上海市高行中学高三冲刺30天回归基础作业3

2019-2020学年上海市高行中学高三生物第三次联考试题及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 用新鲜制备的含过氧化氢酶的马铃薯悬液进行分解H2O2的实验，两组实验结果如图。

第1组曲线是在pH=7．0、20℃条件下，向5mL1%的H2O2溶液中加入0．5mL酶悬液的结果。

与第1组相比，第2组实验只做了一个改变。

第2组实验提高了（）A. 悬液中酶的浓度B.H2O2溶液的浓度C. 反应体系的温度D. 反应体系的pH2. 已知水稻的高杆和矮杆、抗病和感病分别受一对基因控制，两对基因分别位于两对同源染色体上。

孝感市科研人员用高杆抗病水稻和矮秤感病水稻杂交，后代全为高杆抗病。

再利用该高杆抗病水稻，通过不同的育种方法培育出矮杆抗病水稻。

下列有关叙述正确的是（）A.利用杂交育种培育的原理发生在减数第二次分裂后期B.利用诱变育种可在短时间内定向获得矮秤抗病水稻C.利用现代生物技术可以定向培育矮杆抗病水稻D.单倍体育种中花药离体培养获得的单倍体种子产量低3. 下列关于原核细胞、真核细胞和病毒的叙述正确的是（）A. 原核细胞生命系统的边界是细胞的最外层结构B. 高等动物体内的大多数细胞不会形成纺锤体C. 含叶绿体的细胞内色素均存在于原生质层内D. 用含32P的培养基可直接标记新冠病毒的遗传物质4. 屠呦呦从黄花蒿（中医药方中称为青蒿）中提取青蒿素，荣膺2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

青蒿素是治疗疟疾的特效药，是脂类性物质，易溶于有机溶剂，几乎不溶于水。

其抗疟疾作用机理主要是通过青蒿素活化产生自由基，自由基与疟原蛋白结合，从而对疟原虫的细胞结构及其功能造成破坏。

下列相关叙述正确的是（）A. 青蒿素可以用无水乙醇、丙酮等物质进行提取B. 青蒿素在核糖体上合成，其合成受青蒿素基因直接控制C. 青蒿素可使疟原虫生物膜系统的基本支架及染色质遭到破坏D. 青蒿素以胞吞形式进入疟原虫细胞，需要消耗ATP5. 某种动物的毛色受一对等位基因A和a的控制，A控制黄色色素相关酶的合成，a控制黑色色素相关酶的合成。

2024届上海市高东中学高三第三次模拟考试化学试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

一、选择题(共包括22个小题。

每小题均只有一个符合题意的选项）1、化学与人类生产、生活、社会可持续发展密切相关。

下列说法正确的是( )A．自来水厂常用明矾作消毒杀菌剂B．高铁车用大部分材料是铝合金，铝合金材料具有强度大、质量轻、抗腐蚀能力强等优点C．硅胶可作瓶装药品的干燥剂及催化剂载体，也是重要的半导体材料D．使用肥皂洗手可预防病毒，肥皂的主要成分硬脂酸钠溶于水显酸性2、有机物M、N之间可发生如图转化.下列说法不正确的是A．M能与溴水发生加成反应B．M分子中所有碳原子共平面C．N能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色D．M、N均能发生水解反应和酯化反应3、下列有关实验基本操作的说法正确的是A．用滴定法测定某成分时，一定用到的仪器主要有铁架台、滴定管和锥形瓶B．使用CCl4萃取溴水中的溴时，振荡后立即进行分液操作C．洗净的锥形瓶和容量瓶可以放进烘箱中烘干D．取出试剂瓶中的金属钠，切取少量后把剩余的金属钠投入到废液缸中4、分枝酸可用于生化研究。

其结构简式如图。

下列关于分枝酸的叙述正确的是A．分子中含有2种官能团B．可与乙醇、乙酸反应，且反应类型相同C．1mol分枝酸最多可与3molNaOH发生中和反应D．可使溴的四氯化碳溶液、酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色，且原理相同5、钾长石(KAlSi3O8)是一种钾的铝硅酸盐，可用于制备Al2O3、K2CO3等物质，制备流程如图所示：下列有关说法正确的是A．上述流程中可以重复利用的物质只有Na2CO3B．钾长石用氧化物的形式可表示为K2O·Al2O3·3SiO2C．煅烧过程中Si、K和Al元素转化为CaSiO3、KAlO2和NaAlO2D．沉淀过程中的离子方程式为CO2+2AlO2-+3H2O=CO32-+2Al(OH)3↓6、煤的干馏实验装置如图所示。

