中英文专业对照表acetylcholinesterase， AChE 乙酰胆碱酯酶α--amino-3-hydroxy- 5methyl- 4-isoxa -zoleppropionate，AMPA α-氨基-羟基-5-甲基-4-异噁唑-丙酸accessory 附属细胞acetyl coenzyme A，乙酰CoA 乙酰辅酶AAcetylcholine，ACh 乙酰胆碱acid-sensing ionic channel，ASIC 酸敏感离子通道acquisition 获得action potential,AP 动作电位Acute autonomic paralysis,Acute dysautonomia 急性自主神经功能不全adapter protein 衔接子蛋白adeno-associated virus (AAV) 腺病毒相关病毒载体adenosindeaminase (ADA) 腺苷脱苷酶adenosine triphosphate,α、β、γATP 三磷酸腺adenovirus vector (AdV) 腺病毒载体adenylyl cyclase, AC 腺苷酸环化酶ADP-ribosylation ADP核酶化adrenal medulla chromaffin cell 肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞adrenocorticotropic hormone releasing hormone, ACTH 促肾上腺激素释放激素advanced glycation end products，AGEs 晚期糖化终产物Agenesis of corpus callosum 胼胝体不发育agrin 聚集蛋白airway hyperresponsiveness,AH 气道高反应性A-kinase-anchoring-protein,AKAP 锚定蛋白alar plate 翼板allodynia 触诱发痛alpha – gamma coactivation α-γ共同激活Alzheimer disease, AD 阿尔茨海默病aminoguanidine， AG 氨基胍aminoxyacetic acid， AOAA 氨氧乙酸Ammon 海马amnesiac 没记性amphetamine 苯丙胺β- amyloid deposition Aβ沉积β- amyloid pre-protein, β-APP β-淀粉样前体蛋白β-amyloid protein,β-AP β-淀粉样蛋白Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS 肌萎缩性侧索硬化症anatomically addressedsynapse 解剖定向突触Anencephaly 无脑畸形angiotensinogen, AGT 血管紧张素原angiotensin或angiotonin，Ang 血管紧张素anisotropi 弥散的各向异性anterior column (horn) 前柱（角）antidiuretic hormone, ADH 抗利尿激素antigen-presenting cells，APC 抗原提呈细胞anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotide 反义寡脱氧核苷酸anti-sense techniques 反义技术apoptosis body 凋亡小体apoptosis inducing factor, AIF 细胞凋亡诱导因子apparent diffusion coefficient，ADC 表观弥散系数arginine-vasopressin, AVP 精氨酸升压素arm projection neurons 臂投射神经元aromatic alkylamine N-methyl transferase，AANMT 芳香烃胺氮位甲基移位酶aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase， AADC 芳香族氨基酸脱羧酶Arrhythmicity 无节律artery spin labeling, ASL 动脉质子自旋标记法association region 联合区associative learning 联合性学习astrocyte 星形胶质细胞Atrial natriuretic factor，ANF 心钠素atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP 心房钠尿肽attention deficit hyperactive disorder, ADHD注意力障碍多动症autocoids 局部激素或自身活性物质autogenetic inhibition 自生性抑制automatic pathway 自动加工通路Autonomic Nervous System 自主神经系统autoreceptor 自身受体axon 轴突baclofen 氯苯氨基丁酸ball and chain model 球与链模型band pass filter 带通滤波器barrel field 桶区basal plate 基板Bedding 笼底铺垫物benzodiazepine， BZ 安定bicuculline 荷包牡丹碱Biological clock 生物钟biotin-avidin system 生物素-亲合素系统black widow spider venom 黑寡妇蜘蛛毒blood brain barrier，BBB 血-脑屏障Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent, BOLD 血氧水平依赖blood perfusion imaging 血流灌注显像bolus injection 团注bone marrow stem cells 骨髓干细胞bradykinesia 运动徐缓bradykinin, BK 缓激肽brain ischemia 脑缺血brain-derived neurotrophic factor ,BDNF 脑源性神经营养因子α-bungarotoxin，α-BGT α-银环蛇毒Bursts of openings 爆发型开放buspirone 丁螺环酮Ca2+ -overload Ca2+ 超载cadherin,CAD 钙粘着蛋白Calcineurin 钙调蛋白calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP 降钙素基因相关肽calcitonin, CT 降钙素calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II，CaM KII 钙/钙调素-依赖性蛋白激酶II Calpain 钙离子依赖性中性蛋白水解酶Calyculin A，CA 花萼海绵诱癌素cAMP response element binding protein ，CREB-1 cAMP反应元件结合蛋白-1β-carboline β-咔啉类化合物casein kinase-1，CK-1 酪蛋白激酶-1caspase 半胱氨酸/天冬氨酰蛋白酶Catalytic subunit 催化亚单位catecholamine， CA 儿茶酚胺catechol-o-methyl transferase，COMT 儿茶酚胺-氧位-甲基转移酶Caudal subnuclei 尾侧亚核caudate nucleus 尾核celiac