力扩增，preassure augmentation（16）ASV：适应性支持通气，adaptive support ventilation（17）APV：适应性压力通气，adaptive preassure ventilation（18）BiPAP：双水平或双相气道正压，bilevel or biphasic positive airway preassure（19）PEEP：呼气末正压，positive end-expiratory preassure（20）CPAP：持续气道正压，continuous positive airway preassure。