【2013天津外国语大学翻译硕士MTI翻译硕士考研真题】英语翻译基础2013 (1)

2013年天津外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(总分84, 做题时间90分钟)1. 词语翻译英译汉1.affluenzaSSS_TEXT_QUSTI2.back translationSSS_TEXT_QUSTI3.brain drainSSS_TEXT_QUSTI4.buzzwordSSS_TEXT_QUSTI5.communication studiesSSS_TEXT_QUSTI6.cultural defaultSSS_TEXT_QUSTI7.Davos ForumSSS_TEXT_QUSTI8.dream teamSSS_TEXT_QUSTI9.EurozoneSSS_TEXT_QUSTI10.IMFSSS_TEXT_QUSTI11.NEETSSS_TEXT_QUSTI12.netbookSSS_TEXT_QUSTI13.OPECSSS_TEXT_QUSTI14.ReutersSSS_TEXT_QUSTI15.sit-inSSS_TEXT_QUSTI16.Skopos theorySSS_TEXT_QUSTI17.SOHOSSS_TEXT_QUSTI18.subtitlingSSS_TEXT_QUSTI19.think tankSSS_TEXT_QUSTI20.WebzineSSS_TEXT_QUSTI汉译英21.钓鱼岛SSS_TEXT_QUSTI22.对外传播SSS_TEXT_QUSTI23.翻译专业资格(水平)考试SSS_TEXT_QUSTI24.峰会SSS_TEXT_QUSTI25.公示语SSS_TEXT_QUSTI26.宏观调控SSS_TEXT_QUSTI27.开放包容SSS_TEXT_QUSTI28.孔子课堂SSS_TEXT_QUSTI29.绿色增长SSS_TEXT_QUSTI30.民心工程SSS_TEXT_QUSTI31.十八大SSS_TEXT_QUSTI32.团购SSS_TEXT_QUSTI33.务实合作SSS_TEXT_QUSTI34.协同创新SSS_TEXT_QUSTI35.月光族SSS_TEXT_QUSTI36.战略性新兴产业SSS_TEXT_QUSTI37.政府采购SSS_TEXT_QUSTI38.政客SSS_TEXT_QUSTI39.中小企业SSS_TEXT_QUSTI40.中央文献SSS_TEXT_QUSTI2. 英汉互译英译汉1.Whatever their political party, American leaders have generally subscribed to one of **peting economic philosophies. One is a small-government Jeffersonian perspective that abhors bigness and holdsthat prosperity flows **petition among independent businessmen, farmers and other producers. The other is a Hamiltonian agenda that believes a large, powerful country needs large, powerful organizations. The most important of those organizations is the federal government, which serves as a crucial partner to private enterprise, building roads and schools, guaranteeing loans and financing scientific research in ways that individual businesses would not.Today, of course, Republicans are the Jeffersonians and Democrats are the Hamiltonians. But it hasn"t always been so. The Jeffersonian line includes Andrew Jackson, the leaders of the Confederacy, William Jennings Bryan, Louis Brandeis, Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan. The Harailtonian line includes George Washington, Henry Clay, Abraham Lincoln, William McKinley, both Roosevelts and Dwight Eisenhower.Michael Lind"s Land of Promise uses this divide to offer an ambitious economic history of the United States. The book is rich with details, more than a few of them surprising, and its subject is central to what is arguably the single most important question facing the country today: How can our economy grow more quickly, more sustainably and more equitably than it has been growing, both to maintain the United States" position as the world"s pre-eminent power and to improve the lives of its citizens?Lind, a founder of the New America Foundation in Washington and the author of several political histories, acknowledges from the beginning that his thesis will make some readers uncomfortable. " In the spirit of philosophical bipartisanship, it would be pleasant to conclude that each of these traditions of political economy has made its ownvaluable contribution to the success of the American economy and that the vector created by these opposing forces has been more beneficial than **plete victory of either would have been," he writes." But that would not be true," he continues. " What is good about the American economy is largely the result of the Hamiltonian developmental tradition, and what is bad about it is largely the result of the Jeffersonian producerist school.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI汉译英2.粮食安全始终是人类生存发展面临的首要问题，“人人粮食安全”是基本人权。

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总2013翻译硕士各校真题汇总2013考研已经过去，各种尘埃即将落定。

