初中中考名词专题复习
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备战2024中考二轮专题05:名词名词是表示人,事物和抽象概念的词,在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词;可数名词和不可数名词等。
一、名词的分类【知识拓展】集体名词的分类1. 本身是复数,如,cattle牛群,people人们,police警察。
2. 本身单复数均可表示,如audience观众,class班级,club俱乐部,mittee委员会,pany 公司,crew船员,enemy敌人,family家庭,government政府,group组,team队(当这一类词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义,如果作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式;如果指的是具体成员,则谓语动词用复数形式)►The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是构成社会的基本单位。
►My family are going on a trip this summer. 我们全家今年夏天要外出旅游。
二、名词的数可数名词有单、复数形式。
(一)名词复数形式的规则变化1. 一般在名词的结尾加s,在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音和元音后后读/z/。
exercise→exercises desk→desks2. 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,读/Iz/。
watch→watches box→boxes3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词,把y变i,再加es。
factory→factories lady→ladies4. 以f 或fe结尾的词,一般把f 或fe 改为v,加es。
wolf→wolves knife→knives5. 以o结尾的可数名词,有生命的加es,无生命的加s。
potato→potatoes piano→pianos【易错警示】1. 注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加s。
American→Americans 美国人Australian→Australians 澳大利亚人Canadian→Canadians 加拿大人German→Germans 德国人Greek→Greeks 希腊人Indian→Indians 印度人Russian→Russians 俄罗斯人2. 有些名词表面为复数形式,实为单数。
完整版)中考英语名词专项复习Noun Review for Middle School English ExamNouns can be classified into common nouns。
proper nouns。
XXX is a word that represents a person。
place。
thing。
or idea.Individual nouns XXX:Countable nouns: chair。
bookCollective nouns: people。
familyUncountable nouns: rain。
ice。
sunshine。
love。
knowledgeProper nouns:s of people: Jim。
Kate。
Li Lei。
Miss Gaos of places: China。
USA。
England。
Beijings of time concepts: Sunday。
Monday。
XXX。
January。
Februarys of holidays: New Year。
May Day。
Children's Day。
Women's Day。
Spring Festival。
Mid-Autumn Day。
nal Day。
Christmas Day。
Easter。
Father's Day。
Mother's Day。
Saint Valentine's Days of XXX groups。
often abbreviated: XXX。
UNWTO。
PLA。
PRC。
UFO。
BBC。
SOS。
UNIT。
NBA。
IQ。
EQ。
PERM。
BVIPXXX:1.Drinks: coffee。
milk。
XXX2.Food: rice。
bread。
meat。
porridge。
tofu3.Condiments: sugar。
salt。
XXX。
专题01-名词2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录1.名词的数(可数名词): (1)2.名词的数(不可数名词) (3)3.名词所有格 (3)4.牛刀小试 (4)1.名词的数(可数名词):英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式。
可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为:1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
如:book-books;pen-pens;eraser-erasers2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
如:bus-buses;box-boxes;watch-watches3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。
如:baby-babies;country-countries;city-cities注意:如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
如:boy-boys;toy-toys4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。
如:wife-wives;leaf-leaves;knife-knives5)以字母o结尾的可数名词,其复数形式一般加-s,或-es。
如:photo-photos;radio-radios;piano-pianos;tomato-tomatoes;potato-potatoes6)一些特殊变化的复数形式。
如:man/woman-men/women;child-children;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;mouse-mice7)有些名词的单复数形式相同:如:sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese注意:有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。
当这些名词指代一个单位、机构或被看成一个整体时,作单数形式理解;如果表示这个群体的所有成员,通常被看作复数。