plexus 腹腔神经丛cell apoptosis 细胞凋亡cell death gene (ced) 细胞死亡基因cell division cycle，cdc 细胞分裂周期cell engineering antibody techniques 细胞工程抗体技术cell line 细胞系cell lineage 细胞谱系cell therapy 细胞治疗cells adhesion molecules (CAMs) 细胞粘着分子central benzuzepine receptor 中枢性BZ受体central nervous system (CNS) 中枢神经系统central pattern generator,CPG 中枢构型发生器ceramide 神经酰胺cerebellar plate 小脑板cerebral infarction 脑梗死cerebral vasospasm，CVS 脑血管痉挛cervical flexure 颈曲cGMP-dependent protein kinase， CG-PK或PKG cGMP依赖性蛋白激酶chemical shift imaging CSI 化学位移成像chemically addressed synapse 化学定向突触chemoattraction 化学吸引chemokine 趋化因子chemorepulsion 化学排斥chlorpromazine 氯丙嗪cholecystokinin, CCK 缩胆囊素choline acetyltransferase， ChAT 胆碱乙酰基转位酶Choline, Cho 胆碱Cholineacetylase， ChAC 胆碱乙酰化酶cholinergic differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor 胆碱分化因子/白血病细胞抑制因子chorda mesoderm 脊索中胚层ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor α,CNTFRα睫状神经营养因子受体αciliary neurotrophic factor, CNTF 睫状神经营养因子cingulate motor cortex 扣带运动区Circadian osci11ator 日节律Circadian pacemaker 日起律器Circadian time，CT 日时Circadian timing system 日节律定时系统clasp-knife reflex 折刀反射classical conditioning reflex 经典条件反射clonidine 氯压定clozapine 氯氮平co-agonist 辅助激动剂cocaine 可卡因cochlear Potential 耳蜗电位cognitive stimulation imaging 认知激活显像collapsin 萎陷蛋白colliculur plate 丘板conditioned response 条件反应conditioned stimulus，CS 条件刺激conjugate eye movement 联合眼运动connexon 连接蛋白Constant darkness∶DD 无光照的恒暗constitutive secretory 非Aβ源性途径或构成型分泌constitutive NOS， cNOS 结构型或原生型NOScontext -dependent 前后关系相依赖的convergence 会聚convergence-facilitation theory 会聚-易化学说convergence-projection theory 会聚-投射学说coordination bonds 配位键cortical atrophy 大脑皮质萎缩cortical plate 皮质板corticormotoneuronalcell，CM细胞皮质运动神经元corticostriatal loops 皮层-纹状体攀corticotropin releasing factor， CRF 促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH 促皮质激素释放激素counter-response 对抗反应Creatine/Phosphocreatine, Cr/PCr 肌酸/磷酸肌酸creep 蠕变Creulzfeldt-Jakob disease,CJD 海绵状脑病cross cerebellar dysconnection，CCD 交叉性小脑联系不能crossed extension reflex 交叉伸反射或对侧伸肌反射cross-linking 广泛交联cross-talk 对话cyclic ADP-ribdse， cADPR 环ADP-核糖cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase， PKA 环磷酸腺苷依赖性蛋白激酶cyclin-dependent kinase，cdk 周期蛋白依赖性激酶Cycloheximide 环己亚胺，一种蛋白合成抑制剂cycloleucine 环亮氨酸Cyclosporin A ,CSA 环胞菌素Acytokine 细胞因子DAT , dopamine transporter 多巴胺转运体Deactivation 去活化decerebrate rigidity 去大脑僵直declarative memory or explicit memory 陈述记忆degranulation 脱粒delayed neuronal death，DND 迟发性神经元坏死delayed neuronal degeneration，DND 延迟性神经细胞退化delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCV) 迟发性CVSdendrite 树突dendritic cells 树状突细胞Deoxy-hemoglobin, Deoxy-Hb 脱氧血红蛋白Derepression 去抑制diacylglycerol，DAG 二酰基甘油diaschisis，DC 远隔离机能障碍diazepam binding inhibitor， DBI 致焦虑肽diencephalon vesicle 间脑泡diffuce noxious inhibitory controls, DNIC 广泛伤害抑制diffusible inducing factor 可扩散诱导因子diffusion weighted imaging, DWI 弥散加权成像diffusion-sensitizing gradient pulses，DSGP 弥散敏感梯度脉冲18F-DOPA 18氟-多巴directed synapse 定向突触dishabituation 去习惯化disinhibition 去抑制divergence 分散DNA fragmentation factor, DFF DNA断裂因子docking 搭靠docking 锚靠doctrine of specific nerve energies 特殊神经能量定律dopa-decarboxylase，DDC 多巴脱羧酶dopamine β–hydroxylase， DβH 多巴胺-β-羟化酶Dopamine ,DA 多巴胺Dopamine and cAMP regulated phosphoprotein, DARPP32 多巴胺和cAMP调节的32kDa磷蛋白dopamine transporter 