先把各个学校的真题回忆版本汇总给后来人一个复习方向。

也算给考研生活画上一个圆满的句号。

感谢网友的及时回忆，谢谢给位的奉献。

欢迎补充！愿各位取的好成绩！1、2013复旦大学MTI专业课真题回忆版基础英语。

今年的基础英语稍微有些变化，第一题仍然是无选项完型，20个空，第二题是改错，和第一题是属于一篇文章的，二十行二十个错误，第三题是词汇和语法，词汇题比去年增加了不少，第四题是阅读理解四篇一共15个小题，最后一篇稍微有些深度，上来第一句是boresom 其实是讲现代社会摧毁理性和真理的。

然后作文25分就最后一篇阅读理解发表一下自己的看法。

翻译。

背了一堆翻译词汇今年竟然一个词汇翻译都没有，就一个汉译英70分与一个英译汉80分。

英译汉是一篇医学文章，里面什么胆囊啊肠啊的生词一大堆。

汉译英是文言文啊亲，我旦不学好啊，跟着北大学考文言文额。

原文如下：世有三乐，真乐也。

一曰人伦之乐，二曰心地之乐，三曰讲习之乐。

孟子曰：“父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也。

”此人伦之乐也；“仰不愧于天，俯不怍于人，二乐也。

”此心地之乐也；“得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。

”此讲习之乐也。

人伦之乐自父母兄弟之外，妻室欲其同甘苦，子孙欲其师教，宗族欲其和睦，女之适人者欲其得所归结，自人伦而推之，有一败人意则非乐也。

心地之乐岂止俯仰无愧怍而已，其道德必与圣贤合、与天地并，可也；道德未同乎圣贤、未同乎天地，不可以已也。

讲习之乐何止于得英才而教育，凡学问德行之有胜乎吾者，吾方且师之，虽受人之教育亦乐矣。

此三者，天下之真乐。

不此之乐，而以外物为乐，乐未一二，而忧已八九。

世俗以为乐，识者不贵也。

百科知识中国四大发明，欧债危机，金砖四国，莫言，生态难民，莎士比亚，君主立宪制，euro tunnel，thedeclaration of independence，DNA，伦敦奥运会，秦始皇陵兵马俑，论语，大中华文库，Encyclopedia Britannica，a nation on wheels，还有一个masps 还是什么的这个不知道，数了数17个还有8个想不起来了，这个是一个2分，一共五十分。

2012年天津外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．plain prose正确答案：晓畅易懂的文字2．orientalism正确答案：东方主义3．theory of games正确答案：博弈论4．text typology正确答案：文本类型学5．localization正确答案：本地化6．exoticism正确答案：异国情调7．cultural pluralism正确答案：文化多元主义8．lingua franca正确答案：通用语9．stage fright正确答案：怯场10．functional equivalence正确答案：功能对等11．PUGS正确答案：笨猪五国；欧猪五国；欧洲五国(Portugal，Ireland，Italy，Greece and Spain；是国际债券分析家、学者和国际经济界媒体对欧洲五个主权、债券、信用评级较低的经济体的贬称)12．Obama-mess正确答案：奥巴马困境13．seckill正确答案：秒杀14．Chindonesia正确答案：亚洲铁三角(中国、印度、印度尼西亚)15．intexticated正确答案：一边开车一边发短信16．broken society正确答案：道德沦丧的社会17．defriend正确答案：解除好友关系18．ghost estate正确答案：鬼宅，因经济衰退停工、未建成的住宅区19．copycatting正确答案：山寨20．great recession正确答案：大萧条汉译英21．翻译能力正确答案：translation ability22．翻译标准正确答案：criteria of translation23．典故正确答案：allusions24．汉化英语正确答案：Chinglish25．陪同口译正确答案：escort interpretation26．跨文化交际正确答案：intercultural communication27．模拟国际会议口译正确答案：simulated international conference interpreting 28．典籍英译正确答案：English translation of Chinese Classics 29．学术翻译正确答案：academic translation30．翻译专业硕士正确答案：Master of Translation and Interpreting(MTI)31．建设中国特色社会主义正确答案：build socialism with Chinese characteristics 32．加强政治文化建设正确答案：strengthen political and cultural construction 33．敲门砖正确答案：a stepping stone to success34．偏方正确答案：folk prescription35．富二代正确答案：rich second generation36．恶搞正确答案：hoax37．房奴正确答案：mortgage slave38．蜗居正确答案：humble abode39．农家乐正确答案：agritainment40．隐婚族正确答案：fake singles英汉互译英译汉41．When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesity.Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy, stored around their expanding bellies.Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Mal-thusians(马尔萨斯主义者), who used to draw graphs proving that the world was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quietly lately. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas.As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of the apocalypse(《启示录》)，but it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world’s biggest public-health issue today—the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war; the principle risk factor in diabetes ; heavily implicated in cancer and other diseases. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic” in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century’s dining to excess. And everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That’s why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.正确答案：这个世界还不是很富裕的时候，富人胖穷人瘦，有识之士开始思考怎样喂饱穷人的肚子。

