2018届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟练习(一)(解析版)

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。

2018年上海高考英语第一次模拟考试试题与答案（本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)（听力部分不计入总分）（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AA trip to Paris is not complete without a visit to the Eiffel Tower. To get the most out of your visit, read our tips below：Visit at NightRiding up the Eiffel Tower at night and looking out over the streets of Paris, you’ll see why Paris is known as the “City of Light”. At street level，the spotlights on the top of the Tower zoom across the Paris skyline, and the reflections of the Tower in the Seine are sights not to be missed.Purchase Your Ticket in Advance OnlineBypass the long ticket lines at the Eiffel Tower by purchasing your ticket online from the Eiffel Tower website. You’ll pic k a time to visit, and then select whether to print out the ticket or display it on your phone or iPad a convenient option if you buy your ticket in Paris without easy access to a printer.Don’t Bring Valuable Objects with YouBefore entering the Eiffel Tower, your bags will be examined by a security officer. If an item you are carrying sets off the metal detector, the officer will take you away from the line for further inspection. We’ve stood in line for hours behind people who missed their chance to go up the Eiffel Tower.Have Drinks and Snacks at the Eiffel TowerIf you’re like us，after an exciting trip to the Eiffel Tower，you’ll be ready to rest your legs and have a relaxing snack and a drink in a Parisian cafe. Across the Seine inthe Trocadero area, there are many elegant cafes. The atmosphere is great，but the prices are in the stratosphere. Actually, the perfect place for common visitors to eat and drink is on the Eiffel Tower itself.21. Why does the author suggest visiting the Tower at night?A. Because you can see the Seine as clear as possible.B. Because you can avoid the crowds and enjoy it peacefully.C. Because you can have a special sight of the city of Pairs.D. Because you can stand on the top of the Tower.22. What does the underlined word “Bypass” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Control.B. Avoid.C. Stand.D. Remember.23. Why did some people fail to go up the Eiffel Tower?A. Because they had a quarrel with the officer.B. Because they lost valuable objects.C. Because they set off the metal detector.D. Because they didn’t seize the ch ance.24. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The author recommends tourists have snacks at the Eiffel Tower.B. You spend more if you have snacks at the Tower.C. The author prefers to eat across the Seine.D. The Eiffel Tower provides expensive foods and drinks.BLike Indiana Jones (a fictional character),who undertakes daring adventures in his spare time,my father is a businessman by day and a thrill-seeker by night.His enthusiasm rubbed off on me,and I have been lucky to be his companion on many adventures.We started out by riding America's fastest,most twisted roller coasters.After that a whitewater rafting trip through the Grand Canyon（峡谷）on the Colorado River started our search for other extreme thrills across the globe.Amazing thrills awaited us at every corner of the world.Skydiving was especiallythrilling when performed from a helicopter over the breathtaking Swiss Alps.We have bungee jumped from the world's highest platform, Bloukrans Bridge in South Africa.Most recently,in Interlaken,Switzerland,we attempted canyoning（溪降运动）.Anyone who loves a challenging thrill should try canyoning.Our adventure began with a 90-foot rope down a canyon wall into a rushing ice-cold river.Then we crossed the bone-chilling water toward the mouth of the river,our final destination,where the reward for the journey would be a whole view of the beautiful Interlaken basin.We slid over slippery rocks at one moment,jumped from waterfalls and swam through underwater tunnels the next.Back and forth we alternated,climbing rope ladders before going back into the fresh mountain water.Certainly,clanger was waiting for us in each of these activities,but that very danger provided the rush.Canyoning was indeed one thrill after another,from beginning to end.While canyoning is possible only in certain places,thrills and adventure can be found anywhere.Our beginnings in the U.S. showed us just that.We continue to seek the big thrills,but in doing so,we have learned to seek lesser excitement in daily life as well.After all,we can't go canyoning every day,and small thrills are better than none for us thrill-seekers.25. What do we know about the author's father?A. He is a very successful bushinessman.B.He is doing a part-time job.C.He enjoys experiencing adventures.D. He likes Indiana Jones very much.26. What does the underlined phrase "rubbed off on" mean in paragraph 2?A. relate toB.affectC. keep offD.confuse27. What did the author and his father do when attempting canyoning?A. Jumped down from waterfalls and swam across the icy water.B. Jumped down a canyon river and crossed it.C.Climbed over a rope ladder and swam through underwater tunnels.D.Climbed down a canyon wall and swam across the rushing icy river.28. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?A. Small thrills in daily life are worth a try as well.B.We had better go abroad to experience canyoning.C. Canyoning is not suitable for everyone.D.America is the most proper place to experience adventures.CDo you have a business brain? Are you always looking for the next big idea? Maybe, like me, you might feel setting up a new company is something you might do when you’re older, when you have more experience. But that’s not always the case.While some of us may feel young adulthood is a time of uncertainly finding our place in the world, sleeping late and partying hard, others are already on a path to great business success. Take the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who started his company as a young university student at Harvard in the US. There are many other examples of young entrepreneurs (企业家) who have become hugely successful, proving that there’s no minimum age to becoming top dog.But to be the next business executive requires effort. You need to acquire a keen mind and good business intelligence and above all, you need enthusiasm. Starting a new business comes with an element of risk but if you are able to spot the next big idea, it’s probably worth giving it a try. Jessica Rose owns a jewelry making business and admits that “when I first started I had no business training but when I wok e up one day, I thought I’d really love to be a jewelry designer.” She went on to be a successful young entrepreneur.Being young and in business does have its drawbacks; you may worry you have nothing to bring to the table and that the people who work for you tend to be older and wiser. That’s what young British entrepreneur Suleman Sacranie found. He started his third business while studying chemistry at university. He says “now I’ve got two additional directors who have grey hair” but when they first sta rted he says he could tell they were thinking in the back of their heads, “I’ve got a kid sitting in front of me.”You may think setting up a new start-up is easier said than done. As well as ideas, you need financial backing and expert guidance. But if yo u’re studying hard at university and don’t have the desire to go into business and make your fortune, keep on studying – an education is priceless!29. At the very beginning, what’s the author’s attitude to the necessity of being agedand experienced in setting up a new company?A. Supportive.B. Impersonal.C. Negative.D. Critical.30. The author takes Jessica Rose for example in order to show that __________.A. it is easy to set up a new businessB. enthusiasm is more important than a keen mindC. business training is not necessaryD. doing business needs great effort31. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. Older directors shouldn’t be employed if you are young.B. Age plays an important role in setting up new business.C. If you don’t intend to set up business, just focus on your study.D. Education is more valuable than setting up a business.DAre you the type of person who has to plan everything? Doyou like to the surprised? Or are you the type who opens your birthday presents when you find them hidden in the closet?How do people determine the sex. why do people want to know. and what impact does it have on their pregnancy?While the potential risks of ultrasound(超声波)are thought to he lowest. it is not recommended simply to find out the sex of your baby. There is also the question of accuracy. Ultrasound is less accurate than genetic testing. Ultrasound is available to the majority of pregnant women. despite the warning against the routine use of ultrasound.Genetic testing is 99. 1 % accurate in determining the sex of your baby. However, genetic testing carries the risk of losing the pregnancy or harming the pregnancy. Amniocentesis(羊膜穿刺术)is usually said to have a 1%～2% loss rate and anadditional 1%～2% infection or problem rate. There have also been reports of disorder. Recent studies suggest that this problem is reduced if done after 10 weeks.Knowing the sex of your unborn baby can be for common reasons. such as decorating a baby room. or it can he for medical reasons, such as a sex-linked gene disorder.The impact of knowing the sex of your unborn baby can be anywhere front tiny things. such as decorating a nursery to high impact such as deciding to stop a pregnancy because of a sex-linked disorder. There is also the question of accuracy and bringing your new baby boy home to his pink room and closet full of dresses.There are ways of predicting the sex of your baby that are not as accurate, and should not be used for diagnostic(诊断的)purposes but are fun. Either way you go. whether or not you choose to know. the surprise will eventually be revealed at that magic moment when you hear."It's a…”32. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The condition of an unborn baby.B. The habit of planning everything.C. The labor to find hidden presents.D. The act of knowing the sex of an unborn baby.33. Compared with genetic testing. determining the sex of an unborn baby byultrasound is considered______A. less commonB. less accurateC. more riskyD. more useful34. What can we know about ultrasound from the text?A. It is the most dangerous for routine use.B. It shouldn't be used on pregnant women too often.C. It shouldn't be available to pregnant women at all.D. It shouldn't be used to determine the sex of an unborn baby.35. What，the text mainly about?A. Impacts on babies after testing them.B. Ways and benefits to know the sex of an unborn baby.C. Dangers of knowing the sex of an unborn baby.D. Techniques to change the sex of an unborn baby.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟）2017.12 考生注意：1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question youhave heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks toomuch. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have abirthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to growold.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B.The film is not worth seeing at all.C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D.The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terriblyhot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people loseweight.D. Light was stronger thismorning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10.A. She would rather invite more people to come.B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C.The family members always eat a lot.