2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语期中英语试卷

宝山中学2019届高三英语第一学期期中试卷I.Listening ComprehensionII.Grammar and VocabularySection AThere are many superstitions(迷信)in Britain,but one of___21___(widely)held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder,even if it means___22___(step)off the pavement into a busy street.If you___23___________ pass under a ladder,you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them___24___(cross)until you’ve seen a dog.Alternatively,you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe,and then wait for it to dry.Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house—it will___25___bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the household.Moreover,___26___opens an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular as it inevitably brings rain!The number13is said to be unlucky for some,and when the13th day of the month falls___27___a Friday, whoever wishes to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors.The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror,as it brings seven years of bad luck!The superstition is said___28___(originate)in ancient times,when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cat are generally considered lucky in Britain,___29___________they are often associated with witchcraft(巫术).It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path–although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally,a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood for luck.This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something___30___is tempting fate,such as“my car has never broken down,touch wood?”Section BBritish cuisine（烹饪）has developed quickly in recent years as chefs（厨师）combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a(n)___31___for being so bad?Because it is bad!Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants,Alfie's by KEE,but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past15years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England,"the English chef says,citing the___32___in British cuisine for better ingredients,preparation and cooking methods,and more ___33___presentation.Chefs such as Delia Smith,Nigel Slater,Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realize that cooking-and eating-didn't have to be a boring thing.“It’s no longer the case that the common man in England is___34___to show he knows about food,”Tomes says."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food,"Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement.The problems with the nation's cuisine can be___35___back to the Second World War.Before the War,much of Britain's food was___36___from other countries and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country,Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the1950s,technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food,"Tomes says."And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats,organic produce or beautiful___37___;they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on,and this___38___of quantity to quality was popular for decades,meaning ageneration was brought up with food that couldn't___39___with neighboring France,Italy,Belgium or Spain. Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable,it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after9p.m.But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的)scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to___40___the tastes of any international visitor.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AMolecular biologist（分子生物学家）Elizabeth Blackburn shared a Nobel Prize for her research on telomeres （端粒）--structures at the tips of chromosomes（染色体）that play a key role in cellular（细胞的）aging.___41___ she was frustrated that important health implications of her work weren’t reaching beyond academia.So long with psychologist Elissa Epel,she has published her findings in a new book___42___a general audience—laying out a scientific case that may give readers___43___to keep their new year’s resolutions to not smoke,eat well,sleep enough,exercise regularly,and___44___stress.The main message of“The Telomere Effect,”being___45___Tuesday,is that you have more control over your own aging than you may imagine.You can actually___46___your telomeres—and perhaps your life—by following sound health advice,the authors argue,based on a review of thousands of studies.“Telomeres listen to you,they listen to your___47___,they listen to your state of mind,”said Blackburn, president of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla,Calif.Telomeres sit at the end of strands of DNA,like the___48___caps on shoelaces.Stress from a rough lifestyle will shorten those caps,making it more likely that cells with___49___dividing and essentially die.Too many of these senescent cells accelerates___50___,the pair say.This doesn’t cause any particular disease, but research suggests that it hastens the time when whatever your genes have in store will occur—so if you’re vulnerable to heart disease,you’re more likely to get it younger if your telomeres are shorter,said Epel,director of the University of California,San Francisco’s Aging,Metabolism and Emotions Center.“We can provide a new level of specificity and tell people more precisely with clues___51___from telomere science,what exact___52___is related to long telomeres,what exact foods are related to long telomeres,what aspects of sleep are more related to long telomeres,”Epel added.Other researchers in the field praised Blackburn and Epel’s efforts to make telomere research relevant to the general public,___53___several warned that it risked___54___the science.“I think it’s a very difficult thing to prove conclusively”that___55___can affect telomere length and therefore lifespan,said Harvard geneticist and anti-aging researcher David Sinclair.“To get cause-effect in humans is impossible,so it’s based on associations.”41.A.And B.Furthermore C.Thus D.But42.A.referred to B.convinced of rmed of D.aimed at43.A.warning B.appealing C.motivation D.implicationy emphasis on B.cut down onC.add toD.contribute to45.A.ignored B.overlooked C.exposed D.published46.A.shorten B.lengthen C.simplify D.reduce47.A.messages B.attitudes C.instincts D.behaviors48.A.inevitable B.progressive C.protective D.influential49.A.neglect B.initiate C.cease D.maintain50.A.human health B.human security C.human aging D.mental stress51.A.suffering B.emerging C.suspending D.profiting52.A.illness B.exercise C.gene D.smoking53.A.so B.or C.though D.because54.A.overestimating B.over-viewing C.underestimating D.oversimplifying55.A.symptom bination C.lifestyle D.stabilitySection B（A）My six-year-old granddaughter,Cailyn,and I stopped at a Tim Horton’s shop for a blueberry cake.As we were going out of the door,a young teenage boy was coming in.This young man had no hair on sides of his head with a set of blue spiked（竖起的）hair on top of it.One of his nostrils(鼻孔)was pierced（扎、穿）,and a ring ran through the hole and a chain went across his face and was attached to a ring he was wearing in his ear.He held a skateboard under one arm and a basketball under the other. Caitlyn,who was walking ahead of me,stopped at once when she saw the teenager,I thought he’d scared her and she’d frozen on the spot.I was wrong.My granddaughter backed up against the door and opened it as wide as it would go.Now I was face to face with the young man.I stepped aside and let him pass.His response was a polite“Thank you very much”.On our way to the car,I praised Caitlyn for her manners in holding open the door for the young man.She didn’t seem to be troubled by his appearance,but I wanted to make sure.If a grandmother’s talk about freedom of self-expression and allowing people their differences was in order,I wanted to be ready.As it turned out,the person who needed the talk was me.The only thing Caitlyn noticed about the teenager was the fact that his arms were full.“He would have a hard time to open the door.”I saw the partially shaved head,the set of spiked hair,the piercing and the chain.She saw a person carrying something under each arm and heading toward a closed door.In the future,I hope to get down on her level and raise my sights.56.What did the author think of the young man?A.FrighteningB.UncommonC.PoliteD.Funny57.Caitlyn helped the young man because______.A.she was scaredB.it would be difficult for him to open the doorC.she wanted to avoid himD.she didn’t notice his look58.The underlined sentence suggests that_____.A.a talk of freedom was useless for the granddaughterB.the author didn’t know how to give a talk on freedomC.the author was ashamed of herselfD.people should have more freedom to express themselves59.The author intends to tell us that_____.A.we shouldn’t judge a person by his lookB.we should allow people more freedom to dress differentlyC.we should more helpful and tolerant to peopleD.we shouldn’t be too particular about people in life（B）Jenny’s Problem ClinicLeaving home?Almost all young people and their parents will one day to face facts—it’s time to leave and it’s time to let go.Julia Stark is18and wants to leave home,but her parents would prefer to stay at home for now.60.It can be learned from the passage that_____.A.Julia and her parents didn’t talk much about her future.B.Julia played video games a lot but it didn’t affect her study.C.Julia and her parents had no conflicts until a few months agoD.Julia’s parents didn’t want to sacrifice a lot financially for her61.Julia and her parents fail to agree on______.A.whether leaving home is an emotional issue at allB.whether she needs to apply for a better universityC.whether grades are more important than independenceD.whether she can support herself by taking a part-time job62.How did Julia’s parents feel the moment Julia told them she wanted to leave home?A.AngryB.RelievedC.ShockedD.Satisfied（C）How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems?One of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.In many ways,our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship.Unemployment does not have the same horrible consequences today as it did in the1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival,and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market.Increasing wealth,the rise of families with more than one wage earner,the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness.Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship.Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-earner,relatively well-off families.Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force,so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty.Low wages and repeated or long-time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support.Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times that unemployed in any month,those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment,even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer.For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals,there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work,or else outside the labor force but wanting a job.Finally,income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly,disabled,and dependent,neglecting the needs of the working poor,so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence,it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions,and,hence,whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered(抵消)by job creation and economic stimulus.There is only one area of agreement in this debate--that the existing poverty,employment,and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications,measuring the consequences of labor market problems.63.In Paragraph2,the author contrasts the1930’s with the present in order to show that____.A.more people were unemployed in the1930’sB.income level has increased since the1930’sC.social programs are more in need nowD.Unemployment is more intolerable today64.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.A majority of low-wage workers receive earnings from more than one jobB.Repetition of short-term unemployment mainly contributes to people’s loss of working capacityC.Many unemployed people are from families where other members are workingbor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted65.It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by__________.A.those doing a low-paid,part-time jobB.children in single-earner familiesC.workers who have just retiredD.full-time workers who become unemployed66.Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?A.What causes labor market problems that result in sufferingB.Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of povertyC.When poverty,employment,and earnings figures agree with each other.D.How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market-related sufferingSection C:A.Everyone is different,and levels of empathy differ from person to person.B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time,the researchers said.C.“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,”Freed says.D.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.E.Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of“emotional intelligence”that will help you succeed in many areas of life.F.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.Last year,researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy,the ability to understand other people,among college students had dropped sharply over the past10years.__67__Today,people spendmoretime alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed,a co-director of a teen program,has another explanation.Turn on the TV,and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting,competing,and generally treating one another withno respect.Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples.Humans are socially related by nature.___68__ _Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect.Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness,sadness,anxiety,and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader.In fact,Free says,many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.___69___“Academics are important.But if you don’t have emotional intelligence,you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,”she says. What’s the best way to up you EQ（情商）?For starters,let down your guard and really listen to others.___70__To really develop empathy,you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital,join a club or a team that has a diverse membership,have a“sharing circle”with your family,or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.Ⅳ.Summary WritingLifelong LearningLifelong learning is the concept that it’s never too soon or too late for learning,a philosophy that has taken root in a whole host of different organizations.Albert Einstein,the famous scientist,summed up his way of thinking when he said,“learning is not a product of schooling,but the lifelong attempt to acquire it.”Lifelong learning provides adults with learning opportunities at all ages and in various contexts,at work, at home and through leisure activities,not just through formal channels such as school and higher education. In recent years,participation in adult education has increased in most European countries.In Britain,for example, 44第6页/共8页percent of adults participated in adult education programmes in2004,compared with40percent in the year2000. Lifelong education is a form of teaching often carried out though distance learning or e-learning,continuing education,homeschooling or correspondence courses.It includes postgraduate programmes for those who want to improve their qualifications,bring their skills up to date or retrain for a new line of work.Internal corporate training has similar goals.One of the reasons why lifelong education has become important is the acceleration in the progress of science and technology.Despite the increased length of primary,secondary and university education,the knowledge and skills gained there are usually not sufficient for a professional career over three or four decader.As an American educator has said,“learning prepares us for change.”Most important lifelong learning is about an attitude---that you can and should be open to new ideas,decisions, skills or behaviors.Lifelong learning does not accept the saying“you can’t teach an old dog new tricks.”Ⅴ.Translation72.出国留学的过程中会出现各种问题。