财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班2013年天津外国语大学英语翻译硕士考研真题及答案解析育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。

翻译硕士英语1、20个单选，给出划线单词，从四个选项里选出一个意思相近的，不是特别难，把专八词汇背通了的话应该就绝对没问题了。

2、10个改错，是给出10个句子，每个句子划出四处，找出一处错误。

也不是特别难。

3、四篇阅读，不长，难度不大。

4、作文。

给出一段材料，然后根据材料给出一个题目。

今年的是Equal Education for Rural Students and Their Urban Counterparts 。

以十八大的内容为背景的。

英语翻译基础一、词组翻译（共40个）：1、affluenza ；2、back translation ；3、communication studies ；4、NEET ；5、Skopos theory ；6、OPEC;7、IMF ；8、dream team ；9、netbook ；10、务实合作；11、十八大；12、翻译水平（资格）考试；13、团购；14、孔子课堂；15、buzzword ；16、SOHO;17、sit-in ；18、Davos Forum ；19、绿色增长；20、Webzine ；21、开放包容；22、政府采购；23、中央文献24、brain drain育明点评：总体来说，今年的名词翻译相较于往年来说都比较简单，认真背背往年的真题单词加上政府报告之类还有热词就差不多了。

二、英译汉：说美国政党的，比往年简单。

16．天津外国语大学语言学考研真题及参考答案（2013）天津外国语大学2013年语言学考研真题考试科目：英语语言文学Questions in this section are set for applicants to the MA program of English Linguistics.1. Multiple Choice: (30 points)Directions: For each item, there are four choices of answers. Select the only ONE which best completes the statement. Write the number of the question, horizontally five in each line, and your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication. Thus we say it has the property of ______.A. arbitrarinessB. displacementC. creativityD. duality【答案】B2. The ______ function of language enables our language to talk about itself.A. performativeB. emotiveC. phaticD. metalingual【答案】D3. Which segment in the following does not share one or more phonetic features with the other segments?A. [m]B. [l]C. [w]D. [s]【答案】A4. Which is the description of the consonant[b]?A. voiceless bilabial stopB. voiced bilabial stopC. voiceless alveolar fricativeD. voiced alveolar fricative【答案】B5. When preceding/p/, the negative prefix in- changes to im- through a processcalled ______.A. dissimilationB. bilabializationC. assimilationD. none of the above【答案】A6. The number of morphemes in the word girls is ______.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four【答案】B7. Which of the following is an endocentric compound?A. runawayB. playboyC. self-controlD. breakthrough【答案】C8. Which of the following is not a bound root morpheme?A. -putB. -ceiveC. -mitD. -tain【答案】A9 . The word televise is created through the process of ______.A. blendingB. inventionC. back-formationD. borrowing【答案】C10. The grammatical category which is used in the analysis of word classes toidentify the syntactic relationship between words in a sentence is ______.A. caseB. agreementC. tenseD. aspect【答案】A11. Which pair of antonyms does not belong to gradable antonyms?A. good, badB. hit, missC. long, shortD. small, big【答案】B12. The indirect theory to meaning proposed by Ogden and Richards holds that therelation between a word and a thing is mediated by ______.A. referenceB. conceptC. controlD. dependency【答案】B13. The following figures were very influential in the field of linguistics in the firsttwo decades of the twentieth century except ______.A. SaussureB. BloomfieldC. ChomskyD. Firth【答案】C14. The principal and most obvious contrast between the last two centuries hasbeen the rapid rise of ______ linguistics, as opposed to ______ linguistics.A. descriptive, historicalB. structural, generativeC. functional, formalistD. structural, historical【答案】A15. The Prague school was a group of Czech and other scholars, whose maininterest lay in ______ theory.A. phoneticB. phonologicalC. semanticD. syntactic【答案】B16. ______ usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associatedwith the use of language.A. Cognitive linguisticsB. Corpus linguisticsC. PsycholinguisticsD. Neuro-linguistics。

