Walden (1)

瓦尔登湖(Walden)简介：Walden (first published as Walden; or, Life in the Woods) by Henry David Thoreau is an American classic. The work is part personal declaration of independence, social experiment, voyage of spiritual discovery, and manual for self reliance.Published in 1854, it details Thoreau's sojourn in a cabin near Walden Pond, amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson, near Concord, Massachusetts. However, Emerson's lack of enthusiasm for the project can be seen in this thought delivered during Thoreau's funeral:I so much regret the loss of his rare powers of action, that I cannot help counting it a fault in him that he had no ambition. Wanting this [that is, lacking ambition] instead of engineering for all America, he was the captain of a huckleberry party. Pounding beans is good to the end of pounding empires one of these days; but if, at the end of years, it is still only beans!"Thoreau did not intend to live as a hermit, for he received visitors and returned their visits. Rather, he hoped to isolate himself from society to gain a more objective understanding of it. Simple living and self-sufficiency were Thoreau's other goals, and the whole project was inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, a central theme of the American Romantic Period. As Thoreau made clear in his book, his cabin was not in wilderness but at the edge of town, not far from his family home.瓦尔登湖（Walden; or, Life in the Woods），中国大陆译“瓦尔登湖”，台湾译“湖滨散记”，是美国作家亨利·戴维·梭罗所著的一本著名散文集。

Walden --a book teaching people to enjoy lifeThis is a fresh, healthy, interesting and progressive books, spring, dawn, there are descriptions of the most touching. Here nature gives the clear air without environmental pollution of industrial society. Read it, readers will feel the purity of the soul, the spirit of sublimation。

Book InformationWalden .Henry David Thoreau,author.Princeton University Press, Princeton&Oxford,2004.Special FeaturesWalden opens with a simple announcement that Thoreau spent two years in Walden Pond, near Concord, Massachusetts, living a simple life supported by no one. He says that he now resides among the civilized again; the episode was clearly both experimental and temporary.Walden is a book quietly, very quiet very quiet, not home.It is a lonely book, a book alone.It's just a book one.If your heart is not quiet, I'm afraid it's hard to enter into the book.I want to tell you is that after your heart calm down, you will be thinking about something.When what you think about some questions, you can be with the Mr Henry David Thoreau, together, think about yourself, more thinking about higher principle.Book SummaryWalden (first published as Walden; or,Life in the Woods) by Henry David Thoreau is one of the best-known non-fiction books written by an American. Published in 1854,it details Thoreau's sojourn in a cabin near Walden Pond,amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson,near Concord,Massachusetts. Thoreau lived at Walden for two years,two months,and two days,but Walden was written so that the stay appears to be a year,with expressed seasonal divisions. Thoreau did not intend to live as a hermit,for he received visitors and returned their visits. Instead,he hoped to isolate himself from society in order to gain a more objective understanding of it. Simplicity and self-reliance were Thoreau's other goals,and the whole project was inspired by Transcendentalist philosophy. However the house was not in wilderness but at the edge of town,1.5 miles (2.4 km) from his family home,and his mother cooked him meals and cleaned the house.IntroductionThis is a book of quiet, indifferent, full of wisdom，Analysis of life, critical practices, amazing language , the word flash, maverick, thought provoking.Many page image is depicting, beautiful detail, like lake water pure and transparent, like dense green Woods; also some page argument thoroughly, very insightful, give people enlightenment.Author EvaluationGraduated from Harvard University,Helped Emerson editor review quarterly "halo".Writing with mang political comments,he was opposed to the United States and Mexico's war and supported the abolitionist movement for life time.His thought influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson deeply and advocated that returning to own heart and closing to the nature.Thoreau Known as the creator of the nature of essays ,having created more than twenty essays.The Walden in American literature is acknowledged as the most popular with readers of fiction.Text and Character AnalysisText Analysis:This book is Thoreau Walden Pond in the forest for two years and two months and two days of life and thought on the record, he has his own farm, self-sufficient, though a man away from the society, the seclusion of the wood, but life is everywhere.Walden is a book quietly, very quiet very quiet, not home.It is a lonely book, a book alone.It's just a book one.Some examples are:Character Analysis:Henry David Thoreau - freedom-loving,lonely, independent, lover of solitude and poetic.For example:Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity,and I may say innocence,with Nature herself.My house was on the side of a young forest of pitch pines and hickories,and half a dozen rods from the pond,to which a narrow footpath led down the hill.Angelo a resplendent light appeared over the shadow of his head at morning and evening,whether he was in Italy or France,and it was particularly conspicuous when the grass was moist with dew.“And here a poet builded In the completed year For behold a trivial cabin That to destruction steers.”--------a poet in the WaldenThemeSelf-reliance thus refers not just to paying one’s own bills, but also more philosophically to the way the natural world and humankind rely on the self to exist. This duality explains the connection between Thoreau the accountant and Thoreau the poet, and shows why the man who is so interested in pinching pennies is the same man who exults lyrically over a partridge or a winter sky. They are both products of self-reliance, since the economizing that allows Thoreau to live onWalden Pond also allows him to feel one with nature, to feel as though it is part of his own soul.Simplicity is more than a mode of life for Thoreau; it is a philosophical ideal as well. Another irony of Thoreau’s simplification campaign is that his literary style, while concise, is far from simple. It contains witticisms, double meanings, and puns that are not at all the kind of New England deadpan literalism that might pass for literary simplicity. Despite its minimalist message, Walden is an elevated text that would have been much more accessible to educated city-dwellers than to the predominantly uneducated country-dwellers.Praises Abound for Walden*Walden inspired the 1948 novel Walden Two by psychologist B.F. Skinner.* Walden Three,a non-profit educational foundation that promotes sustainable societies,takes its name from the book.* In the early years of the Doonesbury comic strip,the main characters lived in a commune they named Walden Puddle,a reference to Walden Pond and a note of Thoreau's influence on the student counterculture of the time.*The greatness of the Walden is Thoreau can be achieved through art we are determined to do business. By creating an organic form, he makes his decision to be renewed through conscious effort, he regained a mature tranquil, if that is not the golden age of pure ecstasy.。