2020年上海市高行中学高三英语三模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOne day when I was 5, my mother blamed me for not finishing my rice and I got angry. I wanted to play outside and not to be made to finish eating my old rice. When angrily opening the screen door (纱门) with my foot, I kicked back about a 12-inch part of the lower left hand corner of the new screen door. But I had no regret, for I was happy to be playing in the backyard with my toys.Today, I know if my child had done what I did, I would have blamed my child, and told him about how expensive this new screen door was, and I would have delivered a spanking (打屁股) for it. However, my parents never said a word. They left the corner of the screen door pushed out, creating an opening, in the defense against unwanted insects.For years, every time I saw that corner of the screen, it would constantly make me think about my mistake. For years, I knew that everyone in my family would see that hole and remember who did it. For years, every time I saw a fly buzzing (嗡嗡) in the kitchen, I would wonder if it came in through the hole that I had created with my angry foot. Iwould wonder if my family members were thinking the same thing, silently blaming me every time a flying insect entered our home, making life more terrible for us all. My parents taught me a valuable lesson, one that a spanking or stern (严厉的) words perhapscould not deliver. Their silent punishment for what I had done delivered a hundred stern messages to me. Above all, it has helped me become a more patient person and not burst out so easily.1. When the author damaged the door, his parents _______.A. gave him a spankingB. left the door unrepairedC. told him how expensive it wasD. blamed him for what he had done2. The experience may cause the author _______.A. not to go against his parents’ willB. to have a better control of himselfC. not to make mistakes in the futureD. to hide his anger away from others3. What is the main idea of this text?A. Parents is the best way to solve problems.B. Parents are the best teachers of their children.C. Adults should ignore their children’s bad behavior.D. Silent punishment may have a better effect on educating people.BWatching what you eat can be easier said than done, but a recent study shows it might not just be about what's on your plate — it could be about how quickly it disappears.Japanese researchers followed 1,083 adultsfor five years, splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast. They also answered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study, sharing their diet, physical activity, and medical history. In the beginning, none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome (新陈代谢综合征) - meaning at least three risk factors — which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes.When the participants reported back five years later 84 had been diagnosed (诊断) with metabolic syndrome — and their eating speed was a major predictor, according to the results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow and normal eaters. Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, compared to 11.6 percent of fast eaters. But that's not all. Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters.The researchers saygobblingmakes it easier not to take notice of fullness before your body has a chance to signal you to stop. “So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat,” said Takayuki Yamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement.Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too. One study of New Zealand women found fast eaters have higher body-mass indexes (指数), and a Chinese study found that both healthy and fat men ate less when told to chew 40 times instead of 15 times before swallowing. Initial research even suggests chewing your food longer could bum more calories - up to about 1,000 extra every month.4. What are the participants divided by?A. Medical history.B. Health condition.C. Physical activity.D. Eating speed.5. Which may be the result of the study?A. Fast eaters are 4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.B. Normal and slow eaters don’t have metabolic illness.C. 89% of fast eaters have higher blood pressure.D. Slow caters are healthier than fast eaters.6. What does the underlined word “gobbling” in Paragraph 4 best mean?A. Tasting slowly.B. Digesting quickly.C. Eating greedily.D. Cooking carefully.7. What does the last paragraph tell us?A. The importance of eating speed.B. The advantage of eating slowly.C. The result of a Chinese study.D. Fast eating and overeating.CWhile space travel still gets lot of attention, not enough attention has been paid to the exploration of oceans, about which we know much less than the dark side of the moon.Ninety percent of the ocean floor has not even been recorded and while we have been to the moon, the technology to explore the ocean's floors is still being developed. For example, a permanent partially-underwater sea exploration station, called the Sea Orbiter, is currently in development.The oceans play a major role in controlling our climate. But we have not learned yet how to use them to cool us off rather than contribute to our overheating. Ocean organisms are said to hold the promise of cures for a wide of the unique eyes of skate (ray fish) led to advances in conquering blindness, the horseshoe crab was important in developing a test for bacterial pollution, and sea urchins helped in the development of test-tube fertilization(人工授精). The toadfish's' ability to regenerate its central nervous system is of much interest to neuroscientists. A recent Japanese study concluded that the drug Eribulin, which was taken from sea sponges, is effective in fighting with breast, colon, and Urinary cancer.Given the approaching crisis of water insufficiency, we badly need to improve current methods, of desalinating(淡化) ocean water and make them more efficient and less costly. By 2025, 1.8 billion people are expected to suffer from severe water shortage, with that number jumping to 3. 9 billion by 2050-well over a third of the entire global population.If the oceansdo not make your heart go beating faster, how about engineering a bacterium that eats carbon dioxide — and thus helps protect the world from overheating — and produces fuel which will allow us to drive our cars and machines, without oil? I cannot find any evidence that people young or old, Americans or citizens of other nations would be less impressed or less inspired with such a breakthrough than with one more set of photos of a faraway galaxy or a whole Milky Way full of stars.8. What does the author think about the ocean exploration?A. It is equal to the space exploration.B. It is well developed.C. It deserves more attention and devotion.D. It is beyond our knowledge.9. What technology has been developed to make use of the oceans?A. Curing human diseases with ocean organisms.B. Preventing the world getting warmer.C. Mapping the global ocean floor.D. Removing salt from sea water.10. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A. The temperature rise will be overcome by a bacterium.B. Solving the existing problems is more significant.C. The space exploration is worth the efforts.D. The ocean exploration is not inspiring.11. What is the best title of the passage?A. Oceans, the Last Hope.B. Oceans, the Hidden Treasure.C. Space, the Final Frontier.D. Space, the Faraway Dream.DI got my first bike when I was nine years old. Jimmy, the bike, was my first love. I rode it everywhere. The suburb, the back lanes, the fields and forests, the river paths and swampland were far more exciting than any adventure novel or television series.There’s nothing quite like the relationship between a child and his bicycle and the endless happiness two wheels and a pair of strong legs offer. No video or computer game can replace the liberation of being alone on a bicycle.As parents, to deny children the simple pleasure of riding a bike is a failure of our responsibilities to raise independent and stable young citizens. We should offer our children a healthy alternative to hours in front of an addictive screen. Studies have shown that cycling promotes not only muscle growth but brain growth. Guess which country has children with the best mental health outcomes and is regularly the top of listings of the happiest young people. No surprise it’s theNetherlands, the unquestioned leader among industrial countries in encouraging bicycle use.Our dependence on cars has degraded the public transport system, polluted our sky, led to the untimely death of thousands every year, and denied children safe access to their suburbs. A recent study found that 69% of children were accompanied to school. The same study found that a similar number of parents drove to work.In some regions ofJapan, when children start their first year of school, parents are expected to walk with them for the first few weeks, introducing them to residents and shopkeepers along the chosen route, letting the community take care of these children. However, driving children to school isproscribed. Children can choose to ride a bike or walk to school after they are familiar with the community, and it’s the community’s role to keep them safe.Therefore, I strongly advise the government to provide better infrastructure (基础设施). Build separated cycle lanes, decrease speed limits, and design street scapes that favour people over cars. The results will be less pollution, quieter suburbs, a healthier population and, best of all, happy and independent children.12. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He was addicted to computer games.B. He liked taking adventurous trips in nature.C. He had great fun exploring the outside by cycling.D.He got his first birthday present at the age of nine.13. Why does the author mention theNetherlandsin Paragraph 3?A. To introduce his good way of raising independent children.B. To illustrate the great influence riding has on mental health.C. To stress the importance of being physically and mentally healthy.D. To explain cycling does best in city development in theNetherlands.14. What does the underlined word “proscribed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Recommended.B. Protected.C. Delayed.D. Forbidden.15. How does the author mainly support his idea?A. By analyzing causes.B. By listing examples.C.By giving definitions.D. By analyzing scientific data.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2024届上海浦东新区高三英语综合练习卷(三模)2024.5第一卷I.Listening Comprehension(略)II.Grammar and Vocabulary(20分)Section ADirections:After reading the passage below.fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word:for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.In the fall of1903,O.Henry was living in a room at the small Hotel Marty in New York City.He had published a few stories in local magazines,but was still relatively unknown when editors at the New York World newspaper sent a young reporter(21)______(track)down this mysterious writer.By the next day,O.Henry had an agreement with the newspaper to write one story a week for the magazine section of their Sunday edition.The World had(22)______(large)daily circulation in the world,and O.Henry's stories about New York life became immensely popular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years,O.Henry had established his reputation(23)______a gifted storyteller and master of surprise endings.O.Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Porter,who was born in North Carolina.At the age of twenty,he moved to Texas.(24)______he held a variety of jobs,eventually becoming a bank teller.He married and became a reporter and columnist for the Houston Post.After a few years,his wife(25)______(diagnose)with a serious infectious disease,and he was accused of illegally taking the money of the bank where he worked.Some people have claimed(26)_____he was stealing money to help pay his wife's medical bills.O.Henry fled to Central America,but his wife was too ill to accompany him.Months later,(27)_____her condition worsened,he returned and turned himself in to the police.His wife soon died,and O.Henry spent three years in prison in Ohio.It was during his time in prison that he began writing the stories that would make him famous.W.S.Porter(28)______(emerge)from prison as O.Henry.In1902O.Henry moved to New York City and started trying to sell his stories.In a few years his luck changed for the better,and his position with the New York World helped make him a (29)______(celebrate)author.He published more than three hundred stories and gained worldwide acclaim.O.Henry's writing is admired for its colorful and realistic depictions of the everyday lives of New Yorkers.His stories are known for their plot twists and surprise endings.In fact,O.Henry's own life ended with a"twist"--his funeral was somehow scheduled in the same church at the same time as someone else's wedding!The O.Henry Award(30)______(honor)the authors of the best stories printed each year in American magazines.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.advancesbedD.headsE.automationF.modestprehensive H.thinned I.prior J.underlie K.unearthDoes technology replace more jobs than it creates?What is the___31___balance between these two things?Until now,that has not been measured.But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer,at least for U.S.history since1940.The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine___32___,and how many have been generated through“augmentation(增强),”in which technology creates new tasks. Overall,the study finds,and particularly since1980,technology has replaced more U.S.jobs than it has generated.“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation,and a slower rate of augmentation,in the last four decades,from1980to the present,than in the four decades___33___,”says Autor. However,that finding is only one of the study's___34___.The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue,based on an analysis of thousands of U.S.census job categories in relation to a(n)___35___look at the text of U.S.patents over the last century.That has allowed them,for the first time,to quantify the effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.The study finds that overall,about60percent of jobs in the U.S.represent new types of work, which have been created since1940.To determine this.Autor and his colleagues___36___ through about35,000job categories,tracking how they emerge over time.They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S.patent filed since1920.The research examined how words were"embedded"in the census and patent documents to___37___related passages of text.That allowed them to determine links between new technologies and their effects on employment.From about1940through1980,for instance,jobs like elevator operator and typesetter tended to get automated.But at the same time,more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks,buyers and department___38___,and civil and space engineers.From1980through2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists,among others,have been___39___by automation, while industrial engineers,and operations and systems researchers and analysts,have enjoyed growth.Ultimately,the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the1980-2018period as in the1940-1980period.There was a more ___40___,and positive,change in the effect of augmentation on employment in1980-2018,as compared to1940-1980.III.Reading Comprehension(45分)Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.More people are travelling than ever before,and lower barriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for___41___periods.The rise of"city breaks"48-hour bursts of foreign cultures,easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers.but not their___42___spread.The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris,Barcelona and Venice for decades,and visitors use the same infrastructure(基础设施)as residents to reach them.“Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,"says Font,an expert in tourism."For___43___,the city no longer belongs to them.”In response to this situation,cities have come up with various solutions.For instance, Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek___44___outside of the city center on its official website.“That takes courage,really,to do that.But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they're doing all they can to45congestion.”But it also proposes a better way,which is called"de-tourism":sustainable travel tips and___ 46___schedules for exploring a real Venice,off the paths beaten by the28million visitors who flock there each year.A greater variety of___47___for prospective visitors--ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example,or outside of the city center--can have the effect of removing them from already crowded landmarks,or___48___short breaks away in the first place.Longer stays___49___the pressure,says Font.'If you go to Paris for two days,you're going to the Eiffel Tower.If you go for two weeks,you're not going to go to the Eiffel Tower14times."Similarly,repeat visitors have a better sense of the___50___,“We should be asking how we can get tourists to___51___,not how to get them to come for the first time.If they're coming for the fifth time,it is much easier to integrate their behaviors with ours."Font says cities could stand to be more___52___about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are,and how far they've come. "You're thinking,'yeah but at what cost…"He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourist for spending an average of640more per day than French tourists--a(n)___53___that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint.___54 ___tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times,buy local products,and spread out to less crowded parts of the city--all productive steps towards more ___55___tourism,and more peaceful relations with residents.41.A.longer B.shorter C.wider D.clearer42.A.environmental B.national C.economic D.geographic43.A.locals B.tourists C.visitors D.cleaners44.A.transports B.accommodation C.restaurants D.service45.A.cause B.fuel C.transfer D.ease46.A.separate B.individual C.alternative D.objective47.A.reform B.guidance C.invitation D.support48.A.convincing B.discouraging C.promoting D.Enjoying49.A.release B.enhance C.remove D.relieve50.A.culture B.knowledge C.entertainment D.ability51.A.go with B.bring up e back y off52.A.selective B.optimistic C.curious D.doubtful53.A.distinction B.harmony C.association parison54.A.French B.Japanese C.Spanish D.Germanfortable plex C.temporary D.sustainable Section BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)My husband and I live near San Luis Obispo,California,close to the beach.In November2023, during the humpback whale migration,we kayaked(划皮划艇)out to watch the wildlife.We were in awe watching these graceful whales breach and spray through their blowholes.At the time,my friend Liz was staying with us.Initially,she refused to join us on the water, fearing the kayak would overturn among the whales.After some cajoling(劝说),she finally agreed to join me.The following morning,we set out early and had our first whale sighting just past the pier:two humpbacks swimming toward us.How amazing to be that close to a creature that size,I thought as the whales dipped under the waterline.When whales go down after breaching,they leave what looks like an oil slick on the water.I figured if we paddled toward that spot,we'd be safe from the whales,since they'd just left.We followed them at a distance--or what I thought was a distance.I later found out that it's recommended to keep300feet away.We were more like60feet away.Suddenly,we were surrounded by jumping silverfish fleeing from the whales.Before we could react,our kayak was lifted out of the water about six feet,bracketed by massive jaws.Liz and I slipped out of the kayak into the whale's mouth.As the whale's mouth closed,I felt the creature begin to dive and had no idea how deep we'd be dragged.Still,I didn't panic.I just kept thinking,I've got to fight this.I've got to breathe.Whales have enormous mouths but tiny throats.Anything they can't swallow they spit right out.That included us.As soon as the whale dipped underwater,it ejected us,and we poppedback up onto the surface about a foot apart.The entire ordeal lasted only about10seconds. Other kayakers rushed to our aid,shocked to see us alive.But I am much more aware of the power of nature and the ocean than I was before.Liz was shaken up,comparing the ordeal to a near-death experience,and she says her whale-watching days are over.But even she had to laugh when she got home that afternoon and realized she'd brought back a souvenir.When she pulled offher shirt,six silverfish flopped out.56.