第 1 页 / 共 17 页微信公众号：上海试卷D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. She was born in a poor family.B.She worked as a doctor in her early life.C.She spent her whole life in London.D.She decided to help the poor when she was young.12.A. Because of the poor living conditions.B.Because she was sent to a settlement house.C.Because of her health problem.D.Because her family moved to another city.13.A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B.She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C.She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D.She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B.They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C.They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D.They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B.He is a huge fan of international stories.C.He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D.He is an advocate for environmental protection.18.A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts amongdifferent political parties.19.A. Based on what the public wants to know.B.By interviewing people who have stories.C.By analyzing the current social problems.第 2 页 / 共 17 页D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20.A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make thepassage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said theydiscovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’sOliveTrees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of itsFrench painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she foundit in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with themicroscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint,so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connec t it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of himbattling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got towalk back to his studio through the fields.What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ theinsect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied(26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached(27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of theinsect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surroundingpaint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on theartist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out withhis friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting tosee (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Eachword can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第 3 页 / 共 17 页Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could“reduce the risks of u sing cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal.A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nat ion’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”,which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s p opulation lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could n ot __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future ret urn, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food__(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the cont ext. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In otherwordsB. On thecontrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally ex perienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like thebook cover? After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutelydistraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours ofwriting before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,“Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58.W hat can be inferred from paragraph 5?A.The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B.The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C.The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D.The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59.B y saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the aut hor probably means that __________.A.he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB.he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC.he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD.he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)The tru th of our modern times is that you probably won’t find a student who does not use mobile applications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needs most, but there are still some mobile “helpers” no student should liv e without.Raise—Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raise mobile app.Beforeyou buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see if there are any discounted gift cardsyou can buy to make your dollar go farther. Once you purchase a card, you can instantly use itonline or in stores by showing the barcode on your phone —no need to worry about forgettingyour gift cards at home.iStudiez Pro—For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a full schedule, iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help you organize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best app for students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightful user experience.SelfControl—College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! They alwaysneed to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood with the world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControl application has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract you from studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture is finished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!Mint—It’s an easy-to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates on howmuch you’ve been spending. It also lets you know what you’ve been spending your money on by organizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after using the app for a while).LifeSite Vault—Parents struggle to make sure their college students have access to key personal documents and accounts, like Social Security numbers and bank account information.That’s where LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents “safe but accessible.” For example, with LifeSite Vault, users can upload everything f rom their Social Security cards to passports and birth certificates or upload a picture of a medical insurance card.60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61.If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself fromoverspending, he will probably need _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62.What is the main purpose of this passage?A.To help college students increase learning efficiency.B.To recommend some helpful applications to students.C.To compare different types of online learning tools.D.To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Li nnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All li ving things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63.The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A.demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB.introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC.criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD.illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s sy stem for classifying is no longer inuse.B.Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C.Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with littlemodifications.D.Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65.W hich of the following is TRUE about protists?A.They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B.They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C.They are limited to single-cell organisms.D.They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66.W hich of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Father of Modern TaxonomyB.Classifying OrganismsC.Development in Life FormsD.Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many say collecting toys creates a sense of accomplishment.B.This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.C.But scientists are probably just worrying too much.D.But this “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world anymore.E.At one point in our life, we all had and loved our own toys.F.Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan — a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.”(67)________________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adultsin the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself.These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evid ence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to ex press their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.” So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated inthe tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us。

【高考模拟】2018上海高考压轴卷英语Word版含解析绝密?启封前KS5U2018上海市高考压轴卷英语考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷(第1,12页)和第II卷(第13页)，全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. 2 liters. B. 13 liters. C. 26 liters. D. 52 liters.2. A. In an English class. B. In a swimming pool.C. On a bus.D. In a sporting goods store.3. A. By bus. B. By underground. C. By taxi. D. By car.4. A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Employer and Employee. D. Salesman and customer.5. A. Have a lesson. B. Take a test.C. See a film.D. Go to bed.6. A. Difficult. B. Memorable.C. Uninteresting.D. Worthwhile.7. A. She wants a bottle of juice. B. She’d like some alcohol.C. The red wine in this bar is perfect.D. The location of the bar is unknow n. 8. A. An excellent résumé. B. An entry form.C. A job offer.D. The position of system engineer.9. A. It’s famous. B. It’s professional.C. It’s expensive.D. It’s cheating.10. A. The 26-month-old baby is always busy watching videos.B. TV and vi deos may hurt a child’s language development.C. Nothing can replace parents in kids’ language development.D. Children usually watch TV too passively to learn something.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passageswill be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue.11. A. Encouraging. B. Dishonest. C. Interesting. D. Nervous. 12. A. How to start his own business. B. How to develop a real interest.C. How to speak to a woman bravely.D. How to balance his study and work. 13. A. He has too loose a schedule. B. He loves the feeling with students.C. He is dissatisfied with his current job.D. He wants to determine his future development.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Kids threw litter everywhere.B. The camp director gave rude orders.C. Some mysterious plastic litter was found.D. Kids’ joint efforts led to a clean camp.15. A. By taking pictures of litter he picked up.B. By sharing photos of the terribly dirty planet.C. By keeping a record of crowdsourced cleaning-up.D. By inspiring kids to pick up five pieces of litter every day. 16.A. There is strength in numbers.B. Birds can help to pick up litter.C. Litter is artistic and approachable.D. More straws should be used in the café.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage. 17. A. To enable students to reject violence.B. To help students face struggles more properly.C. To improve students’ health.D. To eliminate poverty more effectively.18. A. How to calm down by talking to experts.B. How to clear their mind throughout the day.C. How to make their teachers happy.D. How to respond to situations better.19. A. More students dropped out last year.B. There is less bad behavior on campus.C. Students are less responsible for their study.D. More students are willing to be sent to the office. 20. A. Its effect remains to be seen.B. Everyone can benefit from it.C. It helps to get rid of poverty to some extent.D. There is enough evidence to show its significance.