passage 阅读

关于日常生活的英语阅读理解Passage 1:Title: The Importance of BreakfastIt's no secret that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Eating a healthy breakfast can give you the energy and nutrients you need to start your day off right. A good breakfast can help you maintain a healthy weight, improve your concentration and mental performance, and reduce your risk of chronic diseases. So, next time you're wondering what to have for breakfast, opt for a balanced meal that includes whole grains, protein, and fruit.Passage 2:Title: The Benefits of ExerciseExercise is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health. Regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health, strengthen muscles, reduce stress levels, and boost mood and self-esteem. It can also help with weight loss or maintenance, and prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes and arthritis. The key is to find an exercise that you enjoy and can stick with over the long term. Whether it's running, cycling, or yoga, just make sure to get moving!Passage 3:Title: The Benefits of SleepSleep is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health. Lack of sleep can lead to fatigue, stress, and a weakened immune system. It can also affect cognitive function, memory, and concentration. On the other hand, getting enough sleep can improve these functions and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. So, make sure to aim for 7-9 hours of uninterrupted sleep every night for optimal health and well-being.Passage 4:Title: The Importance of HydrationWater is essential for maintaining good health and proper body function. It's important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Water helps regulate body temperature, transport nutrients, and remove waste. It also keeps your skin healthy and your joints lubricated. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, headaches, and other health issues, so make sure to stay well-hydrated all day long.。

2021年托福阅读PASSAGE 100试题及答案PASSAGE 100Of all modern instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consists in essence of a hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck, covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of design, shape, and decoration is no accident: the proportions of the instrument are determined almost entirely by acoustical considerations. Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are involved in the construction of a violin. Its tone and its outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important, however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument. In combination with the larger and deeper-sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra. The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600's, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras. Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vingt-quatre violins du Roy (The King's 24 Violins), which was to become widely famous later in the century.In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings were thick and were attached to the body of the instrument very loosely. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, exciting technical changes were inspired by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the violin's internal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain. Accordingly, a higher standard of performance was achieved, in terms of both facility and interpretation. Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.1. The word "standard" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) practical(B) customary(C) possible(D) unusual2. "The King's 24 Violins" is mentioned in line 15 to illustrate(A) how the violin became a renowned instrument(B) the competition in the 1600's between French and Italian orchestras(C) the superiority of French violins(D) why the violin was considered the only instrument suitable to be played by royalty3. What is the main idea presented in paragraph 3?(A) The violin has been modified to fit its evolving musical functions.(B) The violin is probably the best known and most widely distributed musical instrument in the world.(C) The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.(D) The technique of playing the violin has remained essentially the same since the 1600's.4. The author mentions Vivaldi and Tartini in line 19 as examples of composers whose music(A) inspired more people to play the violin(B) had to be adapted to the violin(C) demanded more sophisticated violins(D) could be played only by their students5. The word "they" in line 22 refers to(A) Civaldi and Tartini(B) thinner strings and a higher string tension(C) small changes(D) internal structure and fingerboard6. The word "strain" in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) struggle(B) strength(C) strategy(D) stress7. The word "Accordingly" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) However(B) Consequently(C) Nevertheless(D) Ultimately8. According to the passage , early violins were different from modern violins in that early violins(A) were heavier(B) broke down more easily(C) produced softer tones(D) were easier to play9. According to the passage , which of the following contributes to a dull sound being produced by a violin?(A) A long fingerboard(B) A small body(C) High string tension(D) Thick strings10. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) resonator (line 2)(B) solo (line 7)(C) left-hand technique (line 25)(D) fingering patterns (lines 24-25)11. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to the ability to play modern violin music EXCEPT(A) more complicated techniques for the left hand(B) different ways to use the fingers to play very high notes(C) use of rare wood for the fingerboard and neck(D) minor alterations to the structure of the instrumentANSWER KEYSPASSAGE 100 BAACD DBCAA C。