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.At first,Liz was hesitant to go on the kayaking trip because she was not interested in whale watching.B.If Liz and I had maintained a distance of300feet from the whales,we might have avoided the subsequent danger.C.Liz and I slipped into the whale's mouth because jumping silverfish overturned our kayak.D.Liz is likely to go on another whale-watching trip someday because she found a precious souvenir from this kayaking.57.How did the narrator feel during the whale encounter?A.Terrified and panicked.B.Disoriented underwater.C.Calm and focused.D.Regretful about going kayaking.58.The underlined word"ordeal"in Paragraph5probably meansA.a challenging or difficult experienceB.a thrilling experienceC.a surprising encounterD.a joyful adventure59.What would be the best title of this passage?A.How to Survive a Whale AttackB.Respecting the Power of NatureC.A Day at San Luis Obispo BeachD.I Survived Being Swallowed By a Whale(B)IN CONTEXTBRANCHGeologyBEFORE6th century BCE The Greek thinker Thales of Miletus notes magnetic rocks,or lodestones(天然磁石).1st century CE Chinese By the late1500s,ships'captains already relied on magnetic compasses to maintain their course across the oceans.Yet no one knew how they worked.Some thought the compass needle was attracted to the North Star,others that it was drawn to magnetic mountains in the Arctic.It was English physician William Gilbert who discoveredthat Earth itself is magnetic.Stronger reasons are obtained from sure experiments and demonstrated arguments than from prohable conjectures (推测)amd the opinions of philasophical speculators. William Gilbertdiviners make primitive compasses with iron spoon that can turn around to point south.1269French scholar Pierre de Maricourt sets out the basic laws of magnetic attraction,repulsion,and poles.AFTER1824French mathematician Siméon Poisson models the forces in a magnetie field.1940s American physicist Walter Maurice Elsasser attributes Earth's magnetic field to iron swirling in its outer core as theplanet rotates.1958Explorer1space mission shows Earth's magnetic field extending far out into space.Gilbert's breakthrough came not from a flash of inspiration, but from17years of careful experiment.He learned all he could from ships"captains and compass makers,and then he made a model globe,or“terrella,”out of the magnetic rock lodestone and tested compass needles against it.The needles reacted around the terrella just as ships'compasses did on a larger scale—showing the same patterns of declination(pointing slightly away from true north at the geographic pole,which differs from magnetic north)and inclination(tilting down from the horizontaltoward the globe)Gilbert concluded,rightly,that the entire planet is a magnet and has a core of iron.He published his ideas in the book De Magnete(On the Magnet)in1600,causing a sensation. Johannes Kepler and Galileo,in particular,were inspired by his suggestion that Earth is not fixed to rotating celestial spheres,as most people still thought,but is made to spin by the invisible force of its own magnetism.60.Before the16century,how did captains navigate across oceans?A.The North Star navigated their ships.B.The magnetic mountains in the Arctic guided their journey.C.Magnetic compasses helped them maintain the course.D.The forces in a magnetic field attracted the ships.61.How did William Gilbert find out the fact that Earth itself is magnetic?A.Through trials and errors.B.Through some personal philosophical speculation.C.By acquiring some flash inspiration.D.By studying the ideas of some philosophers.62.Which of the following statement might Galileo agree with?A.The earth stays still.B.Gilbert successfully refuted the laws of magnetic attraction.C.Gilbert's findings and conclusions are sensational.D.The earth has its own magnetic field.(C)Could your dog be prone to a fatal disease?Is your new shelter pup part beagle or boxer?Many pet owners seek answers to these questions,and as a result,direct-to-consumer dog DNA testing is booming.Human interfering with dog DNA has long been the driving factor behind dogs"breed diversity --or lack thereof.But a dog's DNA can also be used to confirm their lineage(血统)or identify their breed,a boon for pet owners on the lookout for breed-specific health or behavioral challenges or those looking to confirm their dog really has the heritage claimed by a breeder or seller.During DNA analysis,labs sequence the dog's DNA and look for similarities with a dataset of identified dog breeds.But breed identification isn't as simple as it might seem.In a study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association last month,scientists looked into the accuracy of breed prediction in commercially available DNA tests that required a photo of the dog in addition to its DNA sample.The results were mixed,says Casey Greene,a professor who co-authored the study.“Most tests could accurately distinguish the breed of purebred dogs,”says Greene.But the analysis suggested that some testing companies might rely on the photo more than the dog's actual genetics-and revealed big differences between companies'business practices and the genetic datasets they use to determine dog breeds.The researchers submitted photos and DNA of12purebred dogs to a total of six commercial canine(犬的)ancestry identification services.Since each pup was purebred and possessed extensive American Kennel Club paperwork,the researchers knew their breed conclusively—but in some cases they provided a photo of a different dog to see if the photo influenced the DNA results.One of the companies misidentified a purebred Chinese crested dog--almost entirely hairless--as a long-haired Brittany spaniel,seemingly based on the photo alone.The other five did identify the registered breed correctly,but often gave different predictions for other"ancestor"breeds in dogs whose DNA suggested mixed breeding in prior generations.The researchers concluded that veterinarians and pet owners alike should"approach direct-to-consumer tests with caution”given the lack of industry standardization and at least onecompany's reliance on photographs instead of DNA analysis.Despite these concerns,though,dog DNA seems headed for a golden age--and the insights revealed through further study of Fido's genome(基因组)have already reached far beyond the doghouse.Domesticated dogs have emerged as surprising superstars in medical research that benefits humans.According to researchers,that's just the beginning,With implications ranging from entertaining to consequential,there's no telling what dog DNA will continue to unleash.63.The underlined word"boon"in paragraph two is closest in meaning to______.A.blessingB.substituteC.dutyD.struggle64,According to the passage,dog DNA testing can serve the following purposes except that______.A.it assists in accurately determining the breed a dog belongs toB.it helps to predict whether dogs are subject to certain diseasesC.it provides pet owners with insights into dogs'behavioral challengesD.it sequences the DNA of identified dog breeds to find their similarities65.Which of the following statements can be concluded from the passage?A.Photos play a more significant role in identifying a dog's breed than its actual genetics.B.It is a common phenomenon that the DNA analysis of dogs may yield mixed results.mercial dog DNA tests still have limitations and should be dealt with cautiously.D.Direct-to-consumer tests overshadow DNA analysis in identifying purebred dogs.66.What does the passage suggest about the future of dog DNA testing?A.Controversies regarding its reliability are here to stay.B.It is bound to make breakthroughs in the fields of medicine and entertainment.C.It can step into a golden age as long as some research limitations are fixed.D.It may have far-reaching significance and be applied to a wider range of areas.Section CDirections:Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Early interventions are key,so you've got to stay active.B.Perhaps surprisingly,those who deal with it have struggled to settle on a single definition.C.It's not something we're born with,but also it's not something we learn,but an ability that we gain early and lose over time.D.For some people,just try to build in an element of balance and muscle strengthening.E.Maybe you used to be able to quickly stand on one leg to put a shoe on,and you've stopped doing that at some point.F.Whatever activity you choose,the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to,notwhen it becomes an issue.Until we start to lose our balance,we barely notice that it's there at all."It starts for a lot of people with simple stuff,"says Dr Anna Lowe,an expert on healthy ageing and physical activity. ______67_______It's easy to either miss the signs or just put it down to ageing--but it really is something you can affect.”The key,it is increasingly becoming clear,is to address the decline before it gets serious:and that can happen earlier than you might think.What is balance?Technically,it's the complex interaction of several different systems in your body-from muscles,nerves,eyesight and the inner ear to the sensory system that lets you recognise where your body is touching the ground,along with movement receptors within your joints that tell you where your body is in space.______68______A lack of balance is,globally,associated with serious health problems.Earlier this year,the British Jourmal of Sports Medicine published the results of a decade-long study involving more than1,700middle-aged participants,which concluded that an inability to balance was associatedwith an almost twofold increase in risk of death.“______69______"agrees Lowe,an associate professor researching strength and balance in midlife.“Older women are far less active than older men,and general activity,just moving around and doing stuff,affects balance a lot.Single-legged movements,such as walking lunges, are a great test of dynamic(动态的)balance,but even bilateral movements,like squats(深蹲),can provide a challenge."______70_______Resistance exercise,whether that means lifting weights or hiking with a backpack,comes with a host of other proven health benefits,from improved bone density to a reduced risk of Alzheimer's.As Locker puts it:everyone's told to save money for their retirement, and nobody's taught to save their balance.But both are difficult to get back once they're gone.IV.Summary Writing(10分)71.Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.It seems that deep,long-lasting happiness comes from intangible things,rather than things like chocolates and smart-phones.One essential factor is human relationships.People who have the support of family members and also have strong friendships are more likely to be happy. Feeling protected and respected and knowing you can trust in the people around you is vital.But happiness means you have to give and take.Performing acts of kindness and generosity on a regular basis,for example,listening to a friend in need for carrying a ncighbor's shopping,will make you feel on top of the world.Even a simple smile can work wonders.In fact,they say that one smile makes a person feel as good as eating2,000bars of chocolates(not all at once,ofcourse).It is not surprising that health is another key contributor to happiness.Poor health will certainly make you feel down in the mouth.But being healthy and staying healthy require some effort.A healthy diet is crucial and so is regular ziness will not make you happy. Exercising for20to30minutes a day helps to reduce stress and anxiety and makes you feel more positive and optimistic because it releases endorphins(feel-good chemicals).So,if you have been feeling blue and worrying too much about your exams,get exercising.You'll also find that you sleep better.Talking of sleep,do you often wake up feeling miserable?If so,it's probably because you haven't had enough of it.Teenagers tend to go to bed too late and have to get up early,so many suffer from a lack of sleep.Tiredness will certainly affect your happiness levels and put you in a bad mood.It also affects your ability to concentrate and may slow your growth.So if you want to be happy and do well at school,try to get at least eight hours of sleep a night.Now that you know the theory,it's time to put it all into practice.第二卷V.Translation(15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.景区可利用短视频提升知名度，助力文旅宣传。