高三年级第一学期期中考试英语知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）21. Be careful ______ you’ll make fewer mistakes.A. orB. asC. andD. but22. Magic shows are entertaining ______ the audience does not discover how the tricks are done.A. so thatB. as long asC. as ifD. ever since23. Anyone ______ boarding with knives would be stopped by security inspectors.A. being foundB. foundC. findingD. to find24. Dear friend, I ______on a train to Fudan University when you read this letter.A. will sitB. sitC. will be sittingD. have sat25. I showed the book to Tina ______ I borrowed from the public library.A. whenB. whoC. whichD. whose26. It depends on hard work more than luck ______ you can make your dream come true.A. whetherB. thatC. whatD. how27. I ______ a letter once a week to my family when I was in my first college year.A. writeB. was writingC. have writtenD. wrote28. Education has always been a hot topic among parents ______ it is directly related to the future oftheir children.A. asB. in caseC. unlessD. even though29. A growing trend in China now gives customers the options ______ the bill by scanning a QRcode or cash.A. payingB. paidC. having paidD. to pay30. Whenever I am struck down, I will always ask myself ____ I can turn that setback into good.A. whyB. howC. whatD. that31. Since Wolf Warrior II was on, it has earned 5.6 billion yuan, _____ a record for national movies.A. settingB. having setC. to setD. set32. The price on this packet is wrong. It _____ be $2.50, not $3.50.A. mustB. mayC. canD. should33. None of the things I ordered _____ . They’re three weeks late.A. have arrivedB. arrivedC. had arrivedD. arrive34. You have to stop eating _____ meals if you want to lose weight.A. amongB. withinC. betweenD. from35. —I am so nervous. I have a feeling that I am gonna be embarrassed in the interview.—If I were you, I _____ for it last night instead of watching movies.A. would prepareB. preparedC. had preparedD. would have prepared第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）The Person Who Influenced Me the MostI opened the box and took out the shining gold bracelet. "For me?" I could barely talk. "Yes, of course," said my Aunt Estelle. I really shouldn't have been 36 because she was like that, unexpected and golden.When I was younger, I knew that I could always go to my Aunt Estelle for comfort, advice and 37 . She was my best friend and my guardian angel. I could always be 38 with her and tell her anything that was on my mind. She alsoknew when I was trying to 39 something. Aunt Estelle gave me advice when it was sought and guided me 40 many difficulties.Last December, I was faced with one of the most difficult 41 I ever had to make in my life. She was dying of cancer and I was 42 to go to Israel for two weeks for a research project. 43 , I sought Aunt Estelle's advice but for the 44 time I didn't like her response. When I went to the hospital to visit her for what turned out to be the last time, she was waiting for me with a book about Israel on her bed and made it very clear that she 45 me to go—that it was her greatest wish for me to go—how could I 46 her. Aunt Estelle was the most unselfish person I ever knew and would not even consider my 47 about going. She called me 48 I left for Israel to tell me that she loved me and that she would always be with me.I went to Israel and had the time of my life. When I returned, my parents 49 me up. I told them I couldn't wait to tell Aunt Estelle about my journey. They became 50 and I knew before they said the words that she had died. Aunt Estelle's unselfishness was her greatest 51 .The gold bracelet she gave me for my sixteenth birthday was the one that I had always admired on her. Each time I look at it I am 52 of an even greater gift from my aunt, the gift of her 53 .Whenever I find myself becoming too self-centered and 54 the needs of those around me, I recall her selflessness and 55 to follow her example to make the needs of others a priority.36. A. annoyed B. puzzled C. surprised D. worried37. A. support B. fund C. knowledge D. pleasure38. A. careful B. content C. familiar D. honest39. A. avoid B. hide C. win D. control40. A. through B. with C. off D. over41. A. suggestions B. choices C. changes D. plans42. A. guided B. persuaded C. determined D. scheduled43. A. Suddenly B. Obviously C. Naturally D. Luckily44. A. first B. only C. next D. last45. A. ordered B. allowed C. expected D. inspired46. A. stop B. refuse C. blame D. surprise47. A. confusion B. thought C. project D. hesitation48. A. before B. until C. after D. since49. A. lifted B. picked C. cheered D. brought50. A. silent B. nervous C. relaxed D. shocked51. A. dream B. reward C. gift D. honor52. A. convinced B. reminded C. informed D. told53. A. interest B. patience C. love D. effort54. A. feeling B. discovering C. satisfying D. overlooking55. A. demand B. agree C. prefer D. attempt第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）AShe was walking home from work one evening when she got the idea. Rosa didn’t like her job at the factory, but it was better than no job at all. So, while she was trying not to think about work, she saw the pots in an alley. They were cheap plastic pots, but there were dozens of them piled up behind the flower shop. Such a waste, she thought. When the potswere still there three days later, Rosa went in and asked if she could take some. The flower shop lady said she didn’t mind, so Rosa carried home a tower of pots, pretending she was a circus performer on the way.At home, Rosa set them on the fire escape outside her tiny apartment. And there they sat. Once a gust of wind sent them slipping to the street three floors below, and she had to go to run after and catch them before the gathering storm.Every day, Rosa went to work and thought about her pots. She was waiting for something, but she had patience.At last, the newspaper brought good news. A hardware store had a sale on potting soil. Rosa carefully counted her money, then walked six blocks to the store. She bought six bags and carried them home. She bought seeds, too. Rosa slept well that night and dreamed of masses of flowers and fat, glowing fruits.Sundays were always good days. Rosa didn’t have to work on Sundays. But Rosa couldn’t remember when she had had such a good Sunday. She got up early and ate her breakfast on the fire escape with her pots. Then, she began to put dirt into the pots. She sang a little song until all six of her bags of soil were empty. Then, she laid her precious seed packets out and planned her garden. Tomatoes for the biggest pots, and peppers for the next-biggest ones. Flowers in all the rest.At the end of the day, Rosa sat in her garden and watched the sunset. Soon, she thought, there will be masses of flowers and fat, glowing fruits.36. Why did Rosa wait 3 days before she asked about the pots?A. She didn’t like the pots at first.B. She had been waiting for a discount.C. She had no idea how to make use of them.D. She needed to make sure they were unwanted.37. What can we learn about Rosa?A. She was a workaholic.B. She liked taking walks.C. She was poor.D. She liked the sunset.38. How did Rosa feel when planting her garden?A. Hopeful.B. Proud.C. Anxious.D. Lonely.BPrinker: Color Your WayTattoos always look so cool, but actually getting one is quite a commitment. After all, apart from using expensive laser removal therapy, they stay on your skin forever.The Prinker is here to change the game. It is a device(设备) that lets you create or print any image or temporary tattoos within a matter of seconds. It is connected to your smartphone and you can select a bunch of preloaded tattoos available in the app.This device was exhibited at The International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this year. It is manufactured by a Korean startup company called “SketchOn”.You can sketch your ideas out on your skin with this portable device that is almost twice the size of a computer mouse. This is a nice way to support your team in the match by printing its logo or design onto your skin. You can also share your tattoo designs with others through the app. It is also a fun and creative toy for kids to play with.In order to print the design, all you need to do is select or draw a design on your mobile and then press and rub the base of the device against your skin and you are done. These designs and images are water resistant but can be washed off with soap water. The ink of the Prinker is non-toxic and is made only from certified cosmetic ingredients. Each cartridge (墨盒) contains enough ink for about 1,500 tattoos, or as J. R. Smith would call it, “a good start.”The Prinker is developed by a small team of five members. The company is planning to launch the device in China and then in the United States. The device is currently commercializing in Korea as a rental device. The agencies and organizations pay $150 for a day to use it in their events or marketing.The current version of Prinker is aimed towards business users (think festivals, carnivals, sports events, promotion campaigns). But the company is working on a home version, and hopes to have it available to buy before the end of 2018.SketchOn estimates the personal model will retail at $200. The company is currently seeking to partner with international agencies for distribution opportunities.Although Prinker is currently aimed towards novelty and creative purposes, its technologies could eventually be adapted for use by professional tattoo artists or medical professionals who provide tattoos for patients, such as after a breast cancer operation or skin graft.59. According to the passage, tattoos by Prinker .A. can stay permanentlyB. are convenient to printC. can draw more attentionD. are expensive to remove60. What can we learn from the passage?A. Prinker can be used to create any image in a short timeB. Prinker is preloaded with many tattoo designs insideC. Prinker is available for kids in their daily activities.D. Prinker has been adapted for professional use.61. Where can we probably use Prinker at present?A. At a company annual meeting.B. At a surgical ward in the hospital.C. At a family gathering at home.D. At a professional tattoo shop..62. The passage is intended to .A. persuade people to buy PrinkerB. promote various methods of getting tattoosC. introduce a new tattoo printing device to readersD. search for business partners for further expansionCA large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?Avoiding temptation(诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the “out of sight, out of mind” principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower—at least to a point.Willpower may also be made less vulnerable(脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place. Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year’s Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don’t try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all.Many questions about the nature of self-control remain to be answered by further research. Yet it seems likely that with clear goals, good self-monitoring and a little practice, you can train your willpower to stay strong in the face of temptation.63. From the studies in the passage we learn that ______.A. people have unlimited self-controlB. high motivation ensures one’s succe ssC. willpower is hardly completely exhaustedD. too many temptations often lead to failure64. The underlined phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.A. make use ofB. run out ofC. buildD. increase65. The author compares self-control to muscles ______.A. to prove the long-term effects of willpowerB. to show the significance of regular exerciseC. to argue that self-control can be easily used upD. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control66. To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?A. “I will give up dessert and do exercise.”B. “I will set three goals this new semester.”C. “I will keep myself from any temptation.”D. “I will read an English novel every month.”DThe aggressive spread of market economics and communication technologies—often under the control of Western multinational companies—brings new challenges to local cultures and values in non-Western societies. Sometimes it seems as if a tidal wave of the worst Western culture is creeping across the globe like a giant strawberry milkshake spill out and over the planet, with a flavor that is distinctly sweet, sickly and apparently homogeneous(同质的).For some, especially the young, change may mean escape from oppressive traditions. It may also bring new opportunities for cultures to be combined in creative ways. However, there is genuine cause for concern about the rate at which cultures are being worn away in such a globalized world.Perhaps by far the most important far-reaching effect of cultural globalization is the commercialization of culture, which has a disturbing impact on local people’s existing values. They are increasingly bombarded wi th new images, new music, new clothes and new values. The familiar and old are to be abandoned. While there was cultural change long before globalization, there is a danger that much will be lost simply because it is not valued by global markets. In West Africa for example, traditional values have been overtaken by Coca-Cola culture which the local people don't yet have the values to deal with successfully.Another common aspect of the globalized culture is that it pursues(追求) the same "one size fits all" American ideal. The result of this cultural process of homogenization is that a large section of the world's population dreams of living like Cosby & Co. or like the characters in any other stereotype American soap opera. In addition, the dream of living a better life causes thousands of people to move to already overcrowded cities whose population has boomed by millions within the last decades. The majority of these new immigrants end up in slums leading to poverty, pollution and misery.Such gradual aggression against people's existing values and cultures has a destructive impact on their sense of who they are, what they want and what they respect. It attacks spiritual values and faith traditions. The accumulative(累积的) effect in non-Western societies is a crisis of cultural confidence, combined with the increased economic uncertainty and crime which global integration(一体化) may bring. This creates real problems for social stability, whether it is at the level of nation, community or family.In conclusion, cultural globalization, or worldwide McDonaldization, destroys diversity and displaces the opportunity to sustain decent life through a mixture of many different cultures. It is more a consequence of power concentration in the global media and manufacturing companies than the people's own wish to abandon their cultural identity and diversity.67. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that _________.A. non-Western societies willingly accept economic globalizationB. Western culture unites the world's economies and technologiesC. the booming of Western culture destroys non-Western societiesD. despite its appeal, westernization shows an unpleasant uniformity68. Which best serves as an example of the “one size fits all” principle in non-Western nations?A. McDonald receives more criticism abroad than at home.B. Many Africans dream of a middle class American lifestyle.C. Chinese food wins great approval in the United Kingdom.D. Some western young people fancy a visit to African countries.69. What is the writer’s attitude towards cultural globalization?A. Cautious.B. Critical.C. Positive.D. Neutral.70. The passage is mainly about ______.A. cultural diversity in globalizationB. challenges to non-Western culturesC. drawbacks of cultural globalizationD. disappearance of non-Western cultures第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）If you were like most kids, your mother told you there were three no-no’s when it came to your fingers: Don’t put them in an electrical outlet, don’t stick them up your nose (at least not in public), and don’t use them when you are counting. 71 But experts in education and cognition now believe that using your fingers to do math is not only a perfectly good idea but may even help children become superior students.It certainly makes sense. When children count on their fingers, they take an abstract concept—mathematics—and translate it into the most basic and visual form. 72 Even when we aren’t actually counting on them, they still can help us on math problem.73 It activates when we respond to heat, pressure, pain, or the use of a given finger. Studying brain scans, researchers discovered that when students aged 8 to 13 work on subtraction(减法) equations, this region “lights up” on the scans, even if the students aren’t using their fingers. The more complex the problem, the more activities are detected.The connection between finger use and math ability has been proved on old-fashioned math tests as well. With their eyes closed, first graders were asked to identify which of their fingers a researcher was touching. 74 When college students were given the same quiz, the highest scores once again performed best on calculation tests.So what does all this mean? For one thing, parents and teachers shouldn’t discourage children from counting on their fingers. 75 Me morizing the multiplication tables may help, but it is not the best option. “I would like to see interesting and creative representations of ideas.” says Jo Boaler, a professor of math education.Recently, a series of activities have been designed to stre ngthen students’ perception of their fingers. Maybe in the near future, there will be only two no-no’s regarding the use of fingers.A. The first two laws of fingers are as true as ever.B. There is a section of the brain, called the somatosensory finger area.C. Researchers also stress that students simply learn better using visual tools.D. Researchers are unimpressed by those students who finish quickly as well.E. In fact, experts believe the brain is able to “see” a representation of our fingers.F. That may sound simplistic, but the researchers offer an interesting explanation.G. Researchers found those scoring highest on the finger-ID questions scored higher on a math test.第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文学很感兴趣，并请你向他推荐一部优秀的中国文学作品。

杨浦区2018学年度第一学期高三期中考试英语学科试卷2018.11Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to fight gaming problemIf you’re a gamer constantly ___21___（glue）to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help. On June 18, the WHO officially listed“gaming disorder”___22___ a mental illness, like drug or gambling addiction.Video gaming is like a non-financial kind of gambling from a psychological point of view. Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score, ___23___ gamers use points.However, playing your favorite game every now and then is no reason to be worried. People need to understand this doesn’t mean every child who spends hours playing games ___24___（be）an addict, otherwise doctors ___25___（flood）with requests for help.But according to the WHO, ___26___ you lose control over your gaming habits and put gaming above everything else in life, you should be prepared to face serious problems. According to a study published by China Youth Day in July, about one in five young Chinese play online video games for at least four to five hours per day.Thankfully, measures have been taken ___27___（address）the problem. In April, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.Other countries have also taken action. In 2011, South Korea passed a“shutdown law”to stop children under the age of 16 from playing video games between the hours of midnight and 6 am. Meanwhile, in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children ___28___ lets their parents control what games they can download and ___29___ ______ they can play them for. In the United States, the Entertainment Software Rating Board, a nonprofit organization, puts age restrictions on most games, ___30___（mean）the children under a certain age are unable to buy them.Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.College degrees still necessary?We’re often told that if we can’t graduate from university, we’re unlikely to land a good job. However, some big-name companies say that you don’t need a college degree to do well in life.According to a list released by job review platform Glassdoor in August, a total of 15 famous companies have ___31___ college degrees as a requirement for some of their jobs, including Apple, Google, IBM, and Starbucks.The phenomenon of requiring a college degree for a position that actually doesn’t need it is called degree inflation （膨胀），according to Forbes. About 6 million jobs in the US are potentially ___32___ to degree inflation, according to a report released by Harvard Business School in 2017.This is because many employers regard having a college degree as equal to ___33___ a variety of soft skills.“Especially at a time when recruiters（招聘人员）complain that workers lack ___34___ soft skills—the ability to solve problems, work in teams and communicate—college is seen as the place that develops such abilities,”Jeffrey J. Selingo, a professor of practice at Arizona State University, US, wrote on The Washington Post.However, for some companies, a college degree doesn’t ___35___ that an applicant is a good performer.“They did some research and they saw that the individual strengths and future ___36___ rather than the academic performance of those they hired were a greater ___37___ of success in working at the firm,”Larry Nash, EY’s US director of recruiting, told Fast Company. EY, a UK-based finance company, dropped the requirement for a college degree when seeking hires in the UK in 2015.Meanwhile, in many tech sector positions, ___38___courses and on-the-job experience are more meaningful than a college degree, Ginni Rometty, CEO of IBM, told Quartz.However, this doesn’t mean a college degree is completely useless. Indeed, a college degree is still considered when ___39___ a job candidate, but it“no longer acts as a ___40___ to getting a foot in the door,”Maggie Stilwell, a recruitment expert at EY, told HuffPost.For some companies recent college graduates are no better than people who learned the same skills by themselves. As Quartz put it,“What a person knows is more important than how they learned it.”Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This summer we said goodbye to unnecessary plastic waste. Starbucks committed to ___41___ plastic straws in all locations by 2020, IKEA banned all single-use plastics from its stores, and entire cities banned the use of plastic bags and straws. And now we have one more thing to add to our consciousness-raising list: People are starting to understand the ___42___ of contact lenses（隐形眼镜）.According to a new research out of the American Chemical Society, 20 percent of people who wear contact lenses throw them away in the toilet or sink. But as medical ___43___, contact lenses are specifically designed to be resistant in touch environments, and ___44___ they don’t biodegrade easily. Throwing contact lenses into toilet is particularly concerning because their size and ___45___ allow them to slip through filters（过滤器）meant to keep non-biological waste out of wastewater treatment plants.The study found that the chemical and mechanical processing at these treatment facilities were unable to ___46___ break down contact lenses, leaving them as part of the treated water. Post-treatment wastewater is typically spread on fields, where contact lenses can make their way into surface water and cause environmental damage.It may seem like a small thing, but with over 45 million contact ___47___ in the United States, all that plastic adds up. We are talking about 22 tons of contact lenses being improperly thrown away every year here, unnecessarily adding to the hundreds of thousands of tons of microplastics ___48___ in our oceans.So what is the right way to throw away contact lenses?It turns out that properly dealing with contact lenses is pretty ___49___. One option is to throw them in the garbage. While this will keep them out of our water ___50___, it sends them to landfill—which is not really any better. Unfortunately, you can’t just throw your contacts in the recycling bin and call it a day, either. Due to their size and packaging materials, recycling facilities typically cannot ___51___ contact lens processing, so they go to landfills. In order to actually be recycled, contact lenses need to be ___52___ at a specialty recycling facility.This doesn’t mean that all eco-conscious contact-wearers must stick to glasses, though. Fortunately, in an effort to ___53___ the waste produced by contact lenses and facilitate the recycling process, some eye care companies have started their own recycling ___54___. Through these programs, individuals can ship their used contacts to TerraCycle（a company that ___55___ in recycling the hard-to-recycle）for free.41. A. eliminating B. deleting C. producing D. saving42. A. role B. function C. impact D. efficiency43. A. terms B. devices C. tools D. equipment44. A. moreover B. nevertheless C. however D. therefore45. A. flexibility B. possibility C. capability D. similarity46. A. restrictedly B. respectively C. comparatively D. fully。

