6Pressuretargetedventilation
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机械通气参数设置英文Mechanical ventilation is a critical component of critical care medicine, used to support or replace spontaneous breathing in patients who are unable to maintain adequate gas exchange. The parameters of mechanical ventilation must be carefully set to ensure optimal patient outcomes while minimizing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury.In setting mechanical ventilation parameters, several factors need to be considered, including the patient's age, weight, height, underlying lung disease, and the etiology of respiratory failure. The ventilator mode, tidal volume, respiratory rate, FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen), and PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) are among the key parameters that need to be adjusted.Ventilator Mode.The ventilator mode determines how the ventilatordelivers breaths to the patient. The most common modes are volume-controlled ventilation (VCV), pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV), and assist-control ventilation (ACV). In VCV, the ventilator delivers a fixed tidal volume at a set respiratory rate, regardless of the patient's effort. In PCV, the ventilator delivers a fixed pressure, and thetidal volume is determined by the patient's compliance and resistance. In ACV, the ventilator provides breaths at a set rate, but allows the patient to trigger additional breaths as needed.Tidal Volume.Tidal volume refers to the volume of air delivered to the patient during each breath. It is typically measured in milliliters (mL) and is adjusted based on the patient's weight and lung compliance. In adults, a tidal volume of 6-8 mL/kg of predicted body weight is generally recommended. However, this may need to be adjusted based on thepatient's clinical condition and response to ventilation.Respiratory Rate.Respiratory rate refers to the number of breaths delivered to the patient per minute. It is typically set based on the patient's baseline respiratory rate and adjusted as needed to maintain normocapnia (normal carbon dioxide levels). In adults, a respiratory rate of 12-20 breaths/minute is generally recommended. However, this may need to be increased or decreased based on the patient's condition and response to ventilation.FiO2。