多巴胺转运体Dopa-responsive dystonia 多巴反应性肌张力障碍droperidol 氟哌啶Drosophira；Fruit- fly 果蝇dual nerve supply 双重神经支配Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD 假肥大型肌营养不良症dunce 笨蛋dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡dynamic response 动态反应dynamic stretch reflex 动态牵张反射dynorphin，Dyn 强啡肽dystroglycan 肌营养不良蛋白多糖dystrophin 肌营养不良素early gene 早期基因early LTP 早期LTPecho planar imaging, EPI 回波平面成像Ectoderm 外胚层ectomeninx 外脑（脊）膜effector cells 效应细胞elaborate semantic retrival 精细复述提取elctrogenic potassium pump 生电性钾泵electrochemical potential,μ电化学电位electrotonic synapse 电紧张突触encapsulated cells 包囊细胞endocochlear potenyial,EP 耳蜗内电位endogenous opioid peptides 内源性阿片样肽endomeninx 内脑膜endorphlins 内啡肽类endothelial NOS， eNOS 内皮NOSendothelin, ET 内皮素endothelium Ec 微血管内皮细胞endothelium-derived relaxing factor，EDRF 内皮细胞源性血管舒张因子ENK , enkephalin 脑啡肽enterochromaffin cell 嗜铬细胞Entrainment 协同性epidermal grouth factor,EGF 表皮生长因子epilepsy 癫痫epinephrine或adrenaline， E或AD 肾上腺素episodic memory 事件记忆Erythromalalgia 红斑性肢痛症event related potential, ERP事件相关电位ex vivo 离体转移法excitatory amino acid ，EAA 兴奋氨基酸excitatory postsynaptic current,EPSC 兴奋性突触后电流excitatory postsynaptic potential,EPSP 兴奋性突触后电位exocytosis 胞吐exteroceptor 外感受器extinction 消退extracellular signal related protein kinase，ERKs 细胞外信号相关的蛋白激酶facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, FSHD 面肩肱型肌营养不良症fast transmission 快速突触传递18F-2-F-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 18F-FDG 18氟-2-氟代-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖feedforward inhibition 前馈抑制fibroblast growt factor,FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子final pathway 最后通路Firing rate 放电频率fixating system 眼固定系统flexion reflex afferents,FRAs 屈肌反射传入纤维flexor reflex 屈肌反射floor plate 底板6-fluotryptophan 6-氟色氨酸fluoxetine 氟西汀forebrain or prosencephalon vesicle 前脑泡Forkhead 叉头蛋白，一种诱导凋亡的转录因子Forskolin，FK 富司克林520free choline 游离胆碱Free induction decay FID 自由感应衰减Freerunning 自律Frequency coding 频率编码functional magnetic resonance imaging， fMRI 功能性核磁共振显像functional MRI, fMRI 脑功能磁共振成像fusion 融合GABA -氨基丁酸Gadolinium,Gd 钆galanin, Gal 甘丙肽gap junction 缝隙连接gating currents 门控电流GDNF, glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor 胶质源性神经营养因子gene augmentation 基因增强gene constraint 基因抑制gene correction 基因修正gene engineering antibody techniques 基因工程抗体技术gene inactivation 基因失活gene replacement 基因置换gene therapy 基因治疗gene transfer techniques 基因转染技术general somatic afferent 一般躯体传入核团general somatic efferent 一般躯体传出核团general viseral efferent 一般内脏传出核团generator potential 发生器电位genetically engineered cells 遗传工程细胞或遗传修饰细胞Genicu1ohypotha1amic tract,GHT 膝丘束glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, GDNF 胶质细胞源性神营养因子globus pallidus 苍白球Glutamate/Glutamine, Glu /Gln, 总称Glx 谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺glutamic acid decarboxylase，GAD 谷氨酸脱羧酶glutathione S-trasferase，GSTM1 谷胱甘肽硫基转移酶glycation 异常糖化Glycerophosphocholine 甘油磷酸胆碱130kDa glycoprotein gp130glycoprotein 糖蛋白glycosylation 糖基化glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage,GPI 糖基磷脂酰肌醇键goaldirected 目标指向gonadotropin releasing hormone, GnRH 促性腺激素释放激素Gr kinase 大鼠小脑源性钙/钙调素-依赖性蛋白激酶gradient echo 梯度回波graphesthesia 书写觉growth cone 生长锥growth hormone releasing hormone, GRH 生长激素释放激素growth hormone, GH 生长激素GSH , glutathione 谷胱甘肽guanine nucleoside regulatory