瓦尔登湖英文版读后感瓦尔登湖英文版读后感《瓦尔登湖》是美国作家亨利·戴维·梭罗创作的`散文集。

以下是有关它的英文读后感，一起来看看吧！瓦尔登湖英文版读后感【1】Walden is a masterpiece written by Henry David Thoreau （1817-1862）， who was born in Concord, Massachusetts. The age he lived had witnessed the flourish of capitalism as well as the prosperity of industrialization and urbanization. During the 19th century, the American economy developed at so fast rate that most people were bound up in pursuing the material satisfaction , while ingored the spiritual life to a great extent. But Thoreau was quite different from other people, he disdained the modern civilization and attached more importance to the spirit than the material. He thought many people of his time lived in a non-human-like modern society and many modern appliances, such as trains and telegraphs, had done harm to people's harmonious life peace and also broken the relationship between human and nature.In order to prove that without the modern instruments , people can also live a happy life, in 1845, he moved into a cabin on the shore of Walden Pond and live there alone for two years to get close to the nature .Walden, is the famous book mainly talks about his life and thoughts during those days living in the woods .Thoreau was so happy with the life living near the lake of Walden that he felt it a sweet grace to have the nature' accompany and even the sounds of rain and the sights around his house were full of sincere friendship. In his eyes, the naturewas an intimate friend of him and all things in the nature were lively and vivacious. And all kinds of animals in the wood, such as field mouses, robins and wild rabbits were amicably treated and regarded as his adorable companions. He even thought that plants were also had the right to live equal with human beings. Just because of this, he even blamed himself for hitting chestnut trees with stones. From many words or sentences, we can easily feel Thoreau's deep love and care towards nature.Besides, Thoreau was a pioneering nature lover, who called on people to stop destorying nature but protect it by setting himself an example to others. The consciousness of the environmental protection is becoming more and more important in our modern society, while the whole world is trapped in some serious ecological crisises resulting from hunting and killing animals, cutting down trees and polluting the rivers for pursuit of human beings' own interests. We all have the common sense that the number of wildlife is decreasing, the area of lake is shrinking, and the water is not clear any more. What's worse, environment problems such as globe warming, climate change and air and water pollution are deteriorating during the commercial process . So it's high time that we should realize we never be the dominator of the whole world conquring nature, but should spare no efforts to improve the environment right away. That is, we should comply with the natural laws, make reasonable utilization of natural resources and keep the harmonious development between the society and the environment. Only in this way will we has an opportunity to embrace a bright future and achieve a sustainable society .In the book, Walden, Thoreau not only advocated the protection of nature, but also encourage people to comprehendand return to nature. He told us using his own experience that by living a simple life close to nature, we human beings will find out the true value of life and significance of existence.After reading the book, what impressed me most is the description of the fascinating scenery around the Walden pound, especially these sentences: "A lake is the landscape's most beautiful and expressive feature. It is earth's eye; looking into which the beholder measures the depth of his own nature. The fluviatile trees next the shore are the slender eyelashes which fringe it, and the wooded hills and cliffs around are its overhanging brows". To Thoreau, the Walden lake is like a charming and melting girl , who has slender eyelashes and likes to dress herself in different beautiful clothes with the changes of different seasons.Every morning after getting up, Thoreau would have a bath in the Walden lake to start a new day. After that, he used to wander around the pond and refresh himself with the fresh air. In summer days , he cultivated a piece of land and growed beans, blackberries, johnsworts and the like. The depiction of his leisure rurality spontaneously reminds me of Tao Yuanming, the famous Chinese poet, who lived in the Jin Dynasty and made his life meaningful by returning to the nature and perfecting himself. If Thoreau and Tao Yuanming lived in the same period and place, they