名词介词专题
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名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词专项辨析1.—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at2. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went___________.A. at firstB. after allC. above allD. at random3.It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. displayB. acquireC. teachD. test4. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. adviceB. orderC. possibilityD. invitation5. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave inB. dressed upC. broke inD. turned up6. Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.A. keenB. reluctantC. anxiousD. ready7. China’s soft powe r grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.A. in line withB. in reply toC. in return forD. in honour of8. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.A. assignmentB. associationC. acquisitionD. assumption9.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.A. calls forB. calls onC. calls offD. calls up10. Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.A. indicateB. investigateC. imitateD. innovate11. This view is common _________ all sections of the community.A. acrossB. aboveC. aroundD. along12. We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7:30, but Jack failed to ______.A. break upB. set upC. turn upD. give up13. “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into aproduct-making power, ______ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.A. the one thatB. one thatC. oneD. the one14. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ______ children’s book for many years, ______ but one thing or another always got in ______ way.A. a; 不填B. the; theC. 不填; theD. a; the15. The guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they______ difficulties.A. aroseB. encounteredC. emergedD. evaluated16. The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ______ review of the case.A. comprehensiveB. complicatedC. consciousD. constant17.—Congratulations on your girlfriend’s being offered the job.—Thank you, but she’s got it ________ her greater perseverance.A. in terms ofB. in response toC. by virtue ofD. with respect to18. More and more people tend to go to E-libraries in that they have access to books when they are unable to get to a library.A. accidentallyB. physicallyC. voluntarilyD. appropriately19. Evidence begins to that the earth and the rest of the universe are in fact changing with time.A. accumulateB. accelerateC. accompanyD. approve20. Nowadays when travelling, travelers usually use the We-chat to share their feelings about their trips with descriptions of their experiences, offering viewers a(n) for the imagination of reality.A. feastB. accountC. landscapeD. principle21.Courage, according to some successful persons, is as to pioneering work as the intelligence, even more so.A. accessibleB. AlternativeC. essentialD. commercial22. The police have anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.A. appealed toB. attended toC. responded toD. attached to。