proteins 鸟核苷酸调节蛋白，G调节蛋白，简称G蛋白Guillain-Barre syndrome, GBS 格林-巴利综合征habituation 习惯化Half-Center model 半中枢模式haloperidol 氟哌啶醇hand manipulation neurons 手操作神经元hand-eye coordination neurons 手-眼协调神经元hematopoietic cytokines 成血细胞因子heme 血红素hemeostasis 自稳调节hemicholinum-3，HC-3 密胆碱-3herpes simples virus (HSV) 单纯疱疹病毒载体heteroceptors 异源受体heterodimer 异质二聚体high molecular weight-MAP，HMW-MAP 微管相关蛋白hindbrain or rhombencephalon vesicle 后(菱)脑泡hippocampus 海马hirudin 水蛭素histamine 组胺homobox genes (Hox) 同源盒基因homogeneity 同源性homophilic 同种亲和homoreceptor 同源受体homovanillic acid， HVA 高香草酸hormone 激素human sodium/iodine transporter, h Na/Itransporter 人钠/碘同向转运体Huntington disease, HD 亨廷顿病hydrazinopropionic acid 肼基丙酸6-hydroxydopa 6-羟多巴hydroxyindole-o-methyl transferase，HIOMT 羟基吲哚氧位甲基移位酶5-hydroxyindole acetic acid， 5-HIAA 5-羟吲哚乙酸3，4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid， DOPAC 3，4-双羟苯乙酸5-hydroxytryptamine transporter, 5-HTT5-羟色胺转运体5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase， 5-HTPDC 5-羟色氨酸脱羧酶hyperalgesia 痛觉过敏hypercolum 超柱hyperkinesia 运动过度hyperkplexia 惊厥病hypokinesia 运动减少Hypophysiotrophic area,HTA 下丘脑促垂体区idiopathic orthostatic hypotension 特发性直立性低血压imaging agent 显像剂imaging fusion techniques, image registration techniques 图像融合技术imaging techniques 显像技术immediate early genes ，IGEs 即刻早期基因immortalized cell 永生细胞immunnoisolated cell therapy 免疫隔离细胞疗法Immunologically privileged organ 与免疫系统作用“隔绝”的“特赦”器官immunoreactivity 免疫反应性123I-N-isopropyl-p-iodo-amphetamine, 123I-IMP 123碘-IMPimplicit memory 内隐记忆imprinting 铭记in vivo 活体直接转移法inactivation 失活inclusion 包涵体inducible NOS，iNOS 诱生型NOSinhibin 抑制素inhibitor-1 抑制物-1inhibitory amino acid， IAA 抑制性氨基酸inhibitory autoreceptor 抑制性自身受体inhibitory postsynaptic current,IPSC 抑制性突触后电流inhibitory postsynaptic potential,IPSP 抑制性突触后电位initial segment,IS 轴突始段inorganicphosphate,Pi 无机磷Inositol, Ino 肌醇inositol-1，4，5-triphosphate，IP3三磷酸肌醇Input pathway 传入通路insulin-like growth factor,IGF 胰岛素样生长因子integrin 整合素Intergeniculate1eaflet，IGL 外侧膝状体膝间小叶interleukin,IL 白细胞介素intermediate zone (IZ) or mantle zone (MZ) 中间层或套层intermesenteric plexus 肠系膜间神经丛interneuronal communication 神经元通讯interneurons 中间神经元interoceptor 内感受器intersegmental reflex 节间反射intracerebral hemorrhage，ICH 脑出血intrafusal muscle fiber 梭内肌纤维inverse agonist 反向激动剂inverse myotatic reflex 反肌伸长反射involuntary nervous system 不随意神经系统ion channel 离子通道IP3-5-phosphomonoesterase，IP3-5-PME IP3磷酸单酯酶isoguvacine 异四氢烟酸Isoproterenol，IP 异丙肾上腺素IV ventricle 第四脑室J-coupling J耦合jet 1ag 快速时区变化综合征，俗称倒时差Jun amino-terminal kinase Jun氨基末端激酶justaglomerular apparatus 旁肾小球装置Kainic acid,KA 海人酸kallikrein-kininogen-kinin，KKK 激肽释放酶一激肽原一激肽ketamine 氯胺酮Kinesthetic aproxia 运动性运用不能kinin 激肽kinocilium 动纤毛knee jerk reflex 膝跳反射knockout,Kn 基因敲除kynurenate 犬尿烯酸Lactate Lac 乳酸laminin 层粘连蛋白late gene 晚期基因late LTP 晚期LTPlateral column (horn) 侧角（柱）lateral inhibition 侧抑制lateral premotor area 外侧前运动区l-dopa 左旋多巴leak out 漏出leak potassium channels “漏钾”通道lectin-like receptor 凝集素样受体leucine rich motif, LRM 亮氨酸富集结构leukemia inhibitory factor receptor β,LIEFβ白血病抑制因子受体βLeukotrienes 白三烯Lewy body Lewy 小体L-glutamate-γ-hydrazide L-谷氨酸-γ-肼ligand 配体Ligand-gated ion channels 配体门控离子通道Light-dark cyc1e，LD 明-暗周期limb-girdle muscular dystrophy，LGMD 肢带型肌营养不良症Lipid, Lip 脂质lipofectin 阳离子脂质体lipofuscin 脂褐质liposome-mediated DNA transfer 脂质体介导的DNA转移load