would probably become best friends.From the book, we know that during the years when Thoreau lived near the Walden, he did not completely isolate himself from the outside world. Sometimes he went to the town and did odd jobs and would receive visitors and friends in his cabin at times. As I mention before, the intention for his living in the woods was that he wanted to teach people how to live a simple life, achieveenjoyment from the nature, free oneself from the strained daily life and what is more important is to reevaluate the value of social life.Thoreau's though of enjoying a simple life has a more realistic significance and have become a valuable spiritual wealth in our modern society. With the development of the material civilization, people's desires are swelling limitlessly and many people are busy with the pursuit of wealth and luxurious life by any means, including at the expense of nature. However, even in the society materially affluent and technologically advanced , people are not be more happier than those people who lived centuries ago, but even feel less satisfactory and complaint more about their present life as a result of having unbounded desires of getting more and better. Therefore, many people who possess a lat have become slaves of machine, working more but do not have the ability to enjoy what they have.In the book Walden, Thoreau had realize this problem several hundreds ago. Thus, he set his mind to give a enlightenment to awake people and encourage them to live a simple life. His thoughts have great similarity with the belief of our Chinese humanism, that is, the meaning of life lies in the sane and healthy enjoyment of a simple life. In fact, Thoreau and his teacher and friend Emerson praised highly on Confucianism and both them benefited a lot from it. I am very happy to see the interlinked place between Chinese culture and western culture.Reading this book is like having a tranquil steam flow through my heart, washing the dust in my mind. It teaches me how to keep a pure spirit in the complex society, set proper goals for my life as well as enjoy the endows of nature. In short, I feel it quite worthwhile to read the book Walden. I sincerely hopemore and more people would like to read this book and receive benefits from it .瓦尔登湖英文版读后感【2】read through some of the more than half of the "walden pond", to be honest look at a lot of paragraphs do not really understand, but say it is fun sections of animals that people read fresh.the first animal is the rooster attention, and that the most common birds, however the author's pen in the air all of a sudden and very poor. thoreau is the author described them this way: the rooster, pheasant was originally, and their chirping is the world's most beautiful music, better than all the other animals, but most of the time to fill the gaps in their voice is their wife - the mother chickens are noisy, it's no wonder that they ultimately can only be the poultry, not to mention what kind of a chicken egg. these words can not help people desperately want to remember the music chenming rooster, the result was a loss, except in writing from the mechanical "oo" sound. as for the hen, they can only remember them after the end of each time it is under the "giggle" to stop the called.walden pond, how can there are so many wild animal? every day it seems that the author and not the name they say hello. are familiar with ant, but where the ants are like the soldiers how to ah, make that an ant war was afraid to read the small bio of contempt. lovely fledgling partridge destitute people, they only obey the instinct of mothers and their own oh, the fullness of their long feathers of the body of small branches and leaves together to maintain the same posture, where to stay motionless, it picked up when a stranger or follow it, it continues to stay as motionless, or take your eyes clean. scary, of course, most divingbirds, and it always sent laugh, when it is from this lake first dive, the observer much hunting or after a lot of fun. what it is, you can go to the bottom of the lake to fish in the bird.after all the human animal is, ah, just high-level animals. the author predicted that the result of human progress must be to give up meat, as the savage to the civilized around after people give up bad habits, like eating. i do not know human beings are not one day give up meat, it is very curious about the rabbit call. in the book, the author said: rabbit to the end, the truth was a child cry. on rabbits, the most profound impression that the tree hit a hare, but there is no written record of our had been a poor hunt rabbits.。