名词+介词搭配(总6页) -本页仅作为预览文档封面,使用时请删除本页-名词+about concern about 关怀doubt about怀疑remark about 评论opinion about意见名词+forability for能力charge for收费cure for医治excuse for借口love for爱necessity for所需要pity for惋惜sorry for 惋惜talent for天才ambition for抱负anxiety for渴望desire for欲望hope for希望need for需要occasion for时机reason for理由request for请求sympathy for同情3.名词+from absence from 缺席protection form保护difference from不同relief from解除名词+in confidence in 信任*faith in信仰improvement in改进point in有意义pride in自傲*success in成功trust in信赖*delight in欣喜difficulty in困难harm in 有害increase in增长*interest in 兴趣progress in有进步skill in技能名词+into research into研究名词+of advocate of提倡capability of有能力care of注意description of描述examination of检查example of例证intention of意图analyses of分析cause of起因consideration of考虑doubt of怀疑expectation of预期feeling of感觉habit of习惯impression of印象number of数目pair of 一对prevention of预防quality of 品质sample of样品pleasure of荣幸possibility of可能性shortage of短缺*lack of短缺way of方式名词+onattack on攻击dependence on依赖emphasis on强调influence on影响judgment on判断mercy on同情operation on手术remark on评论effect on影响impression on印象lecture on讲授outlook on观点stress on强调congratulation on祝贺名词+over advantage over占优势quarrel over争论victory over战胜control over控制power over控制/支配名词+toanswer to回答appeal to请求approach to途径barrier to障碍end to 结束guide to领导invitation to邀请reference to提及,参与warning to警告access to 进入attention to注意claim to要求devotion to挚爱limit to限制solution to解决方法名词+withagreement with协议contact with接触common with共同connection with有关系conversation with谈话communication with交流talk with讲话problems/trouble with麻烦。
介词与名词的用法介词是连接词语之间关系的重要工具,它可以表达时间、地点、方式、原因、目的和依据等多种关系。
在英语语法中,介词常常与名词搭配使用,构成介词短语。
同学们在学习英语语法过程中,常常会遇到一些难点问题,如何正确地使用介词和名词成为了很多人关注的问题。
下面将就介词与名词的用法进行详细介绍。
一、介词的定义介词是一种短语成分,用来链接名词、代词或名词短语等,来表示它们之间的关系。
介词有很多种类,包括时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、目的介词、依据介词等等。
二、名词的定义名词是一种词性,指代人、事、物或概念。
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可以用“a”或“an”表示单数,也可以用“some”或“any”表示复数;不可数名词只有单数形式。
三、介词与名词的搭配1. 时间介词+名词:表示时间的介词有at、on、in等。
例如:- at noon 在中午- on Monday 在星期一- in July 在七月份2. 地点介词+名词:表示地点的介词有in、on、at、under、above等。
例如:- in the park 在公园里- on the street 在街上- at the station 在车站3. 方式介词+名词:表示方式的介词有by、with、on等。
例如:- by car 乘坐车辆- with a smile 带着微笑- on foot 步行4. 原因介词+名词:表示原因的介词有because of、due to、owing to等。
例如:- because of the rain 因为下雨- due to illness 由于生病- owing to bad weather 由于恶劣的天气5. 目的介词+名词:表示目的的介词有for、to、in order to等。
例如:- for fun 为了娱乐- to study English 学习英语- in order to improve 为了改善6. 依据介词+名词:表示依据的介词有according to、in accordance with等。
名词、介词一名词1.不定冠词a、an后用名词单数形式。
2.有some、many、all、both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。
3.名词前有one of时,名词用复数形式。
4.谓语动词是复数,名词作主语时确定名词为复数。
◆Before graduation,many students exchange presents with each other.毕业前,许多同学互赠礼物。
5.单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。
(1)以-o结尾的名词变为复数时,常在词尾加-s,但中学英语中下列名词要加-es,即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes。
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:zeros (zeroes) 零,mosquitos (mosquitoes) 蚊子,volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。
(2)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时,一般直接加-s,但下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves,即selves, lives,thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s,如handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕,scarfs(scarves) 围巾。
(3)合成名词变成复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数,如果没有主体名词,则将最后一部分变为复数。
例如:sons-in-law 女婿;passers-by 过路人;story-tellers 讲故事的人;grown-ups成年人;breakfasts早餐;housewives家庭主妇。
6.只有复数形式的可数名词。
一些食物名词或表示一些成双成对的物品名称的名词通常用复数形式,如noodles, snacks,jeans,earphones,trousers,clothes,pants,glasses,shoes,sunglasses,scissors, compasses等。