天津外国语大学翻硕英汉互译真题The In ternet of Thi ngs 物联网Econo mic tur naround 经济好转Stamp duty印花税Sub-prime crisis 次贷危机Real economy实体经济CPI消费物价指数UNESCO联合国教科文组织Ecocide生态灭绝Property bubble房地产泡沫Dow n payme nt 首付YouTube互联网视频共享网站Con glomerate联合企业IDD国际直拨电话DJ流行音乐播音员Side eve nt 边会Hard news重要新闻Gover nment watchdog 政府监督Carbon footpri nt 碳足迹Twitter 推特Fun employme nt 失业乐活借词loanword全球暖化global warming经济不景气the economic recession经济适用房affordable housing节能减排energy saving and emission reduction面向基层toward grassroots反腐倡廉promote clean government and combat corruption法治国家 a country under the rule of law生态文明ecological civilization误译misinterpret非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage执政为民assume power for people生态移民ecological migrants对等词equivale nee word民意测验opinion roll年度风云人物the man of the year抢占科技制高点seize the tech no logical high ground举报电话in forma nts's hot-l ine telepho ne保障米袋子”菜篮子”安全protection of the "rice-bag""basket"security 推进政务公开promote government affairs openness。

育明教育
【温馨提示】
现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。

目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！
亚洲文学
1、越南古典文学叙事长诗《金云翘传》（根据中国明代同名小说改编），作者阮攸，字素如，号清轩，越南河静省人。

2、古典名著《春香传》（比中国京剧《玉堂春》要早）
3、东方第一位诺贝尔文学奖获得者，印度大文豪泰戈尔——最著名的短篇《摩诃摩耶》，长篇小说《戈拉》，获奖诗集《吉檀迦利》，诗集《新月集》《飞鸟集》《园丁集》。

4、印度文学家普列姆昌德——长篇代表作《戈丹》（与老舍《骆驼祥子》几乎同时问世）
5、缅甸“诗学大师”近代诗人德钦哥都迈——《洋大人注》《孔雀注》《猴注》《狗注》
6、日本近代文学的开创者二叶亭四迷：《浮云》，长篇小说《面影》《平凡》
7、日本近代作家夏目漱石——长篇小说《我是猫》《三四郎》《其后》《门》，中短篇小说《哥儿》《过了春分时节》《行人》《心》《道草》等
8、夏目漱石的学生芥川龙之芥——《罗门生》《鼻子》《地狱图》
9、 1968年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，日本作家川端康成——《伊豆的舞女》，获奖作品《雪国》《千羽鹤》《古都》三部。

10、日本共产党人，坚定的革命战士小林多喜二——小说代表作《蟹工船》
11、日本作家井上靖——三十二卷《井上靖小说集》，以中日文化交流的历史为题材的的《天平之甍》，以中国古代历史为题材的《楼兰》《敦煌》《苍狼》。

更多考研问题咨询育明教育！全程保过视频课程同步发售，最低640元起!。

2013上大翻硕真题翻硕英语1,30个选择题。

生词很少，大多是容易忽视的语法和词汇比较，比如it's about time...it's high time...it's the first time...再比如regretful,regretable,regretting,regretted.....2，4篇阅读。

前两篇选择，后两篇问答。

p1是07年专八阅读真题textA，关于Welsh语言和民族resurgence的。

The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the count ry’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” saidDyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan co ntinued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”（源自/view/2f88c61dff00bed5b9f31d5f.html）p2是讲网络个人信息隐私不安全的，比较好找，选项直接。