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.On the morning of September 11, 2001, computer sales manager Michael Hingson , who is blind , thwent early to his office on the 78 floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting . As Michael worked , his guide dog , a Labrador retriever ___21____(name) Roselle, dozed by his feet.At 8:46 a.m, a tremendous boom rocked the building , eliciting screams throughout the floor . Michael grabbed Roselle , trusting that the dog ___22____(lead) out of the danger, and they navigated their way to a stairwell.―Forward,‖ Machael instructed , and they descended the first of1,463 steps to thelobby.___23____ about ten floors , the stairwell grew crowded andhot ,and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe. When a woman became crazy , yelling that they wouldn‘t make it. Roselle accompanied the woman ___24_____she finally petted the dog , calmed herself , and kept walking down the stairs.th Around the 30 floor, firefighters started passing Michael ontheir way up . Each one stopped to offer him assistance. He declined but let Roselle be petted, __25___ (provide) many of the firefighters with ____26___ would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about 45 minutes ,Michael and Roselle reached __27___booby ,and 15 minutes ater ,they emerged outside to a scene of chaos . Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as lthe South Tower began to collapse.Michael kept a tight grip on Roselle‘s harness , using voice and hand commands, as they ran to a street opposite the crumbling tower . The street bounced like a trampoline , and ―a deafening roar‖ like a hellish freight train filled the air. Hours later , Michael andRoselle made it home safely . At that moment , they thought they were___28____(lucky ) in the world.In 2004, Roselle developed a blood disorder , ___29___ prevented her from guiding and touring . She died in 2011.― I ___30___ (have) many other dogs ,‖ Mechael wrote , ―but there is only one Roselle.‖Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. catalogB. barelyC. freeD. self-consciousnessE. prospectsF. compulsoryG. droppedH. assignedI. certifiedJ. totallyK. transferFor thousands of commuting students, Chabot was our Columbia, Annapolis, even our Sorbonne, offering courses in physics, stenography, auto mechanics, ___31___ public accounting, foreign languages,journalism—name the art or science, the subject or trade, and it was probably in the ___32___. The college had a nursing program that churned out graduates, sports teams that funneled athletes to big-time programs, and parking for a few thousand cars—all ___33___, but for the effort and the cost of used textbooks.Classmates included veterans back from Vietnam, women of everymarital and maternal status returning to school, middle-aged men wanting to improve their employment ___34___ and paybacks. We could get our general education requirement out of the way at Chabot—credits we could ___35___ to a university—which made those two years an invaluable head start. I was able to go on to the California State University in Sacramento (at $95 a semester, just ___36___ affordable) and study no other subject but my major, theater arts. (After a year there I moved on, enrolling in a little thing called the School of Hard Knocks, a.k.a. Life.)―By some fluke of the punch-card computer era, I made Chabot‘sdean‘s list taking classes Iloved (oral interpretation), classes I hesitated (health, a requirement), classes I aced, and classes I ___37___ after the firsthour (astronomy, because it was all math). I nearly failed zoology,killing my fruit flies by neglect, but got lucky in an English course,―The College Reading Experience.‖ The books of Carlos Castaneda were incomprehensible to me (and still are), but my___38___ presentation on the analytic process called structural dynamics was hailed as clear andconcise, though I did nothing more than embellish the definition I had looked up in the dictionary.A public-speaking class was unforgettable for a couple of reasons. First, the assignments forced us to get over our ___39___. Second, another student was a stewardess, as flight attendants called themselves in the 70‘s. She was studying communications and was gorgeous. Shelived not far from me, and when my VW threw a rod and was in the shopfor a week, she offered me a lift to class. I rode shotgun that Monday-Wednesday-Friday, ___40___ tongue-tied. Communicating with her one-on-one was the antithesis of public speaking.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It‘s a high-risky, multibillion-dollar industry with tight deadlines, demanding customers and lives in danger.The business is 41 . And it‘s booming.The number of jobs for translators and interpreters doubled in the past 10 years while their wagessteadily 42 before, during and after the recession. During a period of stagnating (停滞的)wages across the labor market, the language-service industry withits 50,000 jobs is a 43 spotin the jobs outlook.Lillian Clementi is a French translator working in corporate communications from her home in Arlington, Massachusetts and isroutinely on tight deadlines to hand in translated material. ―The risks can be huge,‖ said Clementi, ―There‘s tons of 44 pressure.‖In some cases, a(n) 45 translation or interpretation is also vital. If a user‘s guide for medical eq uipment is not translated well, it could lead to 46 during an emergency. Soldiers in conflict areas require excellent interpreters to speak with community members. Any change of tone or context could put lives 47 .Translators‘ and interpreters‘ immunity (免疫力) to the nation‘s economic downturn also 48the growing demand for people who can speak several languages in an increasingly globalized economy, experts said.―Good translators who 49 a particular subject and become really good at it can really make six-digit figures annually,‖ said Jiri Stejskal, spokesman for the American Translators Association. Multinational corporations, U.S. demographic (人口的) changes and the Internet economy raisethe need for translated and localized information. Companies increasingly want their content 50to the tongue of the town, even between dialects of the same language. ―As more people 51 the worldwide economy, that‘s going todrive more commerce, and that‘s going to drive more language services,‖ said Bill Rivers, exec utive director of the National Council for Language and International Studies in the Washington region.52 , qualifications for translators and interpreters are not assimple as they may seem. Speaking two languages does not mean a person can work in the language-service industry, experts said. Learning how to translate or interpret is a 53 skill beyond knowing the language.Furthermore, the most successful translators and interpretersmaintain a 54 , such as legaldocuments, quarterly earnings reports or a special knowledge of industry. Technological advances may cut jobs in some industries, but online translation services like Google Translate 55 raise demand for human translators and interpreters, experts said. Online sales companies also drive demand for translation.41(A. tourism B. language C. technology D. economy42(A. shrank B. changed C. grew D. remained43(A. bright B. scenic C. historic D. tough44(A. money B. peer C. blood D. time45(A. proper B. quick C. direct D. innovative46(A. disease B. depression C. violence D. confusion47(A. in order B. at risk C. under control D. out of state48(A. highlights B. understands C. increases D. resists49(A. set up B. depend on C. specialize in D. object to50(A. limited B. accustomed C. related D. tailored51(A. agree with B. have access to C. are confident of D. insist on 52(A. Instead B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise53(A. separate B. genetic C. learnable D. worthwhile54(A. certificate B. diploma C. strategy D. specialty55(A. automatically B. respectively C. actually D. immediatelySection BDirection:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality(虚拟现实)device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of theparticipants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best." The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video fromeach camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind ofslow synchronised(同步的)movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviourafterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias(偏见)that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself inanother's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person. The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really niceway to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."56(The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting57(We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes58(In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character,______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them59(It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantly(B)Welcome to the British Museum, the grandest and the most spectacular of human history. The admission is free and we open every day from 10:00 to 15:30. You can explore 10 departments including:The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasThe collection of the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas includes around 350,000 objects. The scope of the collection is contemporary, and historical. It includes most of Africa, the Pacific and Australia, as well as the Americas. All of the collections were got during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and date from this time.The Department of AsiaThe Department of Asia covers the material and visual cultures of Asia – a vast geographical areaof Japan, Korea, China, Central Asia, Afghanistan, South Asia and South-East Asia. The collection dates from about 4000 BC, to the present day. It represents the cultures and ways of life of local people and other minority groups.The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresThe Department of Greek and Roman Empires features antiquities (古董). It has one of the mostcomprehensive collections of antiquities from the Classical world, with over 100,000 objects. These mostly range in date from the beginning of the Greek Bronze Age (about 3200BC) to the time of the Roman emperor Constantine in the fourth century AD.60. The scope of the Department of Africa, Oceania and Americas doesn‘t include______.A. AfricaB. AustraliaC. the South AmericaD. Britain61. The earliest collection is from ______.A. The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasB. The Department of AsiaC. The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresD. All of the above62. The Department of Asia represents ______.A. the geographic features of AsiaB. the relationships between Asian countriesC. the life styles and cultural traditions of some peoplesD. the cultural fights between some native groups(C)―Does my smile look big in this?‖ Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtlyadjust your reflection to make you look ? and hence feel ? happier, encouraging you to likewhat you see.That‘s the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleaguesat the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other word, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones ? that laughter comes beforehappiness, rather than the other way around ? is a well-established idea.The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face ? as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown (皱眉).Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited (招募) 21 volunteers and asked themto sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was complete the participants rated how they felt. When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers‘ emotional state wouldinfluence their preferences. Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smilingwere less likely. The system could be used to manipulateconsumers‘ impressions of products, say the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on.―It‘s certainly an interesting area,‖ says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. ―Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging,‖ he says.Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. ―You could argue that if it makes people happy what harm is it doing?‖ says Creed. ―But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated, uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.‖63(What‘s the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A. To see whether one‘s feeling can be unconsciously affected.B. To see whether one‘s facial expressions can be altered.C. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.D. To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.64(What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?A. It recorded the volunteers‘ performance in the task.B. It gave the volunteers a false image.C. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.D. It beauti fied the volunteers‘ appearance in the mirror.65(What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology?A. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.B. It only works in clothing stores.C. It only makes subtle changes to people‘s ex pressions.D. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.66(What does Creed‘s comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?A. Nothing is more important than happiness.B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.C. People should make their decisions independently.D. People should neglect the harm of the technology.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization . It‘s very likely that you‘ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization‘s activities . To do so , it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let‘s begin with the question of why people volunteer .___________67_______________Forexample , people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness , to expand their range of experiences , and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate . To select volunteers , you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so . Toincrease levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately , these programs can shift people‘s wish of participating from an internal factor(e.g.,‘I volunteer because it‘simportant to me‖) to an external factor(e.g., ? I volunteer because I‘m required to do so .‖) . When that happens people become lesslikely to volunteer in the future._________68______________ Once people begin to volunteer ,what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question , researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For instance , one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year . One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.____69______ the researchers note that attention should be given to ―training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide themwith strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.‖Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view ―volunteer‖ as an important social role.______70________ .Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as ―Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am .‖ ― Consistent with the researchers ― expectations, they found a positive correlation betw een the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results , once again , lead to concrete advice:‖ Once an individual begins volunteering ,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity -------- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contribution can help strengthen role identity.‖A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements and internal needs.B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a mustC. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be likely to continue volunteer work.D. Individual differences in role identity is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E. Although this result may not surprise you ,it leads to important practical advice.F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.Section DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.In the United States alone , over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phone are part of a a growing mountain ofelectronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster thantraditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver .A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste , the concentration (含氟) of gold and other precious metals was higher inSo-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals . Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed , the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries , in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more materials, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finishedproducts . Consider again the cell-phone , and imagine the mines that produced those metals , the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) itcame in . Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that ― th eproduction , distribution , and use of products ------as well as management of the resulting waste-----all result in greenhouse gas release.‖ Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start ---- for instance , buying reusable products and recyclingIn many countries the concept of the extended producerresponsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products , would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments‘ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money . Why , they ask , should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments‘ point of view , a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs。

2018届（2018学年）上海市高三英语一模——简答（长宁）“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Although this might be excellent advice in matters concerning family and friends, borrowing and lending are frequently the foundation of a booming economy.A loan is a sum of money borrowed for a limited period. A loan may be obtained from an individual or from an institution such as a bank and is generally granted at a specific rate of interest. Interest is the fee that the borrower pays to use the money. An extremely high rate of interest --- and certainly any amount more than law permits --- is called usury. Lending money can be a risky business, for there is always the possibility that the borrower may not be able to pay the loan. For this reason, a lender generally requires the borrower to register something valuable of his or hers, known as collateral (抵押), as a part of the loan agreement. A house or an automobile, investments in the stock market, even the value of a business, are all examples of collateral that a lender may be willing to accept in the event that the borrower fails to pay the loan.There are two major sorts of loans: consumer loans and commercial loans. A consumer loan is one that is made to an individual, and it may be to buy a house or an automobile or to finance an education. A commercial loan may be used to start a new business, pay for new equipment and staff, or expand an office or factory. The business of making loans also contributes to a healthy economy by enhancing the employment market. Loans allow consumers to buy and improve homes, creating jobs for carpenters, architects and etc. Loans enable businesses to expand, and when these businesses open a branch office or a new store, they also increase their consumption of office supplies, furnishings, and computers.In a booming economy, money circulates quickly, and each deal represents earnings for someone. It may be reasonable to say that a certain level of debt is normal, even necessary, to a healthy economy as long as the individual borrower or business is careful and try not to take on more than a manageable amount of debt.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.”is excellent advice for keeping good familyand friends while it is __________.82.What is the purpose of collateral in a loan agreement?83.Different from commercial loans, consumer loans may be used to __________.84.How can the individual borrower or business profit from a booming economy?81. not for building / developing a booming / fast-growing economy82. To prevent the borrower from not paying the loan. / …83. fulfill / achieve the purpose of personal development / …84. By being careful and avoiding being in too much debt / …（闸北）A son in many developing countries means insurance, who will inherit his father's property and help support the family. However, to parents, a daughter is just another expense. Her place is in the home, not in the world of men. A girl can't help but feel inferior when everything around her tells her that she is worth less than a boy. Her future is, to some extent, shaped as soon as her family limits her opportunities and treat her as second-rater, which explain why women in developing countries perform much worse than men both in study and career.Deep discrimination (歧视)against women creates a firm force that keeps girls from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them victims to severe physical and emotional harm. These “servants of the household" come to accept that li fe will never be any different. What's most harmful, it results not only in millions of individual tragedies, but also in the lost potential for the entire country. Studies show there is a direct link between a country's attitude toward women and its social and economic progress. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole.To deal with the situation, many women turn to education. Educated women are essential to ending sex discrimination, starting by reducing the poverty The most basic skills in literacy and Maths open up opportunities for better-paying jobs for women. Uneducated women in rural areas of Zambia, for instance, are twice as likely to live in poverty as those who have had eight or more years of education.Women who have had some schooling are more likely to get married later, survive childbirth, have fewer and healthier children, and make sure their own children complete school. Understanding the importance of hygiene (卫生）and nutrition, they are more likely to stay in physical wellness.Nevertheless, the comprehensive change for a society speaks for the more far-reaching meaning of women education. As women get the opportunity to go to school and obtain higher-level jobs, they gain status in their communities, which translates into the power to influence their families and societies. Such power may, together with other forces of outside interference, make even bigger changes possible and gradually lighten up women's fates in these countries.