2018-2019学年高三第一学期英语期中考试卷第一部分听力（满分30分）第一节（共5个小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. When will the meeting be held?A. This afternoon.B. Tomorrow.C. Next week.2. What will Lucy do this afternoon?A. Go to see a movie.B. Work on an essay.C. Take a rest.3. What does the woman want the man to do?A. Speak louder.B. Apologize to her.C.Turn off the radio.4.How much will the man pay for the apples?A. $1.B. $5.C. $75.5. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The sign is not clear enough.B. The man wants to see the staff.C. The man is in the wrong place.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6. How long did Michael stay in China?A. Five days.B. One week.C. Two weeks.7. Where did Michael go last year?A. To Russia.B. To Norway .C. To India.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

杨浦区2018学年度第一学期高三期中考试英语学科试卷2018.11Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to fight gaming problemIf you’re a gamer constantly ___21___（glue）to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help. On June 18, the WHO officially listed“gaming disorder”___22___ a mental illness, like drug or gambling addiction.Video gaming is like a non-financial kind of gambling from a psychological point of view. Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score, ___23___ gamers use points.However, playing your favorite game every now and then is no reason to be worried. People need to understand this doesn’t mean every child who spends hours playing games ___24___（be）an addict, otherwise doctors ___25___（flood）with requests for help.But according to the WHO, ___26___ you lose control over your gaming habits and put gaming above everything else in life, you should be prepared to face serious problems. According to a study published by China Youth Day in July, about one in five young Chinese play online video games for at least four to five hours per day.Thankfully, measures have been taken ___27___（address）the problem. In April, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.Other countries have also taken action. In 2011, South Korea passed a“shutdown law”to stop children under the age of 16 from playing video games between the hours of midnight and 6 am. Meanwhile, in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children ___28___ lets their parents control what games they can download and ___29___ ______ they can play them for. In the United States, the Entertainment Software Rating Board, a nonprofit organization, puts age restrictions on most games, ___30___（mean）the children under a certain age are unable to buy them.Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.College degrees still necessary?We’re often told that if we can’t graduate from university, we’re unlikely to land a good job. However, some big-name companies say that you don’t need a college degree to do well in life.According to a list released by job review platform Glassdoor in August, a total of 15 famous companies have ___31___ college degrees as a requirement for some of their jobs, including Apple, Google, IBM, and Starbucks.The phenomenon of requiring a college degree for a position that actually doesn’t need it is called degree inflation （膨胀），according to Forbes. About 6 million jobs in the US are potentially ___32___ to degree inflation, according to a report released by Harvard Business School in 2017.This is because many employers regard having a college degree as equal to ___33___ a variety of soft skills.“Especially at a time when recruiters（招聘人员）complain that workers lack ___34___ soft skills—the ability to solve problems, work in teams and communicate—college is seen as the place that develops such abilities,”Jeffrey J. Selingo, a professor of practice at Arizona State University, US, wrote on The Washington Post.However, for some companies, a college degree doesn’t ___35___ that an applicant is a good performer.“They did some research and they saw that the individual strengths and future ___36___ rather than the academic performance of those they hired were a greater ___37___ of success in working at the firm,”Larry Nash, EY’s US director of recruiting, told Fast Company. EY, a UK-based finance company, dropped the requirement for a college degree when seeking hires in the UK in 2015.Meanwhile, in many tech sector positions, ___38___courses and on-the-job experience are more meaningful than a college degree, Ginni Rometty, CEO of IBM, told Quartz.However, this doesn’t mean a college degree is completely useless. Indeed, a college degree is still considered when ___39___ a job candidate, but it“no longer acts as a ___40___ to getting a foot in the door,”Maggie Stilwell, a recruitment expert at EY, told HuffPost.For some companies recent college graduates are no better than people who learned the same skills by themselves. As Quartz put it,“What a person knows is more important than how they learned it.”Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This summer we said goodbye to unnecessary plastic waste. Starbucks committed to ___41___ plastic straws in all locations by 2020, IKEA banned all single-use plastics from its stores, and entire cities banned the use of plastic bags and straws. And now we have one more thing to add to our consciousness-raising list: People are starting to understand the ___42___ of contact lenses（隐形眼镜）.According to a new research out of the American Chemical Society, 20 percent of people who wear contact lenses throw them away in the toilet or sink. But as medical ___43___, contact lenses are specifically designed to be resistant in touch environments, and ___44___ they don’t biodegrade easily. Throwing contact lenses into toilet is particularly concerning because their size and ___45___ allow them to slip through filters（过滤器）meant to keep non-biological waste out of wastewater treatment plants.The study found that the chemical and mechanical processing at these treatment facilities were unable to ___46___ break down contact lenses, leaving them as part of the treated water. Post-treatment wastewater is typically spread on fields, where contact lenses can make their way into surface water and cause environmental damage.It may seem like a small thing, but with over 45 million contact ___47___ in the United States, all that plastic adds up. We are talking about 22 tons of contact lenses being improperly thrown away every year here, unnecessarily adding to the hundreds of thousands of tons of microplastics ___48___ in our oceans.So what is the right way to throw away contact lenses?It turns out that properly dealing with contact lenses is pretty ___49___. One option is to throw them in the garbage. While this will keep them out of our water ___50___, it sends them to landfill—which is not really any better. Unfortunately, you can’t just throw your contacts in the recycling bin and call it a day, either. Due to their size and packaging materials, recycling facilities typically cannot ___51___ contact lens processing, so they go to landfills. In order to actually be recycled, contact lenses need to be ___52___ at a specialty recycling facility.This doesn’t mean that all eco-conscious contact-wearers must stick to glasses, though. Fortunately, in an effort to ___53___ the waste produced by contact lenses and facilitate the recycling process, some eye care companies have started their own recycling ___54___. Through these programs, individuals can ship their used contacts to TerraCycle（a company that ___55___ in recycling the hard-to-recycle）for free.41. A. eliminating B. deleting C. producing D. saving42. A. role B. function C. impact D. efficiency43. A. terms B. devices C. tools D. equipment44. A. moreover B. nevertheless C. however D. therefore45. A. flexibility B. possibility C. capability D. similarity46. A. restrictedly B. respectively C. comparatively D. fully47. A. designers B. manufacturers C. wearers D. destroyers48. A. floating B. following C. flashing D. flooding49. A. sensitive B. extensive C. concrete D. tricky50. A. systems B. resources C. sources D. energies51. A. control B. handle C. repair D. touch52. A. reversed B. processed C. fixed D. programmed53. A. analyze B. realize C. minimize D. maximize54. A. initiatives B. performances C. events D. conferences55. A. consists B. results C. participates D. specializesSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）School children around the world are being exposed on a daily basis to cigarette advertising and promotions by a tobacco industry that needs to recruit the young to maintain its vast profits.A major investigation in more than 22 countries across four continents by campaigners and experts has found cigarettes or promotions on display close to sweets, drinks or stationery in shops just outside schools, and often at the eye line of children.The campaign for Tobacco-Free kids analyzed reports since 2014 carried out by a range of public health groups, NGO and Johns Hopkins University.Marlboro cigarettes made by Philip Morris and British American Tobacco brands such as Pall Mall, Kent, Dunhill and Lucky Strike were being sold and promoted within 300 meters or closer to schools in nearly all the countries researchers examined in a series of studies.Brands made by Japan Tobacco and Imperial were seen near schools in a smaller number.In Peru, Guardian correspondents saw single sticks apparently for sale in corner shops near schools in flavors attractive to children. In Indonesia they saw banner ads above stalls near a primary school. In India, they saw single cigarettes and tiny packets of chewing tobacco for sale alongside sweets directly opposite school gates.Big Tobacco denies promoting its products to children; Philip Morris International（PMI）said it observes relevant regulations.“Preventing children from smoking is of the highest priority and we take very seriously our responsibility to ensure that we do not market to children anywhere in the world.”British American Tobacco（BAT）said：“Under-age smokers are not, and will never be, our target consumers…products and marketing should never appeal to, or engage under-age smokers. Across the world, we have very strict rules to ensure we do not have outdoor advertising within 100 meters of a school.”Japan Tobacco and Imperial did not respond to a request for comment.56. According to the passage, ____ is/are not included in what makes cigarette appealing to children.A. the flavored cigarettesB. the single affordable sticksC. the attractive packagingD. eye-catching position to display the product57. The writer tries to make the report convincing by ___.A. analyzing the reasons behind the phenomenonB. quoting exact words from relevant regulationsC. comparing the situations in different countriesD. listing facts collected by correspondents58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Companies use different policies to market to children in different countries.B. Both schools and parents are to blame for children’s smoking cigarettes.C. Japanese companies do not accept the accusation from the campaigners.D. There is a gap between tobacco companies’ statements and real situations.59. What’s the best title for the passage?A. What are the effects of cigarette on childrenB. How children are exposed to cigarette advertsC. Why children should be protected from cigaretteD. What we can do to help children against cigarette（B）60. Which of the following statements is FALSE about rural locations?A. Most of the registered businesses are based in rural areas.B. One fifth people interviewed have a desire to live in rural areas.C. Villages are more convenient and suitable for living than ever before.D. Villages usually have a safe, undisturbed but closely connected neighborhood.61. Mike is planning to invest in a village cottage（小别墅）and let it to tourists. He is most likely to choose thecottage on the _____.A. upper left cornerB. upper right cornerC. lower left cornerD. lower right corner62. Readers can most probably see the above information ____.A. in a textbookB. on a websiteC. in the newspaperD. in a TV program（C）Nearly three-quarters（73 percent）of US adults believe artificial intelligence will“eliminate more jobs than it creates,”according to a Gallup survey. But, the same survey found that less than a quarter（23 percent）of people were“worried”or“very worried”automation would affect them personally. Notably, these figures vary depending on education. For respondents with only a four-year college degree or less, 28 percent were worried about AI taking their job, for people with at least a bachelor degree, that figure was 15 percent.Will AI destroy jobs or create them? No one really knows. On the surface, these answers suggest ignorance, or short-sightedness, but they also reflect a deep divide among experts on what exactly the effects of new technology will have on the workplace. Studies trying to estimate job losses caused by advances in robotics and AI vary wildly.Historically, though, technology usually leads to a net gain in jobs, destroying some professions but creating new ones in the process. What’s different this time around, argue some economists and AI experts, is that machines are smarter than they were, and historical examples don’t offer a useful comparison.Considering these contradictory predictions, it’s no wonder that most Americans think automation is someone else’s problem. This isn’t ignorance, either. Even in high-risk industries like truck driving, there’s only so much automation can do. A computer can drive on a highway, yes, but it can’t repair a truck, unload its goods, argue with unhelpful warehouse managers, or even refill the gas tank. Not yet anyway.The findings from Gallup’s survey also show that the use of AI is already widespread in the US. Nearly 9 out of 10 Americans（85 percent）use at least one of six devices or services that use features of artificial intelligence. 84 percent of people use navigation（导航）apps like Waze, and 72 percent use streaming services like Netflix. 47 percent use digital assistants on their smartphones, and 22 percent use them on devices like Amazon’s Echo.AI is something integrated into products and jobs bit by bit. You might not think that Netflix’s predictions of what you want to watch next count as artificial intelligence（or that they’re even intelligent at all），but they’re helped the service steal viewers from traditional TV and cable companies by shaping the creation of shows like House of Cards. Measuring this sort of impact in economic surveys is understandably hard.Gallup’s survey helps illustrate AI is not some mysterious event that will change the world overnight at some point in the future. It’s something that is already happening. As Frank Newport, editor-in-chief of Gallup, told The New York Times：“Whether they know it or not, AI has moved into a big percent of Americans’ lives in one way or another already.”63. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The more education one receives, the more worried he is about job losses.B. The development of technology used to create more jobs than it eliminated.C. Most Americans are afraid that AI is becoming a threat to their current jobs.D. People ignore the divide among experts on the impact of AI on workplace.64. The underlined word“contradictory”is closest in meaning to ____.A. conflictingB. reasonableC. ridiculousD. objective65. Why is truck driving classified as a high-risk industry?A. Because truck drivers are more likely to get into accidents.B. Because truck drivers usually have to do a lot of manual labor.C. Because computers can take the place of the drivers to drive.D. Because trucks can be produced and repaired by computers.66. What can we learn from Gallup’s survey?A. AI will lead to more unemployment in the future.B. AI is gradually changing different aspects of our life.C. The hidden impact of AI on job losses is meansurable.D. All the TV viewers will turn to streaming services someday.Section CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Since ancient Greece, people have used zodiac signs（星座）to judge a person’s character traits. ___67___According to The Washington Post, a new study published in the journal Nature Human Behavior on Sept 17, could tell us something more about who we are. It identified four personality types: reserved, role models, average and self-centered.___68___ All these are related to the five main personality traits everyone’s believed to possess: extroversion （外向性），agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness.Researchers, with the aid of computer software found that self-centered people scored higher on extroversion, but lower than average on the other four traits.“These are people you don’t want to hang out with,”co-author William Revelle, professor of psychology, told the Daily Mail.Members of the reserved group were lacking in openness and extroversion, but were more agreeable and conscientious. ___69___People defined as role models scored well in most traits, but were weak in emotional stability.“These are people who are dependable and open to new ideas,”Luis Amaral, co-director of the Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems in the US, told Newsweek.“These are good people to be in charge of things. In fact, life is easier if you have more dealings with role models.”Apart from these three personality types, a totally new type was found: average. This type according to Science Daily, get average scores in all traits. Females are more likely than males to fall into this type.___70___ For example, role models are usually seniors, while the traits of the self-centered type mainly fall in teenage males.However,“certain aspects are changing,”Amaral told USA Today.“As people mature and grow, their personality also matures and grows. I think there is a positive message that people mature and they move to more desirable characteristics.”Ⅱ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that some portion of their self-esteem（自尊心）comes from the approval of others. This instinct is why the approval of peers, and the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives.Despite the most common associations with the term peer, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends do extremely well in academics may be obliged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence may even get a friend off drugs, or help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups, class projects, and even book clubs are examples of positive peer groups, that encourage people to better themselves.However, for certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction. In order to fit in, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Groups of children may join in bullying（欺凌）newcomers in school. Teens and young adults may feel obliged to use drugs or alcohol, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to resist the temptation to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to keep up with the Joneses.There is no question that some people are more easily affected by peer pressure than others. Being self-aware is at the root of managing this type of pressure.“Going with the flow,”is not always a bad thing, but as each individual is still responsible for the consequences, it is important to be a thinking participant in the decision.Ⅱ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 他一交试卷就意识到忘记写名字了。