瓦尔登湖读后感英文版WALDEN第一篇：瓦尔登湖读后感英文版WALDENYou Make Me Calm Down In my opinion, you can’t read this book clear if you can’t keep heartsease.As Kung Fu Panda said, you need keep inner peace.Reed this book is read the writer’s life style, it just like you practice Kong Fu;you wouldn’t play it well unless you concentrate on it.Walden is a masterpiece written by Henry David Thoreau（1817-1862），who was born in Concord, Massachusetts.In the Walden, Thoreau not only advocated the protection of nature, but also encourages people to comprehend and return to nature.He told us using his own experience that by living a simple life close to nature, we human beings will find out the true value of life and significance of existence.After reading, what impressed me most are the shocking poets, especially this short poet: “There was a shepherd that did live, And held his thoughts as high As were the mounts whereon his flocks Did hurly feed him by.”He lives in such a liberty life that beyond thought, it just wash, wash his entire mind, it’s the dream that we can’t forget.Thoreau's though of enjoying a simple life has a more realistic significance and have become a valuable spiritual wealth in our modern society.With the development of the material civilization, people's desires are swelling limitlessly and many people are busy with the pursuit of wealth and luxurious life by any means, including at the expense of nature.However, even in the society materially affluent and technologically advanced , people are not be more happier than those people who lived centuries ago, but even feel less satisfactory and complaint moreabout their present life as a result of having unbounded desires of getting more and better.Therefore, many people who possess a lat have become slaves of machine, working more but do not have the ability to enjoy what they have.Reading this book is like having a tranquil steam flow through my heart, washing the dust in my mind.It teaches me how to keep a pure spirit in the complex society, set proper goals for my life as well as enjoy the endows of nature.In short, I feel it quite worthwhile to read the book Walden.I sincerely hope more and more people would like to read this book and receive benefits from it.He attempted to encourage people to simplify the life and spare the time to go deep into the real life.At the same time, he let them enjoy it.He told people not to be confused with complicated life by his own experiences.In the direction of Thoreau, they would not lose a flash of hope or lose their way in life.They should be a rudder of the life thus start on a new journey.He thought that if people were able to set the simple life by universe regulation, it would not arouse many anxieties which disturbed the inner peace of the heart.The so-called tomorrow would not approach in spite of the ending of the time.We regarded a flash of light as darkness.As we were sober, the first light of morning was going to break.He calls on people live a simple life that is in order to make people experience something new instead of saving money.Maybe this is the value of a person.There’s not any pretence, only be surrounded with solitude and quietness.At the shore of Walden, the author exactly chased for depth, rather, it was pursuing the depth.In a lonely state of mind, he thought about the life and explored the real meaning.Solitude inspired his profound thought.“Do not give me love, money or reputation, please give me the truth.” This was what he was calli ng in his heart.Thoughwe can’t live a life in woods around the mountain and Walden has disappeared forever, it’s impossible to hinder us have a Walden of our own.Our heart need being clarified as Thoreau has said that let your spirit set out to explore.However, every one lives in a certain society thereby one's behavior is more or less influenced by forces not of their own making.And to operate normally, every society has its laws, though many times have differences among them.It is true that humanity plays an essential role in ruling individuals' behaviors;yet laws are necessary.Under the control of laws, people who have little individual responsibility would probably not dare to do any crime in fear of law punishment.Besides laws, for example in school, rules are also an important factor as well as individual responsibility.Nowadays, in most universities, a student who does not pass some certain courses in his four years college life would not get his diploma of bachelor's degree.So even if a student does not like his discipline, or dose not care about his GPA, the pressure of graduating forces him not to playing computer or basketball all the time.Read over, although I may not live a life just like Thoreau, I’m really calm down and live a simple life.This, I think, is author’s except for.第二篇：瓦尔登湖英文读后感Closing the white cover of the book ’Walden’, I just quite confused because so many new words that I can’t recognize.With the help of Chinese version downloaded from the internet, after I catch the general idea, a burst of cold water pours into my heart, pure and limpid, clarify my shattered mind without any dirt existing.As some said in preface “Walden is a book with loneness and solitude and a book with a single person.” When your mind is uneasy, you have no need reading the book.Itrequires you to come down and to be at leisure.The book was written in the middle of the 19th century-a period that is a rapid development of capitalism.Under such a background, most people would rather pursue benefits as possible as they can and try every means to obtain higher power and money no matter what it would cost.Industrial civilization and noisy society was gradually corrupting the nature of the humanity.However, at this situation, a illuminati graduating from Harvard University, carried an axe along with his lone single shadow.Then away from the city he ran into the uninhabited Walden at the edge of the mountain forest