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What two facts make a woman achieve less than men in developing countries?82. The most severe result of discrimination against women is ________________________.83. Why are educated women in developing countries more likely to remain healthy?84. High social position at home helps women to have the ability to ________________________.81. Her family limiting her opportunities and treating her as second-rater.82. the lost potential for the entire country83. Because they understand the importance of hygiene and nutrition.84. influence their families and societies（杨浦）Pizza Hut lovers, you can now smell just like your favorite food. Pizza Hut launches its own perfume that smells like a fresh pizza pie. This is not a joke —although it started as one! While it might seem like an unusual venture for the brand famous for pizza, the company’s perfume is already available as a limited edition product. fuck myselfAccording to the Globe and Mail, the project started out as a joke by Grip Limited, an advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut in Canada, who asked the chain’s Facebook fans to imagine the pleasant smell of a fresh-delivered pie as a perfume — and to name it. Fans responded to the idea so enthusiastically that Grip Limited decided to take the joke a step further and make the perfume a reality.A month and a half later, to celebrate that Pizza Hut Canada had gotten 100,000 fans, the chain’s community managers an nounced that the first 100 people to message them would actually get a bottle of Pizza Hut perfume. And sure enough, the bottles were shipped to those 100 lucky fans before Christmas.Grip Limited isn’t the only company to attract attention with odd aroma s (芳香). Four years ago, Burger King offered a $4 meat-scented body spray for men. Before that in 2018, Stilton created a perfume meant to mimic (模拟) the scent of blue cheese.Pizza Hut Canada has not announced any plans to make more of the perfume in the future. But the chain also said in the release that it’s possible the perfume could appear in stores in the future.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Some people consider the perfume a joke because they think Pizza Hut is a_______________.82. _______________________________ pushed Grip Limited to turn the joke into reality.83. Who are the lucky birds to get the perfume?84. Why did Pizza Hut follow Burger King’s steps to release a perfume?81. famous brand for pizza82. The fans’ enthusiastic response to the project / idea / activity83. The first 100 people to message the Pizza Hut Canada84. To attract public attention（徐汇）If you need another reason to give thanks at the dinner table on Thanksgiving Day, how’s this: people who maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be happier and healthier than those who don’t, according to an instructive article this week in the Wall Street Journal.The WSJ’s Melinda Beck reports that adults who feel grateful have “more energy, more optimism, more social connections and more happiness than those who do not, according to studies conducted over the past decade. Now a new study conducted by researchers at Hofstra University — the results of which are set to be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies — finds similar benefits of gratitude for adolescents as well.Dr. Jeffrey J. Froh, assistant professor of psychology and lead researcher of the new study, surveyed 1,185 students aged from 14 to 19 and found that grateful students reported higher grades, more life satisfaction, better social integration and less envy and depression than their peers who were less thankful and more materialistic. Additionally, feelings of gratitude had a more powerful impact on the students’ lives overall than materialism.What the majority of the research suggests is that gratitude should be chronic （长期的）in order to make a lasting difference in well-being. Dr. Robert Emmons, professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and a pioneer in gratitude research, told the WSJ that in order to reap（收获）all of its benefits, feeling gratitude must be rooted into your personality, and you must frequently acknowledge and be thankful for the role other people play in your happiness: “The key is not to leave it on the Thanksgiving table,” he said.For older children and adults, one simple way to cultivate gratitude is to literally count your blessings. Keep a journal and regularly record whatever you are grateful for that day. Be specific. Listing “my friends, my school, my dog” day after day means that “gratitude tiredness” has set in, Dr. Froh says. Writing “my dog licked my face when I was sad” keeps it fresher. The real benefit comes in chan ging how you experience the world. Look for things to be grateful for, and you’ll start seeing them.Studies show that using negative, insulting words —even as you talk to yourself —can darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the article i n the Wall Street Journal, people who don’t maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be ______________.82. What are the major findings of the new study at Hofstra University about?83. According to the passage, how can people probably avoid “grat itude tiredness”?84. In order not to darken our moods, we’d better stop ________________.81. less happy and healthy82. Benefits of gratitude for adolescents. / Adolescents benefit from feeling gratitude.83. By regularly recording specific things they are grateful for.84. using negative, insulting words（松江）My wife and I recently completed a trip to China with China Highlights. It was a very memorable vacation. From start to finish, China Highlights was very helpful and supportive. The start of our trip began with an Internet search for a tour agency that would meet our needs and expectations. After reviewing and submitting questions to websites of many companies, we selected China Highlights. Our decision was based on the speed and content of their responses, along with the significant amount of support information provided both on their websites and in their emailed attachments. In addition, the proposed journey and price for a private tour including plane fares between cities and first class seats on a high speed train were strong incentives (激励) to select China Highlights. Their assistance and flexibility in finalizing the itinerary, with favorable payment terms, further convinced us that we made a good choice. We relied on his recommendations for several pre-departure and planning issues Up to the time of departure, Michael was always available to quickly response to our ongoing questions and ensured that we left fully prepared.From the time that we first arrived in Beijing and at every destination of the trip, the guide and the driver were at the airport / train station with signs for us. Conversely, as we left each city, they took care in getting us to the proper check-in area on time, with enough instructions for us to easily continue boarding THE transportation despite obvious communication issues since we did not speak Chinese. In hindsight, our concerns about travelling between locations were unnecessary. Similarly, travelling throughout the cities, as we visited each attraction, was very comfortable. The guides kept us informed of historical and local information. One suggestion would be to pre-identify any sites to visit and have them included in the final journey rather than try to change during the visit.The sights that we visited were most impressive. Obviously, the Great Wall, Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, and the Terra Cotta Soldiers were everything we expected. The guides were very knowledgeable, and helped us understand many aspects of these areas.After we returned home, China Highlights followed up to make sure that we were satisfied with our trip, and to get any feedback that we wanted to provide. They evenaddressed some minor issues that we cited. Overall, China Highlights went over and above our expectations.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What made the couple choose China Highlights during their visit to China?82. The overseas visitors were satisfied with China Highlights services except ___________________.83. During their visit, not only the sights but also ________________ made a great impression on them.84. How did China Highlights improve its quality of service after the visitors finished their journey?25.That China Highlights was very helpful and supportive.25.changing final journey during the visit.25.the knowledgeable and helpful guides and the driver25.It followed up to get any feedback / It addressed some minor issues that visitors cited（青浦）Oscar-winning director Ang Lee’s new epic “Life of Pi” r eveals the relationship between a teenage Indian boy and a Bengal tiger. But in reality, the predators（食肉动物）are under increasing threat from humans. Animal rights group PETA is hoping to use the popularity of the film to focus people’s attention on the re al life of Bengal tigers.With the rising demand for tiger parts from East Asia, illegal hunting remains a tremendous danger for the remaining cat population. Back in 1947, there were 40,000 tigers in India, but the number is experiencing a sharp decline to 1,718 despite campaigns to protect the animal.Rising man-animal conflict is also one of the leading causes of decline in tiger numbers. In one of numerous reported attacks on the endangered big cats, villagers near the Bangladesh-India border, armed with sticks and boat oars, set upon the animal suspected to have attacked a local fisherman and beat it to death earlier this month. So far this year, 58 tiger deaths have been reported in the country.“The first instinct when a tiger is spotted is to just kill it,” grieved Gurmeet Sapal, a wildlife filmmaker. “The feeling of fear and revenge is so strong that it shuts out any other emotion. What we don’t realize is that the tiger never attacks humans until it is forced to.”India has been struggling to stop the tiger's decline in the face of the loss of habitat as well that encourages the animals to leave the forest for food. “The tiger’s rapidly exhausted prey base causes the predator to go all out to get its food. Consequently, livestock and human beings become easy prey, which leads inevitably to conflict,” says a wildlife conservationist.Filmmaker Sapal says it is only normal for people to think of the tiger as a dangerous animal, but its image as a human killer bears some injustice. “Tigers never kill fo r sport nor store meat. They kill their prey only in case of hunger. ”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words)81. PETA hopes “Life of Pi” can __________________________________.82. Why did the villagers beat the tiger to death?83. As a result of the loss of habitat, __________________________________ are morelikely to be the big cat’s victims.84. When will tigers attack and kill people according to the article?81. focus people’s attention on the real li fe of Bengaltigers.82. Because it was suspected to have attacked a local fisherman83. livestock and human beings84. When (they are) hungry or attacked.（普陀）A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.The 968-page "final risk assessment," not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risks.But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of（谨慎的）food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.The report also acknowledges that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based assessmen t.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those issues.In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk. Instead, the expensive animals’replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born — will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.81. What conclusion has FDA drawn after the public waited for a long time?82. Foods from clones won’t be available soon partly because _________________.83. With the appearance of cloned farm animals, people care more about_________________ problems.84. How will foods from ordinary animals be labeled?81. FDA concluded foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are safe .82. the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk.83. human health, moral, religious and ethical84. They will be allowed to be labeled as not from clones.