test 负荷试验local circuit neuron 局部环路神经元local circuits 局部环路local or intrinsic neurons 局部神经元local response 局部反应locomotion 行走运动Long-day breeder 长日繁殖动物Long-term depression,LTD 长时程抑制long-term memory 长时记忆long-term potentiation，LTP 长时程增强lumlar splanchnic nerve 腰内脏神经丛luteinzing hormone releasing hormone, LHRH 促黄体生成激素释放激素lymphoid stroma 淋巴样基质lymphorrhage 淋巴溢lysergic acid diethylamide，LSD 麦角二乙酰胺MAG 髓鞘相关糖蛋白magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS 磁共振波谱学magnetic susceptibility 磁化率major depression 重性抑郁症MAO-B 单胺氧化酶Bmarginal zone (MZ) 缘层MBP 髓鞘碱性蛋白Me1atonin 褪黑激素medial motor cortex 内侧运动区mediator 介质Meissner’s Corpuscle Meissner触觉小体melatonin 褪黑素Meningomyelocele 脊髓脊膜膨出3-mercaptopropionic acid， 3-MP 3-巯基丙酸Merkel’s disk Merkel球3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol， MHPG 3-甲氧基-4-羟苯乙二醇5-methoxyindole acetic acid， 5-MIAA 5-甲氧基吲哚乙酸α-Methyl-dopa-hydrazine α-甲基多巴肼mesencephalic aqueduct 中脑水管mesencephalic flexure 中脑曲mesencephalic locomotor region,MLR 中脑运动区Mesenchyme 间胚层metabolic imaging 新陈代谢显像metabotropic glutamate receptors， mGluRs 旧称ACPD受体促代谢型谷氨酸受体Metoclopramide 甲氧氯普胺，又称灭吐灵、胃复安micro positron emission tomography, microPET 微型正电子发射式断层仪microbrain system in the heart 心脏微脑系统microcapsule 微囊microcircuits 微环路Microencephaly 脑过小畸形microglical cell 小胶质细胞microneurography 微神经元图microphonic potential, CM 微音器电位microtubule associated protein，MAP 微管相关蛋白midbrain or mesencephalon vesicle 中脑泡miniature end-plate potential,MEPP 微小终板电位mirrorneurons 镜像神经元mitogen 有丝分裂素mitogen-activated protein kinase ，MAP激酶分裂素活化蛋白激酶modality 感觉模态modulator 调质MOG 髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白monoamine oxidase， MAO 单胺氧化酶monoclonal antibody 单克隆抗体monosynaptic reflex 单突触反射mood stabilizing drugs 情感心境稳定剂motifs 结构单元motoneuron pool 运动神经元池motor neuron disease 运动神经元疾病motor nucleus 运动核motor unit 运动单位motormap 大脑皮质运动定位图MPP＋, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, 1-甲基-4苯基吡啶离子MPTP,1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-etrahydropyridine 1-甲基-4苯基-1, 2, 3, 6-四羟吡啶Mullerian duct inhibiting hormone， MIH 苗勒氏管抑制激素multiple sclerosis, MS 多发性硬化Multiple system atorphy 多系统萎缩muscatinic receptor，M-AChR 毒蕈碱受体，M-受体muscimol 蝇蕈醇muscle spindle 肌梭myllinatio 髓鞘形成myllination 体节myoblasts 成肌细胞myogenic cells 肌源细胞myo-Inositol，mI 内消螺旋肌醇myotatic reflex 肌伸长反射myotonic dystrophy, DM 强直性肌营养不良症N-acetylaspartate, NAA 氮乙酰天门冬氨酸Natriuretic peptide，ANP 肾内利钠肽n-butyl-β-carboline-3- carboxylate，β-CCB n-丁基-β-咔啉-3-羧酸negative shift 负转化nerve growth factor, NGF 神经生长因子Netrin 网蛋白network 网络neural cell adhesion molecule，NCAM 神经细胞粘连分子neural progenitor cells 神经元前体细胞neuritic thread， NT 神经炎毯neuroblast 成神经细胞neurodegenerative diseases 神经退行性疾病neuroeffector junction 神经元-效应器连接neurofibrillary tangle，NFT 神经原纤维缠结neurogliocyte 神经胶质细胞neuroimmunoendocrine network 神经免疫内分泌网络neuroimmunomodulation 神经免疫调制neurokinin, NK 神经激肽neuroleptics 抗精神失常的药物neurolukin 神经白细胞素neuromeres 神经管节（菱形节）Neuron 神经元neuronal NOS，nNOS 神经元型NOSneuronal plasticity 神经元可塑性neuronotrophic factors (NTFs) 神经营养因子neuropeptide K, NPK 神经肽Kneuropeptide Y, NPY 神经肽Yneuropeptide, NP 神经肽neurotensin, NT 神经降压素neurotransmitter coexistence 递质共存neurotrophic factors, NTFs 神经营养因子neurotrophin receptor interacting factor,NRIF NT受体相互作用因子neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR神经营养素受体neurotrophin, NTs家族神经营养素家族neurotrophin-3 ，NT-3 神经营养素-3 neurotrophin-4/5, NT-4/5 神经营养素-4/5 neurotrophin-6 神经营养素-6 Neurulation 神经胚形成nicotinid receptor，N-AChR 烟碱受体， N-受体nitrergic 氮能Nitric oxide ，NO 一氧化氮nitric oxide synthase， NOS 一氧化氮合酶nitric oxide， NO 一氧化氮nitroxidergic 一氧化氮能N-methyl-D-aspartate, NMDA N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸nociception 伤害性感受non-adrenergic non- cholinergic， NANC 非肾上腺素能非胆碱能nonassociative learning 非联合性学习non-automatic pathway 控制通路或非自动加工通路nondeclarative memory or implicit memory 非陈述记忆non-directed synapse 非定向突触Nonphotic entrainment 非光源协同化non-proline-directed protein kinase，non-PDPK 非脯氨酸指导的蛋白激酶no-reflow 无复流norepinephrine或noradrenaline，NE或NA 去甲肾上腺素Notch Intracellular Domain， NICD 胞内域nuclear bag fiber 核袋纤维nuclear chain fiber 核链纤维nuclear factor-κ gene binding κ基因结合核因子Nucleus tractus solitarius, NTS 孤束核octreotide 奥曲肽ocular disparity representation 眼差异代表区Ocular Dominance Columns 眼优势柱oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, OPMD 眼咽型肌营养不良症ohosphatidylinositol，ptdlns 磷脂肌醇Okaidaic acid，OA 冈田酸6-OHDA 6-羟基多巴胺oligodendroglia cell 少突胶质细胞omnipause neurons 全暂停神经元open-channel blockers 开放通道阻滞剂operant conditioning reflex 操作式条件反射opioid peptide，OP 阿片肽opioid receptor-like ,ORL 阿片受体样受体opioid receptors 阿片受体optic chiasm 视交叉optokinetic reflex 眼动反射ordered recruitment 有序募集organic sensation 脏器感受orphan receptor 孤儿受体orphanin, OFQ 孤啡肽orthographic processing 字型加工OSP 少突胶质细胞特异蛋白otoacoustic emission，OAE 耳声发射output pathway 传出通路overshoot 超射oxygen free radicals 氧自由基Oxy-hemoglobin, Oxy-Hb 氧合血红蛋白oxytocin, OT 催产素Pacemaker 起律pacemaker细胞P细胞Pacinian Corpuscle 环层小体pain 痛觉paired helical filament，PHF 双螺旋丝pancreatic polypeptide, PP 胰多肽Pandysautonomia 全自主神经功能不全parabrachial area 臂旁区para-chlorophenylalamine，PCPA 对氯苯丙氨酸parallel process 平行过程parallel synapse 平行性突触paramagnetic 顺磁paramedian pontine reticular formation, PPRF 旁正中脑桥网状结构pargyline 帕吉宁parietal pain 壁层痛parieto-premotor channels 顶叶-前运动通路Parkinson’s disease, PD 帕金森病paroxetine 帕罗西汀part per million 化学位移相对值particle bombardment 颗粒轰击技术patch clamp 膜片钳patterned movement 型式化运动p-chloroamphetamine， PCA 对氯苯丙胺penumbra 缺血半暗带peptide YY, PYY 胰多肽样肽perceptual representative system，PRS 知觉表征系统perfusion weighted imaging, PWI 灌注成像perikaryon 核周体phage display 噬菌体展示Phase advance 时相前移Phase de1ay 时相后移Phase response curve，PRC 时相反应曲线Phase shifting 时相位移phencyclidine，PCP 苯环已哌啶（苯环立啶）phenyketonurin 苯丙酮尿症phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase， PNMT 苯乙醇胺氮位甲基移位酶pheochromocytoma cells(PC12) 大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞δ-philanthotoxin(δ-PHTX) 寄生穴蜂毒素phonological processing 语音加工phorbel ester 佛波醇酯phosphalidylinosilol 磷脂酰肌醇Phosphocholine 磷酸胆碱phosphocreatine,PCr 磷酸肌酸phosphodiesterase PDE 磷酸二酯酶phosphodiesters, PDE 磷酸双脂phosphoinositide cycle 肌醇磷脂循环phospholipase C PLC 磷脂酶C phosphomonoesters, PME 磷酸单脂phosphoprotein phosphatases 磷蛋白磷酸（酯）酶phosphotidyl inositol，PI 磷脂酰肌醇Photoentrainment 光源协同性Photorecepto 光感受器phrenology 颅相学Pinealocytes 松果体细胞pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, PACAP 垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽place coding 部位编码Plasma membrane transporter 膜转运体plasmid vector 质粒载体plasticity 可塑性pletelet-derived growth factor,PDGF 血小板源性生长因子PLP 蛋白脂蛋白poattetanic potentiation 强直后强化point-resolved spectroscopy PRESS 点分辨光谱法polymodal 多模式型polysynaptic