大学英语阅读三级PassageThe secret of being born lucky is a summer birthday, with May babies most likely to enjoy a lifetime’s good fortune, according to a study of more than 40,000 people. The time of year at which you are born has an enduring influence on levels of optimism and self-reported luck, according to research by British and Swedish scientists. May was the luckiest month in which to be born, with 50 per cent of those born then considering themselves lucky, while October was the least lucky month, with just 43 percent claiming good fortune.The findings add to growing evidence that the phenomenon of luck is not all down to chance, but is affected by a person’ s general disposition.Other research has shown that whether people think themselves fortunate depends less on objective success than on having a “glass half-full” or “half-empty” approach to life. “What we are seeing suggests that something is influencing how people perceive their luckiness. My hypothesis is that people create their own luck by traits such as optimism, that luck is a psychological phenomenon rather than a matter of blind chance,” said Professor Richard Wise man, who led the research.The pattern of the results, with those born in spring and summer reporting themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter, could have two potential explanations, Professor Wiseman said.1. According to the passage, whether people think themselves lucky not depends on the following factors EXCEPT ______A) one’s objective success B) one’s general dispositionC) one’s attitude to life D) one’s place of birth2. According to the passage, those who were born in _______ regard themselves as the most fortunate.A) March B) April C) May D) October3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) Optimistic people tend to be luckier.B) Devoted people tend to be luckier.C) Objective success is more important than one’s general disposition in feeling lucky.D) People drinking more water tend to be luckier.4. Which of the following words can best replace the word “trait”(Line 8, Para.2)?A) quality. B) expectation. C) belief. D) idea.is the best title for the passage?A) Luck is Something Born.B) Luck is Not All Down to Chance.C) Luck is A Matter of Blind Chance.D) Luck and Age.Passage 2Researchers say most of us make instant judgement about a person on the basis of how they look. They say facial features can determine whether we like or trust someone. It may even influence how we vote.“Over the years, we have found that facial features affect the way many of us perceive others,” says Elisabeth Cornwell, a psychology researcher at the university’s Perception Laboratory. Studies suggest that people are less likely to trust those with particularly masculine features, such as a square jaw, small eyesor big nose. “They are perceived as dominant and less trustworthy,” says Ms Cornwell. “It doesn’t mean that men who look more masculine are less trustworthy—It’s just our first impressions. “ Those with less masculine features—larger eyes, a smaller nose and thinner lips—are deemed to be more trustworthy. “We are very good at processing these features quickly,” says Ms Cornwell.The researchers are putting their science to the test at the Royal society’s annual summer exhibition in London. They have subtly manipulated the faces of Prime Minister T ony Blair, Conservative leader Michael Howard and Liberal Democrat leader Charles Kennedy accentuating their dominant and tru stworthy features respectively. “We have u sed a computer programme to change the shape of their face and features. We hope it will help people to understand our work.” So should we expect to see Tony Blair, Michael Howard and Charles Kennedy at the exhibi tion getting tips? “I don’t think it’s something they will want to try,” says Ms Cornwell. “It’s not really possible with television. We all know what they look like. I think they would be naive to try it.”1. Why are people less likely to trust those with particularly masculine features?A) Because they are bad-tempered.B) Because they are perceived as dominant and less trustworthy.C) Because they are perceived as tricky.D) Because they are more stubborn.2. According to the passage, which of the following is perceived as a g masculine feature?A) Larger eyes. B) A square jaw.C) A smaller nose. D) Thinner lips.3. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Most of us tend to judge people by how they look.B) Some studies show that people with particular masculine features are more dominant.C) A candidate with less masculine features is more likely to win a vote.D) Most of us are with masculine features.4. Why will Tony Blair not want to change his facial features according to the passage?A) Because he is so popular that everyone knows what he looks like.B) Because he does not want to get tips.C) Because he has great confidence in his looks.D) Because he is very naive.5.. What is the best title for the passage?A) Facial Features.B) How People Perceive Others.C) Facial Features Are Everything.D) How Facial Features Affect One’s First Impression.Passage 3British university entrants expect to be provided with washing machines and dryers in their rooms, and even car parking spaces, a survey has found. Students are also less prepared to tolerate poor quality living conditions than their predecessors, says the survey by British polling organization Mori.More than 1,000 full-time undergraduates and postgraduates from 21 universities across the UK were surveyed for the research. It shows that location is the key factor in choosing accommodation for students—nearly half of thoseinterviewed said that being close to their place of study was the most important factor in their choice. Cost came second, with evidence that many parents foot the bills for their children’s rent. The survey also shows that students are no longer prepared to carry bags of washing to the nearest launderette. These newcomers expect washers and dryers to be provided with their ac commodation. The study also highlights those things today’s students expect as standard—communal areas to be cleaned regularly, utility bills to be included, even private car parking space to be included.Separate findings from the UK’s National Union of S tudents published earlier this year show more than half of students in private rented accommodation are living in unsatisfactory conditions.1. Who are the subjects of the survey?A) Some oversea students in U. K.B) Some undergraduates and postgraduates in U. K. universities.C) Some graduates in U. K. universities.D) Some British students in other countries.2. What kind of accommodation is the most attractive to students according to the survey by British polling organization Mori?A) An apartment near their universities.B) A cheap house far way from their universities.C) An apartment with car parking space.D) An apartment with washing machines.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) The survey described in the passage is conducted by UK‘ s National Union ofStudents.B) Most of the subjects are from universities in London.C) Most college students pay the rent by themselves.D) Students think that communal areas should be cleaned regularly by cleaners rather than themselves.4. According to the passage, the choice of accommodation is influenced by the following factors EXCEPT ______.A) convenience B) comfortC) low rents D) weather5. What does the survey indicate?A) U. K. university students are increasingly satisfied with their living conditions.B) U. K. university students are less and less energetic.C) U. K. university students demand higher qualities of their living conditions.D) U. K. university students pay less and less attention to their studies. Passage 4The former first lady and now New York Senator, Hillary Rodham Clinton, has written a book about her eight years in the White House. It is being released with a great deal of public fanfare. The book reveals details about the notorious Monica Lewinsky scandal involving her husband, President Clinton.In Living History, the wife of former President Clinton recounts the moment when Mr. Clinton informed her that he had, fact, had