2020-2021学年上海市高行中学高三英语三模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you are sending a text message watching TV or listening to the radio, you may stop and give this your full attention. Multitasking shrinks (使.....萎缩)the brain? research suggests.A study found that men and womenwho frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain. University of Sussex researchers said, " Using mobile phones, laptops and other media devicessimultaneouslycould be changing the structure of our brains."Worryingly, the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion. The finding follows research which has linked multitasking with a shortened attention span, depression , anxiety and lower grades at school.The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology. This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking e-mail, or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the Internet. The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingu-late cortex (ACC)(前扣带皮层).Scientists have proved that brain structure can be changed on exposure to fresh environments and experience.Other studies have shown that training—such as learning to play magic tricks or taxi drivers' learning the map of London―can increase grey matter densities (密度)in certain parts.Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span. The University of California team conducted a survey of more than 18,000 people aged between 18 and 99，and found 20%had problems with memory. Researchers were shocked greatly by the 14 % of 18 to 39-year-old people who also worried about their memories.Multitasking may shorten attention span, making it harder to focus and form memories, the researchers said, adding that youngsters may be particularly affected by stress.1. The underlined word " simultaneously" in Paragraph 2 means "________，"A. on one's ownB. at no timeC. at the same timeD. by accident2. All of the following are possible effects of multitasking EXCEPT________ .A. saving timeB. a shortened attention spanC. lower grades at schoolD. depression and anxiety3. Which ofthe following can be the best title of this passage?A. Media multitasking is becoming more popularB. Multitasking shrinks the brainC. Multitasking may shorten attention spanD. People are worried about their memories.BFor years video games have been criticised for making people more antisocial, overweight or depressed. Bui now researchers are finding that video games can actually change us for the better and improve both our body and mind.Games can help to develop physical skills. Pre-school children who played interactive games have been shown to have improved motor skills, for example they can kick, catch and throw a ball better than children who don’t play video games. A study found that those who played video games were 27 percent faster and made 37 percent fewer errors than those who didn't.Games also benefit a variety of brain functions, including decision-making. People who play action-based games make decisions 25 percent faster than others, according to one study. It was also found that the best gamers can make choices and act on them up to six times a second, four times faster than most people. In another study by researchers from the University of Rochester in New York, experienced gamers were shown to be able to pay attention to more than six things at once without getting confused, compared with the four that most people can normally keep in mind.There is also evidence that gaming can help with psychological problems. At the University of Auckland in New Zealand, researchers asked 94 young people diagnosed with depression to play a 3D fantasy game called SPARX and in many cases, the game reduced symptoms of depression more than conventional treatment.4. In what way playing video games benefits very young children?A. Muscle control.B. Social interaction.C. Decision-making.D. The ability to focus.5. Which type of video game improves the decision-making speed?A. Interactive games.B. Action-based games.C. 3D fantasy games.D.Violent games.6. What is the authors attitude to video games?A. Indifferent.B. Objective.C. Worried.D. Critical.7. What is the text mainly about?A. The effects of different types of video games.B. The negative effects of playing video games.C. The beneficial effects of playing video games.D. The effects of games on people's behavior.CYou don't generally expect to put yourself in the public eye whenyou go on vacation. However when a British couple, Jessica and Edward, flew to Crete, they found themselves attracting a lot of attention after coming across a large sum of money in the street.At first, their Crete vacation hadn't been anything outside of the norm. However, it was as they were exploring the souvenir shops that everything changed. The couple were just walking down the street when Jessica suddenly kicked something lying on the ground. It looked a bit like a make-up bag and so they assumed that someone had lost it.Without hesitation, Jessica picked up the bag and opened it. She was shocked to see a lot of money in it-a total of 7,100 Euros. There was probably a lot they could do with all that money. However, the couple didn't have it in them to steal what belonged to someone else. Going to the police was the first thought that came to mind when Jessica saw the money. She didn't consider that there was any other choice, so the couple handed over the money to the local police.The police found the owner, an elderly woman, and informed the couple that the woman wanted to meet them. When they eventually met at the police station, the woman was so overcome with emotion that she wouldn't stop hugging and blessing them, although they insisted they were just doing the right thing.News of what the couple had done quickly made its way around the island. The locals wanted to show them their gratitude. This included receiving free taxi rides and even an offer to have their hotel room upgraded. The couple appreciated the kindness, but it was all getting to be a bit too much. They just wanted to have a normal vacation.They are probably hoping that they fly a little more under the radar during their next vacation. There's only so much attention that these two lovebirds can handle.8. What is the first reaction of the couple after finding the money?A. They decided to do all with that money.B. They bought something in souvenir shops.C. They turned it over to the local police station.D. They tried to look for the owner by themselves.9. Which o£ the following can best describe the locals in Crete?A. Polite and hard-working.B. Kind and grateful.C. Sociable and honest.D. Rich and determined.10. Why do the couple hope to “fly a little more under the radar" in the last paragraph?A. They want to take fewer flights.B. They can't handle more radars.C. They hope to gain less attention.D. They don't have more money.11. What can we learn from the text?A. Good things come to kind people.B. The early bird catchesthe worm.C. Behind bad luck conies good luck.D. Money is too much for strangers.DDo you ever listen to the songs that your parents like? Chances are that you don’t. You probably think the music that they like is old and boring and that the songs on your playlist are muchcooler. But scientists found that people’s music taste changes as time goes by. So it is likely that your own musical preferences will follow a similar path to your parents’, whether you like it or not.We used to think that culture and personality (个性) are the only reasons for different music choices. But researchers at the University of Cambridge noticed that as people enter into different age groups, their social environment changes, and so does their music taste. There are some musical periods that people go through in their life.The first period comes in the teenage years, during which people like strong music such as punk and rock, because teenagers tend to be aggressive or want to be independent.But as people move into early adulthood, their lifestyles change they want to build close relationships with others. As a result, they become fonder of contemporary music, such as pop and R&.B, which is usually uplifting and danceable.When middle age comes, most people have settled down. During this period, people prefer music, such as jazz and classical, as well as music like country, folk and blues.As for old people, they prefer old songs in their childhoods. They generally listen to relaxing music, such as country music and jazz music. But you must be questioning. “Aren’t there old people who are still interested in oreven crazy about rock music?” Of course there are. But their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed. At that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youth.12. What do young people usually think of the songs their parents enjoy?A. They are actually less cool.B. They are worth listening to.C. They are especially serious.D. They are hard to understand.13. How many musical periods are there that people go through in their life?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.14. People who want to make friends mostly prefer ________.A. jazz musicB. country musicC. rock musicD. pop music15. What is the best title for the text?A. People Have Different Opinions on MusicB. People Listen to Music for the Same ReasonC. People’s Taste in Music Changes with TimeD. People’s Lifestyle Can Be Changed by Music第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海市高行中学高三生物三模试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 据调查，支付宝“蚂蚁森林”公益活动在荒漠化地区至今已经种植了约1亿棵树，包括红柳、胡杨、梭梭树等，这些树种都是防风固沙的好品种。

