中职学校汽车专业英语5底盘篇

Chapter Five History of Automobile 【课题】How about Auto Racing【教材版本】高等教育出版社，中职教材《汽车专业英语》.【教学目标】1．了解赛车运动的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。

2．能了解汽车文化, 并能借助字典查阅英文资料。

【教学重点、难点】教学重点：赛车常用术语的英文名称。

教学难点：加深对汽车文化的理解。

【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。

D. 使用教材第5章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。

【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】通过图片、视频等素材，使学生掌握赛车术语的英文表达。

增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。

【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1, and currently officially referred to as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备pit stop （赛场中的）修理站，加油站FIA(Federation International Automobile) 国际汽车联盟World Championship 世界锦标赛译文及评析Auto racing is a test of endurance for the vehicle and the driver. Cutting edge technology combined with exceptional skill in driving, backed up with an all-encompassing team spirit is probably the reason behind most of the successes in auto racing. Auto racing is a demanding, yet exhilarating sport. An auto racing team is made of five core elements: The ownership, The team manager, The driver, The support crew, The sponsors.赛车对汽车和车手来说都是一场耐力测试。

CHAPTER THREE CHASSIS【课题】What Is Transmission【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.【教学目标】1．了解汽车变速箱的相关知识，掌握变速箱有关词汇词组。

2．掌握汽车变速箱相关术语的英语表达方法。

3．能查阅与汽车变速箱知识有关的英文资料。

4．能借助字典翻译汽车变速箱方面的文章。

【教学重点、难点】教学重点：变速箱常用零件的英文名称。

变速箱的基本原理的英语表达法。

教学难点：直译意译【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。

D. 使用教材第3章第3课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。

【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】通过视频、声音、动画等素材，使学生掌握变速箱的术语、原理的英文表达。

增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。

【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）变速器功用：（1）改变传动比；（2）在发动机旋转方向不变情况下，使汽车能倒退行驶；（3）利用空挡，中断动力传递，使发动机能够起动、怠速，并便于变速器换档。

二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备transmission变速器automatic transmission自动变速器various gear combinations不同齿轮组合forward position (gear )前进档neutral position (gear )空档reverse position (gear )倒档译文及评析The transmission is a device that is connected to the back of the engine and sends the power from the engine to the drive wheels. An automobile engine runs at its best at a certain RPM (Revolutions Per Minute) range and it is the transmission's job to make sure that the power is delivered to the wheels while keeping the engine within that range.变速器是一套连接在发动机后面的装置，它把发动机的动力传递给驱动轮。

Chapter Two Engine【课题】What Is Engine【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.【教学目标】1．了解汽车发动机构造的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。

2．掌握汽车发动机相关术语的英语表达方法。

3．能查阅与汽车知识有关的英文资料。

4．能借助字典翻译汽车构造方面的文章。

【教学重点、难点】教学重点：曲柄、活塞等常用零件的英文名称。

发动机的基本原理的英语表达法。

教学难点：科技英语中长句翻译技巧【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。

D. 使用教材第2章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。

【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】通过视频、声音、动画等素材，使学生掌握发动机的术语、原理的英文表达。

增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。

【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）The engine has hundreds of parts. The major parts of engine are engine block, engine heads, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and valves. The other parts are joined to make systems. These systems are the fuel system, intake system, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system, and exhaust system[1]. Each of these systems has a definite function. These systems will be discussed in detail later.发动机有数百个零件。

Chapter Five History of Automobile 【课题】How about Auto Racing【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编. 【教学目标】1．了解赛车运动的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。

2．能了解汽车文化, 并能借助字典查阅英文资料。

【教学重点、难点】教学重点：赛车常用术语的英文名称。

教学难点：加深对汽车文化的理解。

【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。

D. 使用教材第5章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。

【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】通过图片、视频等素材，使学生掌握赛车术语的英文表达。