2023年中考英语专题复习——名词(不可数名词)一、单选题1.Many medical workers are too busy to have lunch. Can we send some ___________________ to them?A.apple B.water C.bread D.egg2.It's not good to make___________ of her.A.wrong B.fun C.bad D.funny3.Give me three bottles of________. please.A.orange juices B.orange juice C.oranges4.—Are the family ___ of the boy?—Certainly. He's the family's___.A.proud, proud B.proud, pride C.pride, pride D.pride, proud 5.—Can I help you?—Please give me ________ about the trains to Daqing.A.a few informations B.a little informationsC.a little information D.a few information6.His cat's _____ made him ____ sad.A.dead; feeling B.death; feel C.died; feel7.After many year's ________, she realized her dream of winning a gold medal in the Olympics.A.hard work B.work hard C.hard-working D.working hardly 8.He began to feel _____________ because of his serious ___________.A.hopeful; ill B.hopeless; illnessC.hope; illness D.hopeless; ill9.There are many websites on the Internet and there__________ a lot of useful__________ on the websites.A.are; informations B.are; informationC.is; information D.is; informations10.How ________ she was to have the ________ to visit Shanghai!A.fortune; fortunate B.fortune; fortuneC.fortunate; fortune D.fortunately; fortune11.You can get much about the famous singer on the Internet.A.ticket B.map C.information D.picture12.Could you please me some ?A.give; advice B.giving; advicesC.give; advices D.to give; advice13.Spending too much playing computer games is bad for your .A.time; eye B.time; eyes C.times; eyes14.I can't believe the ___________ of that story.A.true B.truth C.truly D.truely15.Li Ming's cat last year, but when he thinks of its , he still feels sad.A.has died;die B.died;dying C.died;dead D.died;death 16.The old man________ cancer. His ________made us very sad.A.died from, dead B.died of, dyingC.died from, dying D.died of, death17.Can you give me some ______ on vacation sports?A.advice B.advices C.suggestion D.thinks18.Mrs Green gave us ______ on how to do it well.A.some advices B.many advices C.some advice D.an advice 19.Whenever I have any________/'dɪfɪkəlti/, I'll ask my parents for help first.A.discussion B.different C.difficulty D.difficult 20.Tony doesn't work hard because he hasn't realized the___________ of study.A.importance B.decision C.result D.project21.— I forgot to bring my notebook here. Could you please lend me two __________________, Linda?— OK, here you are.A.paper B.papersC.piece of paper D.pieces of paper22.—The new high-speed train "Fu Xing" ran at the speed of 350km/h .—Great! China has been had great in building the high-speed railway.A.successful; success B.successfully; successesC.successful; successes D.successfully; success23.I think that you have made rapid _____ in math.A.a progress B.progress C.progresses D.progressed24.I think that you have made such rapid __________ in maths.A.a progress B.progress C.progresses D.progressed 25.He is hungry. Give him ______to eat.A.two breads B.two piece of bread C.two pieces of bread26.—He is a successful businessman. After many years of hard work, he has lots of _________ now.—But he lives a simple life. He often gives his money to help students in poor places.A.wealth B.energy C.time27.The wounded man was covered with _________.A.blood B.bleed C.blooded D.bloods 28.There's little _______________ in the fridge. Let's go and buy some for breakfast.A.potato B.egg C.bread D.tomato 29.The children have ________________ for dinner every day.A.much fish B.many fish C.much fishes D.many fishes 30.— What happened this morning?— A woman was found in her house. She was attacked with a knife and bled to .A.dead; died B.dead; death C.death; died D.died; death答案解析部分一、单选题1.Many medical workers are too busy to have lunch. Can we send some ___________________ to them?A.apple B.water C.bread D.egg【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意:许多医务人员太忙了而不能吃午餐。
