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必修3Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家2．system n．系统；体系；制度3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的5．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛7．unlike prep.不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜欢8．presence n．出席；到场；存在→present adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予9．harmful adj.有害的；伤害的→harm n．危害，害处→harmless adj.无害的10．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n．存在，生存11．puzzle n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的12．gravity n．万有引力；重力13．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星14．climate n．气候15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船16．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力17．float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物18．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众●重点短语1．in time 及时；终于2．lay eggs 下蛋3．give birth to产生；分娩4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着5．prevent...from 阻止；制止6．block out挡住(光线)7．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋8．now that 既然9．break out突发；爆发10．watch out密切注视；当心；提防11．cool down 冷却12．as well as 也；还有……13．depend on依靠；依赖，取决于14．get close to 靠近●重点句型1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。
2021年高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofstars话题（含解析）新人教版必修3A website that provides price comparisons for flights, hotels and car hire acrossthe globe has made some boldpredictions for what travel willlook like in a decade from now.Perhaps the most mouthwateringdestination for 2024holidaymakers will be a trip to the Moon or a stay in space. The site Skyscanner has just released a report of what holidays in the not-too-distant future might look like. The report is titled ＂The Future of Travel 2024＂ and outlines a whole series of previously unimaginable vacation choices for the thrill-seeking traveller and those who just want to get there more quickly. The report is a result of the collaboration between travel experts and international technology experts.z&xxk一个提供全球机票、酒店和租车服务的比价的网站大胆推测了十年之后旅行会是什么模样。
也许2024年的时候，最令游客垂涎的目的地将会是月球或太空。
Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsWhat many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (教材P26) 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
(1)be harmful to 对……有害(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ harm n .[U]& vt .伤害；损害do harm to/do…harm对……有害There is no harm in doing sth/It does no harm to do sth 做某事没有坏处(3)harmless adj .无害的①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。
②Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health. 由汽车产生的空气污染和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。
③If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling him. 如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。
④The trouble was sparked off by an apparently harmless (harm) phrase. 这场麻烦是由一句明显无恶意的话引起的。
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·衡水中学高三一调)International Studies(BA理学士)Key features●Recognizes the “global community”●Has close connections with practical research●Much of the teaching is done in small discussion groupsAbout the courseThe course focuses on the complex relations between nation states.It will provide more opportunity to study specific issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union，third world debt，local and international disagreement，and the work of international bodies such as the United Nations，the European Union，NATO，and the World Bank.The course applies theories to the working of the international system with close attention to particular countries.It provides students with a better knowledge of ways to solve international problems.Related coursesBA (Hons) Community ManagementBA (Hons) Public Policy and ManagementEmployment possibilitiesInternational organizationsInternational businessEarth Science(BSc文学士)Key features●Based on key courses and the latest research findings●Pays much attention to practical skills●Offers chances for fieldworkAbout the courseThe demand and competition for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind.Graduates in Earth Science will play an important role in meeting this demand，and in how these natural resources will be used.The course covers geography and geology (地质学)．You will carry out fieldwork in the UK and possibly abroad，and in your final year complete a research project in an area of interest to you.Related coursesBSc (Hons) GeographyBSc (Hons) GeologyEmployment possibilitiesMineral，oil，water or other related engineering industries【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars一、刷黑板——词汇全听写先过识记默写关Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．astronomy n．天文学2．astronomer n. 天文学家3．solar adj.太阳的；日光的4．billion pron.&n.& adj.〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿5．carbon n. 碳6．dissolve vt.& vi.溶解；解散7．acid n. 酸[第二屏听写]8．mammal n．哺乳动物9．dioxide n. 二氧化物10．extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的11．lessen vi.& vt.减少；减轻12．weightlessly adv. 失重地13．solar system 太阳系14．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳_[第三屏听写]Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)1．system n．系统；体系；制度2．religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰3．theory n. 学说；理论4．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的5．atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛6．unlike prep. 与……不同；不像7．fundamental adj.基本的；基础的[第四屏听写]8．