介词+名词形式第一组by accident 偶然on account of 因为,由于in addition 另外in addition to 除……之外(包括) in the air 在流行中,在传播中on (the/an) average 平均,一般来说on the basis of 根据,在……的基础上at (the) best 充其量,至多for the better 好转,改善on board 在船(车、飞机)上out of breath 喘不过气来on business 因公,因事in any case 无论如何,总之in case of 假使,万一in case 假如,以防(万一),免得in no case 决不第二组by chance 偶然,碰巧in charge (of) 负责,主管(a) round the clock 昼夜不停地in common 共用,共有,共同in conclusion 最后,总之on condition that 在……条件下in confidence 信任in connection with/to关于in consequence 因此,结果in consequence of 由于……的缘故on the contrary 反之,正相反in contrast with/to 与……成对照out of control 失去控制under control 被控制住at all costs 不惜任何代价at the cost of 以……为代价第三组in the course of 在……过程中,在……期间of course 当然,自然,无疑in danger 在危险中,垂危out of danger 脱离危险out of date 过期(时)的up to date 时新的in debt 欠债in detail 详细地in difficulties 处境困难in the distance 在远处off duty 下班on duty 值班,上班on earth 究竟,到底at all events 无论如何in any event 无论如何in effect 有效;实际上第四组in the event of 万一,如果发生for example 例如with the exception of除……之外in the face of 面对,不顾,即使in fact 其实,实际上on fire 烧着on foot 步行in force 有效;实施中in favo(u)r of 有利于,赞成,支持in front of 在……面前in (the) future 今后,将来on guard 警惕,防范in general 通常,大体上in half 成两半at hand 在手边,在附近from tip to toe 彻头彻尾,完全by hand 用手hand down to 往下传,传给(后代) 第五组hand in hand 手拉手,携手in hand 在掌握中,在控制中on hand 在手边,临近on (the) one hand... 一方面……,on the other hand...另一方面……at heart 在内心;实质上by heart 牢记,凭记忆at home 在家,在国内;自在,自如in honor of 以纪念,向……表示敬意on one’s honor 以名誉担保in a hurry 匆忙地,立即for instance 例如,举例说at intervals 不时,时时at last 最终,终于at least 至少,最低限度in the least 一点,丝毫第六组at length 终于,最后;详细地in the light of 按照,根据in line 成一直线,排成一行in line with 与……一致,按照at a loss 困惑,不知所措by all means 无论如何,必定by means of 借助于,用by no means 决不in memory of 纪念at the mercy of 在……支配下by mistake 错误地at the moment 现在,此刻for a moment 片刻,一会儿for the moment 现在,暂时in a moment 立刻,马上。
介词+ 名词形式 第一组 by accident 偶然 on account of 因为,由于 in addition 另外 in addition to 除…… 之外 in the air 在流行中,在传播中 on (the/an) average 平均,一般来说 on the basis of 根据,在…… 的基础上 at (the) best 充其量,至多 for the better 好转,改善 on board 在船( 车、飞机) 上 out of breath 喘不过气来 on business 因公,因事 in any case 无论如何,总之 in case of 假使,万一 in case 假如,以防( 万一) 免得 in no case 决不 第二组 by chance 偶然,碰巧 in charge (of) 负责,主管 (a) round the clock 昼夜不停地给大家推荐一个英语微信群-Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法,群里都是说英语,没有半个中文,而且规则非常严格,是一个超级不错的英语学习环境,群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人,还有鬼佬和外国美眉。
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fact 其实,实际上 on fire 烧着 on foot 步行 in force 有效;实施中 in favo(u)r of 有利于,赞成,支持in front of 在…… 面前 in (the) future 今后,将来 on guard 警惕,防范 in general 通常,大体上 in half 成两半 at hand 在手边,在附近 from tip to toe 彻头彻尾,完全 by hand 用手hand down to 往下传,传给( 后代) 第五组 hand in hand 手拉手,携手 in hand 在掌握中,在控制中 on hand 在手边,临近 on (the) one hand... 一方面…… , on the other hand... 另一方面…… at heart 在内心;实质上 by heart 牢记,凭记忆 at home 在家,在国内;自在,自如 in honor of 以纪念,向…… 表示敬意 on one’s honor 以名誉担保 in a hurry 匆忙地,立即 for instance 例如,举例说 at intervals 不时,时时 at last 最终,终于 at least 至少,最低限度 in the least 一点,丝毫 第六组 at length 终于,最后;详细地 in the light of 按照,根据 in line 成一直线,排成一行 in line with 与…… 一致,按照 at a loss 困惑,不知所措 as a matter of fact 其实,事实上 by all means 无论如何,必定by means of 借助于,用 by no means 决不 in memory of 纪念 at the mercy of 在…… 支配下 by mistake 错误地 at the moment 现在,此刻 for a moment 片刻,一会儿 for the moment 现在,暂时 in a moment 立刻,马上 第七组 in nature 本质上on occasion 有时,不时 in order 秩序井然,整齐 in group to 以便,为了 in group that 以便 out of order 发生故障,失调 on one’s own 独自地,独立地 in particular 特别地,尤其,详细地 in the past 在过去,以往 in person 亲自 in place 在适当的位置 in place of 代替 in the first place 起初,首先 in