增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。

【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1, and currently officially referred to as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备pit stop （赛场中的）修理站，加油站FIA(Federation International Automobile) 国际汽车联盟World Championship 世界锦标赛译文及评析Auto racing is a test of endurance for the vehicle and the driver. Cutting edge technology combined with exceptional skill in driving, backed up with an all-encompassing team spirit is probably the reason behind most of the successes in auto racing. Auto racing is a demanding, yet exhilarating sport. An auto racing team is made of five core elements: The ownership, The team manager, The driver, The support crew, The sponsors.赛车对汽车和车手来说都是一场耐力测试。

Chapter Two Engine【课题】What Is Crankshaft and Flywheel【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.【教学目标】1．了解汽车曲轴、飞轮的构造，掌握有关英语词汇词组。

2．掌握汽车曲轴、飞轮相关术语的英语表达方法。

3．能查阅与汽车知识有关的英文资料。

4．能借助字典翻译汽车构造方面的文章。

【教学重点、难点】教学重点：汽车曲轴、飞轮相关术语的英语表达方法。

教学难点：汽车英文缩写字母的翻译【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。

D. 使用教材第2章第3课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。

【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】导入、示例、多媒体增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。

教学中应交替使用教材、实物和动画。

【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）Flywheel is a heavy wheel attached to the shaft of an engine to keep its speed nearly constant. It is used where the forces driving the engine shaft are not constant. The crankshaft turns the piston's up and down motion into circular motion just like a crank on a jack-in-the-box does.二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备crankshaft 曲轴flywheel 飞轮cast 铸造forge 锻造alloy 合金mechanical 机械的strength 强度thrust 推力distortion 变形，扭曲译文及评析The crankshaft is a one-piece casting or forging of heat treated alloy steel of considerable mechanical strength.曲轴是由合金钢整体铸造或锻造，经过热处理，具有一定的机械强度。