presence n．出席；到场；存在9．harmful adj.有害的10．chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链11．reaction n. 反应；回应12．multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加13．oxygen n. 氧14．exist vi.存在；生存15．thus adv. 因此；于是[第五屏听写] 16．puzzle n．谜；难题vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难17．biology n. 生物学18．biologist n. 生物学家19．gravity n. 万有引力；重力20．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星21．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的[第六屏听写] 22．physicist n．物理学家23．climate n. 气候24．crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落25．spaceship n. 宇宙飞船26．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力27．float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物[第七屏听写]28．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球29．exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽30．in_time 及时；终于31．lay_eggs 下蛋32．give_birth_to 产生；分娩33．in_one's_turn 轮到某人34．prevent_..._from 阻止；制止[第八屏听写]35．block_out 挡住(光线)36．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋37．now_that 既然38．break_out 突发；爆发39．watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防40．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解二、刷清单——热身自盘点再过基本应用关(一)核心单词阅读单词1.astronomy n．天文学2．astronomer n. 天文学家3．solar adj.太阳的；日光的4．billion pron.&n.& adj.〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿5.carbonn．碳6．dissolve vt.&vi.溶解；解散7．acid n. 酸8．mammal n. 哺乳动物9.dioxiden．二氧化物10．extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的11．lessen vi.& vt.减少；减轻12．weightlesslyadv. 失重地表达单词1.system n．系统；体系；制度2．unlike prep. 与……不同；不像3．fundamental adj.基本的；基础的4．multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加5．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的6．crash vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落7．pull n．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．float vi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮[语境活用]1．A truck went out of control and crashed(碰撞) into the back of a bus.2．Some experts think reading is thefundamental (基本的) skill upon whichschool education depends.3．Those anxious for reform say that thepresent system (系统) is too narrow.4．He found something floating (漂浮) onthe lake，which frightened him.5．If you multiply (乘) two and three,you will get six.(二)常用短语“天哪，〞我大声说，“(既然)重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。
2021版高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars限时规范特训新人教版必修3Ⅰ.阅读明白得ANASA's New Horizons probe (宇宙探测器) flew by Pluto (冥王星) this morning, sending back history's first up－close looks at the vast freezing－cold world. Closest approach came at 7：49 am EDT. To celebrate, NASA gave out the latest photo of Pluto. It showed a reddish world with an amazing heart－shaped feature on its surface.After today's close encounter, all the nine solar system's traditionally recognized planets have now been visited by a spaceship—a huge project begun in 1962 when NASA's Mariner 2 probe flew past Venus, a planet in the solar system. More than 1,200 scientists, NASA guests and important persons, including 200 reporters, watched the flyby live at New Horizons' mission control center.That close encounter has been a long time coming. The $723 million New Horizons mission launched in January 2006 but began taking shape in 1989. “New Horizons is ‘a capstone mission’，” Glen Fountain, mission project manager told Space. com. “It is the first completion of the observations of our solar system. It is giving us a new idea about how we human beings fit into the universe.”“New Horizons faced a crazy number of challenges，” Stern, a driving force behind New Horizons said, “So many people stuck with this for so long. They got knocked down; they stood up. They got knocked down again; they stood up again.”In a coincidence, today's close approach falls on the 50th anniversary of the first flyby of Mars, another planet, which was completed by NASA's Mariner 4 spaceship.There are no longer nine officially recognized planets, of course. The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto as “a dwarf planet” in 2006, in a decision that remains controversial (有争议的) today.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道类文章，要紧讲述了科学家对太阳系行星冥王星的最新探测成果。
高考英语一轮复习 Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars基础梳理训练新人教版必修31．____________ n. 天文学→____________ n．宇航员→____________ n．天文学家2．____________ n. 系统；体系；制度→____________ adj.成体系的；有条理的3．____________ n. 宗教；宗教信仰→____________ adj.宗教的；虔诚的4．____________ n. 学说；理论→____________ adj.理论的；理论上的5．____________ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→____________ adv.强烈地；猛烈地；激烈地→____________ n．暴力；暴力行为6．____________adj. 有害的→____________ n．伤害；损害；危害→____________ vt. 伤害；损害；危害→____________ adj.无害的7．____________ vi. 存在；生存→____________ n．存在；生存；生活(方式)8．____________ n．谜；难题→____________ vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难9．____________ n．生物学→____________ n. 生物学家10．____________ n．物理学家→____________ n．物理学→ ____________ adj.物理的；物理学的11．____________ vi. & vt. 碰撞；坠落12．____________ n. 拉力；牵引力→____________ vt.拉；拖；牵引13．____________ vi. & vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮→____________ n．漂浮物1．Do you think our education ____________(制度) needs improving?2．The discussion has become more and more ____________ (激烈的)．3．Without practice there would be no ____________(理论)．4．They can't ____________(生存) on the money he's making.5．The smell of new bread ____________(漂浮) up from the kitchen.6．Eating too many desserts can be ____________ (有害的) to one's teeth.7．