the last place 最后 out of place 不得其所的,不适当的 on the point 即将…… 的时候 第八组 to the point 切中要害,切题 in practice 在实际中,实际上 out of practice 久不练习,荒疏 at present 目前,现在 for the present 目前,暂时 in proportion to( 与……) 成比例的 in public 公开地,当众 for (the) purpose of 为了 on purpose 故意,有意 with the purpose of 为了 in question 正在考虑 at random 随意地,任意地 at any rate 无论如何,至少 by reason of 由于 as regards 关于,至于 with/in regard to 对于,就…… 而论 第九组 in/with relation to 关系到 with respect to 关于 as a result 结果,因此 as a result of 由于…… 的结果 in return 作为报答,作为回报 on the road 在旅途中 as a rule 规章,规则;通常,照例 in the long run 最终,从长远观点看 for the sake of 为了…… 起见 on sale 出售;贱卖 on a large scale 大规模地 on a small scale 小规模地 in secret 秘密地,私下地 in a sense 从某种意义上说 in shape 处于良好状态 on the side 作为兼职,额外 第十组 at first sight 乍一看,初看起来 in sight 被看到,在望 out of sight 看不见,在视野之外 in spite of 不管,不顾;尽管,虽然 on the spot 当场,在现场 in step 同步,合拍 out of step 步调不一致,不协调 in stock 现有,备有 in sum 总而言之 in tears 流着泪,含泪,哭 in terms of 依据,按照;用…… 措词 for one thing 首先,一则 on the second thoughts 经重新考虑,一转念 at a time 每次,一次 at no time 从不,决不 at one time 同时,曾经,从前曾 第十一组 at the same time 但是,然而 at times 有时 for the time being 目前,暂时 from time to time 有时,不时 in no time 立即,马上 in time 及时,适时地 on time 准时 on top of 在…… 之上 out of touch 失去联系 in truth 事实上,实际上,的确 on try 试穿 by turns 轮流,交替地 in turn 依次,轮流 in vain 徒劳,无效 a variety of 种种,各种 by virtue of 由于 第十二组 by the way 顺便提一下,另外 by way of 经由,通过…… 方式 in a way 在某点,在某种程度上 in no way 决不 in the way of 妨碍 in one’s/the way 妨碍,阻碍 after a while 过了一会,不久 for a while 暂时,一时 on the whole 总的来说 in a word 总而言之 in other words 换句话说,也就是说 at work 在工作,忙于 out of work 失业 in the world 到底,究竟第十三组 have/gain access to 可以获得 take...into account 考虑 gain/have an advantage over 胜过,优于 pay the way for 为…… 铺平道路 take advantage of 利用,趁…… 之机 pay attention to 注意 do/try one’s best 尽力,努力 get the best of 胜过 make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理 get the better of 打败,致胜 catch one’s breath 屏息,歇口气 take care 小心,当心 take care of 照顾,照料 take a chance 冒险一试 take charge of 担任,负责 keep company with 与…… 交往,与…… take delight in 以…… 为乐 with delight 欣然,乐意地 第十四组 make a/the difference 有影响,很重要 carry/bring into effect 使生效,使起作用 put into effect 实行,生效 come/go into effect 生效,实施 take effect 生效,起作用 catch one’s eye 引人注目 keep an eye on 留意,照看 make a face 做鬼脸 find fault 埋怨,挑剔 catch fire 着火 come/go into force 生效,实施 make friends 交朋友,友好相处 be friends with 对…… 友好,与…… 交上朋友 make fun of 取笑,嘲弄 keep one’s head 保持镇静 lost one’s head 不知所措 第十五组 lose heart 丧失勇气,失去信心 get/learn by heart 记住,背诵 get hold of 抓住,掌握 keep house 管理家务,做家务 throw/cast light on 使明白,阐明 bear/keep in mind 记住 have in mind 记住,考虑到,想到 make up one’s mind 下决心 come/go into operation 使投入生产,使运转 put in order 整理,检修 keep/hold pace with 跟上,与…… 同步 play a part 起作用 take place 发生,进行 take the place of 代替 come to the point 说到要点,扼要地说 bring/carry into practice 实施,实行 第十六组 make progress 进步,进展 give rise to 引起,使发生 make sense 讲得通,有意义 catch the sight of 发现,突然看见 (go) on the stage 当演员 take one’s time 不急不忙,从容进行 keep in touch 保持联系 keep track 通晓事态,注意动向 lose track 失去联系 make use of 利用 put to use 使用,利用 give way 让路,让步 lead the way 带路,引路 make one’s way 前进,进行 make way 让路,开路 keep one’s word 遵守诺言 第十七组 act on 作用 appeal to 呼吁,要求 attempt at 企图,努力 attitude to/towards 态度,看法 a great/good deal of 大量( 的) ,许多( 的) influence on 影响 interference in 干涉 interference with 妨碍,打扰 第十八组 introduce to 介绍 a lot (of) 许多( 的) ,大量( 的) lots of 大量,很多 fall in love with 相爱,爱上 a matter of( 关于……) 的问题 a number of 若干,许多 reply to 回答,答复 a