3.1clutchThe engine produces the power to drive the vehicle . The drive line or drive train transfer the power of the engine to the wheels . The drive train consists of the parts from the back of the flywheel to the wheels . These parts include the clutch , the transmission ,the drive shaft ,and the final drive assembly .The clutch which includes the flywheel ,clutch disc , pressure plate , springs , pressure plate cover and the linkage necessary to operate the clutch is a rotating mechanism between the engine and the transmission . It operates through friction which comes from contact between the parts . That is the reason why the clutch is called a friction mechanism . After engagement, the clutch must continue to transmit all engine torque to transmission depending on the friction without slippage . The clutch is also used to disengage the engine from the drive train whenever the gears in the transmission are being shifted from gear ratio to another .To start the engine or shift the gears , the driver has to depress the clutch pedal with the purpose of disengagement the transmission from the engine . At that time , the driven members connected to the transmission input shaft are either stationary or rotating at a speed that is slower of faster than the driving members connected to engine crankshaft . There is no spring pressure on the clutch assembly parts . So there is no friction between the driving members and driven members . As the driver lets loose the clutch pedal , spring pressure increase on the clutch parts . Friction between the parts also increases . The pressure exerted by the springs on the driven members is controlled by the driver through the clutch pedal and linkage . The positive engagement of the driving and driven members is made possible the friction between the surfaces of the members . When full spring pressure is applied , the speed of the driving and driven members should be the same . At the moment , the clutch must act as a coupling device and transmit all engine power to the transmission , without slipping .However , the transmission should be engaged to the engine gradually in order to operate the car smoothly and minimize torsional shock on the drive train because an engine at idle just develop little power . Otherwise , the driving members are connected with the driven members too quickly and the engine would be stalled .The flywheel is a major part of the clutch . The flywheel mounts to the engine‟s crankshaft and transmits engine torque to the clutch assembly . The flywheel , when coupled with the clutch disc and pressure plate makes and breaks the flow of power of the engine to the transmission .The flywheel provides a mounting location for the clutch assembly as well . When the clutch is applied , the flywheel transfers engine torque to the clutch disc . Because of its weight , the flywheel helps to smooth engine operation . The flywheel also has a large ring gear at its outer edge , which engages with a pinion gear on the starter motor during engine cranking .The clutch disc fits between the flywheel and the pressure plate . The clutch disc has a splined hub that fits over splines on the transmission input shaft . A splined hub has grooves that match splines on the shaft . These splines fit in the grooves . Thus ,the two parts held together . However , back – and – forth movement of the disc on the shaft is possible . Attached to the input shaft , the disc turns at the speed of the shaft .The clutch pressure plate is generally made of cast iron . It is round and about the same diameter as the clutch disc . One side of the pressure plate is machined smooth . This side will press the clutch disc facing are against the flywheel . The outer side has shapes to facilitateattachment of spring and release mechanism . The two primary types of pressure plate assemblies are coil spring assembly and diaphragm spring .In a coil spring clutch the pressure plate is backed by a number of coil springs and housed with them in a pressed – steel cover bolted to the flywheel . The spring push against the cover . Neither the driven plate nor the pressure plate is connected rigidly to the flywheel and both can move either towards it or away . When the clutch pedal is depressed a thrust pad riding on a carbon or ball thrust bearing is forced towards the flywheel . Levers pivoted so that they engage with the thrust pad at one end and the pressure plate tat the other end pull the pressure plate back against its springs . This releases pressure on the driven plate disconnecting the gearbox from the engine .Diaphragm spring pressure plate assemblies are widely used in most modern cars . The diaphragm spring is a single thin sheet of metal which yields when pressure is applied to it . When pressure is removed the metal spring back to its original shape . The center portion of the diaphragm spring is slit into numerous fingers that act as release levers . When the clutch assembly rotates with the engine these weights are flung outwards by centrifugal plate and cause the levers to press against the pressure plate . During disengagement of the clutch the fingers are moved forward by the release bearing . The spring pivots over the fulcrum ring and its outer rim moves away from the flywheel . The retracting spring pulls the pressure plate away from the clutch plate thus disengaging the clutch .When engaged the release bearing and the fingers of the diaphragm spring move towards the transmission . As the diaphragm pivots over the pivot ring its outer rim forces the pressure plate against the clutch disc so that the clutch plate is engaged to flywheel .The advantages of a diaphragm type pressure plate assembly are its compactness , lower weight , fewer moving parts , less effort to engage , reduces rotational imbalance by providing a balanced force around the pressure plate and less chances of clutch slippage .The clutch pedal is connected to the disengagement mechanism either by a cable or , more commonly , by a hydraulic system . Either way , pushing the pedal down operates the disengagement mechanism which puts pressure on the fingers of the clutch diaphragm via a release bearing and causes the diaphragm to release the clutch plate . With a hydraulic mechanism , the clutch pedal arm operates a piston in the clutch master cylinder . This forces hydraulic fluid through a pipe to the cutch release cylinder where another operates the clutch disengagement mechanism by a cable .The other parts including the clutch fork , release bearing , bell –housing , bell housing cover , and pilot bushing are needed to couple and uncouple the transmission . The clutch fork , which connects to the linkage , actually operates the clutch . The release bearing fits between the clutch fork and the pressure plate assembly . The bell housing covers the clutch assembly . The bell housing cover fastens to the bottom of the bell housing . This removable cover allows a mechanic to inspect the clutch without removing the transmission and bell housing . A pilot bushing fits into the back of the crankshaft and holds the transmission input shaft .New WordStationary 静止的，不动的，不变的，固定的Torsional (torsion,torque)扭转的，扭力的, Crank shaft曲轴，机轴Stall 停止，停转，迟延Mount 安放，设置，装上Groove 凹槽，沟Lever 杆，杠杆，控制杆Pivot 支点Gearbox 变速器Retract 缩回，缩进，收回，Compactness 紧密，简洁Drive train 传动系Drive shaft传动轴Pressure plate 压盘Clutch disc 离合器从动盘，离合器摩擦片Gear ratio 传动比Release bearing 分离轴承Release fork 分离拨叉Master cylinder 主缸Clutch pedal 离合器踏板Coupling device 结合装置At idle 空转。