（浦东）We delight in the stories passed down to us by oldergenerations. Tales from the past reveal our loved ones’ truepersonalities that we didn’t know before and can unite familymembers. But they are still just small pieces from a lifetimeof experience, leaving a wealth of personal memories and stories that can go untold.A growing company, LifeBook, is helping people to ensure that the rich, personal histories of our loved ones can be captured in detail in elegant, well-crafted books that can be handed down through the generations. These individual autobiographies, professionally written and illustrated with photographs, hold a lifetime of memories and can form an everlasting family legacy.Linden, who commissioned(委托写) a book on her father from LifeBook, said, ‘It has been a wonderful thing, both for myself and my father. He was quite worried about it at first, but once it got going he established a very good relationship with Will, his interviewer, and I know they had lots of fun and laughs. He started looking forward to the meetings very much, someone showing interest in him outside the family.’Now, LifeBook is becoming increasingly popular as a gift, requested by sons and daughters who wish to preserve the memories of their older loved ones for future generations. The process of creating a LifeBook brings family members closer together as they learn more about the family’s past. And for the authors, LifeBook gives them a project to focus on. It also gives them the benefits of face-to-face companionship in the weekly interviews.For Linden, it was a highly positive experience, ‘I feel very happy because I have given my father this huge gift. It has made him happier and he’s got a newfound interest in life. He’s got more things to talk ab out and,I think, a sense of great pride.’‘Also it’s something he can hand down to futuregenerations. We’re all thrilled with the book, delighted—and I’m sure he’ll want to do volume two very soon.’(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. Tales from the past generations can not only ___________________.82. What does the company, LifeBook, do in those special books?83. Linden’s father started to look forward to the meetings with the interviewerbecause _________.84. Besides a project to focus on, what else can creating a LifeBook bring its author?81. reveal our loved ones’ true personalities but also unite family members82. It helps capture the rich, personal histories of our loved ones.83. someone was showing interest in him outside the family84. The benefits of face-to-face companionship.（闵行）At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in additionto money—the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.Unruly (不守规矩的) students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, excellent candidates for the teaching profession declined.Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s at titudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What are many teachers in the public schools of America complaining about?82. What is the consequence of the public school teachers’ leaving the profession?83. The changing status of women in the United States is one of the causes forwomen to ________________________.84. According to the last paragraph, the status of the teachers in the UnitedSates will _____________________ within years.81. low pay / being under-paid / not being well-paid82. causing some best students not to choose teaching profession / some best studentsdon’t choose teaching profession83. choose careers other than teaching / choose other careers instead of teaching84. not be changed / remain unchanged（静安）All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian (昼夜节奏的) rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud (提不起精神的状态) when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see. But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because ________________________________________.82. Children before puberty tend to __________________________________than adolescents.83. The author wants to tell the reader that_____________________________________.84. What did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?81. it has a cycle of 24 hours82. fall asleep earlier at night83. staying up late affects teenagers' ability to think and learn.84. The human eye had one light-sensing system.（金山）Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank which was helped to build by a UK organization because of the lack of clean drinking water. The tank has made a big difference; it gives water to over 800 People. But lately, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there will not be enough clean water to go round.There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400 km railway link, and about 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies? How will the workers be fed?The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment, Laos still falls well behind its neighbours. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are Available to those with satellite dishes.The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN's least-developed category by 2180.(Note: Answer the quesTlOns or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water?82. ____________________________ is the most serious limitation on Laos' economic growth.。

Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D. The mail is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C. The family members always eat a lot.D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B. She worked as a doctor in her early life.C. She spent her whole life in London.D. She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B. Because she was sent to a settlement house.C. Because of her health problem.D. Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B. She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C. She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D. She helped those had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B. They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C. They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D. They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B. He is a huge fan of international stories.C. He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D. He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B. By interviewing people who have stories.C. By analyzing the current social problems.D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators (管理员) dream of finding (21) ________ (hide) secrets in the masterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in o ne of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it (22) ________ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster th at she found it in the work’s l ower foreground. “(23) ________ (look) at the painting with the microscope, I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24) ________ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up wit h all these stories for (25) ________ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26) ________ (far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27) ________ (examine) the grasshopper fu rther. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28) ________ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for da ting purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29) ________ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30) ________ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released _(31)_ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent _(32)_ activities such as money laundering (洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also _(33)_ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid developmentof cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and _(34)_.Alibaba’s Hema store, w here customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods wit h cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply _(35)_ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also _(36)_ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishme nt of a “cashless society”, which caused _(37)_ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong _(38)_ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows，the _(39)_ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy _(40)_ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became _(41)_ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not _(42)_ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on _(43)_, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest th at the _(44)_ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have die unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases _(45)_ for time-saving products. “More _(46)_, we foundthat the mere exposure to fast fo od symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate _(47)_ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, K FC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what t hey were but the subliminal effect was _(48)_. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than _(49)_ versions after seeing the logos. When asked weather they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose _(50)_ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate _(51)_The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food _(52)_ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “_(53)_, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is t aking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is _(54)_ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no _(55)_ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D.marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harm Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors，I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation，I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and th en whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing，I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel a ny worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn’t know what else to say. Th e couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it，” she said hesitantly, “is be cause our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means ________.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably meansthat _________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide ________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he will probably need ________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To help college students increase learning efficiency.B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.C. To compare different types of online learning tools.D. To explain how to use some modem applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms (生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modem classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the gents (plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiari s, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modem taxonomy, a system of classifying nature basedon hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modem taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to ________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D. Modem taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protests?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. the Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.”（67) ________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2018, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged fi om puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century a r e channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68) ________According to Frederique Tutt, ail analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playfu l side of life,” Rob Willner，a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69) _________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymor e”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70) ________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane，collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but glowing up is optional.”Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it —and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene (干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past wit hout comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtfu l criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”）and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs w h en you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”）There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse,hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse (虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。