复习专题一名词一、概念名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。
二、特点1.名词根据其性质分为专有名词和非专有名词(即普通名词)。
专有名词表示人、地方、组织、机构等的专有名称,是众所周知,通常第一个字母要大写。
2.名词根据其可数性分为可数名词与不可数名词。
可数名词有复数形式,可以直接用数词修饰。
修饰可数名词的词或词组有:数词, many, few, a few, several, a great number of 等。
不可数名词没有复数形式,不可以直接用数词修饰,一般前面要用单位词来修饰。
修饰不可数名词的词或词组有:单位, much, little, a little, a great deal of, numbers of 等。
知识1 可数名词及其单复数(重点)一、名词复数规则变化二、名词复数不规则变化易混易错1.当名词前的修饰词是man或woman,变复数时,两个名词全都要变成复数形式; 如果修饰词是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。
如:a man teacher→two men teachersa woman singer→two women singersa boy student→two boy students2.“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式,必须用单数形式。
如:She is a five-year-old girl.她是一个五岁的女孩。
(five-year-old不能写成five-years-old) a five-pound note 一张五英镑的纸币a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑3.有些名词常以复数形式出现,如:trousers, socks, gloves, glasses, shoes, pants 等。
表达其数量时,常借助pair一词,如:a pair of trousers,two pairs of gloves。
中考复习专题名词复习一、初中英语名词1.—How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?—It's about two ______ ride by high-speed train.A. hourB. hour'sC. hoursD. hours'【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意:——从重庆到贵阳有多远?——坐高铁大约两小时的路程。
根据two只能只能用复数,排除A和B,而再由名词ride知道应该用所有格来修饰,排除C。
故选D。
【点评】考查名词所有格作定语。
2.On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the __________110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar.A. manB. menC. men'sD. mens'【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:4月24日,谢文军在卡塔尔举行的亚洲田径锦标赛男子110米栏比赛中夺得金牌。
hurdles,跨栏赛,名词复数,与man之间是所属关系,此处要用名词复数的所有格,men所有格不是以s 结尾,直接在复数后打撇加s,men's,故选C。
【点评】考查名词复数所有格的构成和用法。
注意名词复数的所有格的变化规则。
3.(•重庆)—It's hot today. Have some ________, please.—No, thanks. I'm not thirsty at all.A. waterB. potatoesC. breadD. cakes【答案】 A【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。
句意:—今天很热。
请喝一些水。
—不,谢谢。
我一点都不渴。
water水;potatoes土豆;bread面包;cakes蛋糕。
根据答语中I’m not thirsty at all.可知该选A。
中考名词讲解一、名词的定义Mike toy dog school man love表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。
二、名词的功能1) 作主语The whites are going to Beijing. Ten days has passed.Tom with his parents goes to the Disneyland every Sunday.2) 作宾语I like to play basketball with my classmates very much.3) 作介宾She was dancing with a dog called Mimi.4) 作表语Song Chengxian is my favorite actor all the time.5) 作定语These are apple trees. a sports meeting a clothes shop a student teacher6) 作定语This is my English teacher, Mr Li.7) 名词所有格Jack’s shirt the wall of the bedroom some friends of Jack’s some books of minethe key to the door a ticket for movie三、名词的分类1. 简单名词: boy girl toy box名词复合名词: classroom birthday moonlight2. 个体名词:girl, factory, desk, cat , country普通集体名词:people, police, team, clothes, group, crew名词物质名词:食品→bread, pork, cheese,chicken 饮料→milk, water, Coke不可数自然物→sand, soil, fog名词抽象名词:fun, health, happiness, courage, love, care1)人名、地名、国家名Jim Qingdao the Summer Palace Japan专有2)机构、组织、团体名Red Cross Society of China WTO WHO名词3)星期、月份、节日名Saturday November Christmas Day4)电影、书名、学科名The Sound of Music Pride and Prejudice English 3.名词类别具体概念A普通名词:凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词,都属于普通名词。
这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。
普通名词大致有以下四种类型:a.个体名词:作为个体而存在的人或物。