what he called “a relationship that was not appropriate” with Miss Lewins ky, then a White House intern. She writes, “I’ could hardly breathe. Gulping for air, I started crying and yelling at him. What do you mean? What are you saying? Why did you lie to me? I was furious and getting more so by the second. Hejust stood th ere s aying over and over again, I’m sorry. I’m so sorry. I was trying to protect you and Chelsea, referring to their daughter.”Mrs. Clinton says she hopes that people will read the book for more than intimate details of her troubled marriage. “It’ s a pretty lo ng book, and it’s about my life, and it’s about all of the issues that I’ve worked on, particularly on behalf of women and children, and things that I’ ye cared about literally since I was a little girl,” she said. “I think it will give people more insight and, perhaps, answer questions. It’s also my story.”Publisher Simon & Schuster paid Senator Clinton $ 8 million for the 560-page book, and has ordered an unusually large first printing of one-million copies. Publishing rights to the book already have been sold in 16 countries.1. What appeals to the readers most in the book Living History according to the passage?A) Hilary’s eight years in the White House.B) Hilary’s troubled marriage.C) The issues that Hilary have worked on.D) Hilary’s life as a sena tor.2. The word “notorious” (Line 4, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to______.A) well-known B) unheard-ofC) surprising D) amusing3. Which of the following can best describe Hilary’s reaction when Mr. Clinton told her his inappropriate relationship with Miss Lewinsky?A) Indifferent. B) Calm.C) Angry. D) Astonished.4. What is Hilary’s comment on her own book?A) It is more than interesting.B) It can meet the need of people to know about other’ s intim acy.C) It is an academic bookD) The language of the book is beautiful.5. What CANNOT be inferred from the passage?A) Living History is expected to sell well.B) Living History will be published beyond America.C) Mrs. Clinton is well paid for the book Living History.D) Mr. Clinton is a responsible husband.passage 5The human form of mad cow disease, an incurable, brain-wasting illness that’s killed more than 100 people in Britain, has claimed its first Canadian victim. Canadian health officials confirmed Thursday that the unidentified man died sometime this summer. The man, who lived in the western province of Saskatchewan, contracted the disease from eating contaminated meat while traveling in Britain.Dr. Antonio Giulivi, an official with the government agency Health Canada, quickly moved to calm fears by assuring the public the disease had not entered the Canadian food supply.The variant of the cow-killing illness, known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is believed to be caused when ground parts of diseased cattle are mixed into cattle feed and those cows are turned into processed meats for human consumption. Though the disease cannot be confirmed until an autopsy is performed on the dead brain, symptoms of human infection include uncontrolled shaking, dementia and finally paralysis.But while government officials insisted safeguards are in place to keep the disease out of Canadian meat, warnings were issued to 71 patients at the hospital where the infected man wastreated before his illness was identified. Those patients had been treated with the same medical instruments used on the diseased man. Though the instruments were cleaned and disinfected, officials said a theoretical possibility remains that those people could have been infected.News of the death initially sent Canadian restaurant stocks into a tailspin, but most of them recovered by the end of the trading session.1. Where is the Canadian supposed to contact mad cow disease?A) In Saskatchewan. B) In Britain.C) In Canada. D) Not mentioned.2. Which part of the body does the mad cow disease mainly affect?A) Hands. B) Legs.C) Brain. D) Liver.3. Why did the Canadian government issue warnings to 71 patients?A) They ever used the same medical instruments with the first Canadian victim.B) They were intimate relatives of the first Canadian victim.C) They had ever traveled to Britain.D) They were supposed to have contacted mad cow disease.4. What did Health Canada do after the mad cow disease infected a Canadian?A) Health Canada concealed the truth by all means.B) Health Canada tried to remove public fear.C) Health Canada succeeded in curing the victim.D) Health Canada tried to find ways to cure the disease.5. What can be inferred from the passage?A) The news of the mad cow disease death has no effect on Canadian economy.B) We can decide whether a person contract mad cow disease by the symptoms of uncontrolled shaking, dementia and paralysis.C) Some cows in Canada contracted mad cow disease.D) The mad cow disease is not completely known to the scientists yet.Passage 6A United Nations report is sounding an alarm on the state of the earth’s natural resources, in advance of this month’ s U. N. -sponsored sustainable development summit in Johannesburg.The report says sea levels rose and forests were destroyed at unprecedented rates during the last decade. It notes that more than 40 percent of the world’s population—two billion people now face water shortages. And it predicts that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion people over the next 25 years, further environmental stress is expected. . Undersecretary General Nitin Desai says the most important message in the report is that the world’s environmental crises are interrelated. As an example, he cites the “Asian Brown Cloud,” a “poisonous cocktail” of particulate matter, chemicals, and various aerosols currently hanging over a vast area of southeast Asia.“Here you have a situation which arises because of the unsustainable way energy is used in this region, which is leading to these problems which impact on agriculture, on water, on health,” said Mr. Desai. “If you really want to address water, agriculture and health, you have to address energy. You can’t reduce poverty unless you also address land and water. Youcan’t improve children’s hea lth without addressing water and sanitation and air quality.”Mr. Desai, who will lead the Earth Summit, says that governments must form specific partnerships to reduce threats in five areas: water, energy, agriculture, biodiversity and health.1. When is the . report mentioned in the passage released?A) At the sustainable development summit.B) Before the Earth Summit.C) After the sustainable development summit.D) Last year.2. “Asian Brown Cloud” is used as an example to show that ______A) environmental protection needs cooperation.B) Asia is the most polluted area in the world.C) air pollution in Asia is very serious.D) travelers are warned not to visit Asia.3. What results in the problems concerning agriculture, water and health according to the passage?A) The rising sea level.B) The conflicts around the world.C) The improved living standard.D) The unsustainable way energy is used.4. What doe s the word “address” (Line 4, Para. 3) mean?A) Speak to. B) Make a formal speech to.C) Deal with. D) Make use of.5. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Natural resource shortage will be a great problem in the future.B) Poverty can be reduced by increasing production.C) Sustainable development is impossible.D) Southeast Asia is the most polluted area in the world.Passage 7The University of Chicago is a private, nondenominational, coeducational institution of higher learning and research. It is located in the community of Hyde Park—South Ken-wood, a culturally rich and ethnically diverse neighborhood, seven miles south of downtown Chicago.The University was founded by John D. Rockefeller. William Rainey Harper was its first president. Classes began on October 1, 1892, with an enrollment of 594 students and a faculty of 103, including eight former college presidents. In 1930 the undergraduate College and the graduate divisions were created. Such cross-fertilization continues to characterize the University.Candidates for admission to graduate programs in the divisions at the University of Chicago should address their inquiries, including requests for application forms, to the dean of students of the graduate division to which application is being made.An applicant who holds a degree from an accredited institution is considered for admission on the basis of (1) an undergraduate record, (2) a well-organized plan for graduate study, (3) Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and TOEFL scores, where required, and (4) recommendations from three college faculty members acquainted with the character, ability, potential, qualifications, and motivation of he applicant. Persons who have been away from school for several years may submit recommendationsfrom employers, professional associates, or supervisors. Transcripts of all academic work should be submitted with the application if at all possible; the applicant should request eachinstitution attended to provide an official transcript in a settled envelope.I. What can be concluded from the first paragraph?A) Only boys were admitted when the University of Chicago was founded.B) The University of Chicago is mainly financed by the government.C) The University of Chicago is located in the suburb of a city.D) The people of South Kenwood have similar cultural tradition.2. The University of Chicago has long been characterized by _____A) its cross-fertilization B) its long historyC) its excellent teaching staff D) its beautiful campus3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) The founder of the University of Chicago is also its first president.B) The University of Chicago began to enroll graduates since its foundation.C) Some of its first graduates or teachers became the presidents of its several colleges.D) The University of Chicago has always been reluctant to enroll students from other universities in its graduate programs.4. To whom should the application form for the admission to the graduate programs of the University of Chicago be addressed?A) The dean of students of its graduate division.B) The president of the university.C) The concerning professor.D) Any teachers in the university5. What is NOT a requirement for a graduate who wants to be admitted in the graduate programs in the University of Chicago?A) An undergraduate record. B) GRE scores.C) A detailed plan for graduate study. D) A national examination.Passage 8Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two- year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were complete contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others. The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless“virtual”communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.“But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology per se ; it’s about how it is used,” says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s sponsors. “It reallypo ints he need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”1. The word “well-being” (Line 1, Para. 1) is c losest in meaning toA) trouble B) health C) depression D) excitement2. What is the intended conclusion of the research conducted by Carnegie?A) Internet use may lead to mental dissatisfaction.B) Internet use is sure to cause a decline in mental well-being.C) People who spend just a few hours on the Internet will be happier.D) People who use TV are less socially healthier than those who use the Internet.3. Which of the following CANNOT explain the result of the research according to the passage?A) Internet users may spend less time with their family and friends.B) The “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying.C) Internet users may be less satisfied with their lives.D) Internet users make too many friends through the Internet.4. What lessons may be drawn from the result of the research?A) We should not have developed the Internet technology.B) We should change the way we use the Internet.C) We need Internet technology very much.D) TV is more useful than the Internet.5. What is the best title for the passage?A) The Popularity of Internet Use.B) The History of Internet Use.C) The Harm of Internet Use.D) The Fast Development of Internet Use.Passage 9The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. The cause of the term “computer virus” is the likeness between the biolo gical virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction The Adolescence of P-1written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching a copy of themselves to another program.Once attached to me host Program, the viruses then look for other programs to“infect”. In this way, the virus can spre ad quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system. At some point, determined by how the virus was programmed the virus attacks. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. So-called “benign”viruses might simply display a message, like the one tha t infected IBM’s main computer system last Christmas with a season’s greeting. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk.1. What results in the wide spread of computer viruses according to the passage?A) The overgrowth of computer.B) The likeness between the biological virus and evil program.C) The American science fiction The Adolescence of P-ID) The weak management of the government.2. What is computer virus in fact?A) A kind of biological virus.B) A kind of evil program.C) A kind of biological worm.D) Something that only exists in the fictions.3. What usually determines the variety of the virus attacks?A) The time the attack is made.B) The presence of a particular file.C) The security privilege level of the user.D) The different ways the virus was programmed.4. What is the harm of “benign” viruses according to the passage?A) “Benign” virus might wipe out data from the computer.B) “Benign” virus might de lete files.C) “Benign” virus might display a message.D) “Benign” virus might format the hard disk.5. Where does the term “computer virus” come from?A) It comes from a play.B ) It comes from a computer game.C) It comes from a science fiction.D) It comes from a news report.Passage 10Fast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a high in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things andspend more, analysts say.Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonald’s to attract customers with a 55cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. 0’ Pepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant divi sion that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC. “It’s becoming harder a nd harder for these firms to grow,” said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. “I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation point becaus e of the number of competitors and the number of outlets.”Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 per cent in 1996, according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is a far cry from the levels of the 1970s and1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 per cent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 per cent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997.1. According to the passage, the following factors EXCEPT _____ lead to the slower growth of fast food industry.A) the tough competitionB) a richer populationC) the saturation of marketD) the lower quality of fast food2. Which of the following signs does NOT show that fast food industry is experiencinga hard time?A) Price-cutting by industry leaders.B) The leading role of fast food in the market of take-home foodC) The selling of KFC.D) The pulling out of some fast food restaurant.3. Who is a strong competitor to fast-food restaurants in the market take-home food according to the passage?A) Supermarkets. B) Chinese restaurants. C) Hotels. D) Groceries.4. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Fast-food restaurant revenues are declining.B) Fast food is very popular in the 1970s and the 1980s.C) The baby boom generation has never liked fast food.D) Rich people like fast food more.5. What is the passage mainly concerned about?A) The popularity of fast food.B) The disadvantage of fast food.C) The troubles of fast food.D) The advantages of fast food.。

