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腹水脱落细胞学检查的操作流程英文回答：Procedure for Cytological Examination of Ascitic Fluid.1. Collection: Ascitic fluid should be collected using aseptic technique, preferably by paracentesis. The sample should be placed in a sterile container and sent to the cytology laboratory as soon as possible.2. Preparation of Slides:Direct smear: A drop of ascitic fluid is placed on a glass slide and air-dried.Cytospin preparation: Ascitic fluid is centrifuged to concentrate the cells, which are then transferred to a slide using a cytospin centrifuge.3. Staining: The slides are stained using a Romanowsky-type stain, such as Wright-Giemsa or Papanicolaou stain.4. Microscopic Examination: The stained slides are examined under a microscope by a trained cytologist. The cytologist evaluates the cellular composition, morphology, and any abnormal findings.5. Interpretation: The cytological report typically includes a description of the cellular composition, any abnormal findings, and a diagnostic interpretation. The interpretation may include:Benign: No malignant or premalignant cells are identified.Malignant: Malignant cells are identified, indicating the presence of cancer.Suspicious: Atypical or inconclusive cells are present, requiring further evaluation.Non-diagnostic: The sample is inadequate or thecellular composition is not interpretable.中文回答：腹水脱落细胞学检查操作流程。
脱落细胞学检查、DNA 倍体分析与血清肿瘤标志物联合检测诊断恶性胸腹水的价值杨倩【摘要】Objective:To compare the clinical value of the detection of exfoliative cytology,serum tumor markers and DNA heteroploid analysis in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion and ascite. Methods:The exfoliative cytology, serum tumor markers, DNA heteroploid analysis in 128 patients with peural effusion and ascite were investigated, the sensibilities between three tests were compared. Results:The positive rate of exfoliative cytology testing was 43. 75%. The positive rate of exfoliative cytology joint DNA heteroploid analysis was 83. 33%,with individual exfoliative cytology,the positive rate was statistically significant(P<0. 01). The positive rate of serum tumor markers joint testing was 81. 25%, the difference had statistically significant compared with CA125 and AFP single detection(P<0. 01). Conclusions:The jiont detection of exfoliative cytology,serum tumor markers and DNA heteroploid analysis can improve the detection rate of malignant pleural effusion and ascite.%目的：：比较脱落细胞学检查、DNA倍体分析与血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对恶性胸腹水的诊断价值。
脱落细胞学检查对胸腹腔积液的临床诊断价值发表时间：2018-11-22T12:03:15.683Z 来源：《医药前沿》2018年27期作者：罗国忠沈振华吴宗丙莫臣刚段彦林于烽[导读] 分析并探讨脱落细胞学检查对胸腹腔积液的临床诊断价值，得出结果可为后续的临床诊断提供有价值的依据罗国忠沈振华吴宗丙莫臣刚段彦林于烽（黔南州中医医院贵州黔南 558000）【摘要】目的：分析并探讨脱落细胞学检查对胸腹腔积液的临床诊断价值，得出结果可为后续的临床诊断提供有价值的依据。
方法：选择我院2015-01-01至2017-01-31收治的130例胸腹腔积液患者为研究对象,对所有患者假阳性率、假阴性率、阴性率、阳性率进行判定，分析脱落细胞学检查对胸腹腔积液的临床诊断价值。
结果：对130例患者样本进行检查后，积液细胞学检查具体结果如下所示：阴性（Ⅰ级）患者为105例（80.77%），假阳性（Ⅱ级）患者为10例（7.69%），阳性（Ⅲ级）患者为15例（11.53%）。