reflex 多突触反射pontine flexure 桥曲positron emission tomography，PET 正电子发射断层扫描posterior column (horn) 后柱（角）posterior commissure 后联合Posterior parietal cortex 后顶叶皮质post-receptor defect 受体后缺陷postsynaptic current 突触后电流postsynaptic potential,PSP 突触后电位Premotor cortex area，PM 前运动区preparatory potential 准备电位pre-pro-opiomelanocortin, POMC 前阿黑皮素原pre-protachykinin, PPT 前速激肽原pre-supplementary motor area 前辅助运动区presynaptic inhibition 突触前抑制pretangle 缠结形成前期preterminal N-AChRs 末梢前N-胆碱受体primary afferent depolarization, PAD 初级传入纤维末梢去极化Primary motor cortex，MI 初级运动皮质primary neurons 原代神经元primary non-neuronal cells 原代非神经元细胞primary orthostatic hypotension，亦即Shy-Drager综合征原发性直立性低血压primary sensory ending 初级感觉末梢primilite meninx 原始脑（脊）膜principle of connectional 神经元通信特性原理Principle of dynamic polarizational 神经元极化原理procedural memory 程序记忆programmed cell death 程序性细胞死亡prolactin, PRL 催乳素proline-directed protein kinase，PDPK 脯氨酸指导的蛋白激酶propriospinal neuron 脊髓固有神经元prostaglandins，PGs 前列腺素proteasome 泛素蛋白酶小体protective effect 保护作用protein kinase C，PKC 蛋白激酶Cprotein phosphatases,PP 蛋白磷酸酯酶pseudoaffective reaction 伪情感反应Pure Pandysautonomia “全”或“纯”自主神经功能不全putamen 壳核quantal release 递质量子释放quasi visceral pain 准内脏痛123I-quinuclidinyl-benzilate, 123I-QNB 123碘-二苯羟乙酸喹啉酯quinolinic acid QUIN 喹啉酸Quisqualic acid ，QA 使君子（氨）酸radial glial cell 放射胶质细胞radioimmunoassay, RIA 放射免疫分析技术radio-immunu-imaging, RII 放射免疫显像radionuclide imaging techniques 放射性核素显像技术radio-receptor imaging 放射受体显像ragidity 肌僵直Raphe nuclei 中缝核rapid eye movement, REM 快速眼动Rathkes Pouch 拉司克囊Raynaud's Disease and Raynaud's Phenomenom 雷诺氏病及雷诺氏现象receptive field-specificity of the columns 柱的感受野特性receptor 受体receptor for advanced glycation end products，RAGE 晚期糖化终产物受体receptor potential 感受器电位receptor tyrosine kinase, RTK 受体酪氨酸激酶receptor-specificity of columns 柱的感受器特性reciprocal inhibition 交互神经支配reciprocal inhibition 交互抑制reciprocal synapse 交互性突触recurrent inhibition 返回性抑制referred pain 牵涉痛regional cerebral blood flow, rCBF 局部脑血流量regional Cerebral Blood Volume, rCBV 局部脑血容量regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose, rCMRGlu 局部脑葡萄糖代谢率regional Mean Transit Time, rMTT 局部平均通过时间Regulatory subunit 调节亚单位relaxation rate 质子弛豫率relay or principal neurons 接替神经元resetting 重新调定resting membrane potential,RMP或RP 静息膜电位restrictive diffusion 受限弥散retention 保留reticular formation, RF 网状结构Retinohypotha1amic tract；RHT 视丘束retrovirus vector (RV) 逆转录病毒载体reversal current 向膜内流转变为向外流rewarding system 奖赏系统Riley Day综合征, familial dysautonomia 家族性自主神经功能不全risperdal 维思通rodopsin 视紫红质rohombic lips 菱唇Rolipram 罗列普拉roof plate 顶板rostral interstitial nucleus 间质核Ruffini’s corpuscle Ruffini小体Running-wheel 跑动轮rutabaga 傻瓜saccadic eye movement 眼扫视运动scaffolds 脚手架scavenger receptor, SR 清道夫受体schizophrenia 精神分裂症sebsorimotor transformation 感觉运动转化Secondary sensory ending 次级感觉末梢selegiline 司来吉兰selfaggregation 易自聚性semantic memory 语义记忆semantic processing 语义加工semaphorin 导向蛋白senile plaque，SP 老年斑sensitization 敏感化serial synapse 连续性突触serine hydroxymethyl transferase， SHMT 丝氨酸羟甲基移位酶serotonin-type S型set-related 设置相关sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area, SDN-POA 视前区性别双态核shearing motion 剪切运动short latency-abrupt, SL-A 短潜伏期-突发性short latency-sustained, SL-S 短潜伏期-持续性short-term memory 短短时记忆shuntinginhibition 分流抑制shuttle vector 穿梭载体Silent nociceptor 静止痛觉感受器single