下列有关叙述正确的是（）A. 随着该活动的开展荒漠化地区不一定能演替成森林B. 该地区高矮不一的梭梭树体现了群落的垂直结构C. 该地区所有的树和动物构成了一个群落D. 各类树的防风固沙功能体现了生物多样性的直接价值2. 下列各项中，不能体现生命活动离不开细胞的是（）A.新型冠状病毒寄生在肺部等活细胞内生活繁殖B.离体的叶绿体在一定外界条件下能释放氧气C.单细胞生物能够独立完成生命活动D.细胞增殖、分化是多细胞生物生长发育的基础3. 参与植物光合作用暗反应和有氧呼吸第二阶段必需的物质分别是（）A.CO2、[H]、A TP；丙酮酸、水、ADPB.H2O、CO2、ADP；O2、葡萄糖、ADPC.H2O、CO2、ATP；CO2、水、A TPD.[H]、H2O、ADP；[H]、O2、ATP4. 人体细胞因某种原因改变了生物膜的分子排列，下列受到影响的细胞结构有（）①细胞膜①线粒体①核糖体①中心体①高尔基体①内质网①大液泡①叶绿体①溶酶体A.①①①①①①①B.①①①①①C.①①①①①①D.①①①①①5. 细胞具有相对独立的内部环境，但其生命活动的正常进行，也离不开物质的运输，下列叙述正确的是A. 神经纤维产生兴奋后，钠离子以协助扩散的方式大量内流B. 胰岛素属于蛋白质分子，主要以胞吞的方式进入肝细胞内C. 同一生物体内不同细胞膜上所含有的载体种类和数量与细胞含有的基因数目有关D. 垂体分泌的促甲状腺激素可以运输到身体的各个部分6. 在人体内，HIV与特异性抗体结合后产生沉淀，被吞噬细胞摄取后彻底水解可得到( )A. 多种氨基酸、4种核糖核苷酸B. 多种氨基酸、1种核糖、4种含氮碱基、磷酸C. 20种氨基酸、5种含氮碱基、2种五碳糖、磷酸D. 20种氨基酸、5种核苷酸、磷酸7. 将A、B两种物质混合，T1时加入酶C。