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试天津外国语大学2013年真题(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ．Choose the one answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET1. One purpose of the conferences was to foster a dialogue between opposing sides in the arms race, and the speakers often included scientists and government officials in charge of the unclear arms programs in their own countries.A. startB. bring upC. developD. involve2. Modern infomercials usually relied on celebrity endorsement rather than high-pressure salesmen to lent credibility to their products.A. mobilityB. trustC. capabilityD. loyalty3. An epidemic of Ebola virus in Africa prompted increased awareness of the potential dangers of so-called hot viruses, which cause deadly and virtually untreatable diseases in humans and other animals.A. almostB. mostlyC. totallyD. completely4. In Saudi Arabia, a monarchy where conservative Islam prevails and no modified system of law exists, women"s mobility is strongly curtailed.A. strengthenedB. improvedC. liftedD. reduced5. The contemporary botanical garden has many urgent tasks, the conservation of plant resources being paramount.A. tolerableB. deplorableC. extremeD. supreme6. Also of concern was the fact that many consumers lacked sufficient information and awareness to protect themselves in the marketplace and to make knowledgeable buying choices.A. diligentB. intelligentC. remarkableD. understandable7. Many countries had already removed the distinction between widows and widowers as regards eligibility for survivors" benefits, and some were extending protection to other single parents.A. indicationB. referenceC. differenceD. relationship8. The soft economy did not slow the inexorable growth of TV and radio outlets in the U. S.A. impossible to stopB. likely to increaseC. impossible to happenD. unreasonably low9. Where do **e from? For years astronomers have postulated a comet storehouse beyond the orbit of Pluto.A. simulatedB. assumedC. stimulatedD. assimilated10. A favorably moist rainy season through late July deteriorated during August and September across the eastern Sahel, leaving below-normal seasonal rainfall amounts in most areas.A. courageouslyB. probablyC. advantageouslyD. terribly11. Disagreement continued on ways to meet the undertaking to reduce carbon dioxide emissions given in the UN Convention on Climate Change.A. productionB. reproductionC. deductionD. seduction12. Another exceptionally tough trading year for the world airline industry saw passenger numbers rise an average of 5.7% but the profit made per seat—the yield—decline as wild discounting took place in vicious fare wars.A. victoriousB. vigorousC. tolerantD. violent13. During the past few years archaeologist William Kelso delved into contemporary accounts of the settlement and searched for telltale postholes and palisades in the sandy soil.A. descriptionB. accuracyC. acquisitionD. destination14. With advances in xerography and desktop publishing, the fanzines became slicker and more visually appealing.A. movingB. availableC. attractiveD. destructive15. Greenpeace spokes-people attributed the cutbacks to a drop in annual fund-raising.A. subjugatedB. allocatedC. safeguardedD. regarded16. In Paris a record 81 international designers unveiled spring/summer collections, which resulted in fashion confusion.A. underlinedB. uncoveredC. undetectedD. presented17. The British newspaper industry continued to consolidate, with larger chains buying smaller ones rather than individual newspapers.A. constituteB. strengthenC. contaminateD. lengthen18. The ultimate verdict on welfare reform, however, would not be in for years. In some high-poverty areas, efforts were hampered both by politics and by a lack of jobs and funds for support services.A. hinderedB. tamperedC. doubledD. interfered19. Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola moved into categories they had previously ignored, after seeing their potential cultivated by others. Bottled and canned tea experienced a renaissance.A. survivalB. approvalC. disapprovalD. revival20. The other cause of unemployment is deep in the modem structure of the welfare state. This places on the employer a substantial labor cost in addition to wages, the provision of pension and health benefits in particular but other costs as well.A. considerateB. considerableC. subsequentD. successiveⅡ. In each of the following sentences, there are four underlined parts, marked with A, B, C and D. Identify the part that is grammatically incorrect. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. Trends in new product development in the U. S. (largely) mirrored those in Europe, (with) low-fat introduction continuing, (although) at a (reducing) rate.A. largelyB. withC. althoughD. reducing2. The major international auction houses (posted) annual earnings that pointed to a (healthy) art market, though (the one) not as robust as (that of) the frenetic 1980s.A. postedB. healthyC. the oneD. that of3. (Like) a motion picture, which presents (moving) images on a flat surface, a cyberspatial environment would convey realistic (detail) in three dimensions and (to) all five senses.A. LikeB. movingC. detailD. to4. The rules laid the foundation for a major (restructuring) in gas pipeline operations by requiring pipelines to charge (separately) for each of their services and by making them available (on equal basis) to anyone (desiring) to use them.A. restructuringB. separatelyC. on equal basisD. desiring5. Dissatisfaction (with) the economic relationships (of) industrialized and less industrialized countries led to proposals (for) environmental (trade-offs).A. withB. ofC. forD. trade-offs6. Overall, the question of treatment was (unlikely) to be settled quickly. There was no doubt (that) some stones, especially sapphires (from) Montana, (were permanent improved) by heating.A. unlikelyB. thatC. fromD. were permanent improved7. In China discoveries (from) more than 100 sites (along with) the Yangtze River showed that rice (cultivation) began 11,500 years ago (rather than) 8,000.A. fromB. along withC. cultivationD. rather than8. Demand (of) new equipment rose (as) business improved. Unlike Airbus, Boeing had already been operating (at full capacity) and could not immediately (meet demand).A. ofB. asC. at full capacityD. meet demand9. The strong U. S. dollar continued to attract North American visitors to (overseas) destinations, (while) the long-delayed Japanese economic recovery and setbacks in Southeast Asian economies (caused) the Asia-Pacific region to (under-perform).A. overseasB. whileC. causedD. under-perform10. Curriculum reforms in India took a more (nationalistic) turn (as) a (growing) number of foundation-sponsored private schools supplemented the government syllabus (by) studies of Indian culture, music, philosophy, and Sanskrit language.A. nationalisticB. asC. growingD. byⅢ. Below each of the following four passages you will find questions or incomplete statements about the passage. Each statement or question is followed by lettered words or expressions. Select the word or expression that most **pletes or answers each question in accordance with the meaning of the passage. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET**mon gifts, necessity makes pertinence and beauty every day, and one is glad when an imperative leaves him no option: since if the man at the door has no shoes, you have not to consider whether you could procure him a paint-box. And it is always pleasing to see a man eat bread, or drink water, in the house or out of doors, so it is always a great satisfaction to supply these first wants. Necessity does everything well. In our condition or universal dependence it seem heroic to let the petitioner be the judge of his necessity, and to give all that is asked, though at great inconvenience. If it be a fantastic desire, it is better to leave to others the office of punishing him. I can think of many parts I should prefer playing to that of the Furies(复仇三女神). Next to things of necessity, the rule for a gift, which one of my friends prescribed, is that we might convey to some person that which properly belonged to his character, and was easily associated with him in thought. But our tokens of compliment and love are for the most part barbarous. Rings and other jewels are not gifts, but apologies for gifts. The only gift is a portion of yourself. You must bleed for me. Therefore the poet brings him poem; the shepherd, his lamb; the farmer, corn; the miner, a gem; the sailor, coral and shells; the girl, a handkerchief of her own sewing. This is right and pleasing, for it restores society in so far to the primary basis, when a man"s biography is conveyed in his gift, and every man"s wealth is an index of his merit. But it is a cold lifeless business when you go to the shops to buy me something which does not represent your life and talent, but a goldsmith"s. This is fit for kings, and rich men who represent kings, and a false state of property, to make presents of gold and silver stuffs, as a kind of symbolical sin-offering, or payment of blackmail.1. According to the author, what is the best gift to the man at the door who has no shoes?A. a paint-boxB. flowersC. foodstuffD. shoes2. Among the following behaviors, which may be not treated as being heroic when we are faced with the petitioner?A. To fulfill his primary needs when you are not available for those requirementsB. To grant him whatever is requestedC. Always being pleasing to supply his first wantsD. To let him have a fantastic desire3. Does the author agree to play the role of the Furies when someone has an unattainable desire?A. Yes, he doesB. NoC. He has no idea about thatD. It depends on the situation the author is involved in4. The italicized word "apologies" refer to ______.A. an expression of regretB. defenseC. a poor exampleD. equivalent5. According to the rule for a gift, what should a painter bring as a gift?A. his painting brushB. his paint-boxC. his pictureD. his paint bucketBeing told I would be expected to talk here, I inquired what sort of a talk I ought to make. They said it should be something suitable to youth something didactic, instructive, or something in the nature of good advice. Very well, I have a few things in my mind which I have often longed to say for the instruction of the young; for it is in one"s tender early years that such things will best take root and be most enduring and most valuable. First, then, I will say to you, my young friends and I say it beseechingly—Always obey your parents, when they are present. This is the best policy in the long run, because if you don"t they will make you. Most parents think they know better than you do, and you can generally make more by humoring that superstition than you can by acting on your own better judgment.Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any, also to strangers, and sometimes to others. If a person offends you, and you are in doubt as to whether it was intentional or not, do not resort to extreme measures; simply watch your chance and hit him with a brick. That will be sufficient. If you shall find that he had not intended any offense, come out frankly and confess yourself in the wrong when you struck him; acknowledge it like a man and say you didn"t mean to. Yes, always avoid violence; in this age of charity and kindliness, the time has gone by for such things. Leave dynamite tothe low and unrefined.6. According to the passage, why do people have to listen to some instructive advice when they were young?A. Because these advice are given by the elderly who have plenty of experienceB. Because these didactic advice are suitable to youthC. Because they should always obey the elderlyD. Because the youth would retain the impressive words and never treat them with obliviousness7. What is the author"s suggestion concerning the parents" words?A. Their words are merely superstitionB. Their words may help you accomplish more in your lifeC. Their words could prevent you from making your own judgmentD. Their words may offend you8. The italicized word "humoring" means ______.A. putting into a good moodB. making concessions toC. entertainingD. having the power to evoke laughter9. Among the following kinds of response, which is not the proper behaviour when you are offended by others?A. To grasp a proper chance and make a counterattackB. To decide whether the offender"s behavior is performed with purpose or notC. Always being reluctant to strike backD. To resort to a furious return for the offense10. The italicized term "the low and unrefined" means ______.A. the lower classB. the barbarianC. people lacking cultivationD. the poorMost gulls don"t bother to learn more than the simplest facts of flights how to get from shore to food and back again. For most gulls, it is not flying that matter, but eating. For this gull, though, it was not eating that mattered, but flight: More than anything else, Jonathan Livingston Seagull loved to fly. This kind of thinking, he found, is not the way to make oneself popular with other birds. Even his parents were dismayed as Jonathan spent whole days alone, making hundreds of low-level glides, experimenting."Why, Jon, why?" his mother asked. "Why is it so hard to be like the rest of the flock, Jon? Why can"t you leave low flying to the pelicans (鹈鹕), the albatross (信天翁)? Why don"t you eat? Son, you"re bone and feathers!""I don"t mind being bone and feathers, mom. I just want to know what I can do in the air and what I can"t, that"s all. I just want to know.""See here, Jonathan," said his father, not unkindly. "Winter isn"t far away. Boats will be few, and surface fish will be swimming deep. If you must study, —then study food, and how to get it. This flying business is all very well, but you can"t eat a glide. You know. Don"t you forget that the reasons you fly is to eat. "Jonathan nodded obediently. For the next few days he tried to behave like the other gulls: he really tried, screeching and fighting with the flock around the piers(码头) and fishing boats, diving on scraps of fish and bread. But he couldn"t make it work.It"s all so pointless, he thought, deliberately, dropping a hard-won anchovy (鳀类鱼) to a hungry old gull chasing him. "I could be spending all this time learning to fly. There"s so much to learn!" ..."Why aren"t there more of us here? Why, where I came from there were...""