下载文档原格式
UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS 背景知识：本节主要介绍汽车的基本组件。
Four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipment.Engine:acts as the power unit. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine).Body: I t provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo.Chassis: support engine and any other assembly parts. It includes power train, running gear, and steering and brake system.Power train（传动系）：― conve ys the drive to the wheels. Include: clutch、gear box （变速器）、universal joint、propeller shaft（传动轴）、drive axle（驱动桥）。
Running gear（行驶系）：― support the vehicle and ensure it stable running. Include: frame（车架）、axle housing（桥壳）、suspension（悬架）、wheel（车轮）。
Steering（转向系）：― controls the direction of the movement. Include: steering wheel, column（转向管柱）,steering gears（转向器）, linkages（转向传动机构）.Brake（制动系）：― slows down the vehicle. Include: brake pedal, master cylinder, brake lines（油管），brake cylinder（制动缸）and brakes（制动器）。
汽车英语-发动机部分（个人整理版）作者:fiat0012008-12-15 13:16 星期一晴第一部分发动机一、汽车发动机 Automobile Engines内燃机发动机是通过汽油和空气的混合而运行的，理想的空燃比是14.7份质量的空气和1份质量的汽油混合。
Internal combustion gasoline engines run on a mixture of gasoline and air. The ideal mixture is 14.7 parts air to one part of gasoline（by weight.）由于汽油比空气重得多，因此我们一直笼统地说成大量的空气和少量的燃油。
Since gas weights much more than air, we are talking about a whole lot of air and tiny bit of gas.当发动机点火后，一份被完全汽化的燃油和14.7份质量的空气混合，就能产生出巨大的动力。
One part of gas that is completely vaporized into 14.7 parts of air can produce tremendous power when ignited inside an engine.让我们来看一下现代发动机的工作原理。
Let’s see how the modern engine uses that energy to make the wheels turn.空气通过空气滤清器进入发动机，并进入节气门。
Air enters the engine through the air cleaner and proceeds to the throttle plate.通过油门踏板，你能控制经过节气门进入发动机的空气量。
空气然后通过进气歧管进入各个气缸。
Lesson 1. Petrol and Diesel Engines汽油发动机机和柴油发动机The explosive mixture of the petrol engine is provided by a carburettor, but in the case of the diesel engine the supply is effected by an injection or jerk pump which forces a shot of fuel into each cylinder in turn according to the correct firing sequence.翻译：汽油发动机由一个化油器输送可燃混合气体，而柴油发动机，由一个喷射泵或柱塞式燃油泵实现燃油供应，此泵根据正确的点火顺序把少量燃油依次压入每个汽缸。
The pump is actuated from a camshaft and the amount injected for each power stroke is extremely small at maximum output, indeed it may be less than 0.1 cm2 , Moreover, this charge must be metered with great and constant accuracy even while it is being variably controlled to regulate power from idling to maximum.It will be realised that efficient and economical running is largely dependent upon the fuel pump.翻译：通过凸轮轴驱动油泵。
每个功率冲程的燃油喷射量在最大输出功率时是非常微小的，实际上，可能小于0.1 cm2。