2020年上海市高行中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhile Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor（监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer'sLos Angelesapartment, the monitor inPhoenixtracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked remotely to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past？Or was she slowing down？In the battle against cheating, this is thecutting edgeand a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. This technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid — that students haven't searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of "open online courses". Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check students’ identities using personal information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.1. Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?A. To correct her typing mistakes.B. To find her secrets in the room.C. To keep her from dishonest deeds.D. To prevent her from slowing down.2. What does the underlined expression "cutting edge" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. sharpening toolB. advanced techniqueC. effective ruleD. dividing line3. How can some programs find out possiblecheaters?A. By scanning the Internet test questions.B. By checking the question answering speed.C. By producing a large number of questions.D. By giving difficult test questions.BSpain's tourism industry is looking to Chinese tourists for its high-endmarket, according to Rafael Cascales, president of the Spain-China Tourism Association (ATEC). “It is the kind of tourism that is not only interested in the sun, beach and the “all-included” culture. They enjoy culture, wine, history and nature, and the new Chinese tourists would also want to spend more money in Spain," said Cascales in a recent interview with Xinhua.“They are younger, more women travel and they are more cosmopolitan (见多识广的).They also travel on their own or in couples or in smaller groups. The old-fashioned large groups of visitors have not disappeared, but this new form of traveling is becoming more important,55he said.Speaking of the consumption pattern of the new kind of Chinese tourists, Cascales said, “The money they spend is distributed better because they will book one flight with one airline, the hotel with another company and the restaurant with another.” In his eyes, “Chinese tourists are very important because they combine two things: there are a large number of them and they spend more money than anyone else — almost four times more than tourists from other countries." They not only travel abroad in the summer months when Spain has to compete with the sun and beaches in countries such as Turkey and Egypt, but also travel in the off-peak seasons of a year, according to Cascales.In 2017, Spain is the second most popular tourist destination in the world, only after France. It attracted about 82 million visitors, 700,000 of them from China, a number which is estimated to rise to about 2.2 million by 2022.“We are ready; we have the infrastructure (基础设施) at every level, especially in hotel capacity. Here those visitors can find what they are looking for, including the luxury items which distinguish them,” Cascales noted.4. What are the features of the new Chinese tourists according to Cascales?A. They are cautious about spending money in Spain.B. They are likely to travel in smaller groups now.C. They are only interested in the sun and beach.D. They are mainly male visitors of middle age.5. What can we learn about the consumption pattern of new Chinese tourists?A. They will reserve flights and hotels with different companies.B. They will spend less money than tourists from other countries.C. They will travel abroad only during the off-peak seasons.D. They will spend the money in different cities.6. What is done to meet the demands of Chinese tourists?A. Local cultures in Spain are promoted.B. Well-furnished hotels are provided.C. Best and expensive items are offered for free.D. More shopping sites are constructed.7. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce the tourism industry of Spain.B. To show Spain's desire to attract Chinese tourists.C. To describe the features of Chinese tourists.D. To advertise Spain as a top tourist destination.CAs a basic food in the Asian diet，soybeans（大豆）have been used to make tofu and soy milk for hundreds of years．But now，they are also being turned into an alternative to plastic wrap．William Chen，a professor of foodscience and technology at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University，invented the environmentally﹣friendly food wrap．It's made of cellulose（纤维素），a form of fiber，obtained from the waste generated by soy bean product producers．The beans are pressed tosqueeze out juice that's used to make tofu and soy milk．And what's left is usually thrown away，but Chen takes the waste and puts it through a fermentation（发酵）process，during which cellulose is produced．Cellulose﹣based plastic wraps have been on the market for a few years，but Chen says that most are made from wood or corn，grown for that purpose．By contrast，his wrap is made from a waste product，which doesn't compete with other crops for land and is more sustainable．Chen's technology could help to solve two problems atonce：cutting plastic production and reducing the amount of food waste．"In Singapore，the amount of food waste generated every year could fill up 15，000 Olympic﹣sized swimming pools，" Chen says．F&N，a soy﹣based drinks producer，has partnered with Chen's lab and provides the product，straight from the factory．The company is conducting a study to assess whether the food wrap could complete commercially with conventional products．Chen adds，"The soy﹣based wrap costs almost nothing to makein the lab because the raw materials are free．Commercial production would involve additional expenses，such as storage and quality control，however，we have not calculated those costs yet．"Chen hopes neighboring soy﹣loving countries will be inspired bySingapore to adopt his innovation．"My dream is that our technology，which is cheap and simple，will cut plastic and food waste and create a cleaner environment，" Chen says．8. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The introduction to William Chen．B. The process of producing soy milk．C. The way to make soy﹣based wrap．D. The benefit of eating soy products．9. What's the biggest difference of Chen's wrap from other cellulose﹣based plastic wraps？A. It saves land for industry．B. It's more easilybroken down．C. It is made from the food waste．D. It has been put into practice for many years．10. What will commercial production of the food wrap cause？A. A lack of competitiveness．B. Poor quality of the wraps．C. A shortage of raw material．D. An increase in production costs．11. From which is the text probably taken？A. A personal diary．B. A travel guide．C. A book review．D. A scientific magazine．DGlobal food demand will double by 2050, according to a new projection, and the farming techniques used to meet that unprecedented(空前的) demand will significantly determine how severe the impact is on the environment, researchers said.The study researchers warned that meeting the demand for food would clear more land, increase nitrogen(氮) use and significantly add to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.“Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by2050 if current trends in global food production continue,” study researcher David Tilman, of theUniversityofMinnesota, said in a statement. “This would be a major problem, since global agriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.”The researchers studied various ways in which the increasing food demand could be mentioned. They found that the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach would be for more food producers to adopt the nitrogen-efficient “intensive” farming method, which involves the heavy use of labor and the production of more crops per acre.This approach was shown to be more effective than the “extensive” farming currently practiced by many poor nations, a method that includes clearing more new land to produce more food.Different farming methods produce significantly different yields, the researchers found — in 2005, the crop yields for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than what the poorest nations produced.According to their analysis of the effects of extensive farming, if poorer nations continue using this method, by 2050theywill have cleared an area larger than theUnited States, about 2.5 billion acres. However, if wealthy nations help poorer nations to improve food yields by incorporating(吸收) intensive farming practices, that number could be reduced to half a billion acres.The researchers stress that the environmental effects of meeting future food demand depend on how global agriculture expands and develops.“Our analyses show that we cansave most of the Earth’s remaining ecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves,” Tilman said.12. What is the best title of this passage?A. The World Will Need Double Food by 2050B. Man Will Face the Risk of Lacking Food in the FutureC. Future Farmers Hold Environment’s Fate in Their HandsD. Different Farming Methods Produce Significantly Different Yields13. The character of the extensive farming is ________.A. very cost-effectiveB. to produce more crops per acreC. at cost of more new land to produce more foodD. very environmentally friendly14. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. poorer nations mainly use the intensive farmingB. wealthy nations mainly use the extensive farmingC. the intensive farming needs less food producersD. the extensive farming has a worse effect on ecosystems15. According to the passage, the underlined word “they” in the 7th paragraph refers to “________”.A. poorer nationsB. the effects of extensive farmingC. wealthy nationsD.future food demand第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年上海市高行中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AYou’re becoming an adult; your friends are changing; school is more challenging; and your life has more ups and downs than it used to. These books are just for you.Say Goodbye to Stressby Dr Jeff BrownKindle Edition $11.79Paperback $16.95Many have trouble getting their stress (压力) under control and want help. This new book will encourage stressed-out readers with its stories from people like them about how they resolved or rethought the stress in their lives, learned to let go of anxiety and worry, and improved their lives by dealing with stress.Find Your Inner Strengthby Amy NewmarkKindle Edition $7.99Paperback $12.75This powerful collection of stories will inspire (激励) you and help you find the inner strength to do with the challenges in your own life. We are stronger than we think.... when we have to be. These brave. courageous people are the role models that show us all what is possible.Random Acts of Kindnessby Amy NewmarkKindle Edition $12.99Paperback $17.77Make miracles happen for yourself and others. It’s easy. Just think outside the box and look around. There are so many ways that you can help—and it turns out the biggest beneficiary (受益人) may be you! Scientific studies have shown that “doing good” is not only good for others but also for the person doing it, making that person happier and healthier.Be the Best You Can Beby Amy NewmarkKindle Edition $10. 99Paperback $15.67This collection shows kids positive role models to follow in its stories about making good choices, havingconfidence, and doing the right things. Parents and grandparents will enjoy discussing the stories with children, making it a family event.1.How will you feel after reading Say Goodbye to Stress?A.Anxious.B.Awkward.C.Relaxed.D.Confused.2.What is unique about Find Your Inner Strength?A.It is written by a well-known author.B.It is the cheapest of the four books.C.It has role models for kids to follow.D.It shows one how to do good deeds.3.Which book is suitable for one who has no confidence?A.Say Goodbye to StressB.Find Your Inner StrengthC.Random Acts of KindnessD.Be the Best You Can BeBInAsia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure (结构), they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’ (对手) kites or cut their strings (线).For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite-flying classes for the children on an island inHawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. Their kites are made of nylon (尼龙). Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite. The kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!4. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.5. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons?A. It has two strings.B. It is simple in design.C. It has a rainbow pattern.D. It is shaped like a diamond.6. According to Jonathan,what do you need to have fun with kites?A. A large kite.B. Any type of kite.C. A complex structure.D. A kite that impresses others.7. What is mainly described in the text?A. A kite factory.B. Kite-flying lessons.C. Special competitions.D. The kite-making process.CJapan's prime minister encouraged the decision to ban viewers, even family members, by issuing a state of emergency order in Tokyo earlier this month in response to rising COVID-19 case numbers.From the perspective of sports psychologists, an Olympics without fans is a real-life science experiment that is helping researchers and clinicians to comb through the true impact of a crowd of fans on its players—and on viewers at home. The strange circumstances under which the games are held may place unexpected pressure on some athletes. On Tuesday, superstar gymnast Simone Biles dropped out of the women's team event, telling teammates and reporters she wasn't in the right “headspace” to compete. “It's been really stressful this Olympic Games. There are a lot of different variables going into it,” Biles told the Washington Post.The 2020 Summer Olympics bears similarities and differences to other major sporting events without viewers. The English Premier League supplemented (增加) game broadcasts with crowd noise from the soccer video game FIFA 20, mixed with game audio in real time. A Taiwanese baseball team and German soccer team began populating stands with cardboard cutouts of fans, and the trend caught on internationally.Jamey Houle, the lead sports psychologist for Ohio State University Athletics and a former Al-American gymnast, says competitive athletes are trained in visualization— imagining performing a certain action or motion, such as doing a roundoff back handspring in gymnastics. Without moving a muscle, players using visualization can solidify neural (神经的) connections and activate their motor cortex (皮层). To visualize most effectively, Houle says, athletes working with sports psychologists will try to simulate as closely as possible the conditions of actualgameplay. Empty stadiums may thus have a measurable impact on players' performance. This phenomenon is grounded in a psychological concept called “social facilitation”, referring to a change in a person's performance that occurs when others are around compared to when a person is alone.8. What caused Biles to drop out of the women's team event?A. The poor physical condition.B. The absence of the audience.C. The fiercely competitive event.D. The influence of crowds of fans.9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. The Taiwanese baseball team is a success.B. The tendency mentioned is popular among some sporting events.C. The 2020 Summer Olympics is stricter in preventing the pandemic.D. The crowd noise plays a leading role in the English Premier League.10. How does Houle explain the impact of empty stadiums on players' performance?A. By doing a roundoff back handspring.B. By simulating the conditions of actual gameplay.C. By using the concept called social facilitation.D. By changing the viewers of a player.11. What message does the author mainly convey in the text?A. Athletes should be trained in visualization.B. Audience should be admitted to the Olympics.C. Social facilitation is helpful to sporting events.D. Viewers present may influence players' performance.DWhen Rich Jean wanted to help his daughter, Abigail, learn to read, he took her to the library near their home in Brooklyn, N. Y. That's where they met Hasina Islam, who Jean says arose her interest in reading and the library.“You see what you started? You see that spark that you put in this child?” Jean told Hasina Islam at aStoryCorpsconversation in 2016. At the time, Abigail was 7 and Islam was 27. Their friendship began when Abigail was 3. Through the years, Islam has offered book suggestions that Abigail has read with great enthusiasm. “What's cool is that Hasina has recommended a lot of books that I, at the time, thought might be a little too advanced for you," Jean told Abigail. “Like Charlie and the Chocolate Factory." Abigail said.Islam's own love of the library was sparked when she was in the third grade. She lived near the main branch of the Queens Public Library in New York City, and she went there to research Henry Hudson, an English explorer, for a school project."The librarian made me feel so special. She remembered my name, and my favorite thing was that she gaveme book recommendations," she said." When I was graduating from college, I thought about how I was going to make a difference in the world. And I remembered my librarian，and I remembered that feeling that she gave me every single time I went to the library. ”12. When might Abigail and Hasina Islam first meet?A. In 2012.B. In 2016.C. In 2018.D. In 2020.13. What do we know about Charlie and the Chocolate Factory from the text?A. It was Islam's favorite book.B. It might be hard for Abigail.C. It was a best seller at that time.D. It was important for Abigail.14. How did Hasina Islam help Abigail?A. By offering books to her.B. By reading together with her.C. By giving advice on books.D. By introducing great libraries.15. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Islam's special college life.B. Islam's working experiences.C Islam's living conditions. D. Islam's reasons for loving library.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市高行中学高三生物三模试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 电影《我不是药神》中涉及的慢性粒细胞白血病，是一种白细胞异常增多的恶性肿瘤。