and settled down over here.He insisted on his own ways with a yearning for nature as well as set out the trace of the soul.At the land of the so-called Walden” drops of god”.He became unperturbed in space，lonely in thought.He quietly uploaded the noise in the city.Then he wrote down the solitude by heart.Every time when people read his book, they definitely will be shocked.He fell into meditating about the life.It made people’s heart become as clear as the pure water.I stand in awe of him, his life turned out to be such simple and meanwhile glamorous.It is rather than momentary but significant.His spiritual world is colorful even exquisite beyond compare.Maybe in the world seldom exist such a sage like him.Throughout Thoreau’s short lifetime, he attempted to encourage people to simplify the life and spare the time to go deep into the real life.At the same time, he let them enjoy it.He told people not to be confused with complicated life by his own experiences.In the direction of Thoreau, they would not lose a flash of hope or lose their way in life.They should be a rudder of the life thus start on a new journey.He thought that if people were able to set the simple life by universe regulation, it would not arouse manyanxieties which disturbed the inner peace of the heart.The so-called tomorrow would not approach in spite of the ending of the time.We regarded a flash of light as darkness.As we were sober, the first light of morning was going to break.He calls on people live a simple life that is in order to make people experience something new instead of saving money.Maybe this is the value of a person.There’s n ot any pretence, only be surrounded with solitude and quietness.At the shore of Walden, the author exactly chased for depth, rather, it was pursuing the depth.In a lonely state of mind, he thought about the life and explored the real meaning.Solitude inspi red his profound thought.“Do not give me love, money or reputation, please give me the truth.” This was what he was calling in his heart.Though we can’t live a life in woods around the mountain and Walden has disappeared forever, it’s impossible to hinder us have a Walden of our own.Our heart need being clarified as Thoreau has said that let your spirit set out to explore.第三篇：瓦尔登湖英文读后感瓦尔登湖英文读后感篇一：瓦尔登湖英文>读后感Read through some of the more than half of the 'Walden Pond', to be honest look at a lot of paragraphs do not really understand, but say it is fun sections of animals that people read fresh.The first animal is the rooster attention, and that the most common birds, however the author's pen in the air all of a sudden and very poor.Thoreau is the author described them this way: the rooster, pheasant was originally, and their chirping is the world's most beautiful music, better than all the other animals, but most of the time to fill the gaps in their voice is their wife-the mother chickens are noisy, it's no wonder that they ultimately can onlybe the poultry, not to mention what kind of a chicken egg.These words can not help people desperately want to remember the music Chenming rooster, the result was a loss, except in writing from the mechanical 'oo' sound.As for the hen, they can only remember them after the end of each time it is under the 'giggle' to stop the Called.Walden Pond, how can there are so many wild animal? Every day it seems that the author and not the name they say hello.Are familiar with Ant, but where the ants are like the soldiers how to ah, make that an ant war was afraid to read the small bio of contempt.Lovely fledgling partridge destitute people, they only obey the instinct of mothers and their own Oh, the fullness of their long feathers of the body of small branches and leaves together to maintain the same posture, where to stay motionless, It picked up when a stranger or follow it, it continues to stay as motionless, or take your eyes clean.Scary, of course, most diving birds, and it always sent laugh, when it is from this lake first dive, the observer much hunting or after a lot of fun.what it is, you can go to the bottom of the lake to fish in the bird.After all the human animal is, ah, just high-level animals.The author predicted that the result of human progress must be to give up meat, as the savage to the civilized around after people give up bad habits, like eating.I do not know human beings are not one day give up meat, it is very curious about the rabbit call.In the book, the author said: rabbit to the end, the truth was a child cry.On rabbits, the most profound impression that the tree hit a hare, but there is no written record of our had been a poor hunt rabbits.篇二：瓦尔登湖英文读后感Closing the white cover of the book ’Walden’，I just quite confused because so many new words that I can’t recognize.With the help of Chinese version downloaded from theinternet, after I catch the general idea, a burst of cold water pours into my heart, pure and limpid, clarify my shattered mind without an y dirt existing.As some said in preface “Walden is a book with loneness and solitude and a book with a single person.” When your mind is uneasy, you have no need reading the book.It requires you to come down and to be at leisure.The book was written in the middle of the 19th century-a period that is a rapid development of capitalism.Under such a background, most people would rather pursue benefits as possible as they can and try every means to obtain higher power and money no matter what it would cost.Industrial civilization and noisy society was gradually corrupting the nature of the humanity.However, at this situation, a illuminati graduating from Harvard University, carried an axe along with his lone single shadow.Then away from the city he ran into the uninhabited Walden at the edge of the mountain forest and settled down over here.He insisted on his own ways with a yearning for nature as well as set out the trace of the soul.At the land of the so-called Walden” drops of god”。