series of 一系列,一连串 第十九组 trolley bus 电车 I. D. card 身份证 credit card 信用卡 no doubt 无疑,必定 next door 隔壁 out of doors 在户外 face to face 面对面地 as matter of fact 实际情况,真相 a few 有些,几个 quite a few 还不少,有相当数目的 a little 一点,稍微,一些,少许 little by little 逐渐地 quite a little 相当多,不少 no matter 无论 the moment (that) 一…… 就 no more 不再 第二十组 fair play 公平竞赛;公平对待 in demand 有需要,销路好 rest room 厕所,盥洗室 primary school 小学 side by side 肩并肩,一个挨一个 heart and soul 全心全意 step by step 逐步 ahead of time 提前 all the time 一直,始终 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔,有时 no wonder 难怪,怪不得 word for word 逐字地 decline with thanks 婉言谢绝。
名词与介词的搭配(1)名词+ betweenanalogy between ……之间的类比balance between ……之间的平衡difference between ……之间的差异link between……之间的联系(2)名词+foradmiration for 对…赞赏bid for 投标consideration for 对…体贴charge for …收费need for 对…需求occasion for …的时机outlook for 对…展望passion for 对…热情reason for …的原因substitution for 代替sympathy for 对…同情wish for 希望(3)名词+inadvance in …进展belief in 相信confidence in 的信心degree in 在…有学位expert in 的专家increase in 的增长proficiency in 精通success in 在…成功(4)名词+onaction on 对…的作用attack on 攻击authority on 在…有权威comment on 对…评论dependence on 依赖于discussion on 讨论effect on 对…有影响emphasis on 强调impact on 对…作用impression on 对…的印象influence on 影响到lecture on 讲授judgement on 判断mercy on 怜悯operation on 给…做手术pressure on 对…的压力stress on 强调tax on 对…征税(5)名词+overAdvantage over 优越于agreement over 在…上一致control over 控制Cover over 覆盖(6)名词+withAccordance with 与…一致association with 与…有关combination with 与…结合Connection with 同…相连contact with 与…接触encounter with 与…相遇(7)名词+toAccess to 接近adjustment to 调整到answer to …的答案application to 应用到Approach to …的入门attention to 注意attitude to 对…的态度clue to …的线索Claim to 对…的要求contribution to …的贡献damage to 的损失Exposure to暴露给guide to 的指南indifference to 对…冷漠introduction to 的导言key to 的关键(解答)limit to 的极限note to 的注解objection to 反对…preface to 的前言ratio to 与…相比reaction to 对…反应resistance to 对…阻力response to 响应。
【专题二】语法考点归纳2(介词、名词、句子结构)介词考点归纳1.介词是一种结构词,不能单独充当句子成分,必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的词构成介词短语,才能在句子中充当一个成分。
介词短语在句中可作状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语等成分。
2.常见介词的用法:A.表示时间的介词,如:at, on, in, by, before, after, around, since, until/till, for, during, within, between, from等。
B.表示位置、方向、方位的介词,如:at, in, on, over, above, under, below, down, behind, after, before, near, by, beside, onto, into, inside, outside, among, between, to, towards, for, across, through, from, off, round, around, about, along, beyond等。
C.表示原因、理由的介词,如:at, for, with, on, of, from, through, in, by, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to等。
D.表示关于、至于的介词,如:about, on, as to, as for, in/with regard to, with respect to等。
E.表示方法、手段、工具的介词,如:by, in, on, with等。
F.表示价格、比率、对比、速度等的介词,如:at, for, by, above等。
G.表示特征、属性的介词of、with;表示比较的介词like、as;表示“赞成、反对”的介词for、against;表示“除去”的介词but、besides、except、except for、apart from、other than等的用法。
介词加名词用法总结介词加名词的用法在英语中非常常见,是构成介词短语的重要方式之一。
介词加名词可以表示时间、地点、方式、原因等各种关系,具体用法可以根据介词的不同而有所不同。
以下是介词加名词用法的总结:一、表示时间in表示某个时间范围之内,例如:in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening等。
on表示在某一天或某一天的上午或下午,例如:on Monday,on the second of January等。
at表示某个具体的时间点,例如:at 7 o’clock,at noon,at midnight等。
二、表示地点in表示在一个较大的空间范围内,例如:in the city,in the country等。
on表示在某物的表面上或与某物接触,例如:on the table,on the floor等。
over表示在某物的正上方,例如:over the table,over the bridge 等。
三、表示方式by表示通过某种方式或手段,例如:by bus,by phone,by email 等。
with表示使用某种工具或方法,例如:with a pen,with a computer等。
along表示沿着某条路线或方向,例如:along the street,along the river等。