...thousands and thousands of gulls. I know." Sullivan shook his head. "The only answer I can see, Jonathan, is that you are pretty well a one-in-a-million bird. Most of us came along ever so slowly. We went from one world into another that was almost exactly like it, forgetting right away where we **e from not caring where we were headed, living for the moment. Do you have any idea how many lives we must have gone through before we even got the first idea that there is more to life than eating, or fighting, or power in the flock? A thousand lives, Jon, ten thousand! And then another hundred lives until we began to learn that there is such a thing as perfection, and another hundred again to get the idea that our purpose for living is to find that perfection and show it forth"11. Which of the following choices is not the difference between most seagulls and Jonathan Livingston Seagull?A. Most seagulls just learned how to get food through flightB. Jonathan Livingston Seagull enjoyed flying businessC. For most seagulls, the final destination of flying was not to be starvedD. To fly and to eat were **mon goals of most seagulls12. What was other seagulls" attitude toward Jonathan"s devotion into flight?A. They wanted to learn from Jonathan Livingston Seagull in practicing flight skillsB. His parents encouraged Jonathan Livingston Seagull to improve his techniquesC. They felt shameful when they saw the low flying by Jonathan Livingston SeagullD. They could not understand why Jonathan Livingston Seagull spent energy and time experimenting slides13. Which of the following choices is NOT Jonathan"s father"s advice when he saw Jonathan gliding?A. He reminded Jonathan of the reason why seagulls flyB. He sternly forced Jonathan to learn to get foodC. He told Jonathan that gliding is invalid to get food for seagullsD. He didn"t deny the advantages of flying business14. Did Sullivan agree with Jonathan"s practice?A. Yes, he didB. No, he didn"tC. He had no idea about thatD. He was uncertain about that15. According to Sullivan, what was one"s life goal?A. To learn about the existence of perfectionB. To struggle to obtain perfectionC. To pursue perfection and manifest it in yourselfD. To go through difficulties and know more about lifePsychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One"s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one"s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one"s emotions used to be more vivid than they are and one"s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one"s interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interest involvingappropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grownup children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. And you must realize that you must not expect that they will enjoy **pany.Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. But I think for an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to **e it—so at least it seems to me—is to make your interest gradually more impersonal, until bit by bit the wails of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like river—small at first, gradually grows, wider, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who in old age can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be **e.I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.16. Which of the following choices is not the danger to be avoided in old age?A. Being mired in memoriesB. Showing lamentation about the pastC. Having no interests in personal benefitsD. Being dependent upon the next generation17. According to the passage, why do human beings always show their undue care for their children?A. Human beings are creatures of emotionB. Human beings don"t treat their children as a burdenC. Human beings" early stage of growth is a little longerD. Human beings are not callous animals18. According to the passage, what role does experience play in one"s life?A. Experience may prevent children from making mistakes or going astrayB. Experience may keep you in appropriate activities and ensure **fortable in remaining yearsC. Experience may produce profound knowledge and ensure a successful old ageD. Experience may find itself wasted on dead man19. In what manner will the youth consider the elderly?A. They will always find **panionship of the elderly ungratefulB. They look up to the elderly and admire the elderlyC. **panionship of persons of their own age is an onerous burdenD. They always ask for material services from their parents20. Which of the following choices is not the proper way that the man in old age should treat his life?A. To **e the fear of deathB. He isn"t satisfied with what he has done on his deathbedC. His life is only a trivial part of the universal lifeD. He wants to have a rest as he grows olderⅣ. Directions: The following excerpt is taken from China Daily. The primary purpose of this passage is intended to provide a source of inspiration for writing rather than tempt you into copying the same thing in **position.1. To vigorously promote fairness in education. Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, said in his report to the 18th National Congress that educational resources will focus on rural and remote areas poor families and non-Ham ethnic groups.Hu said that efforts will also be made to promote equal education for the children of migrant workers and to increase financial aid to poverty-stricken families for their children"s education. The central government has been making efforts in this direction over the past decade. But what has been done is far from enough to bridge the gap between the quality of education in urban and rural areas. That is why Hu"s report particularly mentioned the shift in focus to the underdeveloped and disadvantaged areas.Despite the free nine-**pulsory education for all rural students there is still a long way to go before students in rural areas will be able to receive education of a similar quality to that enjoyed by their urban counterparts. The teaching facilities and incomes of teachers in rural areas, poverty-stricken areas in particular, leave a lot to be **pared with their urban counterparts.Rural students who receive free university education are required to return to teach in rural schools for a certain period of time before they leave for other jobs, but preferential policies are needed to encourage good teachers to teach in rural areas and financial aid is needed to improve the physical condition of students.Write an argumentative essay of about 400 words on the following topicEqual Education for Rural Students and Their Urban Counterparts。