2018年高三年级英语第一学期期中考试试卷I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and vocabularySection AOn the morning of September 11,2001, computer sales manager Michael Hingson, who is blind, went early to his office on the 78th floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting. As Michael worked, his guide dog, a Labrador retriever __21__ (name) Roselle, dozed by his feet.At 8:46 a.m., a tremendous boom rocked the building, eliciting screams throughout the floor. Michael grabbed Roselle, trusting that the dog __22__ (lead) him out of the danger, and they navigated their way to a stairwell.“Forward,” Michael instructed, and they descended the first of 1,463 steps to the lobby. __23__ about ten floors, the stairwell grew crowded and hot, and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe.When a woman became crazy, yelling that they wouldn’t make it. Roselle accompanied the woman __24__ she finally petted the dog, calmed herself, and kept walking down the stairs.Around the 30th floor, firefighters started passing Michael on their way up. Each one stopped to offer him assistance. He declined but let Roselle be petted, __25__ (provide) many of the firefighters with __26__ would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about 45 minutes, Michael and Roselle reached __27__ booby, and 15 minutes later, they emerged outside to a scene of chaos. Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as the South Tower began to collapse.Michael kept a t ight grip on Roselle’s harness, using voice and hand commands, as they ran to a street opposite the crumbling tower. The street bounced like a trampoline, and “a deafening roar” like a hellish freight train filled the air. Hours later, Michael and Roselle made it home safely. At that moment, they thought they were __28__ (lucky ) in the world.In the months that followed, Michael became a spokesperson for Guide Dogs for the Blind, the organization by which Roselle __29__ (train). Together, they spread their message about trust and teamwork.In 2004, Roselle developed a blood disorder, __30__ prevented her from guiding and touring. She died in 2011.“I’ve had many other dogs,” Michael wrote, “but there is only one Roselle.”Section BSmartphone Application Tracks Mental HealthMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some __31__, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to __32__mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to __33__ emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home. The smartphone app isn’t supposed to be a pocket __34__ though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and __35__ record of a service member’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for Telehealth and Technology where this smart phone app was created. He says this smartphone app will produce much more accurate results on the __36__ conditions of service members who have returned home. “Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient __37__ when trying to gather information about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,”Bosmajian said. ”Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be __38__. The best recordof an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic (受伤后的）stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(n) __39__ that can be observed by physicians and therapists.The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became __40__ on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app some time next year.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A: ClozeThough people have discussed the relationship between science and nature for many years, there is no consensual(统一的) explanation. While some view science as a powerful tool in __41__ nature’s source of power, others view it as a danger. One example is Barry Commoner’s article, Unraveling(解开) the DNA Myth, which explains the recent developments in DNA technology and expresses __42__.Another example is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, The Birthmark. It is a tale about a famous scientist, Aylmer, who seems to be unraveling nature’s deepest secrets one by one. Despite all of his __43__ a nd vast understanding of science, Aylmer is unable to direct that knowledge into __44__ free from nature’s grasp. He was unable to rid his wife of her birthmark and, in the end, killed her.Despite the different presentations of the concepts, though time separated the two men, both pieces express a similar view on the relationship between science and nature. Both pieces suggest that nature is __45__ and holds wonders, secrets, and powers that many scientists constantly dream about discovering. Although there is a gap of one hundred and sixty years, Commoner still shares and gives evidence to Hawthorne’s beliefs that there is a unique __46__ in nature that cannot be discovered or understood through science and that the __47__ to uncover nature’s secrets are __48__ and can lead to disaster. According to Commoner, nature’s universal power continues to prevent and control their discoveries. Commoner criticizes and __49__ doubt on the true power of science.As Commoner’s article suggests, nature only allows scie nce to have limited power and success. Both men believe that complete trust in science is __50__, however wonderful and groundbreaking some scientific discoveries are. Commoner believes that people only seem to focus on the few achievements, while avoiding and ignoring all of the laws. For example, “most clones exhibit developmental failure before or soon after birth”. By stressing all of the __51__ and shortcomings of science, he conveys the notion that nature’s secrets are well kept and far from being und erstood and __52__ by man. The government and private companies have invested billions of dollars in mapping the human genome, but we still have no __53__ for it. Such a discovery is useless, however interesting it might be.Commoner’s article clearly rep resents science as weak and useless, but more importantly, dangerous. It gives evidence to support the suggested dangers __54__ with science’s attempts to discover nature’s power. If the result is not __55__ dangerous, it can still have harmful side effects.41. A. building B. defining C. showing D. uncovering42. A. concerns B. views C. findings D. achievements43. A. interests B. ambitions C. discoveries D. thoughts44. A. preventing B. earning C. destroying D. breaking45. A. mysterious B. powerful C. fantastic D. special46. A. prosperity B. perfection C. improvement D. integrity47. A. beliefs B. experiences C. actions D. attempts48. A. disappointing B. meaningful C. useless D. significant49. A. throws B. expresses C. holds D. casts50. A. improper B. unbelievable C. dangerous D. unwise51. A. reforms B. failures C. experiments D. changes52. A. controlled B. digested C. shared D. applied53. A. question B. doubt C. hope D. use54. A. provided B. supplied C. associated D. compared55. A. directly B. especially C. definitely D. necessarilySection B(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to bui ld a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in n ature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.I f you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.56. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.57. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragraph 4) means the time when _________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods58. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes ________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen59. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Home Laundry Automatic Dryer ProductFull Two Year Warranty(保修)Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet(机箱)Warranty Provides for:FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust(生锈)60. According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if _______.A. shipped from a Canadian factorB. rented for home useC. repaired by the user himselfD. used in the U.S.A.61. According to Owner’s Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for ________.A. the loss of the sales receiptB. a servicer’s overtime workC. the product installationD. a mechanic’s transportation62. Which of the following is true according to the warranty?A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.(C)Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying o f “consumption” seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and 1m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved. In the run-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people to stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.63. The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.” means _______.A. every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or laterB. human beings can deal with problems caused by diseaseC. Tuberculosis becomes a serious infection diseaseD. people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently64. By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show _______.A. the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on TuberculosisB. the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of TuberculosisC. the officials didn’t pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the pastD. compared with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively65. Which of the following is best defines the word “upshot” (Para 5)?A. OutcomeB. UpholdC. AchievementD. Project66. Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?A. Forgive and forgetB. Forgotten, but not goneC. When the wound is healed, the pain is forgottenD. Every dog is brave at his own doorSection CAdolescents refer to boys and girls at high-school level-more specifically the second, third and forth years of high schools. In dealing with students at this level, we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at the difficult stage, generally called adolescence.Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally. They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams. __67__ They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their own emotions but hate to admit it. They are driven either by greater ambition,probably beyond their capability, or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or achieving objectives. __68__ They are willing to work, but they hate to work without obtaining the result they think they should obtain.Regarding school issues, although they seldom say so, they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs, but they need a good amount of guidance. They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it. But if it its intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm. As to personal beliefs, most of adolescents are trying to form political ideals and they have a tendency to be sometimes extremely idealistic, and at other times conventional, blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in. __69__ On the one hand they are too modest and on the other hand unreasonably boastful. They tend to be influenced more by a strong character than by great intelligence.__70__ Having a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people at this age is a task that falls both on educators and other people involved. It may also help the young go through this difficult and critical stage of life in a more constructive manner.IV. Summary WritingImagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device which uses satellites to find the user’s position. It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put it in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street.There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate. There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.V. Translation1. 只有你尊重了别人，你才有可能从别人那里得到同样的尊重。

2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语期中II. Grammar and VocabularySection BRecently, I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down. High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land. We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts (21)________ (fasten) because there might be a few bumps. Well, that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster (22)________ (pale) by comparison.The movement was so sudden (23)________ several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags.(24)________ you might guess, that’s not good thing to happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation.About twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane became very quiet. There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed. Every passenger simply held on for dear life… (25)________ one.A baby was having a good time! With each bump of the aircraft, he (26)________ let out a giggle of happiness. As I observed this, I realized that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety. He (27)________ thought about the past nor about the future. Those are (28)________ we grown-ups have learned from experience. He was enjoying the ride because he (29)________ (not teach) to fear it. (30)________ (understand) this, I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat, pretending I was really on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even managed to giggle once or twice, which is much to the chagrin of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.Section CPeople become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten. If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great __31__. You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. On the other hand, your stomach would __32__ at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat---the __33__ accepted practice in many northern countries. The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we __34__ to them all our lives.No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to __35__ snails with food. My friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are despised. As his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy __36__, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my __37__ plants. Acting on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert. Robert was delighted to see meand __38__ pleased with my little gift. I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours. I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. Snails would, of course, be the main dish. I did not __39__ the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room. To our dismay, we saw that there were snails everywhere: they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete __40__ of the hall!III. Reading ComprehensionSection ASign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are __41__ —a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and __42__ language, and throw new light on an old scientific __43__: whether language, __44__ with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a __45__ behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the __46__ work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something __47__; among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural __48__, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand __49__” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language? And could that language be __50__ any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people ____51_____ their signing as “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy – a belief contrary to what was generally accepted.It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a(n) __52__. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages __53__ English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of __54__. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff(素材)—it’s __55__ stuff.”41. A. unique B. neutral C. inexact D. vague42. A. varies B. applies C. interrelates D. understands43. A. argument B. definition C. conclusion D. statement44. A. familiar B. complete C. changeable D. comparative45. A. adopted B. inherited C. introduced D. learned46. A. pioneering B. concluding C. proceeding D. imitating47. A. casual B. odd C. witty D. tricky48. A. clue B. file C. code D. digit49. A. talk B. gossip C. clap D. shake50. A. characteristic of B. different from C. equal to D. worthy of51. A. contributed B. signified C. justified D. dismissed52. A. evolution B. procedure C. revolution D. presentation53. A. with B. among C. as D. like54. A. space B. rhythm C. volume D. rate55. A. culture B. brain C. muscle D. heartSection B(A)One picture in the Wonder Book of knowledge I had as a little boy showed a man reading a book while floating in the Dead Sea. What a miracle! How would it feel to lie back in water so thick with salt that it was impossible to sink?Fed by the Jordan River and smaller streams, the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth’s surface, and its water is ten times saltier than the Mediterranean. With evaporation its only outlet, salt and other minerals become super-concentrated.Earlier this year, I drove down the long, steep hill to realize my dream. The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was far out of sight. Had somebody pulled the Dead Sea’s plug? I wondered. Eli Dior, an Israeli official, explained the problem: “The Dead Sea is drying up. Every year, the surface drops about one meter, and as the water level falls, shadow areas are left high and dry.”Over the last half-century, the five neighboring countries have collectively diverted nearly all the water flowing into the Dead Sea to meet human and agriculture needs. Result: the Dead Sea is being emptied.With population in the region set to double at least in the next 50 years, there is little hope of restoring the water being diverted for human consumption. No country has a drop to spare for the Dead Sea, where they know it will just evaporate. To dream of opening the dams and restoring natural balance is plainly unrealistic.Yet one ambitious high-tech dream may turn out to be not only the salvation of the Dead Sea but also a ticket to peace around its shores. The “Red-Dead” is a proposed $5 billion project to bring sea water some 240 kilometers by pipeline and canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. The Red-Dead may be the only solution, but even if the project is carried out successfully, the Dead Sea will be 10 to 20 meters lower than now and two thirds of its current size.Whatever the future holds, the Dead Sea’s magical mix of sun, mud, sea and salt will surely survive. Many might complain that the Dead Sea is half empty—but for me the Dead sea will always be half full.56.What’s the passage mainly about?A. Dead Sea – miracle of the world.B. Save the environment of the Dead Sea.C. Slow shrinking of the Dead Sea.D. Why is the Dead Sea so salty.57.The shrinking of the Dead Sea is mainly caused by ________ according to the passage.A. a severe reduction of the water flowing into the seaB. rapid evaporation of the water in the Dead Sea areaC. the increasing quantity of water drawn from the seaD. very low annual rainfall in the Dead Sea Area58.Which of the following is right according to the passage?A. With no outlet to any ocean, the Dead Sea has become by evaporation most dense waters on earth.B. Though burdened with the growing population, the neighboring countries haven’t cut off the sources of the Dead Sea.C. All the countries in the area will consider diverting less water from the Jordan River.D. The Red-Dead Project has not only brought water to the Dead Sea, but peace to the area as well.59.Which of the following statements will the author approve of?A. If the Dead Sea dried up, great natural disasters would happen in the region.B. The Dead Sea will not survive no matter what people do to save it.C. The five neighboring countries should stop diverting water from the Jordan River.D. Though the Dead Sea is shrinking gradually, it will not die.(B)The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed.For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER)Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work.Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof.Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs.Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than £65 per year.Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.60.According to the passage, the thermostat is used to ________.A. make rooms quieterB. control room temperatureC. turn off the air conditionerD. reduce room air pollution61.We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages _________.A. planting leafy trees around your homeB. turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your houseC. keeping your south-facing windows open during the dayD. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs62.According to the passage, you can save fuel by _______.A. using energy-efficient ceiling fansB. sharing cars with others on workdaysC. turning off everything not in useD. reducing 10% of your car trips every year(C)Mental illness and disability were family problems for English people living between 1660 and 1800. Most women and men who suffered from mental illness were not institutionalized as this was the period before the extensive building of mental hospitals. Instead, they were housed at home, and cared for by other family members.Now a new study by Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.Much has been written about the insane themselves but few studies have considered mental illness from the perspective of the carers. The lifetime burden of caring for those individuals whose mental development did not progress beyond childhood, and who contemporaries labeled as ‘idiots’ or ‘fools’, has been little explored by historians. Foyster’s research, which has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, will carefully examine the emotional and economic consequences for families at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.By asking key questions about the impact of ‘care in the community’ in the 18th century, Foyster hopes that her research will bridge social and medical history. Specifically, she aims to provide an historical perspective for contemporary debates such as how resources can be stretched to provide for children with learning difficulties and an aging population.“The stresses and strains of family were worsened by high infant mortality and low life expectancy, and many individuals were pushed towards mental breakdown,” she explained. “Moreover, inherited conditions, senility(高龄)and what today would be described as ‘special needs’ could put great emotional demands on family members who had primary responsibility for their sick or disabled relatives.”The research will shed light upon how caring for the mentally ill and disabled raised difficult issues for families about the limits of intergenerational responsibility, and whether family ties were weakened or strengthened by the experience. The questions of how far shame was attached to having insanity or idiocy within a family, and at what point families began to seek outside help, will also be addressed.“The family must have seemed an inescapable feature of daily life between 1660 and 1800,” said Foyster. “Although there were those who were abandoned and rejected, for the majority, mental disability was accommodated within the family unit. I aim to get to the heart of what this really meant for people’s lives.”63.Which is NOT the reason why those mentally ill and disabled were not institutionalized from 1660 to 1800?A. Mental illness and disability were family problems then.B. The extensive building of mental hospitals didn’t start yet.C. They were abandoned by the government and the family.D. The family would be found guilty if they didn’t care for them.64.Why does Foyster want to carry out this study?A. Because it can provide some food for thought for some current social issues.B. Because the stresses and strains of family life have driven many people crazy.C. Because she’s looking for ways to communicate with the sick or disabled people.D. Because the limits of intergenerational responsibility in such families, interest her.65.Which question will NOT be studied in the research?A. How should resources today be stretched to provide for an aging population?B. How did caring for the sick and disabled affect the family’s earning power?C. How shameful did a family feel when their insane or disabled relatives were found out?D. At what point did those families have to begin to look for outside help?66.The passage is written in order to ________.A. reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relativesB. provide an historical perspective to contemporary debatesC. shed light upon whether family ties were weakened or strengthenedD. introduce a new historical study carried out by a Cambridge historianSection CBicycles, roller skates and skateboards are dangerous. And don’t get me started on walking. But I’m glad I didn’t spend my childhood trapped indoors to protect me from every bump and bruise. “That which does not kill us makes us stronger.” __67__ And now technology has become the new field for the age-old battle between adults and their freedom-craving kids.Locked indoors, unable to get on their bicycles and hang out with their friends, teens have turned to social media and their mobile phones to socialize with their peers. What they do online often mirrors what they might otherwise do if their mobility weren’t so heavily limited in the age of helicopter parenting. Social media and smartphones have become so popular in recent years. __68__As teens have moved online, parents have projected their fears onto the Internet, imagining all the potential dangers that youth might face – from violent strangers to cruel peers to pictures or words that could haunt them on Google for the rest of their lives.Rather than helping teens develop strategies for negotiating public life and the potential risks of interacting with others, fearful parents have focused on tracking, monitoring and blocking. __69__ “Protecting” kids may feel like the right thing to do, but it gradually weakens the learning that teens need to do as they come of age in a technology-soaked world.The key to helping youth navigate contemporary digital life isn’t more restrictions. It’s freedom-plus communication. What makes the digital street safe is when teens and adults collectively agree to open their eyes and pay attention, communicate and negotiate difficult situations together. Teens need the freedom to wander the digital street, but they also need to know that caring adults are behind them and supporting them wherever they go. The first step is to turn off the tracking software. __70__第II卷I. Translation1.按照惯例，参与批改考卷的老师不能使用任何电子设备。