四、表示原因because表示因为某种原因或理由,例如:because of the rain,because he was late等。
due to表示由于某种原因或理由,例如:due to the snowstorm,due to the accident等。
thanks to表示由于某种原因或理由而感谢某人或某事,例如:thanks to your help,thanks to good weather等。
五、其他用法除了以上常见的用法外,还有一些介词加名词可以表示其他关系或概念,例如:in front of表示在某物的前面,in spite of表示尽管有某种障碍或不利条件等。
名词、介词辨析名词:一、名词的分类:可数名词:个体名词、集体名词不可数名词:物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词二、名词的数:(记住特例)1、单数名词变为复数名词的常用法则:(1)以-o结尾的名词变为复数时,常在词尾加-s,但是下列名词要加-es:potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, Negroes(黑人),volcanoes(火山;也可以加s).(2)以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-s,但是下列名词需把f或fe去掉,加ves,如下:selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, wolves, halves, shelves.(3)合成名词构成复数时,通常只要把主体名词变为复数:passers-by.若没有主体名词则变最后一部分:housewives, storytellers.2、常见的不可数名词(略)3、有些复数名词表示特别的意义:expectations前程works 工厂、著作、工事airs傲气damages赔偿金contents目录goods ashes glasses sands woods greens times drinks arms looks manners lines brains customs irons regards pains spirits waters papers ……4、单复数同形:(重点记忆)Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, series, means, works, , crossroad, horsepower,fish, fruit(最后两个表示种类时可以加s)另外:集体名词取决于主语的意义,看是单数还是复数!如:family, public, team等三、名词的格:1、所有格的意义:所属,类别,动作的执行者或承受者,如:John’s a women’s college mother’s praise/children’s education2、双重所有格:(1)名词+of+名词所有格:a friend of my father’s(2)名词+of+名词性物主代词:a friend of mine3、名词作定语:book marks / tooth brushes ; women/men teachers四、几组名词辨析:(常考)1、cause 是造成事实或现象的原因、起因,后常接介词of: Careless is the cause of fire.reason 是说明一种看法或行为的理由,后常接for: give me your reason for goingexcuse 意为借口、辩解no more excuse!2、journey 适用范围广,可指海陆空的旅行,常指较远的旅行trip 短距离、短时间的旅行.可与上者互换,make, take, go on ~搭配(上述:强调往返性)travel 泛指旅行,一般不加冠词,复数travels多指旅行经历或到国外旅行voyage 海上旅行或航海例:Have a good journey / trip. Foreign travels. Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.3、mistake 几乎等于error, “错误、过错”error 比mistake更书面化,强调“道德方面的过失”fault 强调“(性格上)的小缺点”,小小的失误4、sight 目光、视力、视野,眼睛看到的景物(不一定是美的,就是眼前的景物而已)view 可数名词,从某一点看到的美景,have a good view 视野很开阔、很好scene 和view 一样,可数名词,它通常局部的或具体的美丽风景,更可能包括人或者放映运动状态。
(一)名词概述名词用来表示人或事物的名称。
名词可分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与不定冠词连用。
在考试命题中,主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分,以及量词修饰的使用。
考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。
另外,名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分,主要是区分's 和of的用法。
(二)基础知识梳理1. 名词复数形式的构成1)规则变化(1)一般名词后面加s。
如:month-months,bird-birds。
(2)以s,ss,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,后面加es。
如:bus-buses,boss-bosses,box-boxes,match-matches,brush-brushes。
(3)以o结尾的名词,有的加es,如:patato-patatoes,mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes;有的加s,如:radio-radios,zoo-zoos,piano-pianos。
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es。
如:factory-factories,city-cities。
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,直接加s,如:toy-toys,day-days。
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加es。
如:knife-knives,wolf-wolves(例外:roof-roofs,chief-chiefs),scarf-scarfs或scarves。
2)不规则变化(1)改元音字母,构成复数。
如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,fisherman-fishermen,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice(例外:German-Germans,walkman-walkmans,human-humans)。
(2)单复数形式一样。
如:sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,deer-deer,fish-fish。
(3)词尾变化。
如:child-children。
(4)只有复数形式,无单数形式的名词。
如;clothes,trousers,glasses,shoes。
(5)以man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时,要采用双复数形式。