2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟）2017.12 考生注意：1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question youhave heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks toomuch. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have abirthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t w ant to growold.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B.The film is not worth seeing at all.C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D.The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terriblyhot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people loseweight.D. Light was stronger thismorning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10.A. She would rather invite more people to come.B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C.The family members always eat a lot.第 1 页 / 共 17 页微信公众号：上海试卷D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. She was born in a poor family.B.She worked as a doctor in her early life.C.She spent her whole life in London.D.She decided to help the poor when she was young.12.A. Because of the poor living conditions.B.Because she was sent to a settlement house.C.Because of her health problem.D.Because her family moved to another city.13.A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B.She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C.She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D.She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B.They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C.They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D.They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B.He is a huge fan of international stories.C.He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D.He is an advocate for environmental protection.18.A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts amongdifferent political parties.19.A. Based on what the public wants to know.B.By interviewing people who have stories.C.By analyzing the current social problems.第 2 页 / 共 17 页D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20.A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make thepassage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide)secrets in the masterpieces they look after. Rarely do theyexpect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in KansasCity said they discovered the dead insect in one of its starpaintings, Vincent van Gogh’s OliveTrees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of itsFrench painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she foundit in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the p ainting with themicroscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint,so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of himbattling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got towalk back to his studio through the fields.What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ theinsect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied(26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be u sed for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第 3 页 / 共 17 页A. concernsB.illegalC.circulation D. recommendedE. launchedF.conductingG. witnessing H.innovationI.emphasizedJ.regulations K. criticismsExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could“reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal.A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food__(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-effic ient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In otherwordsB. On thecontrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most in spiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like thebook cover? After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutelydistraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,“Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any wo rse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The cou ple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is becaus e our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58.W hat can be inferred from paragraph 5?A.The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B.The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C.The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D.The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59.B y saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that __________.A.he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB.he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC.he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD.he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)The truth of our mod ern times is that you probably won’t find a student who does not use mobile applications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needs most, but there are still some mobile “helpers” no student should live without.Raise —Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raise mobile app.Beforeyou buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see if there are any discounted gift cardsyou can buy to make your dollar go farther. Once you purchase a card, you can instantly use itonline or in stores by showing the barcode on your phone —no need to worry about forgettingyour gift cards at home.iStudiez Pro —For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a full schedule, iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help you organize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best app for students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightful user experience.SelfControl —College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! They alwaysneed to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood with the world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControl application has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract you from studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture is finished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!Mint —It’s an easy-to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates on howmuch you’ve been spending. It also lets you know what you’ve be en spending your money on by organizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after using the app for a while).LifeSite Vault —Parents struggle to make sure their college students have access to key personal documents and accounts, like Social Security numbers and bank account information.That’s where LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents “safe but accessible.” For example, with LifeSite Vault, users can upload everything from their SocialSecurity cards to passports and birth certificates or upload a picture of a medical insurance card.60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61.If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself fromoverspending, he will probably need _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62.What is the main purpose of this passage?A.To help college students increase learning efficiency.B.To recommend some helpful applications to students.C.To compare different types of online learning tools.D.To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hiera rchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63.The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A.demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB.introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC.criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD.illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.The hierarchical str ucture of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer inuse.B.Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C.Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with littlemodifications.D.Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65.W hich of the following is TRUE about protists?A.They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B.They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C.They are limited to single-cell organisms.D.They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66.W hich of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Father of Modern TaxonomyB.Classifying OrganismsC.Development in Life FormsD.Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many say collecting toys creates a sense of accomplishment.B.This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.C.But scientists are probably just worrying too much.D.But this “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world anymore.E.At one point in our life, we all had and loved our own toys.F.Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan — a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.”(67)________________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adultsin the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself.These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.” So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perh aps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated inthe tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers.We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our busin ess to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for。

2018-2019高中英语上海高三专题试卷联考模拟试卷一含答案考点及解析班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上一、单项选择1.________ all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post. (2011·陕西，19)A．Since B．WhileC．If D．As【答案】【解析】B解析句意为：尽管他们都是很有实力的求职者，但是只有一个人会被选中担任这一职位。

since因为，既然；while尽管；if如果；as因为。

根据句意选while。

二、完形填空2.第二部分：英语知识及运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