文章题目：xxx英语四级阅读原文正文：1. 以下是xxx英语四级阅读原文，原文共计3000字，由4篇短文组成。

2. Passage 1：昨天我们看到了一年一度的全球气候变化大会从卡塔尔多哈落下帷幕。

与会代表各抒己见，但最终未能就减少碳排放达成共识。

作为世界上最大的温室气体排放国之一，我国的立场备受关注。

我国政府一再重申，全球减排的目标需要“公平、合理和有担当”。

不过，美国方面则指责我国对环保问题的不作为，认为我国应当承担更多的责任。

这次会议虽然未能取得实质性的进展，但各国对话的开展本身也是积极的信号。

3. Passage 2：人口老龄化问题日益严峻，已成为世界各国的共同挑战。

据统计，到2050年，全球60岁以上的老年人口将占总人口的三分之一。

这一现象对社会福利和医疗资源提出了前所未有的挑战。

许多国家都在积极采取措施，推动老年人的长期护理和社会融合，但目前还未形成一套全球性的解决方案。

国际社会应当加强合作，共同应对人口老龄化所带来的各种问题。

4. Passage 3：互联网在当今社会中扮演了不可或缺的角色，但其安全问题也日益凸显。

近年来，网络犯罪频频发生，个人隐私被泄露的事例也不在少数。

虚假信息和网络诈骗现象层出不穷，给互联网用户的正常生活和工作带来了极大的困扰。

各国应当共同努力，加强网络安全，维护公民的合法权益。

5. Passage 4：贸易保护主义的抬头给国际贸易带来了巨大的不确定性。

近年来，一些国家采取了一系列贸易限制措施，不断挑起贸易摩擦，导致全球贸易体系遭受重创。

保护主义的兴起不仅损害了各国的经济利益，也对全球经济的增长造成了严重威胁。

各国应当携手合作，反对贸易保护主义，维护自由、开放的国际贸易环境。

结尾：本次阅读原文从全球气候变化、人口老龄化、网络安全和国际贸易保护主义等多个方面展示了当前国际社会面临的重要挑战和问题。

面对这些挑战，各国应当加强合作，共同应对，共同推动全球发展和稳定。

希望通过本次英语四级阅读，同学们可以更深入地了解当今国际社会的现状和问题，为未来的学习和研究提供参考。

Passage1451.题干：What does the author say companies should do in the context of remote work?题干翻译：作者认为公司在远程工作环境下应该做什么？抄写定位句：Organizations should reconsider the appropriateness of their performance evaluation procedures in light of the shift to remote work.翻译定位句：各组织应根据向远程办公的转变，重新考虑其绩效评估程序是否合适。

抄写正选：A)Reform performance evaluation.翻译正选：绩效评估改革。

正选解析：根据题干关键词companies should do定位在文章中首段。

原文在远程办公形式的转变下，要reconsider重新考虑performance evaluation procedures绩效评估程序，既然要重新考虑那就说明现行的评估程序是不适用的，因此A选项的Reform performance evaluation绩效评估改革，为本题的正确选项。

同义替换：reconsider the appropriateness重新考虑是否合适就说明是不合适需要reform改革。

错选排除：B选项的the organizational fundamentals组织的基本原则，C选项的对员工行为的影响，D选项的两种办公方式的差异，在原文中均无对应，故排除。

52.题干：What should be prioritized in assessing employees’remote work?题干翻译：在评估员工的远程工作时，应优先考虑什么？抄写定位句：This means that work should be measured in terms of the quality of the work,not just the quality of the process.翻译定位句：这意味着，工作应该根据工作质量来衡量，而不仅仅是流程的质量。

初一英语阅读理解5篇Passage 1: The Importance of Breakfast.Breakfast is often said to be the most important meal of the day. This is because it provides the body with the energy and nutrients needed to start the day. Skipping breakfast can lead to decreased concentration and energy levels, affecting both academic and athletic performance. It is recommended that students eat a balanced breakfast that includes protein, carbohydrates, and fats to ensure a healthy start to the day.Questions:1. Why is breakfast considered the most important meal of the day?2. What are the effects of skipping breakfast on a student's performance?3. List two types of nutrients that should be included in a balanced breakfast.Passage 2: The Benefits of Reading.Reading is a great way to improve vocabulary, comprehension skills, and writing abilities. It exposes us to new ideas, cultures, and perspectives, broadening our horizons. Regular reading also helps to reduce stress and improve mood. Whether it's a novel, a newspaper, or a scientific article, there is always something to learn from reading.Questions:1. List three benefits of reading mentioned in the passage.2. How does reading help to broaden one's horizons?3. According to the passage, what kind of material can be learned from through reading?Passage 3: The Magic of Friendship.Friendship is a bond that can last a lifetime. Itbrings joy, support, and understanding to our lives. Having friends who share our interests and values enhances the quality of our social life. Friends are also there to offer advice and a shoulder to lean on during tough times. The magic of friendship lies in its ability to bring people together, creating memories that last forever.Questions:1. What are the three qualities mentioned as benefitsof having friends?2. How do friends support each other during tough times?3. What does the author mean by saying "the magic of friendship lies in its ability to bring people together"?Passage 4: The Importance of Sports.Participating in sports is not only about winning. It is about developing physical fitness, teamwork, discipline, and leadership skills. Sports help to build confidence and character, teaching us how to handle both success and failure gracefully. Regular physical activity through sports also contributes to overall health and well-being.Questions:1. List four benefits of participating in sports according to the passage.2. How do sports help in building character?3. Mention one way in which sports contribute tooverall health and well-being.Passage 5: The Beauty of Nature.Nature is full of wonders that captivate us. From the towering mountains to the vast oceans, nature displays itsbeauty in endless forms. Spending time in nature can have a calming effect on the mind, reducing stress and anxiety. It also provides an opportunity to appreciate the wonders of creation and to connect with our environment.Questions:1. Describe two ways in which nature displays its beauty according to the passage.2. How does spending time in nature help to reduce stress and anxiety?3. What does the author mean by saying "it provides an opportunity to connect with our environment"?---。