如:man tourist-men tourists,woman teacher-women teachers。
2. 名词的数量表达可数名词:用数词直接修饰,如:one book,three watches,200 years;与量词连用,量词与所修饰名词都要用复数形式,如:three pairs of shoes,hundreds of years;与模糊数量词连用,如:a few relatives,some people,many boys,a lot of/lots of computers,a large number of students。
不可数名词:与量词连用,量词有复数形式,而不可数名词不能有复数形式。
如:two loaves of bread,a bottle of water;与模糊量词连用,如:some work,a little milk,much advice/time/money,a lot of/lots of news,a large amount of information。
模糊数量词修饰可数名词,有如下几个:many,a few,few,a large number of。
模糊数量词修饰不可数名词,有如下几个:much,a little,little,huge amounts of,a great deal of。
模糊数量词既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,有如下几个:some,any,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,enough。
3. 名词所有格1)表示有生命的名词所有格(1)单数名词加's,如:Peter's bag。
(2)词尾有s或es的复数名词加“'”,如:the teachers' office。
(3)不以s或es结尾的复数名词后仍加“'s”,如:Children's Day。
(4)表示时间、距离,如:today's newspaper,two hours' walk。
2)表示无生命的名词所有格,用of+名词所有格,如:the front gate of the City Hall,a map of China。
3)表示有生命的名词所有格,也可用of+名词所有格,如:a friend of mine,a book of jane's,a friend of Mary's sister's。
【注意】Peter and Mary's desk 表示“彼得和玛丽合用的桌子”Peter's and Mary's desks 表示“彼得和玛丽各自的桌子”名词语法经典例题1. Tomorrow I'm going to my________. It's a _________.A aunt...five minutes' walkB aunt's...five minute's walkC aunt...five minute's walkD aunt's...five minutes' walk2. A computer is one of the greatest________in this century.A inventorsB inventionsC invitationsD invention3. We haven't________homework to do today.A manyB a lot ofC fewD much4. Mr. Black is a teacher full of________.Yesterday he told us his________in the U.S.A experience...experienceB experiences...experiencesC experience...experiencesD experiences...experience5. Three hours________enough for a__________boy to read books.A is...ten-year-oldB are...ten-year-oldC is...ten-years-oldD are...ten-years-old6. _________that pair of new_________expensive?A Is...shoeB Are...shoeC Is...shoesD Are...shoes7. Linda, I've bought many_______. Now let's make the birthday cake.A fresh eggsB chocolate milkC frozen foodD rice dumplings8. The two________are my________.A womans doctors...girls friendsB women doctors...girls friendsC woman doctors...girl friendsD women doctors...girl friends9. Mr. Lin often gives us_______by e-mail.A some good informationB some good informationsC good informationsD a good information10. These are________houses.A Wang and my uncleB the Wang's and my uncle'sC the Wangs' and my uncleD the Wangs' and my uncle's11. People waste_______water every day.A a large number ofB a huge amount ofC manyD quite a lot12. They tended(照顾)________, and buried(埋葬)_________.A wounded...deadB the wounded...deadC the wounded...the deadD wounded...the dead13. We are__________.They are_________.A Chinese...GermenB Chinese...GermanC Chinese...GermanyD Chinese...Germans14.Did you have a lot of_________last weekend?A funnyB funniesC funD funs15. Which is wrong?_________A How many cartons of milk are there on the tables?B How much carton of milk is there on the table?C How many cartons are there on the table?D How much milk is there on the table?答案及解析1【解析】答案是D。
在表达五分钟的路程时用名词所有格,虽然时间属于无生命但表达时间、距离、国家所有格时就用's或s'形式,又因为五分钟的表达为five minutes是复数,它的所有格只要后面加'就可以了,那么排除B,C答案,根据题意“我要去舅妈家”而不是“去舅妈”,因此又排除A。
2【解析】答案是B。
上面四个选项中,A是发明家,C是请帖,从句意看不对。
由于句中有one of...结构,可以判断出空格中要填名词的复数形式,这样就否定了D。
因此,本题答案为B。
3【解析】答案是D。
much修饰不可数名词,many和few修饰可数名词,a lot of即可修饰不可数名词也可修饰可数名词。