“What happened？” John's mother asked him in a ____________ (温和的) voice.8．His face wore a ____________ (困惑的，迷惑的)expression.9．Most of the evidence had been destroyed.____________ (因此，于是) it was almost impossible to prove him guilty.10．The plane ____________ (坠毁) into the mountain.1．solar ____________ 太阳系2．____________ time 及时；终于3．____________ eggs 下蛋4．give birth ____________ 产生；分娩5．____________ one's turn 轮到某人；接着6．____________ dioxide 二氧化碳7．prevent ...______阻止；制止8．block ____________挡住(光线)9．cheer ____________感到高兴；感到振奋10．____________ that 既然11．break____________ 突发；爆发12．watch ____________密切注视；当心；提防1．They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which ____________ ____________ ____________ the earth's atmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsⅠ.单句语法填空1．I am puzzled(puzzle)by his failure to reply that he hasn't replied to my letter.2．It was said that this was the only copy of the book in existence(exist)．3．As we all know，a bad eating habit is harmful(harm) to one's health.4．Unlike(like)what he said，he didn't carry out his promise.5．As the old saying goes，it is easier to_pull(pull) down than to build up.6．Give Mary a call；she needs cheering up.7．I was warned to watch out for the terrifying dog.8．Last night a fire broke out in the hotel across the street.9．Last night，Mrs.Green had a heart attack.But luckily，the doctor came in time to save her life.10．Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in its turn.Ⅱ.完成句子1．如今，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。
These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing_serious_harm_to_life_and_the_environment.2．很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。
There_existed_huge_animals_on the earth a long time ago.3．她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。
The_puzzled_look_on_her_face suggested she didn't understand what I said.4．相信他会及时到达。
He is believed to arrive in_time.5．他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。
They made_it_clear_to_the_public_that they did an important and necessary job.Ⅲ.阅读理解AThe International Children's Wildlife Photography Competition is organized every year by the United Nations Environment Programme and the Foundation for Global Peace and Environment.It has been held since 1991 and has received more than 3 million entries from children in over 100 countries.It is open to photographers from any country in the world.Theme：“Wildlife And Environment”After the competition，the photos will be used to raise environmental awareness through exhibition，websites，posters，publications etc.and to raise funds to further promote environmental activities by children.Eligibility(资格)：Children between the ages of 6 and 14 can enter the competition.Only the hard copies of photos will be accepted.The full name，age，and full address including phone number and email must be on the back of the photos.Email：Childrencompetition@Telephone：4403218356Limit：There is no limitation of how many photos one can submit (提交)．Entry Fee：￡10Prizes：Cash prize of ￡5,000 for the championThe winning photographs will be included in a touring exhibition across the UK and an excellent coffee table book，published by AA Publishing.During September 2016 the winners will be announced at the awards ceremony in London.Image requirements：The photos should be no more than 1024 pixels(像素)along the longest side.All those on the shortlist will be contacted and will then have about 12 days to supply a highresolution (高分辨率的) file.Photos of family pets and farm animals are not eligible，nor are wildlife photographs published in newspapers and magazines.Copyright(版权): Note that by entering the competition，you have given the copyright of your photograph(s) to the organizers.The photograph(s) will not be returned.【答案速查】1－4 ACBC【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。
介绍了国际儿童野生动物摄影比赛的主题、参赛资格、入场费、奖项、照片的版权等问题。
1．What do you know about the competition?A．It is a worldwide competition.B．It is organized by the United States.C．It has been held every other year since 1991.D．Three million children took part in the competition in 1991.【解析】细节理解题。
根据第一段“It is open to photographers from any country in the world.”可知，这个比赛面向来自世界上任何一个国家的摄影师。
由此可知，这是一个世界范围的比赛。
【答案】 A2．How will the photos be dealt with after the competition?A．They will be sold to collect money for environmental protection.B．They will be kept in museums and not shown to any person.C．They will be used to improve people's environmental awareness.D．They will be given back to the participants.【解析】细节理解题。
根据Theme一项中的说明“After the competition，the photos will be used to raise environmental awareness through exhibition，websites，posters，publications etc.and to raise funds to further promote environmental activities by children.”可知，比赛之后，这些照片将会通过展览、网络、海报、出版物等形式来提高人们的环保意识并筹集资金进一步推广由孩子们组织的环保活动。
【答案】 C3．It can be known from the passage that ________.A．only primary school students are eligible for the competitionB．each participant can submit more than one photoC．personal information is not required in the competitionD．winners in the competition will receive $5,000【解析】推理判断题。
根据Limit一项中的说明“There is no limitation of how many photos one can submit(提交)．”可知，这次比赛对于每个选手提交的参赛照片的数量没有限制。
由此推知，每个选手可以提交不止一张照片。
【答案】 B4．Which of the following photos has the eligibility for the competition?A．A published photo of tigers.B．A photo of a lovely pet dog.C．A photo of a wild elephant.D．A photo of a milk cow.【解析】推理判断题。