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Memphis:United Egypt's First Capital[1]The city of Memphis,located on the Nile near the modern city of Cairo,was founded around 3100 B.C.as the first capital of a recently united Egypt.The choice of Memphis by Egypt's first kings reflects the site's strategic importance.■First,and most obvious,the apex of the Nile River delta was a politically opportune location for the state's administrative center,standing between the united lands of Upper and Lower Egypt and offering ready access to both parts of the country.The older predynastic(pre-3100BC)centers of power,This and Hierakonpolis,were too remote from the vast expanse of the delta,which had been incorporated into the united state.■Only a city within easy reach of both the Nile valley to the south and the more spread out,difficult terrain to the north could provide the necessary political control that the rulers of early dynastic Egypt(roughly 3000-2600 B.C.)required.■[2]The region of Memphis must have also served as an important node for transport and communications,even before the unification of Egypt.The region probably acted as a conduit for much,if not all,of the river-based trade between northern and southern Egypt.■Moreover,commodities(such as wine,precious oils,and metals)imported from the Near East by the royal courts of predynastic Upper Egypt would have been channeled through the Memphis region on their way south.In short,therefore,the site of Memphis offered the rulers of the Early Dynastic Period an ideal location for controlling internal trade within their realm,anessential requirement for a state-directed economy that depended on the movement of goods.[3]Equally important for the national administration was the ability to control communications within Egypt.The Nile provided the easiest and quickest artery of communication,and the national capital was,again,ideally located in this respect.Recent geological surveys of the Memphis region have revealed much about its topography in ancient times.It appears that the location of Memphis may have been even more advantageous for controlling trade,transport,and communications than was previously appreciated.Surveys and drill cores have shown that the level of the Nile floodplain has steadily risen over the last five millenniums.When the floodplain was much lower,as it would have been in predynastic and early dynastic times,the outwash fans(fan-shaped deposits of sediments)of various wadis(stream-beds or channels that carry water only during rainy periods)would have been much more prominent features on the east bank.The fan associated with the Wadi Hof extended a significant way into the Nile floodplain,forming a constriction in the vicinity of Memphis.The valley may have narrowed at this point to a mere three kilometers,making it the ideal place for controlling river traffic.[4]Furthermore,the Memphis region seems to have been favorably located for thecontrol not only of river-based trade but also of desert trade routes.The two outwash fans in the area gave access to the extensive wadi systems of the eastern desert.In predynastic times,the Wadi Digla may have served as a trade route between the Memphis region and the Near East,to judge from the unusual concentration of foreign artifacts found in the predynasticsettlement of Maadi.Access to,and control of,trade routes between Egypt and the Near East seems to have been a preoccupation of Egypt's rulers during the period of state formation.The desire to monopolize foreign trade may have been one of the primary factors behind the political unification of Egypt.The foundation of the national capital at the junction of an important trade route with the Nile valley is not likely to have been accidental.Moreover,the Wadis Hof and Digla provided the Memphis region with accessible desert pasturage.As was the case with the cities of Hierakonpolis and Elkab,the combination within the same area of both desert pasturage and alluvial arable land(land suitable for growing crops)was a particularly attractive one for early settlement;this combination no doubt contributed to the prosperity of the Memphis region from early predynastic times.1.The word"trivial"in the passage is closest in meaning toA.similarB.inaccurateC.smallD.significantParagraph 1 is marked with?答案：C选项正确解析：本题为词汇题，根据所给单词trivial定位到第一段More important than the amount of time Herodotus computed,which turns out to be trivial compared with the age of Earth,was the notion that one could estimate ages of geologic features by determining rates of the processes responsible for such features,and then assuming the rates to be roughly constant overtime.本句大致意思为：与地球的年龄相比，Herodotus这个人计算出来的时间量是trivial的，与其相比更重要的是一个概念，这个概念是一个人可以通过估计相应地理特征的某种过程的速度来估计地理特征的年龄……再以Herodotus为关键词定位这个time是什么，找到本段第三句，发现他是推测Nile Delta花了几千年形成的。