呼吸机常⽤术语英汉对呼吸机常⽤术语英汉对照Assist 辅助Apnea 窒息Applicable 适⽤的Anesthtics ⿇醉的Adaption 适应Adult 成⼈AUTO ⾃动Auto flow ⾃动流速ASV adaptive support ventilation 适应性通⽓APRV airway pressure release ventilation 压⼒释放通⽓A/C Assist/Control 辅助/控制Above 在------上⾯Accept, enter 确认Airway ⽓道Alarm 报警APV adaptive pressure ventilation 适应性压⼒通⽓Automatic ⾃动的Adimit 接收Additional 补充的Activate 激活,使运⾏BiPAP Bi-level positive airway pressure 双⽔平正压通⽓Brightness 明亮度Biomedical ⽣物医学的Breath 呼吸Battery 电池Basic 基础的Barometer ⽓压计C , compliance 顺应性Cell 电池Comprehensive 综合的comptent 适当的CMV 控制性机械通⽓controlled mechanical ventilationCPAP 持续⽓道正压continous positive Airway pressurecalibration 定标curve 曲线configuration 配置Cstat , static compliance 静态顺应性current 当前的Cdyn , dynamic compliance 动态顺应性continue 继续Cycle 循环CMV controlled mandatory ventilation 控制指令通⽓Close 关闭Clear 清楚Copy 复制Code 编码Data 数据Charge 充电Combustible Compensation 补偿Check 检查Caution 警告Cassette 盒capacity 容量Concentration /cnc. 浓度cursor 光标Calibrate 标准刻度Disable 使不起作⽤Decrease 递减Diagnotic 诊断的Diplay 显⽰Defaults 默认的Disconnection 管道脱开dicimal ⼗进制的Exit 退出EST 扩展⾃检EXP.TRIG 呼⽓触发Exp.pause 呼⽓暂停Error 错误External 外部的Exhaled 呼出的Exhaled valve 呼出阀E呼出触发灵敏度Et CO2 呼出⽓⼆氧化碳ETS ,SENSFreeze 冻结format 板式fast 快 filter 过滤器 low-by 持续基础⽓流 fuse 保险丝TOT f 总的呼吸频率f, respiratory rate 呼吸频率 spontf ⾃主呼吸频率flammable 易燃的graphics 图形 gas trapping ⽓体陷闭humidifier 加热器 flow 流量 HME ⼈⼯⿐ History 历史 Hour ⼩时 Heat 加热 Hazard 危险Insp cycle off =ETS 呼⽓触发灵敏度 Ignition 燃烧 Internal 内部的 Interval 间隔的 Insp.pause 吸⽓暂停 Insp./exp.Hold 吸⽓/呼⽓保持 ILV ,independent ventilation 分侧肺通⽓ IRV ,inverse ratido ventilation 反⽐通⽓ I:E 吸呼⽐ infant 婴⼉I.TRIG 吸⽓触发 installed 已安装的 IPPV intermittent positive pressure ventilation 间歇正压通⽓leak 漏⽓ lung 肺 liter 升 limb 分⽀ log ⽇志 lock 加锁 limit 限制 loop 环monitoring 监护 manual Insp ⼿动吸⽓ MMV mandatoey minute ventilation 分钟指令通⽓ mute 静⾳ medium 中间的 menu 菜单 manual ⼿动的measure 测量 MVspont , Espont V ⾃主呼吸分钟通⽓量 mask ⾯罩 mode 模式MV ,minute volume ,E V 分钟通⽓量 mandatory 机器的 Membrane 薄膜 maintenance 保养 Modules 模块nebulizer /nebulization 雾化 nebulized inhalation 雾化吸⼊ NPPV non-invasive positive support ventilation ⽆创正压通⽓ on 开 off 关oxygen 氧⽓ obstruct 挡住 option 选择pediatric ⼩⼉ panel ⾯板procedure 程序 power 电源PEEP ,positive end-expiratory pressure 呼⽓末正压 PEEPi ,auto PEEP 内源性PEEP Plot 平⾯图 PS , SUPP P (pressure support) 压⼒⽀持Pmean ⽓道平均压 Plateau 平台PPS proportional pressure support ventilation 成⽐例压⼒⽀持通⽓ PC ,pressure control 压⼒控制 Pramp 压⼒上升斜率1.0P ⼝腔闭合压 Ppeak 峰压 Proposed 预设的 P-SIMV 压控的SIMV P-TRIG 压⼒触发 Patient 病⼈ Pressure 压⼒ Pass 通过PSV , SPONT , ASB 压⼒⽀持通⽓P m ax maximal airway pressure 最⼤⽓道压⼒Pplat plateau airway pressure 平台⽓道压⼒Peak inspiration flow 峰值吸⽓流速 Peak P peak airway pressure 峰值⽓道压⼒mean P mean airway pressure ⽓道平均压⼒personnalPrevious 先前的 P-V loop 压⼒-容量环 Probe 探头 Profile 描绘轮廓I P 吸⽓压L p低压 H P⾼压 END I PPost开机⾃检PRVC 压⼒调节容量控制 pressure requlated volune control Preventive 预防性的Qualified 有资格的R , risistance 阻⼒ RSBI 浅快呼吸指数 Rexp 呼⽓阻⼒ Respiration 呼吸 Rstat 静态顺应性 Rdyn 动态顺应性 Rise time 上升时间 Review 回顾 RAMP 三⾓波 Result 结果 Recommend 推荐的Setting 设置 Status 状态 Setup 组织 SST 快速⾃检 Switchover 切换 sensor 传感器 second 秒 special 特别 slope 斜率 slow 慢 spontaneous ⾃主的 system 系统 spont ⾃主呼吸 sensitivity 灵敏度 square ⽅波 standby 待机SIMV 同步间歇指令通⽓synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation Suction 抽吸 Sweep 清除 Scale 范围 Speed 速度Screen 屏幕 Silence 静⾳Sound 声⾳Sigh 叹息 Smart sigh 智能叹息 separator 分离器Throughly E T 呼⽓时间Tracheal intuation ⽓管插管 TC ,time constant 时间常数Trap 陷闭 I T吸⽓时间Ta 窒息时间 Type 类型 Tool ⼯具 Temperature 温度 tachypnoea 呼吸急促 Test 测试 Total TOT 总的Trigger 触发Unlocked 解除锁定VS 容量⽀持Ventilator 呼吸机Ventilation 通⽓ VT ,tidal volume 潮⽓量 Ve ,expiraory volume 呼⽓量 Vi ,inspired volume 吸⽓量 Valve 阀门 Velocity 流量 TE V 呼出⽓潮⽓量DS V 死腔量V-TRIG 流量触发 V olume 容积VSV ,volume support ventilation 容量⽀持通⽓V APSV ,volume assured pressure support ventilation 容量保证压⼒⽀持通⽓ Version 版本,说明 value 值WOBv ,work of breathing by ventilator 呼吸机做功 WOBp work of breathing by patient 病⼈⾃主做功 Waveform 波形 Wire导线 wye Y 型管%IBM 理想体重百分⽐Use knob to adjust 使⽤圆柄调整To cancle touch the setting button 要退出请按设置键 applies to mannal INSP ONL Y 尽使⽤于⼿动吸⽓时last 2 spont breath <low/high frequency 低的/⾼的呼吸频率 O2 cell Calibration required 需要氧电池定标↑/↓ Vte mand 机控呼出⽓量增加/减少low AC power 低交流电压↑/↓Vte spont ⾃主潮⽓量增加/减少 low/high minute volume 低/⾼分钟通⽓量no compressor air 压缩泵没有空⽓↑↓PEAK 峰压上升/下降high/low pressure ⾼压/低压device alert 设备警告low pressure O2/air inlet ⼊氧⽓/空⽓压⼒过低Exhalation valve leak 出阀漏⽓1标准⼤⽓压=76cmHg=1033cmH2O=103Kpa50PSI(1磅⼒每平⽅英⼨)=3500cmH2O/cm.cm=350Kpa/cm.cm=3.5kg/cm.cm840快速⾃检SST Flow sensor 快速⾃检流量传感器Connect circuit with insp filter and without humidifier 脱开湿化器,管路与吸⼊过滤器连接Block wye 阻断Y型接⼝Test …….. 测试进⾏中Connect humidifier if applicable 如有湿化器请连接Circuit pressure test 管路压⼒测试Circuit leak 管路漏⽓Disconnect at from-patient port 脱开病⼈呼出端⼝Expiratory filter 呼出过滤器Connect to from-patient port 连接病⼈呼出端⼝Unblock wye 开放Y型接⼝Circuit resistance 管路阻⼒Compliance calibration 顺应性校准Is water in humidifier ? 湿化器内是否有⽔If yes : press ACCEPT : if no : press CLEAR若有,请按确认键;若没有,请按清除键To exit : touch EXIT SST 退出,触摸“退出SST”键。
机械通气最基础的名词解释机械通气最基础的名词解释1.机械通气支持Mechanically ventilatory support(或机械通气mechanical ventilation):当呼吸器官不能维持正常的气体交换,即发生呼吸衰竭时,以机械装置代替或辅助呼吸肌的工作,称为机械通气支持。
但机械通气只是一种支持手段,不能消除呼吸衰竭的病因,只能为采取针对呼吸衰竭病因的各种治疗争取时间和创造条件。
2.人工气道artificial airway:是将导管直接插入气管或经上呼吸道插入气管所建立的气体通道,为气道的有效引流、通畅及机械通气提供条件。
目前建立人工气道最常用的方法是气管插管和气管切开。
3.正压通气positive pressure ventilation:在机械通气过程中呼吸机提供的通气压力高于大气压。
正压通气改变了机体的正常生理状况,因此在应用时必须对生命体征进行监测以保证安全。
4.负压通气negative pressure ventilation:是无创性通气技术的一种,通过将负压周期性地作用于体表(主要是胸部和上腹部),使肺内压降低而产生通气。
主要特点是无需建立人工气道,没有气管插管及正压通气引起呼吸道感染和气压伤的危险,且不需要使用镇静剂,保留吞咽和咳嗽功能,病人与医护人员可以交流,对呼吸肌疲劳有休息恢复的作用,病人可以长期耐受。
5.吸气峰压peak inspiratory pressure,PIP:呼吸机送气过程中的最高压力。
6.平台压力plateau pressue,Ppl:平台压力是指吸气末屏气0.5秒(吸气和呼气阀关闭,气流为零)时的气道压力,与肺泡峰值压力较为接近。
压力控制通气时,如吸气最后0.5秒的气流流速为零,则预设压力即为平台压力。
7.平均气道压mean airway pressure,MAP:是指整个呼吸周期的平均气道压力,在正压通气时与肺泡充盈效果和心脏灌注效果相关,直接受吸气时间影响。