II.Grammar and VocabularySection AU.S.resident Donald Trump announced on June1,2017,that the United States would exit the Paris Agreement.Hours later,a broad group of governors and business leaders declared that they would support the climate deal anyway and continue tackling global warming on their own.To date,however,not enough (21)________(do)to counteract the effects of the Trump administration’s quit on climate policy.On September8,tens of thousands of people took part in marches and other events across the U.S., (22)________(demand)urgent action against climate change from(23)________(elect)officials.They called for a rapid transition to renewable energy in order to keep off the various risks of climate change.The“Rise for Climate”protest was headed up by(24)________organizers called“the largest ever climate march on the U.S.West Coast.”The march,(25)________snaked through the heart of San Francisco,came ahead of a high-level conference named the Global Climate Action Summit in the city from Sept.12to14.The gathering brought mayors and business leaders from around the world together to discuss ways that states,cities and businesses(26)________work together to reduce their emissions.Hundreds of other actions took place in roughly90countries around the world.As part of a coordinated effort,those responses struck back at the dangerously regressive(倒退的)policies of the Trump administration.Those policies have sought to pull down the rules(27)________(lower) greenhouse gas emissions.“Today,people across the country are rising up for climate in their communities to fight back against Trump’s toxic agenda.They are sending a message to every politician(28)________the time for action is now,”said Michael Brune,director of(29)________environmental organization in the U.S.“Families living in the shadows of industrial pollution and losing homes and livelihoods to wildfires and extreme weather are coming together(30)________we know we don’t have time to waste.”The protests were planned surrounding the summit in San Francisco for a week,with organizers hoping to draw attention to air pollution.Section BThe impact of bullying behavior is not confined to geographic boundaries.Negative impacts and lessons learned can be found across the world.To share the work being done outside the United States, is honored to highlight the work of Ditch(抛弃)the Label in the United Kingdom and its CEO Liam Hackett.Imagine that you have just__31__a young person bullying one of his peers.How would you respond? Our__32__is often to punish the‘bully’and to__33__emotional support and reassurance to the‘victim’. This is what has been used in many cases of bullying–punishment and reactive support.What if I tell you that there are new and more effective ways of tackling the issue?Ways in which bullying could be prevented from happening in the first place?Firstly,I would like you to__34__the words‘bully’and‘victim’from your vocabulary.At Ditch the Label,we never use either of those words to describe somebody because bullying is a behavior and not an identity.Society has certain__35__about those words that can be__36__damaging and frequently discourage people from reaching out for help.We already know that those who are identified as being a ‘bully’are twice as likely to engage in crime later on in life.We__37__8,850young people aged12-25in the United Kingdom and we know that people who bully others are more likely to have difficulties at home,and probably have recently experienced something traumatic or__38__and aren’t dealing with it in positive ways.As a result,their physical andmental health suffers,with29%feeling constantly physically ill.The similarity with those who have been bullied is clear–27%report feeling constantly physically ill.Finally,the support for the person being bullied is__39__and should never be ignored.But instead of punishing the person doing the bullying,try to find the root issues and help them through.This takes time and patience,but by helping them overcome their issues,you are__40__preventing numerous other people from being bullied.III.Reading ComprehensionSection AA new Duke University-led study finds that more than200bird species in six rapidly developing regions are at risk of extinction despite not being included on the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List.The study,__41__in the peer-reviewed journal Science Advances,used remote sensing data to map recent land-use changes that are__42__suitable habitat for more than600bird species in the Atlantic forest of Brazil,Central America,the western Andes of Colombia,Sumatra,Madagascar and Southeast Asia.Of the600species,only108are__43__classified by the IUCN Red List as being at risk of extinction.The new analysis,however,reveals that210of the species face__44__risks of extinction and189of them should now be classified as threatened,based on the extent and pace of habitat loss documented by recent remote sensing.“Good as it is,the Red List assessment process dates back25years and does not make use of__45__in geospatial(地理空间)technologies,”said Stuart L.Pimm,Doris Duke Professor of Conservation Ecology at Duke’s Nicholas School of the Environment.“We have powerful new tools at our fingertips, including vastly__46__digital maps,regular global assessments of land use changes from satellite images,and maps showing which areas of the planet are__47__by national parks.”By not involving this type of modern geospatial data into its assessments,Pimm said,the Red List is __48__the number of species at risk and causing scientists and policymakers to overlook__49__areas for conservation.For instance,while the Red List currently includes estimates of the size of a species’geographical range in its assessment process,it__50__to account for how much preferred habitat remains within that range,said Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela,the new study’s lead author.“Knowing how much of this preferred habitat remains--and how much of it has been__51__or degraded--is vital for accurately assessing extinction risks,especially for species that have small geographical ranges to begin with.But it’s__52__in the current Red List assessment process.”“When these factors are accounted for,some species that are not currently considered at risk of extinction probably have ranges that are smaller than those that the Red List quite sensibly decides are at risk,”said study co-author Clinton Jenkins,who directs the biodiversity mapping site.Added Ocampo-Peñuela,“Natural habitats in the most biodiverse places on Earth are__53__, pushing species toward extinction a thousand times faster than their__54__rates.Preventing these extinctions requires__55__what species are at risk and where they live,”she said.“With better data we can make better decisions,and have a greater chance of saving species and protecting the places that matter.”41. A.printed B.published C.publicized D.pressed42. A.reducing B.declining C.collecting D.ignoring43. A.truthfully B.gradually C.currently D.undoubtedly44. A.reversed B.decreased C.revised D.accelerated45. A.advances B.creations C.initials D.ideas46. A.invented B.improved C.approved D.changed47. A.prohibited B.recognized C.appreciated D.protected48. A.miscounting B.undervaluing C.underestimating D.overestimating49. A.priority B.international C.local D.superior50. A.manages B.fails C.tries D.sticks51. A.developed B.destroyed C.exploited D.deserted52. A.cancelled B.highlighted C.ignored D.included53. A.developing B.fading C.discounting D.disappearing54. A.major B.current C.natural D.correct55. A.announcing B.selecting C.measuring D.knowingSection B(A)The2018Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been announced by the Nobel Committee in Stockholm,Sweden.Secretary-General of the Nobel Committee Thomas Perimann made the announcement.“The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute has today decided to award the2018Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly to James P.Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition(抑制)of negative immune regulation,”says Thomas Perlmann.Nobel Committee Member Klas Karre,a professor of molecular immunology,summedup the achievements of the two winners with a metaphor.“It is all about interference with the brakes of our immune system as a means to unleash(释放)this defense.”James Allison studied a known protein that functions as a brake on the immune system.He realized the potential of releasing the brake and thereby unleashing our immune cells to attack tumors.He then developed this concept into a brand new approach for treating patients.Meanwhile,Tasuku Honjo discovered a protein on immune cells and after careful explorationof its function,eventually revealed that it also operates as a brake,but with a different mechanismof action.Therapies based on his discovery proved to be strikingly effective in cancer treatment. Millions of patients will benefit from their discoveries.Allison was born in Texas in1948,and has been a professor at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston since2012.Tasuku Honjo was born in Kyoto,Japan in1942.Since1984,he has been a professor at Kyoto University.He was a Faculty Dean from1996-2000and from2002-2004at Kyoto University.They will receive their prize from the hands of the Swedish King Kari XVl Gustaf on December10.This was the first Nobel Prize to be announced for this year.Today,the Nobel Prize in Physics will be announced,followed by the Chemistry prize on Wednesday.This year there will be no Nobel Prize in Literature.The peace prize will be announced in Oslo on Friday and the Economic Prize in memory of Alfred Nobel will be announced on8th of Oct.56.Why did the Nobel committee award the prize to the two professors?A.Because they have been working together at finding ways of cancer treatment.B.Because they found similar approaches to treat cancer in almost the same time.C.Because they found the same cure of cancer at the same time.D.Because their new approach to cancer treatment has saved millions of people’s lives.57.What is the principle of the new cancer therapy?A.A new protein on our immune system has been found to have the ability to stop the process ofcancer.B.Some proteins on our immune cells function as a brake on immune system,thus unleashing the immune cells to attack tumors.C.Having certain type of proteins in our diet can help us strengthen the immune system and fight against cancer.D.It is the negative immune regulation that can help cure cancer.58.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.This was the first Nobel Prize about the treatment of cancer.B.The effect of the new cancer therapy remains to be seen.C.All kinds of cancer will be totally cured with this new approach.D.People suffering from cancer will greatly benefit from the new approach.(B)(You may read the questions first.)Below is a selection about some Guinness World Records.Top6Unusual Guinness World Records◆Fastest100m running on all foursThe2008Guinness World Records Day was,according to GWR,their biggest day of record-breaking ever,with more than290,000people taking put in record attempts in15different countries.Kenichi Ito’s record attempt was port of this special day.He is just another example of Japanese with“super powers”. His“super power”is to run with great speed on all fours.Kenichi Ito ran100m on all fours in18.58 seconds.The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo,Tokyo,in2008.◆Most people inside a soap bubbleThe Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana,California celebrated this year the15th anniversary of the Bubble(泡泡)Festival.A bubble’s math principles and science were presented and demonstrated at the three-week-long exhibition.The intriguing Bubble Show was also part of the program.Fan Yang and Deni Yang impressed the audience with their awesome skills for bubble making.The Yang family cooperated with the Discovery Science Center to set a new Guinness World Record for most people inside a soap bubble and they succeeded.The family that has been working with soap bubbles for27years created a huge soap bubble and got 118people inside it.The record was set on.April4,2011.◆Longest ears on a dogA bloodhound from Illinois has the longest ears ever measured a dog.The right ear is13.75inches long and the left one13.5inches.The dog named Tigger earned this title in2004and is owned by Christina and Bryan Flessner.Mr.Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title.Each of his ears measured approximately11.5 inches long.His grandfather used to hold this amazing world record,but when he died Mr.Jeffries look over.◆Most living generationsDid you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generation in one family? Seven is the answer.The ultimate authority on record-breaking mentions on the website that the youngest great-great-great-great grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung“aged109years97days,followed by her daughter aged89,her granddaughter aged70,her great grand-daughter aged52,her great-great grand-daughter aged33and her great-great-great granddaughter aged15on the birth of her great-great-great-great grandson on January21,1989”.◆Most T-shirts worn at onceBelieve it or not,there is a record also for this category.Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May22,2010for wearing245T-shirts at the same time.The nun from Croatia was officially recognized as the new record bolder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on245different T-shirts in less than two hours.The T-shirts weighted68kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirt No.120.He dethroned the Swedish Guinness record holder who wore238T-shirts.59.Why is Kenichi Ito described as a man with a“super power”?A.He set a good example to all Japanese.B.He made record attempts in15different countries.C.He set a new record for“Fastest100m running on all fours”.D.He participated in the2008Guinness World Records Day activities.60.Jeffries is the name of_______.A.the owner of the dog with the longest earsB.the grandfather of the dog with the longest earsC.the present holder of the record for“Longest ears on a dog”D.the former holder of the record for“longest ears on a dog”61.How many T-shirt had Krunoslav Budisell put on before he felt it difficult to go on?A.68B.120C.238D.24562.According to the given information,which Guinness World Record was most recently set?A.The record for“Most people inside a soap bubble”.B.The record for“Most living generations”.C.The record for“Most T-shirts worn at once”.D.The record for“Heaviest pumpkin”.(C)A radio report caught my attention the other day,as it spoke straight to my heart:Cadets(学员)at the US Naval Academy are now required to revisit and potentially revive the ancient skill of steering a ship by the stars.By the stars–imagine that:looking up at the sky,not down at a screen,so many years after the heavens’critical role in guiding mariners has fallen by the wayside,first replaced by radio waves,then by modern GPS.Much is gained–but something also lost–in such progress,I think.It reminded me of my love of18th and19th century seafaring(航海的)tales(reading them is one of my coping mechanisms for uneventful life in the landlocked Midwest),when sailors had only celestial(天空的)maps for navigation and still miraculously managed to sail the planet’s vast oceans and even circumnavigate the globe.Recent cybersecurity concerns have triggered renewed interest in backup navigational strategies such as stargazing,and simple hand-held technologies like the sextant(六分仪),so often mentioned in Richard Henry Dana’s Two Years Before the Mast,a tale that chronicles a mid-19th-century merchant ship’s endlessly adventurous voyage from Boston to California and back.I wouldn’t wish the harsh conditions of that trip on modern sailors,but I am all for anything that help people find their compass bearings(方位)and travel routes without high-tech and often mindless guidance.“Is that north or south of here?”I’ve asked motel clerks and gas station attendants about a particular address I’m seeking in my GPS-less travels.“Well,it’s that way,”comes the most frequent reply,accompanied by a pointed finger,and I realize that north,south,east,and west are not familiar coordinates(坐标)to many people.To be fair,I haven’t always been used to compass points either.In fact it was not until I was a youngadult,lying on a float in my parents’pool on a late summer’s visit home,and watching the sun set below the roofline,that I first realized that my childhood home faced due west.I was shocked that I’d been oblivious to this simple fact,especially since I’d begun to be schooled in geology and in compass work. But like so many,I’d grown up thinking and navigating using other coordinates,based on familiar streets, rights and lefts,and reference points such as my school,the homes of friends,the nearest playground,and the local shopping plaza.I’ve going since become accustomed to finding my bearings on travels in unfamiliar territory by the sun’s position.And now I’d love to sit in on a class at the academy to learn to navigate by the moon and stars.It’s a skill I’ll probably never need to draw upon.Yet it feels good to know how it would connect me, in a new and profound way,to the historical trace of human experience on this planet.As for modern sailors,it might just bring them safely home one day,if all else fails.63.What kind of role do18th and19th century seafaring tales play in the author’s life?A.Enriching his dull inland life.B.Triggering his concern for cyber security.C.Arousing his interest in modern navigational strategies.D.Strengthening his resolve to revive an ancient skill.64.The author mentions his experience of seeking an address in paragraph6and7to illustrate ________.A.the importance of modern technology such as GPS in travelsB.that it’s essential to learn geography and compass work well at schoolC.that many people don’t navigate in terms of coordinates such as north and southD.the convenience of navigating based on familiar streets,rights and lefts and reference points65.The underlined phrase“oblivious to”in paragraph8is closest in meaning to__________.A.obvious toB.familiar withC.unconcerned aboutD.unaware of66.Why does the author plan to learn to navigate by the moon and stars?A.Because he expects to experience the harsh conditions on the voyage in the past.B.Because he is required to revisit this ancient skill as a cadet at the U.S.Naval Academy.C.Because the skill can make him feel connected to the historical heritage of human beings.D.Because the skill can bring sailors home,safe and sound,if modern technology fails.Section CThe Bialowieza Forest,which grows along the border of Poland and Belarus(白罗斯),is all that remains of the primeval(原始的)forest which once covered Europe.A World Heritage site since1979,the forest covers an area of550square miles.Wolves prowl(潜行)beneath the ancient trees.Running closer to the ground are least weasels(伶鼬).They come in two types.One wears a brown coat all year.The other sheds its brown coat each autumn and turns bright white.It is believed to be an adaptation to help it blend in with snow.However,there was no snow cover when biologist Karol Zub,at the Polish Academy of Sciences,observed an entirely white weasel hunting rodents(啮齿动物).__67__“At this very moment,I thought to myself.Wowl if this animal is so well visible,it must be a perfect target for predators,”Zub said.His instincts were right__68__Zub and his colleagues analyzed weather data in the Bialowieza Forest going back to1967.The average period with permanent snow cover decreased from about80days per year to40days.Historically,the snow cover disappears around Mar.15.But in recent years,it disappeared by Feb.21,more than three weeks earlier in the season.And there are fewer white weasels are about four to five times lower than then years ago.As the number of days without permanent snow cover increased,the proportion of white weasels dropped dramatically.This crop is a case of what wildlife biologists call“camouflage(伪装)mismatch.”__69__Camouflage mismatch may cause the local extinction of white weasels,or at least a severe reduction in population.__70__Those who blend in live longer.Individuals who clash with their environment get eaten. There are21species known to change the color of their coats in winter.Zub predicts the other coat-changers are faring(遭遇)as badly as the humble weasel.Life on Earth is reacting to climate change.Bears appear to be hibernating for fewer days.Tropical fish are swimming away from the equator in search of cooler waters.Some animals have moved up into the mountains to escape increased temperatures.But camouflage mismatch might be one of the worst effects.After all,it’s hard not to notice a flash of white fur in a dark forest.IV.Summary writingDr.Margaret McCollum,65,a doctor,met her theatre actor husband named Oswald Laurence,a graduate from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art,in1992on a tour of Morocco(摩洛哥)after he had left acting and was working for a tour and cruise company.The pair,who lived in north London,stayed together until Laurence’s death in2007.Dr.McCollum said she used to frequently travel via Embankment station and loved hearing her husband’s voice saying“Mind the gap”,even when he was alive.Laurence’s voice was used on the northbound Northern Line but was phased out until only Embankment station used it.Dr.McCollum,said she often went to the station to hear her husband’s voice and was devastated when“he wasn’t there”in November.So,Dr.McCollum decided to do something to get her late husband’s voice back.She wrote an application to Transport for London(TFL,伦敦交通局)to request the bosses to restore the voice.After receiving her request and hearing what the voice meant to Dr.McCollum,the bosses of TFL arranged a CD of her husband’s recording for her,which would allow her to listen to her husband’s voice whenever she wanted.And they also decided to restore the voice warning to Embankment station.London Underground director Nigel Holness said,“We were very touched by her story,so our staff tracked down the recording and not only have they produced a copy of the announcement on CD for her to keep,but have also attempted to restore the announcement at Embankment station.”Now comes the good news!The40-year-old“mind the gap”recording once heard across the Tube is now returning to one station so that the window of the announcer can hear his voice.“I feel so proud of my husband,whose voice has served London Tubes for decades,”said Dr. McCollum,with tears in her eyes,when interviewed.V.Translation1.我突然想起我忘记通知他们考试的时间地点了。