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Extinction Episodes of the Past 【1】It was not until the Cambrian period,beginning about 600 million years ago,that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth and produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall of biodiversity.Since the Cambrian period,biodiversity has generally risen,but there have been some notable exceptions.Biodiversity collapsed dramatically during at least five periods because of mass extinctions around the globe.The five major mass extinctions receive most of the attention,but they are only one end of a spectrum of extinction events.Collectively,more species went extinct during smaller events that were less dramatic but more frequent.The best known of the five major extinction events,the one that saw the demise of the dinosaurs,is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. 【2】Starting about 280 million years ago,reptiles were the dominant large animals in terrestrial environments.In popular language this was the era“when dinosaurs ruled Earth,”when a wide variety of reptile species occupying many ecological niches.However,no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely,and when,after over 200 million years,the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end about 65 million years ago,mammals began to flourish,evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species,including bats and whales,that we know today.Paleontologists label this point in Earth’s history as the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period,often abbreviated as the K-T boundary.This time was also marked by changes in many other types of organisms.Overall,about 38 percent of the families of marine animals were lost,with percentages much higher in some groups Ammonoid mollusks went from being very diverse and abundant to being extinct.An extremely abundant set of planktonic marine animals called foraminifera largely disappeared,although they rebounded later.Among plants,the K-T boundary saw a sharp but brief rise in the abundance of primitive vascular plants such as ferns,club mosses,horsetails,and conifers and other gymnosperms.The number of flowering plants(angiosperms)was reduced at this time,but they then began to increase dramatically. 【3】What caused these changes?For many years scientists assumed that a cooling of the climate was responsible,with dinosaurs being particularly vulnerable because,like modern reptiles,they were ectothermic(dependent on environmental heat,or cold-blooded).It is now widely believed that at least some species of dinosaurs had a metabolic rate high enough for them to be endotherms(animals that maintain a relatively consistent body temperature by generating heat internally).Nevertheless,climatic explanations for the K-T extinction are not really challenged by the ideas that dinosaurs may have been endothermic,because evenendotherms can be affected by a significant change in the climate. 【4】Explanations for the K-T extinction were revolutionized in 1980 when a group of physical scientists led by Luis Alvarez proposed that 65 million years ago Earth was stuck by a 10-kilometer-wide meteorite traveling at 90,000 kilometers per hour.They believed that this impact generated a thick cloud of dust that enveloped Earth,shutting out much of the incoming solar radiation and reducing plant photosynthesis to very low levels.Short-term effects might have included huge tidal waves and extensive fires.In other words,a series of events arising from a single cataclysmic event caused the massive extinctions.Initially,the meteorite theory was based on a single line of evidence.At locations around the globe,geologists had found an unusually high concentration of iridium in the layer of sedimentary rocks that was formed about 65 million years ago.Iridium is an element that is usually uncommon near Earth’s surface,but it is abundant in some meteorites.Therefore,Alvarez and his colleagues concludedthat it was likely that the iridium in sedimentary rocks deposited at the K-T boundary had originated in a giant meteorite or asteroid.Most scientist came to accept the meteorite theory after evidence came to light that a circular formation,180 kilometers in diameter in diameter and centered on the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula,was created by a meteorite impact about 65 million years ago. 1.The word"proliferation"in the passage(paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to A.decline. B.extinction. C.increase. D.migration. 2.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about life on Earth before the Cambrian period? A.Biodiversity levels were steady,as indicated by the fossil record. B.Levels of biodiversity could not be tracked. C.The most dramatic extinction episode occurred. D.Few microscopic species existed. 3.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in importantways or leave out essential information. A.The dominance of dinosaurs came to an end 65 million years ago,at which time mammals began to flourish and diversify. B.Because no group of species can remain dominant forever,mammals became the dominant group when dinosaurs became extinct. C.After being the dominant group for more than 200 million years,the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end 65 million years ago. D.The diverse group of mammals that we know today,including bats and whales,evolved from small terrestrial forms that had been dominated by dinosaurs. 4.According to paragraph 2,why are dinosaurs popularly said to have"ruled Earth"during the Cretaceous period? A.Dinosaurs were the only species of reptile that existed during the whole of the Cretaceous period. B.Dinosaurs won the battle for food resources over mammals during the Cretaceous period. C.Dinosaurs survived extinction during the Cretaceous period,whereas many other animal species did not. D.Dinosaurs were the physically and ecologically dominant animals during the Cretaceous period. 5.According to paragraph 2,which of the following species initially increased in number at the K-T boundary? A.Dinosaurs. B.Foraminifera. C.Ferns. D.Ammonoid mollusks. 6.Why does the author note that"even endotherms can be affected by a significant change in the climate"(paragraph 3)? A.To argue that there was a significant climate at the time that endothermicdinosaurs became extinct. B.To argue that climate change caused some dinosaurs to evolve as endotherms. C.To support the view that at least some of the dinosaurs that became extinct were endotherms. D.To defend climate change as possible explanation for the extinction of dinosaurs. 7.The word"generated"(paragraph 4)in the passage is closest in meaning to A.collected. B.produced. C.spread. D.added. 8.The word"extensive"(paragraph 4)in the passage is closest in meaning to A.widespread. B.sudden. C.numerous. D.subsequent. 9.According to paragraph 4,all of the following contributed to the massive extinctions of the K-T period EXCEPT: A.tidal waves. B.fires. C.insufficient solar radiation. D.iridium. 10.According to paragraph 4,which of the following statements explains the importance of the discovery of high levels of iridium rocks? A.It provided evidence that overexposure to solar radiation led to the K-T extinction. B.It showed that more than one cataclysmic event was responsible for the K-T extinction. C.It suggested that the cause of the K-T extinction may have been a meteorite striking Earth. D.It provided evidence that the K-T extinction occurred 65 million years ago. 11.According to paragraph 4,which of the following is true about the Yucatan Peninsula? A.The circular formation there was caused by a meteorite impact 65 million years ago. B.Sedimentary rocks from that area have the lowest iridium concentration of any rocks on Earth. C.There is evidence that a huge tidal wave occurred there 65 million years ago. D.Evidence found there challenged the meteorite impact theory. 12.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the meteorite theory? A.The data originally presented as evidence for the theory were eventually rejected. B.Many scientists did not accept it when it was first proposed. C.It has not been widely accepted as an explanation for the K-T extinction. D.Alvarez subsequently revised it after a circular formation was found in the Yucatan Peninsula. 13.Look at the four squares[■]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit?This focused on the chemical composition of ancient rocks. Explanations for the K-T extinction were revolutionized in 1980 when a group of physical scientists led by Luis Alvarez proposed that 65 million years ago Earth was stuck by a 10-kilometer-wide meteorite traveling at 90,000 kilometers per hour.Theybelieved that this impact generated a thick cloud of dust that enveloped Earth,shutting out much of the incoming solar radiation and reducing plant photosynthesis to very low levels.Short-term effects might have included huge tidal waves and extensive fires.In other words,a series of events arising from a single cataclysmic event caused the massive extinctions.■【A】Initially,the meteorite theory was based on a single line of evidence.■【B】At locations around the globe,geologists had found an unusually high concentration of iridium in the layer of sedimentary rocks that was formed about 65 million years ago.■【C】Iridium is an element that is usually uncommon near Earth's surface,but it is abundant in some meteorites.■【D】Therefore,Alvarez and his colleagues concluded that it was likely that the iridium in sedimentary rocks deposited at the K-T boundary had originated in a giant meteorite or asteroid.Most scientist came to accept the meteorite theory after evidence came to light that a circular formation,180 kilometers in diameter in diameter and centered on the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula,was created by a meteorite impact about 65 million years ago. 14.Prose Summary The K-T extinction 65 million years ago is the best known of the five major extinction episodes since the Cambrian period. A.Collectively,the five major extinction episodes resulted in the elimination of a larger number of species than did all the minor extinction events. B.The K-T extinction eliminated the dinosaurs and ammonoid mollusks but was followed by the diversification of mammals and gymnospermous plants. C.An extreme cooling of the climate could not have caused the K-T extinction of dinosaurs,because,while most dinosaurs depended on environmental heat,some did not. D.The K-T extinction of the dinosaurs is the only mass extinction that has been explained by the impact of a meteorite. E.In 1980 Luis Alvarez proposed that the K-T extinction was caused by ecological disasters brought about by the impact of a meteorite striking Earth. F.A high concentration of iridium in sedimentary rocks at the K-T boundary and a large impact crater in the Yucatan Peninsula from 65 million years ago strongly support Alvarez'hypothesis. 1.proliferation，繁殖，激增，对应C。