美国文学史总结Part I The Literature of Colonial America（殖民地时期的文学）Chapter 1→John Smith 约翰.史密斯1. A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened inVirginia Since the First Planting of That Colony 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》（1608）2. A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》（1612）3.The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles 《弗吉尼亚通史》（1624）Chapter 2→William Bradford （威廉.布拉德福德）→Of Plymouth Plantation 《普利茅斯开发史》（1826）→John Winthrop （约翰.温思罗普）→The History of New England from 1630 to 1649 《新英格兰史》（1856）Chapter 3→John Cotton （约翰.科登）→Roger Williams （罗杰.威廉姆斯）→ A Key into the Language of America 《开启美国语言的钥匙》/《美国新英格兰地区土著居民语言指南》Chapter 4→Anne Bradstreet（安妮.布雷兹特里特）（女性作家）→The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America 《在美洲诞生的第十位缪斯》→Edward Taylor （爱德华.泰勒）（女性作家）→Psalms 《诗篇》Part II The Literature of Reason and Revolution（理性和革命时期文学）Chapter 5→Benjamin Franklin （本杰明.富兰克林）1.Poor Richard ’s Almanac 《穷理查德年鉴》（1732-1758，1729年正式出版）2.The Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》（Franklin & Jefferson 杰弗逊）3.The Autobiography 《自传》4.Collect Works 《作品选集》Chapter 6→Thomas Paine （托马斯.佩因）1.The Case of the Officers of the Excise 《收税官的案子》（1772）（his first pamphlet）mon Sense 《常识》（1776）3.The America Crisis 《美国危机》（1776-1883）（a series of sixteen pamphlets）（signed“Common Sense” ）4.Rights of Man 《人权》（I 1791年， II 1792年）5.The Age of Reason 《理性时代》6.Agrarian Justice 《土地公平》（his last important treatise 他最后一部重要著作）Chapter 7→Thomas Jefferson （托马斯.杰弗逊）The Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》（Benjamin Franklin & Jefferson 杰弗1.该集子并不是按写作顺序来安排的，而是按事件发展的先后顺序重新编排，即：TheDeerslayer（《杀鹿者》）；The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫希干人》；The Pathfinder 《探路人》；The Pioneers《拓荒者》；The Prairie《大草原》}Chapter 11→William Cullen Bryant （威廉.卡伦.布莱恩特）1.Thanatopsis《死亡思考/死之思考》（1817）2.To a Waterfowl《致水鸟》（is perhaps the peak of his work 是其巅峰之作）Chapter 12→Edgar Allan Poe （埃德加.艾伦.坡）1.MS. Found in a Bottle 《金瓶子城的方德先生》2.The Fall of the House of Usher《鄂榭府崩溃记》3.Tales Of the Grotesque and Arabesque《述异集》（1840）4.The Raven《乌鸦》（1845）5.To Helen《给海伦》6.Annabel Lee《安娜贝尔.李》Chapter 13→Ralph Waldo Emerson（拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生）1.Nature《论自然》（1836）2.Two speeches（正真让他功成名就的是两次演讲）：The American Scholar《美国学者》（a great statements 一篇优秀的论说文）& Divinity School Address《神学院致辞》3.Poem《诗集》（1847）4.Essay《随笔录》5.Representative Men《代表》（1850）6.English Traits《英国人》（1856）7.Nature《论自然》8.Self-Reliance《论自助》Chapter 14→Henry David Thoreau（亨利.戴维.梭罗）1.Walden《沃尔登》（1854）Chapter 15→Nathaniel Hawthorne （纳撒尼尔.霍桑）1.The House of the Seven Gables《七个尖角阁的房子》2.Mosses from an Old Manse《古厦青苔》（1846）3.The Scarlet Letter 《红字》（1850）The Scarlet Letter is the introductory chapter of The Scarlet Letter. 《海关》是《红字》的前言。