2018-2019学年度上学期高三年级期中考试英语试卷本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Wh ere does the man want to go?A. A railway station.B. A post of f ice.C.The seaside.2. What happened to the woman?A. Sh e woke up late.B.She got to work late.C.She went to sleep late.3. What is the woman doing now?A.Baking cookies.B.Making a list.C.Shopping for groceries.4.How does the woman feel about the zoo?A.Sad.B.I mpressed.C.Disappointed.5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.Young people lose their jobs easily.B.Young people are too quick in making decisions.C.Young people seldom stay long in the same job.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

上海市行知中学2018-2019学年第一学期期中考试高三年级英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.l. A. At a bakery. B. At a hotel.C. At a post office.D. At a birthday party.2. A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller.C. Boss and secretary.D. Customer and repairman.3. A. 30 minutes. B. 60 minutes. C. 90 minutes. D. 120 minutes.4. A. A best sailor. B. A latest book.C. A good business.D. An exciting story.5. A. By going on a diet. B. By eating fruit and vegetables.C. By having fewer meals.D. By doing physical exercise.6. A. It was interesting and easy to follow. B. It was far beyond his understanding.C. It was as difficult as he had expected.D. It was long but easy to understand.7. A. The traffic is always very heavy. B. The man needn’t go to the airport.C. The subway is crowded at rush hours.D. The man had better take the subway.8. A. The woman prefers going out. B. The woman will make the decision.C. The man agrees with the woman.D. The man would rather stay inside.9. A. The man can tell Kelly the news the next day.B. The man shouldn’t tell Kelly the news at school.C. The man should tell Kelly’s brother the news.D. The man had better tell Kelly the news by himself.10. A. The match will be put off due to the rain.B. The rain isn’t likely to influence the man’s team.C. The result of the match is sure to be affected.D. The rain will help the man’s team win the match.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To get better jobs. B. To save more money.C. To move into a larger apartment.D. To receive further education.12. A. It had family-friendly politics.B. It owned a child-care centre on site.C. It offered its staff excellent benefits.D. It rewarded employees with apartments.13. A. Satisfied. B. Surprised. C. Confused. D. Interested.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Africa. B. Asia. C. Europe. D. South America.15. A. It’s a trade that is driven by customer appetites.B. The latest trick seems to be boosting business.C. You can hardly resist the temptation when seeing the pictures of food.D. With the new technology, sales on the table have risen by about 11%.16. A. Young people. B. Foreigners. C. Local people. D. Old people.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear a conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The woman’s friend in Bali. B. The husband’s friend in Bali..C. The woman’s husband.D. The guide of the trip.18. A. Good restaurants and shops. B. Nice hotels and water sports.C. The weather and the sea view.D. Surfing and diving.19. A. In cash. B. By credit card.C. By cheque.D. On the Internet.20. A. Pay for the trip. B. Ask about the price.C. Wait for the man’s call.D. Begin their trip.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. The home-sharing service provides some people with a way (21) __________ （make）extra money while they work other jobs.The company announced recently that one of its (22) __________(popular) professions among American Airbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out (23) __________industries its American hosts work in.The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified(24) __________ as teachers or in the field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. In addition, the study says there are (25) __________ estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.The study did not provide data from hosts about (26) __________they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earnings from hosting (27) __________ help.Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb’s estimated national average. Airbnb spokesman Christopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry is not a total solution for the current problems (28) __________ (face) many teachers. But he said he thinks Airbnb can be an “important tool” to help teachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity” they have earned.The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb (29) __________ (continue) to face opposition by activists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices in several cities. Elected officials in some areas (30) __________(propose) or approved rules to limit the influence of the service. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Air pollution is a killer.The World Health Organization says it kills about seven million people around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us, it can make us very sick.However, breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body. It can also affect your brain and your ability to think. A new study shows that air pollution can cause a “huge” 31 in our intelligence. The study was a project 32 researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.The researchers reported that long-term33 to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities in two areas: language and mathematics.They studied about 25,000 men, women and children from across China by giving them language and math tests between 2010 and 2014. Then they compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, 34 nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing 35 air can reduce a person’s education level by about one year. Chen said that the effect 36 is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those working outdoors than those working indoors. And the test subjects studied came from 25 of China’s 33 provinces, ranging in age from 10 to 90, which, according to Chen, provided a “good 37 sample.”The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on 38 ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The smallest pieces of air pollution, called particulate matter 2.5 or simply PM2.5., are only 2.5 micrometers long; sometimes they are even smaller. So one can easily breathe them in, and they are found indoors.Chen urges 39 policymakers to make serious changes. "The longer-term effects suggests to the policymakers that we need to engage in cleaning up the sky instead of investing in short-term 40 , for example the face masks or air filters.” He said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Today’s youth seem content to take the easy route and enjoy the ride of life. When ___41___ situations arise, they often pull a long face and ___42___. How you live your teen years will have a profound impact on the rest of your life. You must learn to utilize (利用) your ___43___ wisely.You may not see it now, ___44___ developing leadership characteristics at a young age is very important. ___45___ we get older, it becomes harder to overcome bad habits and replace them with good ones. Possessing leadership qualities is essential, both in this life and in the world to come.There are certain qualities that one needs to develop in order to become a leader: justice, judgment, dependability, initiative, decisiveness, courage, knowledge and loyalty. You may recognize these as good qualities to have, without realizing how they apply to leadership. The more that these qualities are part of your nature, the more ___46___ and enjoyable your life will be. All of these are qualities that one must possess to one degree or another.___47___ popular opinion, leadership is something that is learned. No one is born a leader. We are all capable of ___48___ the leadership qualities mentioned above—some just choose not to. Of course, not everyone can be the “top dog”, ___49___ all the time. However, everyone does have the capacity to lead in some way—but ___50___ is required!Understand that learning is a fact of life—learning to ride a bike, learning to drive, learning to type, learning mathematics, etc. All of these activities ___51___ action, if we do not ___52___ and develop them, those abilities will never come to perfection.Youth is an excellent time to start developing leadership qualities. ___53___ the time to studyeach one in detail. Put them into practice as you interact with other people. Determine which areas you are weak in, striving to always improve. Observe the leaders and how they handle situations and carry themselves. Also, study the lives of great leaders. The results will ___54___ you in this life —and ___55___!41. A. comfortable B. tough C. enjoyable D. convenient42. A. shout B. laugh C. complain D. regret43. A. intelligence B. time C. degree D. challenge44. A. but B. while C. for D. since45. A. Before B. After C. As D. Though46. A. efficient B. effective C. sufficient D. productive47. A. In spite of B. Contrary to C. As for D. Regardless of48. A. demanding B. carrying C. exhibiting D. expecting49. A. let alone B. depend on C. start off D. get together50. A. patience B. perseverance C. intelligence D. action51. A. require B. cause C. profit D. set52. A. increase B. exploit C. recall D. demonstrate53. A. Spend B. Take C. Pay D. Consume54. A. serve B. encourage C. charge D. entitle55. A. out B. beyond C. away D. offSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote, “You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory. You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing – not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feedyour people. ”I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.56.There is no more hunting in India now partly because __________.A. it is dangerous to hunt thereB. hunting is already out of dateC. hunters want to protect animalsD. there are few animals left to hunt57.The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly __________.A. to make the countryside safeB. to earn people’s admirationC. to gain power and influenceD. to improve their health58.What do we learn about the big-game hunters?A. They hunt old animals.B. They mistreat animals.C. They hunt for food.D. They hunt for money.59.What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face.B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons.C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers.D. Modern hunters should put their safety first.(B)Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture（针灸）Author: Angela Hicks, John Hicks, Peter MoleItem Regular Price AAMA Practice Member Price95—53$69．95$59．45Description: This exciting textbook gives a clear, detailed, andpresentation of the main features of constitutional five elementacupuncture treatment．It covers the context and history of this formof acupuncture, as well as the relevant Chinese medicinetheory．After examining the elements themselves, and the functionsof the organs, the book explores the basis of diagnosis in five elementacupuncture, possible blocks to treatment, and the treatment itself．Itputs this style of treatment into the context of other styles ofacupuncture treatment especially Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）as it is used in the West today．★A clear and trustworthy exploration of five element constitutional acupuncture．★A description of the major aspects of diagnosis within this system, solving inconsistencies60.The above table and passage is mainly_______________．A. an advertisement to persuade people to buy the bookB. a comparison between the five elements and TCMC. an introduction to the author writing this bookD. an introduction to the book on five elements61.People who read the book may find it visually appealing in that_______．A. it is published in traditional ChineseB. the book has the advantage of two colors in printingC. overall revisions keep the material in this book up-to-dateD. Practice Member Price is lower than Regular Price62.Supposing Jack is an AAMA Practice Member and he has bought ten books, how much has hesaved compared with Regular Price?A. 215 dollarsB. 105 dollarsC. 195 dollarsD. 150 dollars(C)Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.63. What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?A. The cost of the traditional surgery is very high.B. It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body.C. Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest.D. The incision is often infected after the operation.64. Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?A. It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera.B. The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly.C. The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed.D. An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance.65. The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______.A. requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patientB. reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedureC. allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitivelyD. eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients66. The passage mainly tells the reader ________.A. the challenges brought about by new technologyB. the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical SystemC. the reflections on the development in medical scienceD. the application of new technologies in modern surgerySection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in theMost of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. ____67_________It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ____68_______.People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. ___69______. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.This is what the story of mankind has been like. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years.____70_____. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.第II卷(共50分）IV. SummaryDirections: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching,and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback (缺点) of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It’s not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我很感激你安排了导游在机场迎接我(arrange)2.我们为中国灿烂的历史而自豪, 但不该墨守成规。

2018-2019学年上海省上海市浦东新区建平中学高三上学期英语期中试卷说明：（1）本场考试时间为120分钟，满分140分；（2）请认真答卷，并用规范字书写。

I. Listening Comprehension (略)II. Grammar and vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections:Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.The mama-bear instinctMs. Angela McQueen, a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School, Illinois, has a routine when she’s on lunch-monitoring duty. She (21)__keeps___ (keep) an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps(圈) around the school cafeteria.In September 2017, McQueen, then 40, had hardly finished one lap (22)___when__ a 14-year-old freshman standing not far from her pulled out a gun. She knew too well that he was going to start shooting.School employees (23)__had been trained__ (train) on how to handle active shooters: Attack their ability (24)____ to aim__ (aim). So with the shooter’s finger on the trigger, McQueen rushed to him. (25)___Grabbing__(grab) at his arm, she forced the gun into the air, but not (26)_before___ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another. As students ran for the exits, McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer, (27)___who_____ disarmed the student and took him into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later. Afterward, McQueen went outside to give hugs and support to her shaken students.“It’s the mama-bear instinct,” she told the local paper. “I don’t have kids of my own, but these are still ‘(28)____my____’ kids.”(29)___Thanks to____ McQueen, a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the country had a relatively happy ending. “If it hadn’t been for her, the situation would have been a lot different,” Police Chief Jeff Branson said at a news conference.As one (30)__ impressed___ (impress) student told CBS News, “Mr. McQueen is our heroine.”【答案】21. keeps 22. when 23. had been trained 24. to aim 25. Grabbing 26. before 27. who 28. my 29. Thanks to 30. impressed【重难点词汇解析】1.Routine - n. 按部就班的工作；常规；惯例2.Monitor - v. 监控；监视3.Keep an eye on - prep. 留意，留心4.Disarm - v. 缴械，解除武装5.Imprisonment - n. 关押，监禁6.Relatively - adv. 相对来说，相对地7.Heroine - n. 女英雄【语篇分析】本文描述了美国一所中学的数学兼体育老师Ms. McQueen的英雄事迹- 在午饭时间巡视学生食堂的时候突发意外- 一名14岁的中学生掏出手枪意图射杀在场学生，Ms. McQueen反应迅速，一举将其手枪夺下，解除了危机，挽救了在场所有学生和老师的生命。