其病因是9号染色体上的原癌基因（ABL）插入到22号染色体上的BCR基因内部，形成了BCR﹣ABL融合基因。

该融合基因的表达使酪氨酸激酶活化，导致细胞癌变。

患者服用靶向药物“格列卫”能有效控制病情。

下列叙述错误的是（）A.原癌基因主要负责调节细胞周期，控制细胞生长和分裂的进程B.患者骨髓中的造血干细胞增殖分化发生了异常C.造血干细胞分化为白细胞导致遗传信息的执行情况不同D.“格列卫”可能含酪氨酸激酶的抗体而起到靶向治疗的作用2. 假说一演绎法是现代科学研究中常用的方法，利用该方法，孟德尔发现了两个遗传规律。

下列关于孟德尔研究过程的分析正确的是（）A. 提出问题是建立在豌豆纯合亲本杂交和F1自交遗传实验的基础上B. 孟德尔所作假设的核心内容是“生物体能产生数量相等的雌雄配子”C. 假说能解释F1自交产生3∶1分离比的原因，所以假说成立D. 测交实验的后代中有30株高茎豌豆和34株矮茎豌豆属于演绎推理3. 下列关于无机盐和其他化合物对人体与动物机能影响的叙述,正确的是A.摄入过多过咸食物后,会引起细胞内液的量增加B.骨骼肌纤维内乳酸积累过多，会引起细胞体积增大C.发生局部炎症反应时的肿胀,是由于组织中的Na+浓度增加所致D.将蛙神经纤维置于适宜的溶液后再适当增加溶液的KCl浓度，其静息电位绝对值增大4. 下图为一个人类白化病遗传的家族系谱图。

6号和7号为同卵双生，即由同一个受精卵发育而成的两个个体，8号和9号为异卵双生，即由两个受精卵分别发育成的两个个体。

如果6号和9号个体结婚，则他们生出有病孩子的概率为（）A.1/2B.1/4C.1/6D.1/85. 小麦种子中含有丰富的水分和无机盐，下列说法正确的是（）A.晒干的小麦种子细胞内不含有水分，有利于种子长时间储存B.小麦种子萌发时细胞中自由水/结合水的比值较休眠时低C.点燃一粒小麦种子，烧尽后剩下的灰白色灰烬是种子里含有的无机盐D.小麦细胞中大多数无机盐以化合物的形式存在6. 下图所示为叶绿体中的某种结构及其上发生的物质和能量变化，有关叙述错误的是（）A. 光反应在类囊体薄膜上进行B. 图中∶上有光合色素C. 图中光能转变成了化学能D.[H]、O2和ATP都能用于暗反应7. 达尔文曾发现一种兰花具有细长的花矩，花矩顶端贮存的花蜜可为传粉昆虫提供食物，他断定一定有一种具有细长口器的昆虫可以从花矩中吸到花蜜。

2020届上海市高行中学高三英语三模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADo you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone’s life? If yes, don’t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you’ll make it!Position:Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals)Place:ManchesterHours:Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don’t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!Role:You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.Skills and Experience Required:You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you’ll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you.1.The text is meant to_________.A.carry an adB.send an invitationC.present a documentD.leave a note2.The volunteers’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities__________.A.to learn new living skillsB.to get some financial supportC.to properly protect themselvesD.to realize their own importance3.Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?A.The one who can drive a car.B.The one who can speak English fluently.C.The one who has relevant work experience.D.The one who has the patience to listen to others.BCigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out,an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.“I was ly surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends weresealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days ata time, especially in the heat.4. What do the researchers say about cigarette ends?A They contain little nicotine.B. They produce no nicotine five days later.C. They give off nicotine for days.D. They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.5. What do Poppendieck’s words suggest?A. First-hand smoking does most harm.B. The findings are within his expectation.C. Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.D. Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.6. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days?A. Unclear.B. Disapproving.C. Unconcerned.D. Puzzled.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful ChemicalsB. Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being SmokedC. Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ HarmD. Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the HeatCJerry Lawson had a love of science and invention from a very young age. And, with the support of his family and teachers, he took that love and helped change the world for billions of people, when he invented the modem video game cartridge.Both of Jerry's parents supported his love of science and invention. His father, a longshoreman, was a science fan and encouraged Jerry to always experiment with things. Jerry's first-grade teacher helped encourage him on his path to be someone influential similar to George Washington Carver, a great AfricanAmerican inventor. His first love in school was chemistry but he ended up liking electronics（电子学）even more.He earned an amateur ham radio license at age 13 and built his own radio station in his room, with an antenna hanging out of his window! Jerry earned money from fixing television sets, visiting people's homes for inhouse repair, and also working at local electronics stores. Jerry also made walkie-talkies and sold them to other kids. He spent many Saturdays at an electronics store that had all of the parts he needed for his inventions. He would use his small allowance and money he earned to buy parts to help fuel his inventions.When he was a young adult, Jerry joined Fairchild Semiconductor as an engineer. During this time, he created his own video arcade game（街机游戏），Demolition Derby, in his garage.A few years later, Jerry was asked to work on a secret project. Not even his boss was allowed to know what he was doing! What it turned out to be was that he was designing the Fairchild Channel F video gameconsole（游戏控制器）and leading the team that invented the video game cartridge. This was the first of its kind and enabled kids around the world to affordably play video games at home.Just like with automobiles，many advances have occurred since the inventionof video games. Video games are now one of the biggest forms of entertainment in the world. But all of this would not have been possible without the vision, passion, and skill of Jerry Lawson and his learn.8. How did Jerry earn money when he was a teenager?A. By running his radio station.B. By selling television sets.C. By repairing things for others.D. By making electronic parts.9. Before Jerry's secret project, playing video games at home was_____.A. expensiveB. harmfulC. commonD. tiring10. What does the author mainly tell us in the last paragraph?A. Jerry Lawson and his team can be more skillful.B. Jerry Lawson is important to the game industry.C.Many advances have taken place in the automobile industry.D. Video games are now the most popular form of entertainment.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. Video Gaming-An Important IndustryB. Game Console-Key to Home Video GamesC. Jerry Lawson-Father of Modern GamingD. Support and Encouragement-Necessary for SuccessDThe modern Olympics, which appeared in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, have become the world’s most important sporting competition. From the 8th century B. C. to the 4th century A. D., the the ancient Olympics were held every four years in Olympia in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in1896 inAthens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately every two years. The 2020 Summer Olympics, delayed one year because of the COVID-19, was held in Japan in 2021.The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a festival honoring Zeus. The Games were named for their location (位置) at Olympia, a place near the western coast in southern Greece. Their influence was so great that ancient historians began to measure time by the Olympic Games held every four years.After the Roman Empire conquered (征服) Greece in the mid-2nd century B.C., the Games continued, but their standards and quality dropped. For example from 67 A. D., the Emperor Nero entered an Olympic horse race, announcing himself the winner even after he fell off hishorse during the event. In 393 A. D., Emperor TheodosiusⅠended the ancient Olympic tradition.It was another 1,500 years before the Games rose again, largely thanks to the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) of France. Working hard at the development of physical education, the young man became inspired by the idea of creating a modern Olympic Games after visiting the ancient Olympic building. In November 1892, at a meeting of the Union des Sports Athlétiques in Paris, Coubertin suggested the idea of making the Olympics an international athletic competition held every four years. Two years later, he got the approval (批准) he needed to found the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ), which would become the governing body of the modern Olympic Games.12. What do we know about the modern Olympics?A. The modern Olympics became famous in the 18th century.B. The first Winter Olympics was held in 1994.C. The first modern Olympics dates back to 1896.D. The latest Winter Olympics will delay for two years.13. How often were the ancient Olympics held?A. Every year.B. Every other year.C. Every three years.D. Every four years.14. When did the ancient Olympics end?A. In 393 A. D.B. In 67 A. D.C. In the mid-2nd century B. C.D. About 1,500 years ago.15. What is the best title of the text?A. The ancient OlympicsB. The modern OlympicsC. The Olympics developed through yearsD. The Olympics are popular in modern time第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。