检测结果为假阳性和阳性患者共有25例(23.81%)，其中明确确定诊断为恶性肿瘤的患者共有4例，检出率为（3.07%）。
结论：细胞形态学是诊断恶性胸腔积液的金标准，用于胸腹水细胞学检查，不仅具有较高的阳性检出率，且操作起来简单方便。
【关键词】脱落细胞学检查；胸腹腔积液；临床诊断价值【中图分类号】R730.4 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-1752（2018）27-0241-02正常情况下，人体胸腔内会存有10～30ml的少量液体；但若毛细血管吸收下降且其通透性增强等均会影响胸液的渗出、吸收环节，如液体超过300ml便会使胸腔内形成积液。
胸腹腔积液的发病原因较为复杂，其中包括胸腹腔炎症、肿瘤等多种原因，既可由胸腹膜本身的病变引起，也会在其它器官发生病变时出现该病症，如胸痛、发热等症状，病变过程中可以产生胸腔积液[1]。
因此，对该疾病患者进行早期的临床检查非常重要，体格检查、影像学检查、细胞学检查均属于临床常用的几种诊断方法。
免疫组化在胸腹水脱落细胞诊断中的作用
陈立群;王敏;邹俊芝;李奕
【期刊名称】《中国肺癌杂志》
【年(卷),期】2009(12)6
【摘要】胸腹水脱落细胞学检查由于损伤小、方法简易、所用时间较短,已成为诊断肿瘤的重要方法。
然而,单一的涂片方法受到多种因素的影响,缺少组织学结构,阳性率低，分类困难，给诊断带来了不少网扰。
免疫组化技术在脱落细胞学中的应用，提高了肿瘤细胞的阳性检出率。
笔者在工作中经过反复实践探索，取得了较满意的效果，现将方法介绍如下：
【总页数】2页(P697-698)
【作者】陈立群;王敏;邹俊芝;李奕
【作者单位】110014,沈阳,辽宁省肿瘤医院病理科;110014,沈阳,辽宁省肿瘤医院
病理科;110014,沈阳,辽宁省肿瘤医院病理科;110014,沈阳,辽宁省肿瘤医院病理科【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】R73
【相关文献】
1.免疫组化法检测脱落细胞端粒酶活性在良、恶性胸腹水鉴别中的应用 [J], 于秀艳;王振明;朱华;高海燕
2.氯化铵去红细胞法在血性胸腹水脱落细胞学诊断中应用 [J], 潘献柱;潘献晓;陈命家
3.用免疫细胞化学鉴别胸腹水脱落细胞在肿瘤诊断中的价值 [J], 杨峰
4.胸腹水脱落细胞染色体分析对诊断恶性疾病的作用 [J], 李月秋;张淑宏
5.液基细胞学和免疫组化联合检查对恶性胸腹水的诊断作用分析 [J], 黎钰凤因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
胸腹水癌细胞形态学检验诊断分析摘要：目的对胸腹水癌细胞形态学检验诊断价值进行评价分析，为今后的临床检验与诊断提供可靠的参考依据。
方法收集2022年1月～2022年12月我院癌细胞胸腹水标本321份，对其展开细胞形态学检验，并对检验结果进行统计分析。
结果本组321份胸腹水标本经细胞学检查发现癌细胞者140例，阳性率为43.61%；免疫组化检测中发现癌胚抗原（CEA）阳性率达82.14%。
结论胸腹水癌细胞形态学检查在临床诊断中的准确性较高，临床价值显著。
关键词：胸腹水；腺癌；鳞癌；癌细胞形态学；细胞免疫临床上胸腹水脱落肿瘤细胞学检验诊断为检验学中的一个弱项，究其原因发现主要包括以下三点[1]：①出版的相关专著多从病理学方法与视角进行介绍，因此对于检验医学细胞形态学诊断不适用；②检验医学对胸腹水脱落细胞学检验诊断基础、技能教学、培养的投入不足；③胸腹水肿瘤细胞学，即便是同一病例的标本也经常会表现出千姿百态的形态，因此在评估的过程中需要借助临床和病理基础，因此普遍中实现不足。
本次研究出于对胸腹水癌细胞形态学检验诊断价值进行评价分析，现汇报结果如下。
1.2方法1.2.1研究方法对以上统计的癌细胞胸腹水标本展开细胞学形态学检验，并对检验结果展开统计学分析。
1.2.2检验方法将抽取的胸腹水放置在EDTA-K2抗凝剂塑料带盖标识的专用试管中，在0.5～1h内完成离心处理，弃去上清液，倾斜至80°～90°，保持30后，另一手持棉球吸去残夜，使残渣残留在50ul以下，吸取6ul推成有尾部的厚片，5～6张。
2结果本组321份胸腹水标本经细胞学检查发现癌细胞者140例，阳性率为43.61%。
本组有20例阳性标本接受了镜检，体部区检出15例，尾部区全部检出。
形态学检查发现，癌细胞表现为体积增大，胞质囊泡样、细胞大小相对一致，呈现为菊花团状结构、印戒样异常大细胞、腺管样和类上皮排列、"半月形"特征的对称核大细胞。
妇科腹水细胞学检查摘要】目的了解妇科门诊病人对液基细胞学检查的认识度，提高液基细胞学的检测率，做到早期发现，早期治疗宫颈癌。
方法应用自制调查表，宫颈液基细胞学检查是预防宫颈癌的有效手段，提高检测率有赖于医护人员的健康宣教，护理人员在进行宫颈癌普查措施中可以发挥重要的作用。
作为普查项目有赖于社会支持。
建立健康档案可有效追踪和治疗。
【关键词】妇科门诊腹水检查细胞学【适应症】妇科恶性肿瘤约1／3病人有腹水，常发生腹水的肿瘤为卵巢癌，其次为晚期子宫内膜癌、子宫肉瘤、输卵管癌等。
【操作方法】腹水多时可经腹壁穿刺抽取，如腹水少可经阴道后穹窿穿刺。
卵巢癌细胞常脱落到盆腔内，直接沉积于子宫直肠陷凹处，在此处穿刺找癌细胞阳性率较高，可用18号腰穿针经后穹窿穿刺，抽吸腹腔液做涂片，巴氏法染色后镜检。
若腹水较多则尽量多吸，最好达200ml以上，2 000r／min离心沉淀后涂片，可提高阳性率。
【注意事项】恶性肿瘤的腹水属渗出液，内含大量蛋白质、盐类、电解质，此外还有细胞成分，即脱落的肿瘤细胞及腹膜的间皮细胞。
因此，腹水细胞学检查，可发现肿瘤细胞，但镜下须注意腺癌细胞与反应性间皮细胞的区别。
由于肿瘤的性质、期别、技术与经验的不同，各家报道腹水细胞检查的阳性率差异很大，一般为60％～94％。
高永良等报道细胞学检查腹水恶性细胞的阳性率为27.7％，可疑恶性细胞为51.0％。
可疑恶性细胞比率高是由于反应性间皮细胞与癌细胞的形态难于鉴别。
本法有一定的假阴性，这是由于早期肿瘤包膜完整，脱落细胞少，腹水细胞检查往往为阴性。
因此，本法对早期癌诊断价值不大。
【诊断标准】腹水镜检的结果分四类：(1)阳性：找到肯定的恶性细胞；(2)可疑：找到不肯定的恶性细胞；(3)阴性：未找到恶性细胞；(4)不满意：未找到间皮细胞。
但如结果为阴性也不能绝对排除肿瘤的可能。
细针穿刺细胞学检查细针穿刺细胞学检查有助于妇科良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别，以及早期发现和诊断转移和复发。