II. Grammar and VocabularySection AU.S. resident Donald Trump announced on June 1, 2017, that the United States would exit the Paris Agreement. Hours later, a broad group of governors and business leaders declared that they would support the climate deal anyway and continue tackling global warming on their own. To date, however, not enough (21)________ (do) to counteract the effects of the Trump administration’s quit on climate policy.On September 8, tens of thousands of people took part in marches and other events across the U.S., (22)________ (demand) urgent action against climate change from (23)________ (elect) officials. They called for a rapid transition to renewable energy in order to keep off the various risks of climate change.The “Rise for Climate” protest was headed up by (24)________ organizers called “the largest ever climate march on the U.S. West Coast.” The march, (25)________ snaked through the heart of San Francisco, came ahead of a high-level conference named the Global Climate Action Summit in the city from Sept. 12 to 14. The gathering brought mayors and business leaders from around the world together to discuss ways that states, cities and businesses (26)________ work together to reduce their emissions.Hundreds of other actions took place in roughly 90 countries around the world. As part of a coordinated effort, those responses struck back at the dangerously regressive(倒退的) policies of the Trump administration. Those policies have sought to pull down the rules (27)________ (lower) greenhouse gas emissions.“Today, pe ople across the country are rising up for climate in their communities to fight back against Trump’s toxic agenda. They are sending a message to every politician (28)________ the time for action is now,” said Michael Brune, director of (29)________ environmental organization in the U.S. “Families living in the shadows of industrial pollution and losing homes and livelihoods to wildfires and extreme weather are coming together (30)________ we know we don’t have time to waste.”The protests were planned surrounding the summit in San Francisco for a week, with organizers hoping to draw attention to air pollution.Section BThe impact of bullying behavior is not confined to geographic boundaries. Negative impacts and lessons learned can be found across the world. To share the work being done outside the United States, is honored to highlight the work of Ditch(抛弃) the Label in the United Kingdom and its CEO Liam Hackett.Imagine that you have just __31__ a young person bullying one of his peers. How would you respond?Our __32__ is often to punish the ‘bully’ and to __33__ emotional support and reassurance to the ‘victim’. This is what has been used in many cases of bullying – punishment and reactive support.What if I tell you that there are new and more effective ways of tackling the issue? Ways in which bullying could be prevented from happening in the first place?Firstly, I would like you to __34__ the words ‘bully’ and ‘victim’ from your vocabulary. At Ditch the Label, we never use either of those words to describe somebody because bullying is a behavior and not an identity. Society has certain __35__ about those words that can be __36__ damaging and frequently discourage people from reaching out for help. We already know that those who are identified as being a ‘bully’ are twice as likely to engage in crime later on in life.We __37__ 8,850 young people aged 12-25 in the United Kingdom and we know that people who bully others are more likely to have difficulties at home, and probably have recently experienced something traumatic or __38__ and aren’t dealing with it in positive ways. As a result, their physical and mental health suffers, with 29% feeling constantly physically ill. The similarity with those who have been bullied is clear – 27% report feeling constantly physically ill.Finally, the support for the person being bullied is __39__ and should never be ignored. But instead of punishing the person doing the bullying, try to find the root issues and help them through. This takes time and patience, but by helping them overcome their issues, you are __40__ preventing numerous other people from being bullied.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AA new Duke University-led study finds that more than 200 bird species in six rapidly developing regions are at risk of extinction despite not being included on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.The study, __41__ in the peer-reviewed journal Science Advances, used remote sensing data to map recent land-use changes that are __42__ suitable habitat for more than 600 bird species in the Atlantic forest of Brazil, Central America, the western Andes of Colombia, Sumatra, Madagascar and Southeast Asia. Of the 600 species, only 108 are __43__ classified by the IUCN Red List as being at risk of extinction.The new analysis, however, reveals that 210 of the species face __44__ risks of extinction and 189 of them should now be classified as threatened, based on the extent and pace of habitat loss documented by recent remote sensing.“Good as it is, the Red List assessment process dates back 25 years and does not make use of __45__ in geospatial(地理空间) technologies,” said Stuart L. Pimm, Doris Duke Professor of Conservation Ecology at Duke’s Nicholas School of the Environment. “We have powerful new tools at our fingertips,including vastly __46__ digital maps, regular global assessments of land use changes from satellite images, and maps showing which areas of the planet are __47__ by national parks.”By not involving this type of modern geospatial data into its assessments, Pimm said, the Red List is __48__ the number of species at risk and causing scientists and policymakers to overlook __49__ areas for conservation.For instance, while the Red List currently includes esti mates of the size of a species’ geographical range in its assessment process, it __50__ to account for how much preferred habitat remains within that range, said Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela, the new study’s lead author.“Knowing how much of this preferred habit at remains -- and how much of it has been __51__ or degraded -- is vital for accurately assessing extinction risks, especially for species that have small geographical ranges to begin with. But it’s __52__ in the current Red List assessment process.”“When these factors are accounted for, some species that are not currently considered at risk of extinction probably have ranges that are smaller than those that the Red List quite sensibly decides are at risk,” said study co-author Clinton Jenkins, who directs the biodiversity mapping site.Added Ocampo-Peñuela, “Natural habitats in the most biodiverse places on Earth are __53__, pushing species toward extinction a thousand times faster than their __54__ rates. Preventing these extinctions requires __55__ what species are at risk and where they live,” she said. “With better data we can make better decisions, and have a greater chance of saving species and protecting the places that matter.”41. A. printed B. published C. publicized D. pressed42. A. reducing B. declining C. collecting D. ignoring43. A. truthfully B. gradually C. currently D. undoubtedly44. A. reversed B. decreased C. revised D. accelerated45. A. advances B. creations C. initials D. ideas46. A. invented B. improved C. approved D. changed47. A. prohibited B. recognized C. appreciated D. protected48. A. miscounting B. undervaluing C. underestimating D. overestimating49. A. priority B. international C. local D. superior50. A. manages B. fails C. tries D. sticks51. A. developed B. destroyed C. exploited D. deserted。

II. Grammar and VocabularySection BRecently, I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down. High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land. We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts (21)________ (fasten) because there might be a few bumps. Well, that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster (22)________ (pale) by comparison.The movement was so sudden (23)________ several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags. (24)________ you might guess, that’s not good thing to happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation.About twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane became very quiet. There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed. Every passenger simply held on for dear life…(25)________ one. A baby was having a good time! With each bump of the aircraft, he (26)________ let out a giggle of happiness. As I observed this, I realized that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety. He (27)________ thought about the past nor about the future. Those are(28)________ we grown-ups have learned from experience. He was enjoying the ride because he(29)________ (not teach) to fear it. (30)________ (understand) this, I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat, pretending I was really on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even managed to giggle once or twice, which is much to the chagrin of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.Section CPeople become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten. If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great __31__. You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. On the other hand, your stomach would __32__ at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat---the __33__ accepted practice in many northern countries. The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we __34__ to them all our lives.No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to __35__ snails with food. My friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are despised. As his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy__36__, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my __37__ plants. Acting on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert. Robert was delighted to see me and __38__ pleased with my little gift. I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours. I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. Snails would, of course, be the main dish. I did not __39__ the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room. To our dismay, we saw that there were snails everywhere: they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete __40__ of the hall!III. Reading ComprehensionSection ASign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are __41__ —a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and __42__ language, and throw new light on an old scientific __43__: whether language, __44__ with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a __45__ behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the __46__ work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something __47__; among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural __48__, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand __49__” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language? And could that language be __50__ any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people ____51_____ their signing as “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy – a belief contrary to what was generally accepted.It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a(n) __52__. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages __53__ English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of __54__. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff(素材)—it’s __55__ stuff.”41. A. unique B. neutral C. inexact D. vague42. A. varies B. applies C. interrelates D. understands43. A. argument B. definition C. conclusion D. statement44. A. familiar B. complete C. changeable D. comparative45. A. adopted B. inherited C. introduced D. learned46. A. pioneering B. concluding C. proceeding D. imitating47. A. casual B. odd C. witty D. tricky48. A. clue B. file C. code D. digit49. A. talk B. gossip C. clap D. shake50. A. characteristic of B. different from C. equal to D. worthy of51. A. contributed B. signified C. justified D. dismissed52. A. evolution B. procedure C. revolution D. presentation53. A. with B. among C. as D. like54. A. space B. rhythm C. volume D. rate55. A. culture B. brain C. muscle D. heartSection B(A)One picture in the Wonder Book of knowledge I had as a little boy showed a man reading a book while floating in the Dead Sea. What a miracle! How would it feel to lie back in water so thick with salt that it was impossible to sink?Fed by the Jordan River and smaller streams, the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth’s surface, and its water is ten times saltier than the Mediterranean. With evaporation its only outlet, salt and other minerals become super-concentrated.Earlier this year, I drove down the long, steep hill to realize my dream. The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was far out of sight. Had somebody pulled the Dead Sea’s plug? I wondered. Eli Dior, an Israeli official, explained the problem: “The Dead Sea is drying up. Every year, the surface drops about one meter, and as the water level falls, shadow areas are left high and dry.”Over the last half-century, the five neighboring countries have collectively diverted nearly all the water flowing into the Dead Sea to meet human and agriculture needs. Result: the Dead Sea is being emptied.With population in the region set to double at least in the next 50 years, there is little hope of restoringthe water being diverted for human consumption. No country has a drop to spare for the Dead Sea, where they know it will just evaporate. To dream of opening the dams and restoring natural balance is plainly unrealistic.Yet one ambitious high-tech dream may turn out to be not only the salvation of the Dead Sea but also a ticket to peace around its shores. The “Red-Dead” is a proposed $5 billion project to bring sea water some 240 kilometers by pipeline and canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. The Red-Dead may be the only solution, but even if the project is carried out successfully, the Dead Sea will be 10 to 20 meters lower than now and two thirds of its current size.Whatever the future holds, the Dead Sea’s magical mix of sun, mud, sea and salt will surely survive. Many might complain that the Dead Sea is half empty—but for me the Dead sea will always be half full.56.What’s the passage mainly about?A. Dead Sea – miracle of the world.B. Save the environment of the Dead Sea.C. Slow shrinking of the Dead Sea.D. Why is the Dead Sea so salty.57.The shrinking of the Dead Sea is mainly caused by ________ according to the passage.A. a severe reduction of the water flowing into the seaB. rapid evaporation of the water in the Dead Sea areaC. the increasing quantity of water drawn from the seaD. very low annual rainfall in the Dead Sea Area58.Which of the following is right according to the passage?A. With no outlet to any ocean, the Dead Sea has become by evaporation most dense waters on earth.B. Though burdened with the growing population, the neighboring countries haven’t cut off the sources of the Dead Sea.C. All the countries in the area will consider diverting less water from the Jordan River.D. The Red-Dead Project has not only brought water to the Dead Sea, but peace to the area as well.59.Which of the following statements will the author approve of?A. If the Dead Sea dried up, great natural disasters would happen in the region.B. The Dead Sea will not survive no matter what people do to save it.C. The five neighboring countries should stop diverting water from the Jordan River.D. Though the Dead Sea is shrinking gradually, it will not die.(B)The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed.For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER)Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work.Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof.Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs.Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than £65 per year.Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.60.According to the passage, the thermostat is used to ________.A. make rooms quieterB. control room temperatureC. turn off the air conditionerD. reduce room air pollution61.We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages _________.A. planting leafy trees around your homeB. turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your houseC. keeping your south-facing windows open during the dayD. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs62.According to the passage, you can save fuel by _______.A. using energy-efficient ceiling fansB. sharing cars with others on workdaysC. turning off everything not in useD. reducing 10% of your car trips every year(C)Mental illness and disability were family problems for English people living between 1660 and 1800. Most women and men who suffered from mental illness were not institutionalized as this was the period before the extensive building of mental hospitals. Instead, they were housed at home, and cared for by other family members.Now a new study by Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.Much has been written about the insane themselves but few studies have considered mental illness from the perspective of the carers. The lifetime burden of caring for those individuals whose mental development did not progress beyond childhood, and who contemporaries labeled as ‘idiots’ or ‘fools’, has been little explored by historians. Foyster’s research, which has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, will carefully examine the emotional and economic consequences for families at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.By asking key questions about the impact of ‘care in the community’ in the 18th century, Foyster hopes that her research will bridge social and medical history. Specifically, she aims to provide an historicalperspective for contemporary debates such as how resources can be stretched to provide for children with learning difficulties and an aging population.“The stresses and strains of family were worsened by high infant mortality and low life expectancy, and many individuals were pushed towards mental breakdown,” she explained. “Moreover, inherited conditions, senility(高龄) and what today would be described as ‘special needs’ could put great emotional demands on family members who had primary responsibility for their sick or disabled relatives.”The research will shed light upon how caring for the mentally ill and disabled raised difficult issues for families about the limits of intergenerational responsibility, and whether family ties were weakened or strengthened by the experience. The questions of how far shame was attached to having insanity or idiocy within a family, and at what point families began to seek outside help, will also be addressed.“The family must have seemed an inescapable feature of daily life between 1660 and 1800,” said Foyster. “Although there were those who were abandoned and rejected, for the majority, mental disability was accommodated within the family unit. I aim to get to the heart of what this really meant for people’s lives.”63.Which is NOT the reason why those mentally ill and disabled were not institutionalized from 1660 to 1800?A. Mental illness and disability were family problems then.B. The extensive building of mental hospitals didn’t start yet.C. They were abandoned by the government and the family.D. The family would be found guilty if they didn’t care for them.64.Why does Foyster want to carry out this study?A. Because it can provide some food for thought for some current social issues.B. Because the stresses and strains of family life have driven many people crazy.C. Because she’s looking for ways to communicate with the sick or disabled people.D. Because the limits of intergenerational responsibility in such families, interest her.65.Which question will NOT be studied in the research?A. How should resources today be stretched to provide for an aging population?B. How did caring for the sick and disabled affect the family’s earning power?C. How shameful did a family feel when their insane or disabled relatives were found out?D. At what point did those families have to begin to look for outside help?66.The passage is written in order to ________.A. reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relativesB. provide an historical perspective to contemporary debatesC. shed light upon whether family ties were weakened or strengthenedD. introduce a new historical study carried out by a Cambridge historianSection CBicycles, roller skates and skateboards are dangerous. And don’t get me started on walking. But I’m glad I didn’t spend my childhood trapped indoors to protect me from every bump and bruise. “That which does not kill us makes us stronger.” __67__ And now technology has become the new field for the age-old battle between adults and their freedom-craving kids.Locked indoors, unable to get on their bicycles and hang out with their friends, teens have turned to social media and their mobile phones to socialize with their peers. What they do online often mirrors what they might otherwise do if their mobility weren’t so heavily limited in the age of helicopter parenting. Social media and smartphones have become so popular in recent years. __68__As teens have moved online, parents have projected their fears onto the Internet, imagining all the potential dangers that youth might face – from violent strangers to cruel peers to pictures or words that could haunt them on Google for the rest of their lives.Rather than helping teens develop strategies for negotiating public life and the potential risks of interacting with others, fearful parents have focused on tracking, monitoring and blocking. __69__ “Protecting” kids may feel like the right thing to do, but it gradually weakens the learning that teens need to do as they come of age in a technology-soaked world.The key to helping youth navigate contemporary digital life isn’t more restrictions. It’s freedom-pluscommunication. What makes the digital street safe is when teens and adults collectively agree to open their eyes and pay attention, communicate and negotiate difficult situations together. Teens need the freedom to wander the digital street, but they also need to know that caring adults are behind them and supporting them wherever they go. The first step is to turn off the tracking software. __70__第II卷I. Translation1.按照惯例，参与批改考卷的老师不能使用任何电子设备。