QE3CNNthe Eighteenth National Congress of the CPCUS pivot to AsiaIMFASEANThe Gaza Strip长三角中产收入陷阱纳米技术独立自主的和平外交政策钓鱼岛争端【想不起了待补充】英译汉Broken BRICs （毁了的“金砖四国）Why the Rest Stopped RisingBy Ruchir SharmaNovember/December 2012Over the past several years, the most talked-about trend in the global economy has been the so-called rise of the rest, which saw the economies of many developing countries swiftly converging with those of their more developed peers. The primary engines behind this phenomenon were the four major emerging-market countries, known as the BRICs: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The world was witnessing a once-in-a-lifetime shift, the argument went, in which the major players in the developing world were catching up to or even surpassing their counterparts in the developed world.These forecasts typically took the developing world's high growthrates from the middle of the last decade and extended them straight into the future, juxtaposing them against predicted sluggish growthin the United States and other advanced industrial countries. Such exercises supposedly proved that, for example, China was on the verge of overtaking the United States as the world's largest economy-apoint that Americans clearly took to heart, as over 50 percent of them, according to a Gallup poll conducted this year, said they think that China is already the world's "leading" economy, even though the U.S. economy is still more than twice as large (and with a per capita income seven times as high).As with previous straight-line projections of economic trends, however-such as forecasts in the 1980s that Japan would soon be number one economically-later returns are throwing cold water on the extravagant predictions. With the world economy heading for its worst year since 2009, Chinese growth is slowing sharply, from doubledigits down to seven percent or even less. And the rest of the BRICs are tumbling, too: since 2008, Brazil's annual growth has droppedfrom 4.5 percent to two percent; Russia's, from seven percent to 3.5 percent; and India's, from nine percent to six percent.None of this should be surprising, because it is hard to sustainrapid growth for more than a decade. The unusual circumstances of the last decade made it look easy: coming off the crisis-ridden 1990s and fueled by a global flood of easy money, the emerging markets took off in a mass upward swing that made virtually every economy a winner. By 2007, when only three countries in the world suffered negative growth, recessions had all but disappeared from the international scene. But now, there is a lot less foreign money flowing into emerging markets. The global economy is returning to its normal state of churn, with many laggards and just a few winners rising in unexpected places. The implications of this shift are striking, because economic momentum is power, and thus the flow of money to rising stars will reshape the global balance of power.【译文出自网络，仅供参考】为何“其它国家”停止增长？全球经济中提到最多的趋势是所谓的“其它国家”的崛起。