腹水脱落细胞学检查的操作流程英文回答：Procedure for Cytological Examination of Ascitic Fluid.Cytological examination of ascitic fluid, also known as peritoneal fluid, is an important diagnostic tool used to detect various diseases and conditions. The procedure involves collecting a sample of ascitic fluid and examining it under a microscope to identify any abnormal cells orother abnormalities. Here is a step-by-step guide to the operation flow for cytological examination of ascitic fluid:1. Patient preparation: Before the procedure, thepatient should be informed about the process and any potential risks or discomfort. Informed consent should be obtained. The patient may be asked to fast for a certain period of time prior to the procedure.2. Collection of ascitic fluid: Ascitic fluid istypically obtained through a procedure called paracentesis. The patient is positioned in a reclining or sitting position, and the abdomen is cleaned with an antiseptic solution. A local anesthetic may be used to numb the area where the needle will be inserted. A sterile needle is then inserted into the peritoneal cavity, and the ascitic fluid is collected into a syringe or a vacuum container.3. Preparation of the sample: Once the ascitic fluid is collected, it is transferred into a sterile container. The sample should be handled with care to avoid contamination. The container should be properly labeled with the patient's identification details.4. Centrifugation: To concentrate the cells present in the ascitic fluid, the sample is subjected to centrifugation. Centrifugation separates the cells from the fluid portion of the sample, allowing for a more accurate examination of the cellular components.5. Slide preparation: After centrifugation, a small amount of the concentrated cell pellet is placed onto aglass slide. The sample is spread evenly across the slide using a spreader or a pipette. Multiple slides may be prepared to ensure an adequate representation of thecellular material.6. Fixation: The prepared slides are then fixed using a fixative solution, such as alcohol or formalin. Fixation helps preserve the cellular structures and prevents degradation during subsequent staining and examination.7. Staining: Different staining techniques can be usedto enhance the visibility of the cellular components. The most commonly used stain for cytological examination of ascitic fluid is the Papanicolaou stain, which highlights the nuclear details of the cells.8. Microscopic examination: Once the slides are stained, they are examined under a microscope by a cytotechnologistor a pathologist. The cells are evaluated for their morphology, presence of abnormal features, and any signs of malignancy.9. Reporting: The findings of the cytological examination are documented in a report. The report includes a description of the cellular components observed, any abnormalities detected, and a final interpretation or diagnosis.10. Follow-up: The results of the cytological examination are communicated to the referring physician, who will discuss the findings with the patient and determine the appropriate course of action.中文回答：腹水脱落细胞学检查操作流程。