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Many of us spend our lives in black, brown, navy, white, grey and so on. But by choosing safe shades___21___ ______ a bright dress, we could be missing out on the health benefits from colour.Jules Standish, author of How Not to Wear Black, is a style and colour consultant for women afraid of standing out, and she believes ___22___（change）your shopping habits can boost your well-being and self-respect.“Research shows that colours can have ___23___ psychological effect,”she says.“Looking at warm, bright colours, such as red or pink, releases dopamine（多巴胺）--___24___（know）as the‘feel-good hormone’—which can improve our mood and heighten the attention span.”H ere, Jules gives her suggestion on the colours ___25___ can’t be more suited.“Red and green ___26___ never be seen”c ouldn’t be more wrong. Unexpectedly, they work greatly well together. Our brains associate colours with temperature, so scarlet（深红色）is at ___27___（hot）end of colour spectrum（色谱）. Scarlet and burgundy（紫红色）are both universally attractive and suit almost every skin tone and hair colour. This combination ___28___（think）unpleasantly bright, but here the green, or bright blue, helps to tone down the purple.Research also suggests that men prefer women in pink, ___29___ it’s the closest col our to skin. Pale pink is a feminine and youthful colour, but it is more wearable than its brighter counterpart. Add touches of burgundy ___30___（make）i t more elegant. Pale pink can be worn well into your 60s, and works for those who don’t feel comfortable in attention-grabbing shades.Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Most of us learn at primary school that there are seven continents, but the next generation of kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published ___31___ in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers, “Zealandia” is a new continent that’s hidden beneath th e ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq. km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highestmountains already have their own name: New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be recognized worldwide as its own continent.“The ___33___ value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,” the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started extensive research on the area ___34___ underwater and satellite mapping technology. After completing their work, they were ___35___ able to write a report suggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes ___36___ on where in the world school is.Due to t heir ___37___ as a “continuous expanse of land”, some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent --known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more ___38___, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This ___39___ over how land is defined has even stretched into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its discovery in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that countless books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social ___41___ of chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will ___42___ in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to ___43___ one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly ___44___ to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food?In the laboratory, chimps don’t ___45___ share food either. If a chimp is put i n a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull ___46___--he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly self ish.Human children, ___47___, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this ___48___ in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally ___49___ in young children. One is that these ___50___ appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave ___51___. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence ___52___ in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the ___53___ world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can ___54___ what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a“we”，a group that intends to work toward a(n) ___55___ goal.41. A. structures B. policies C. behaviors D. responsibilities42. A. conflict B. cooperate C. offend D. negotiate43. A. trust B. contact C. isolate D. help44. A. decline B. manage C. attempt D. oblige45. A. curiously B. reluctantly C. naturally D. carelessly46. A. in turn B. at random C. with care D. in advance47. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D. on the other hand48. A. cooperation B. availability C. interrelationship D. attractiveness49. A. cultivated B. motivated C. possessed D. stimulated50. A. attitudes B. instincts C. experiences D. coincidences51. A. creatively B. formally C. socially D. competitively52. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears53. A. abstract B. invisible C. imaginary D. physical54. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance55. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitious。

2018学年高三年级第一学期期中考试英语学科2018.11 Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.G oat brigades help battle Portugal’s deadly wildfiresFemando Moura and his herd may not look like heroes ________ the Portuguese farmers and his370 goats are the latest recruits in the country’s battle ___22___ summer forest fires. Hoping to contain wildfires that threaten its mountains each year, so far, Portugal’s government ___23___（hire）goats to eat up bushes growing under tall trees and create natural, cost-effective fire barriers.___24___（soal）t emperatures often spark blazes across Portugal’s mountain ranges, forcing authorities to send hundreds of firefighters, soldiers and water-dumping aircraft. More than 100 people were reported ___25___（kill）i n the country’s wildfires last year, prompting criticism from firefighters over a lack of government coordination.Moura’s four-legged brigade are part of a pilot project ___26___（start）earlier this year, to clear flammable scrubland from some of Portugal’s major mountain ranges. Authorities hope the firefighting goats will help stop blazes ___27___（spread）from one forest to another and better contain any fires.For the next five years, ___28___. Moura and his goats are expected to do is to roam across the slopes of the central Serra da Estrela range and clear-around 50 hectares of scrubland, ___29___ is expected to create the natural firewalls. Around 40 goat herders are taking part in the initiative, and officials say ___30___ evaluation will come at the end of its five-year run.Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Most people’s biggest interview fears include having to answer question like“Why are you looking to leave your current job?”W hether you can’t stand your boss or are the uninterested in your day-to-day responsibilities, there are ways to answer without throwing anyone under the bus, or burning any bridges—something you should avoid no matter how ___31___ you are.“I’m looking for more opportunities to learn”This is a polite way to ___32___ feelings of boredom or restlessness and shows recruiters you’re interested in developing new skills. It’s never a bad things to say you like to learn, and most organizations want ___33___ employees who have the initiative to expand their knowledge in the field. Learning on the job also opens you up to professional advancement opportunities, which can prove ___34___ in the long run.“I’ve been really wanting a position that will provide more responsibility”Obviously, the“more responsibility”v ersion of this answer is a much easier ___35___. What recruiter doesn’t like to hear the candidate is looking to take on more duties? Just like looking for more opportunities to learn, this response works well if you feel you cannot show your full ___36___ in your current position.“I want to dedicate myself to a new career”Save this one for when you’re making a somewhat ___37___ career change. There’s nothing wrong with changingdirection at any point in your career, but you should be prepared to answer questions about it—your potential employer will want to know what led you to make the ___38___ and may ne ed reassurance that you’re not going to suddenly change your mind once you’re hired in a completely new industry.“I’ve been wanting to improve my XYZ skill”Whether it’s a completely new skill you just couldn’t learn at your current job or you’ve maxed ou t your opportunities to further develop certain qualifications at your company, this is a great chance to show what you’ve mastered so far and the areas where you are likely to make progress. In either case, this answer will demonstrate that you’re willing to work hard in order to grow ___39___.There’s no doubt“Why are you looking to leave your current job?”is one of those awkward—and difficult—questions, but it’s helpful to keep in mind that there’s not really a wrong answer as long as you don’t ___40___ anyone in the process.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Of all the forms of bullying, the online variety attracts the most attention these days. It is a big focus of the “Be Best” ___41___ launched by Melania Trump, America’s First Lady, to teach children the importance of social, emotional and ___42___ health.Online platforms offer bullies ever more creative ways to hurt ___43___ outside school hours. Cyber-bullying varies from private ___44___ to cruel public comments. Bullies might invite their target to a chat room or group conversation created for the sole purpose of abusing him or her.Bullying happens where young people spend their time—at present, mainly Instagram, noticSnapchat, Facebook and WhatsApp. A widely ___45___“solution”is to forbid teenagers from particular platforms. But then they will ___46___ to another.Most social-media sites have instructions on how to report disturbing material and ___47___ other users. But bullied teenagers are unlikely to find ___48___ in any of this. A recent survey in Britain found that 70% of them thought that social-media companies do ___49___ to prevent bullying.Reducing cyber-bullying through legislation is often ___50___. The Canadian province of Nova Scotia introduced an anti-cyber-bullying bill after a noticeable teenage suicide. But the law was later struck down by the courts for ___51___ free speech.Many scholars ___52___ that the answer to tackling cyber-bullying lies in educating both children and adults in ___53___ skills. Mrs Trump has produced a leaflet, suggesting parents discuss with their children their online lives, about which they often know nothing. A piece of sensible advice is her injunction（命令）to set an example of good online behaviour, and to remind children that“online actions have ___54___”. If only adults could take this lesson to ___55___.41. A. experiment B. announcement C. competition D. initiative42. A. mental B. physical C. practical D. overall43. A. friends B. victims C. losers D. strangers44. A. threats B. remarks C. fights D. conflicts45. A. held B. addressed C. suggested D. debated46. A. migrate B. reverse C. enhance D. flee47. A. block B. track C. supervise D. neglect48. A. fault B. compliment C. delight D. comfort49. A. harm B. little C. much D. good50. A. conflicting B. controversial C. tricky D. effective51. A. supporting B. introducing C. violating D. opposing52. A. bet B. agree C. hint D. suggest53. A. social B. basic C. professional D. digital54. A. drawbacks B. benefits C. obstacles D. consequences55. A. heart B. practice C. brain D. realitySection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Within that exclusive group of literary characters who have survived through the centuries—from Hamlet to Huckleberry Finn---few can rival the cultural impact of Sherlock Holmes. Since his first public appearance 20 years ago, the gentleman with the curved pipe and a taste for cocaine, the master of deductive reasoning and elaborate disguise, has left his mark everywhere--in crime literature, film and television, cartoons and comic books.At Holmes’ side, of course, was his trusted friend Dr. Watson. Looming even larger, however, was another doctor, one whose medical practice was so slow it allowed him plenty of time to pursue his literary ambition. His name: Arthur Conan Doyle. As the creator of these fictional icons, Conan Doyle has himself become the object of countless critical studies, biographies and fan clubs.Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in 1859, into a respectable middle-class Catholic family. Still, it was far from an easy life. There was never enough money; they moved frequently in search of lower rents; and his father, a civil servant and illustrator was an alcoholic who had to be institutionalized. Y et the early letters he wrote to his mother are surprisingly optimistic, concerned mainly with food, clothes, allowances and schoolwork. At 14 came his first unforgettable visit to London, including Madame Tussaud’s, where he was "delighted with the room of Horrors, and the images of the murderers."A superb student, Conan Doyle went on to medical school, where he was attracted by Dr. Joseph Bell, a professor with an incredible ability to diagnose patients even before they opened their mouths. For a time he worked as Bell’s outpatient clerk and would watch, amazed, at how the location of a callus (老茧) could reveal a man’s profession, or how a quick look at a skin rash told Bell that the patient had once rived in Bermuda. I n 1886, Conan Doyle outlined his first novel, A Study in Scarlet, which he described as "a simple tale of mystery to make a little extra money." Its main character, initially called Sherringford Hope and later called Sherlock Holmes, was based largely onB ell. But Holmes’ first appearance went almost unnoticed, and the struggling doctor devoted nearly all of his spare time to writing long historical novels in the style of Sir Walter Scott―novels that he was convinced would make his reputation. It wasn’t to be. In 1888, Holmes reappeared in A Scandal in Bohemia, a short story in Strand Magazine. And this time, its hero took an immediate hit and Conan Doyle’s life would never be the same.56. The typical features of Sherlock Holmes were all EXCEPT ____.A. rationalB. sociableC. intelligentD. tricky57. Which of the following is NOT true about Conan Doyle and his family?A. He came from a middle-class family.B. They led a hard life in Edinburgh.C. His father was addicted to drinking.D. His mother had received little education.58. How did Conan Doyle feel about his first visit to London?A. It was horribleB. It was pleasantC. It was awfulD. It was memorable59. We can infer from the last paragraph that ____.A. the more calluses a person has, the more professional he would beB. writers often base their writing on personal experiencesC. Conan Doyle has gone through a period of hardship on his way to successD. inspiration was very important for a person to create something60. Which of the following four applicants is more likely to be recruited?A. A college graduate now working in a hospital specializing in cancer treatments.B. A student studying in the Universities de Montreal.C. An undergraduate majoring in clinical medicine.D. A postgraduate fascinated with cancer treatment.61. According to the recruitment notice, which of the following is not true?A. applicants invited to the event can stay in a hotel for 4 nights free of charge.B. during the four days, every applicant will have an individual interview.C. all the activities during the four days are aimed for the participants to know more about IRIC.D. applicants must send applications before March the 12th, 2018, 5 p.m.62. Where can we find the recruitment notice?A. In the university newspaperB. On the university websiteC. In the classified ads section of a local newspaperD. In a book on immunology and cancer（C）Stratford-on-A von, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the A von. And there are the townsfolk who largely live on the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and other sights.The honorable residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC claims, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because the y spend the night cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are S tratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)―lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.63. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ____.A. the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the two branches of the RSC are not on good termsD. the townsfolk earn little from tourism64. By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”（the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4），the author implies that_______.A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid65. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because _______.A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableD. the theatre attendance is on the rise66. From the text we can conclude that the author ______.A. is supportive of both sidesB. favors the townsfolk’s viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympathetic to the RSCSection CDirections：Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A Big Meal to Beat Jet LagBefore a long-distance air trip, we’ve always felt guilty for enjoying a big meal in departure lounges, especially in the middle of the night. ___67___It has long been known that darkness makes the body feel sleepy by sending signals to a central“pacemaker”in our brain. And in the same way, natural light makes us feel more awake.___68___ Besides, they found insulin（胰岛素）could kick-start the tiny sleep patterns within each cell and encourage our bodies to change the time at which we want to fall asleep.According to a recent study conducted by a group of researchers at Y amaguchi University in Japan, foods which kick-start a big release of insulin can be crucial to resetting our body clock when our natural cycle is disturbed.___69___ Researchers found that insulin was released when the mice ate food high in sugar and starch, and it had an effect on the cells’ biological clock.Dr. Makoto Akashi, the leading researcher of the study, said,“___70___ For example, for jet lag, dinner should be enriched with ingredients promoting insulin release, which might bring forward our biological clock.”But the researcher also added that breaking our natural sleep patterns might carry a significant risk of diseases like diabetes, sleep disorders and cancer.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Job Discrimination against Women in ChinaNowadays, more and more women have walked out of kitchen and become career women instead of housewives. With the increase in the employment ratio of women in society, some subtle forms of job discrimination do exist.To begin with, quite a lot of companies intentionally control the number of female employees when they advertise for staff in the newspaper. Therefore, it is rather difficult for women, even with a master degree, to get well-paid jobs. Some enterprises definitely refuse female applicants, either to avoid their maternity leaves stipulated（规定）by our government when they give birth to a child, or becau se of the employers’ prejudice against women. Some bosses think women are inferior to men in professional skill and spirit of enterprise.Some companies do employ women staff, but inequality is always there like an increasable spot. Even when men and women are in the same position doing the same job, it is no easy task for a woman to be promoted or get equal pay. The employers take the biased attitude toward female employees, and usually think that a man is more capable than a woman. Sometimes they fire a woman without any good reason.In china, there is a saying“Women hold half of the sky”. But women are not given enough respect they deserve in their career. Since men and women are together playing the same important role in our whole society, our government, as well as the society, should take efficient measures to provide the same job opportunities to women. And the women themselves should enhance their work ethic and awareness of self-reliance and self-protection. In this way, more and more women can be motivated to work well at their favourite job and promoted to their desirable positions. Only in this way, can our society be called an equal, open and just one for everyone.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 学业有成并不等同于未来事业有成。