walden第五章中文译文《Walden》第五章的中文译文如下：我们不妨想象一下，一个人驾着小船离开了通常的航线，在一个没有岛礁、不见港口的、黑漆漆的湖泊上悄然前行，不靠着桨，任凭水流向各个方向。

他把湖岸的边缘向内推进，在岸边的树丛中给自己找了一个隐蔽的地方，留下来度过了整整一个月。

这期间他除了湖的本身和它的水流声外什么也没有看见听见。

他就这样独自一人，在空荡荡的湖上，与世隔绝，远离人群和喧嚣。

他从船上拿来了面包、食盐、火柴、锅碗瓢盆和斧头等工具，在湖边为自己建造了一座小屋。

他首先用火柴在湖岸边生了火，开始取暖并准备食物。

他从湖里取了一些湖水放在湖岸上，开始细读并分析它。

他用木棍在岸边挖出一些小坑，观察它们如何慢慢地聚集了水。

他用斧头砍倒枯树，把它们削成木筏，抛入湖中，顺水漂去。

他用盐来煮湖水，希望把水烧开或者杀死里面的鱼。

他把湖水一点一点地倒入杯子，然后一饮而尽，看看它是什么味道。

他从船上取出一些书籍，坐在火旁读起来。

他开始思考和写作。

他观察着湖水的流动和变化，思考着生命的本质和存在的意义。

这就是梭罗在Walden中的生活描述。

他独自一人，远离人群和喧嚣，与湖水和自然环境融为一体。

他的生活非常简单和朴素，但他却从中发现了许多深刻的哲学和思想。

总的来说，《Walden》第五章描绘了一个人在与世隔绝的环境中独自思考和探索生命意义的过程。

这个过程不仅是一种自我反思和自我发现的过程，也是一种对自然和生命的敬畏和尊重的过程。

梭罗通过这个过程表达了他对人类生活方式和价值观的深刻反思和批判。

他认为人类应该更加关注自然和生命的本质，而不是过分追求物质和虚荣的东西。

他认为我们应该更加关注自己的内心世界和精神生活，而不是被外界的物质和虚荣所迷惑和束缚。

因此，《Walden》第五章也表达了梭罗对人类未来的希望和信念：我们应该更加关注自己的内心世界和精神生活，回归自然和本真，追求真正的幸福和自由。