可以指具体的人或物,例如:He has two aunts.Most classrooms have computers.也可指抽象东西,例如:We’ve lived here for twenty years.I had a dream last night个体名词有复数形式,如:weeks, problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用,如:a week, a problem, an old man.b.集体名词:由个体组成的集体,下面是一些常见的集体名词:family(家,家庭)army(军队)company(公司;全体船员)enemy(敌人)government(政府)group(小组,团体)public(公众)team(队;组)police(警方)集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待。
一般说来,视为整体时作单数看待,想到它的成员时作复数看待:c.物质名词:指无法分为个体的东西,我们学过的常见的物质名词有:beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool等。
一般说来,物质名词是不可数折,因而没有复数形式。
但有一些特殊情况:①有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”,“一杯”:Tree beers, please. 请来三杯啤酒。
A chocolate ice-cream for me. 给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。
②有此物质名词可作可数名词,表示“一种”:It was a special tea which tasted of orange blossoms. 这是一种特别的茶,有桔子花叶。
It was a delicious wine. 那是一种美味的红酒。
③个别物质名词可用于复数形式或有特殊意义:It was now the time of the spring rains. 现在是春天雨季的时候。
Here are the snows of last year. 这是去看的积雪。
d.抽象名词:主要表示一些抽象概念,一般不可数,因此没有复形,前面也一般不加不定冠词a/an。
常见的抽象名词有:age, anger, beauty, childhood, death, duty, fear, fun, happiness, health, help, history, industry, joy, labour, love, luck, music, nature, peace, pleasure, power, safety, silence, sleep, time, training, travel, trust, truth, waste, weather, work, worth, youth等。
在多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词。
例如:safety first! 安全第一!It’s wonderful weather. 天气好极了。
但有时也加定冠词the,或不定冠词a/an.I shall never forget the beauty of that lake. 我永远不会忘记那个湖的美丽。
There’s a beauty in simplicity. 朴实之中有一种美。
B.专有名词:主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。
例如:1)人名:Mary, Mrs Green, Zhanghua2)地名:Beijing, West Lake3)某类人的名称:Americans, Russians4)某些抽象事物的名称:English, Chinese5)月份、周日及节日名称:May, Saturday, Easter6)书名、电影及诗歌的名称:Cone with the Wind7)对家人等的称呼:Mum, Dad, Uncle Tom※注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写。
C.可数名词与不可数名词1、可数名词是指表示人或事物,可以用数来计量的名词,有单复数之分。
如:glass-----glasses; book---- books2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。
如:paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。
3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。
Light travels faster than sound; (light:光线,不可数)The lights are on.(light:灯,可数)4、不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词一般无法用数来计算,前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量,它的量往往借助于容器来表示。
如:a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milk a piece of paper------two pieces of papera bag of rice------three bags of rice四、名词的数的用法:名词有单数与复数之分,中考中对名词数的考查多是针对名词复数而言的。
1. 可数名词的复数1)规则变化【巧学妙记】① 巧记f(e)结尾的名词之复数变化 ►直接+s :证据显示,悬崖、海湾、屋顶、农奴相信首领。
(proof, cliff, gulf, roof, serf, belief, chief)►去f(e)+ves :小偷妻子扫叶忙,架后发现亡命狼,命刀一下砍两半,留作晚上做羹汤。
(thief, wife, leaf, shelf, life, wolf, knife, half)② 巧记以o 结尾名词复数加-es 的单词►黑人英雄爱吃芒果、土豆、西红柿。
(Negro, hero, mango, potato, tomato)2) 不规则变化【巧学妙记】①各国人变复数:中日瑞不变, 英法荷变,其余s加后面。
Chinese, Japanese, Swiss单复数同形;Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman中man变为men;其余各国人,如German, American, Indian等均在后面直接加-s。
②单复数同形:中日养(羊)鱼鹿有方法。
Chinese, Japanese, sheep, fish, deer, means . (注:fish表示鱼的种类时,其复数形式是fishes) 3)集体名词的复数变化►形单实复的:人们在路上驱赶家禽与牛群,遇上警察民兵在维护治安,却见旁边一僧人在为死去的害虫祈祷(people, poultry, cattle, police, militia, clergy, vermin)►可单可复的:family, class, crew(船员), audience(听众), government, group, team等。
当这些名词指整体时,视为单数;指组成集体的各个成员时,则视为复数。
Her family is going to move. Her family are football fans.2.不可数名词的复数不可数名词的复数有两种表达方式:1) some, any, no, a bit, a little等修饰语+不可数名词some water/milk2) 基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词(数词决定量词单/复数形式)a glass of water two glasses of milk three boxes of pears中考常考不可数名词:information, weather, news, advice, fun等。