passage在阅读理解中的句子passage在阅读中的意思是：章节、段落的含义。

例如说passage 1就是“第一章节/第一段落”的意思。

passage可作名词和动词，其中文意思除了“章节/段落”以外，还有走廊、通道、行程、通过通道等含义。

一、passage 读音及所有格英式读音：[ˈpæsɪdʒ]美式读音：[ˈpæsɪdʒ]复数：passages二、passage 词性及释义（n.）：通道;走廊;(体内通气、输液等的)管路;章节;段落;乐段等含义；（v.）：通过通道等含义；三、passage 固定搭配first passage 第一自然段Mona Passage 莫纳海峡Passage Brady 布雷迪廊街oil passage 润滑油道Inside Passage内湾航道heat passage传热的通路passage boat小渡船Safe Passage安全通道四、passage 双语例句例句1. The door swung open, disclosing a long dark passage.门开了，露出一条昏暗的长通道。

例句2. He inched his way through the narrow passage.他一点一点地穿过狭窄的通道。

例句3. Read the following passage and answer the questions below.阅读下面这段文章并回答后面的问题。

例句4. A dark narrow passage led to the main hall.一条阴暗狭窄的走廊通向大厅。

例句5. A passage was cleared through the crowd like magic.好像有一股神奇的力量在人群中间开出了一条通道。

例句6. The bill had a difficult passage through Parliament.这项提案费了一番周折才在议会上通过。

Passage 1346.题干：What do we learn from the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics?题干翻译：我们从JIE的研究中得知什么？抄写定位句：Of the teens surveyed, 51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at somepoint on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour.翻译定位句：51%的人说他们曾在考试中故意作弊，但他们并未对自己的作弊行为感到不安。

抄写正选：C) More than half of the interviewees felt no sense of guilt over cheating.翻译正选：超过一半的受访者对作弊没有内疚感。

正选解析：根据题干关键词Josephson Institute of Ethics定位在文章首段。

根据原文51 percent的受访者可以锁定AC选项，原文they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour 他们并没有为自己的行为感到不安，与C选项的felt no sense of guilt over cheating对作弊没有内疚感是同义替换表达，故C选项正确同义替换：51 percent 对应more than half；they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour对应felt no sense of guilt over cheating错选排除：A选项中unaware没有意识到自己在作弊，与原文they had knowingly cheated 他们故意作弊相对立，故排除。

B选项中way of life生活方式在原文无对应，故排除。