Rubber ducks are being used to help scientists understand global warming and melting glaciers. NASA researchers have 21 90 ducks into holes in Greenland's fastest moving glacier, the Jakobshavn Glacier between Greenland and Canada. The 22 have each been marked with the words "science experiment" along with an e-mail address. If they are found scientists will be able to 23 how the water moves through the ice and provide information about the 24 of glaciers. Scientists are still 25 about why glaciers speed up in summer and head towards the sea. One theory is that as the summer sun melts ice on top of the glacier's surface, the water moves to the bottom of the glacier, where it helps to 26 the movement of ice toward the coast. The Jakobshavn Glacier is believed to be the 27 of the iceberg that sank the Titanic in 1912. RobertJones, the experiment organizer, said none of the ducks had been 28 yet. "We haven't heard back but it may take some time until somebody actually finds it and decides to send usa/an 29 that they have found it," he said. "These are places that are 30 so there aren't people walking around."21. A. flown B. buried C. hidden D. dropped22. A. results B. toys C. glaciers D. scientists23. A. remember B. invent C. learn D. control24. A. development B. movement C. growth D. travels25. A. unsure B. excited C. concerned D. ignorant26. A. reduce B. control C. speed D. stop27. A. position B. source C. reason D. result28. A. hurt B. eaten C. missing D. reported29. A. email B. card C. fax D. sign30. A. hidden B. lost C. remote D. quiet【答案】21—25 DBCBA 26—30 CBDAC【解析】略三、阅读理解For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescent s’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrelsover unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.3.Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?A．Both can continue for generations.B．Both are about where to draw the line.C．Neither has any clear winner.D．Neither can be put to an end.4.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.5.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ______.A．give orders to the otherB．know more than the otherC．gain respect from the otherD．get the other to behave properly6.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A．Causes for the parent –teen conflicts.B．Examples of the parent –teen war.C．Solutions for the parent –teen problems.D．Future of the parent-teen relationship.【答案】3.B4.A5.C6.C【解析】试题分析：对许多父母来说，抚养孩子就像打一场持久战，但经过长年累月的战斗，依然分不出胜负。

2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2017.12 考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t w ant to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B.The film is not worth seeing at all.C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D.The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C.The family members always eat a lot.第 1 页 / 共 17 页微信公众号：上海试卷D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B.She worked as a doctor in her early life.C.She spent her whole life in London.D.She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B.Because she was sent to a settlement house.C.Because of her health problem.D.Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B.She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C.She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D.She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B.They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C.They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D.They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B.He is a huge fan of international stories.C.He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D.He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B.By interviewing people who have stories.C.By analyzing the current social problems.第 2 页 / 共 17 页D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said theydiscovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s OliveTrees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is t hat we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第3页/共17页A. concernsB. illegalC. circulationD. recommendedE. launchedF. conductingG. witnessing H. innovation I. emphasized J. regulations K. criticismsExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could“reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Al ibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash w ill soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s popul ation lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future ret urn, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it wassignificantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food__(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the cont ext. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally ex perienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover? After90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake upat 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,“Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At t hat moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58.What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A.The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B.The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C.The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D.The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59.By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the aut hor probably means that __________.A.he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB.he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC.he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD.he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)The truth of our modern times is that you probably won’t find a student who does not use mobile applications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needs mo st, but there are still some mobile “helpers” no student should live without.Raise —Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raise mobile app.Before you buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see if there are any discounted gift cards you can buy to make your dollar go farther. Once you purchase a card, you can instantly use it online or in stores by showing the barcode on your phone —no need to worry about forgetting your gift cards at home.iStudiez Pro —For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a full schedule, iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help you organize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best app for students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightful user experience.SelfControl —College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! They always need to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood with the world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControl application has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract you from studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture is finished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!Mint —It’s an easy-to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates on how much you’ve been spending. It also lets you know what you’ve been spending your money on by organizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after using the app for a while).LifeSite Vault —Parents struggle to make sure their college students have access to key personal documents and accounts, like Social Security numbers and bank account information.That’s where LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents “safe but accessible.” For example, with LifeSite Vault, users can upload everything from their SocialSecurity cards to passports and birth certificates or upload a picture of a medical insurance card.60.The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61.If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he willprobably need _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62.What is the main purpose of this passage?A.To help college students increase learning efficiency.B.To recommend some helpful applications to students.C.To compare different types of online learning tools.D.To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63.The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.A.demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB.introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC.criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD.illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B.Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C.Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D.Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65.Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A.They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B.They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C.They are limited to single-cell organisms.D.They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Father of Modern TaxonomyB.Classifying OrganismsC.Development in Life FormsD.Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many say collecting toys creates a sense of accomplishment.B.This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.C.But scientists are probably just worrying too much.D.But this “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world anymore.E.At one point in our life, we all had and loved our own toys.F.Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan — a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.” (67)________________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself.These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.” So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers.We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the chil d? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。

2018年上海中学高三英语模拟练习（一）Grammarand VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill ineach blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, useone word that best fits each blank.Today theStatue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It ___1___(tower) above of theharbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Manythousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspectthat getting the statue ___2___(build) was a long slow struggle. More than acentury ago, it ___3___(be) the celebration of freedom and the commemorationof the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor AugusteBartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue andpromoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem ___4___was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.Donations forthe building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875.Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets thatwould be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations werehelpful, ___5___ the cost of the statue kept riding. ___6___(face) with ashortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants inParis donated prizes, and tickets were sold. The lottery was a success, butmore money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniatureversions of the statue, ___7___ the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money hadbeen raised to complete the building of the statue.While theFrench had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, bylate 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 topromote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, t he idea of thestatue was difficult___8___(sell). some newspapers, most notably the New YorkTimes, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehementlyopposed ___9___(spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher JosephPulitzer, who had purchased a New Y ork City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pedestal. He mounted an energetic funddrive, promising to print the name of each donor, ___10___ small the donation,Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the countrybegan donating whatever they could.In August1885, that final $100,000 for the statue;s pedestal had been raised.Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year theStatue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erectedon top.【答案】1. towers2. built3. was4. as5. but6. Faced7. with8. to sell 9. spending10. however【解析】本文就是关于养宠物的好处，科学不能解释宠物的力量，但很多研究都表明有了宠物的陪伴(company of pets)，可以帮我们降低血压和恢复心脏功能，并且减少我们的孤独感。