chain Fv antibody fragment, scFv 单链Fv抗体single photon emission computed tomography,SPECT 单光子发射式计算机断层仪size principle 大小原则skeletofusimotor or beta efferents 骨骼肌梭动纤维或β传出纤维slow transmission 慢速突触传递small fiber neuropathy 小纤维神经病smooth pursuit movement 眼平稳跟踪运动sodium dodecylsulfate，SDS 十二烷基硫酸钠soluble guanylyl cyclase，sGC 鸟苷酸环化酶somatostatin, SS 生长抑素somatotopic organization 定位关系somites 体节SP , substance P P物质space constant,r 空间常数spatial pattern 空间构型special summation 空间总和special viseral afferent 特殊内脏传入核团special viseral efferent 特殊内脏传出核团specific 5-HT binding protein， SBP 5-HT结合蛋白SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography 单光子发射计算机断层扫描spike potential 锋电位Spina bifida occulta 隐性脊柱裂spinal shock 脊休克spinalisation 脊髓化spinohypothalamic tract，SHT 脊髓下丘脑束spinoreticular tract, SRT 脊髓网状束spinothalamic tract, STT 脊丘束spin-spin coupling 自旋-自旋耦合stagnant or ischemia anoxia 停滞性（或缺血性）缺O2 stance phase 站立相state-dependent reflex reversal 状态依赖性反射逆转static equilibrium 静态平衡static response 静态反应static stretch reflex 静态牵张反射statistic parameter map, SPM 123碘-IMPstereocilia 静纤毛stereognosis 实体觉steriod concentrating neuron 浓集性腺类固醇的神经元stiffness 劲度stimulated-echo acquisition mode STEAM 受激回波采集方式stimulation produced analgesia，SPA 脑刺激镇痛stretch reflex 牵张反射striatum 纹状体stromal cells 基质细胞subcortical and cortical motivation areas 皮质与皮质下动机区Subjective day 主观昼Subjective night 主观夜submedian 中线下核subnucleus reticularis dorsalis, SRD 背侧网状亚核Subparaventricular zone 室旁下区substantia inomata 未名质substantia nigra pars compacta, SNc 黑质致密部substantia nigra pars reticulata, SNr 黑质网状部substantia nigra, SN 黑质subthalamic nucleus, STN 丘脑底核subventricular zone SZ 脑室下层succinic semialdehyde， SSA 琥珀酸半醛sulcus limitans 界沟sulpiride 舒必利sumatriptan 舒马坦summating potential，SP 总和电位suoerfamily 超家族superparamagnetic 超顺磁性supplement move area,SMA 辅助运动区Suprachiasmatic nuclei；SCN 视交叉上核swing phase 移动相syllo-Inositol SISympathetic system, ,parasympathetic system 交感神经系统及副交感神经系统synapse 突触synapsin 突触蛋白synaptic after-polarization细胞SAH细胞synaptic contact zone 突触接触带synaptic convergence 突触性聚合synaptic divergence 突触性分散synaptic facilitation 突触易化synaptic glomerulus 突触球synaptic integration 突触整合synaptic plasticity 突触可塑性synaptic potentiation 突触强化synaptic细胞S细胞synaptophysin 突触素Synchronization 同步化syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH，SIADH 抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征tachykinin 速激肽tacrine 他可林target cells 靶细胞targeted gene transfer via receptors 受体介导的基因转移Telencephalon vesicle 端脑泡temporal ischemic attack, TIA 暂时性缺血性发作temporal pattern 时间构型temporal resolution 时间分辨率temporal summation 时间总和tendon organ 腱器官terminal N-AChRs 末梢N-胆碱受体testis determining factor，TDF 睾丸决定因子testosterone 睾酮tetrabenazine 四苯嗪tetrahydrofolate， FH4 四氢叶酸Therapeutic-window 治疗窗4，5，6，7-tetra hydroiso oxazalo-[5，4-C] pyridine-3-ol THIPthreshold potential,TP 阈电位thymie polypeptid hormone 胸腺多肽激素thyrotropin hormone，TSH 促甲状腺激素thyrotropin releasing hormone, TRH 促甲状腺激素释放激素time constant 时间常数Timekeeping 定时Timing cues 时信tissue modeling 脑组织塑型trafficking 交通移动transaldolase 转缩醛酶transcortical circuits 跨皮质环路transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation，TENS 跨皮电刺激神经transcytosis 细胞内转运作用transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β转化生长因子-β。
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