DB-WB Trainning

episode-based training一、简介Episode-basedtraining是一种常见的深度学习训练方法，它基于一系列的训练episodes来进行模型的训练。

这种方法通常用于处理序列数据，如自然语言处理、时间序列预测等任务。

与传统的批量训练方法相比，episode-basedtraining具有更高的灵活性，能够更好地处理动态、连续的数据。

二、工作原理在episode-basedtraining中，模型在一个episode内处理一批数据，通常包括一个起始状态和一系列可能的动作（即数据样本）。

模型在每个episode内根据当前状态和动作生成预测，并根据实际结果进行更新。

这种方法允许模型在连续的数据流中进行学习，而不需要事先加载整个数据集。

1.更高的灵活性：能够处理动态、连续的数据流，而不需要预先加载整个数据集。

2.更好的适应性和泛化能力：由于episode-basedtraining允许模型在连续的数据流中进行学习，因此它能够更好地适应各种变化和异常情况。

3.更高的计算效率：由于只需要处理单个episode中的一小部分数据，因此可以在更短的时间内完成训练，提高计算效率。

三、应用场景1.自然语言处理：在处理文本序列任务时，如情感分析、文本生成等，episode-basedtraining可以提供更好的适应性和泛化能力。

2.时间序列预测：episode-basedtraining在时间序列预测任务中表现优异，因为它能够捕捉到数据之间的动态关系。

3.强化学习：在强化学习中，episode-basedtraining允许模型在连续的环境中进行学习，从而更好地适应各种变化和异常情况。

四、实现方法1.定义episode：定义一个包含起始状态和一系列动作的episode。

每个动作都应包括相应的输入数据和标签。

2.模型训练：在每个episode中，根据当前状态和动作生成预测，并根据实际结果进行模型更新。

和老外聊天、发邮件常用英语缩写时间：2009-01-05 07:00前次和美国客户发邮件。

有个LMK的缩写。

想了半天，后天查了网络，才知道是LET ME KNOW 的意思。

我没有想的那么正确。

所以知道一些简单的缩写是很有必要的，我在网上查了一些。

不知道你们之前看过没。

数字：2 = to/too2B or not 2B = To be or not to be4 = for4ever = foreverA：ASL = Age/Sex/LocationAFAIC = As Far As I’m ConcernedAFAIK = As Far As I KnowAFK = Away From KeyboardAIAMU = And I’m A Monkey’s UncleAISI = As I See ItAKA = Also Known AsAMBW = All My Best WishesANFAWFOWS = And Now For A Word Word From Our Web SponsorAOTS = All Of The SuddenASAFP = As Soon As "Friggin" PossibleASAP = As Soon As PossibleATST = At The Same TimeAWGTHTGTTA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This AgainAWGTHTGTTSA = Are We Going To HaveTo Go Through This Sh AgainAYSOS = Are You Stupid Or SomethingB：B4 = BeforeB4N = Bye For NowBBFBBM = Body By Fisher, Brains by Mattel BBIAB = Be Back In A BitBBIAF = Be Back In A FewBBL = Be Back LaterBBN = Bye Bye NowBCNU = Be Seein’ YouBF = BoyfriendBFD = Big Fing DealBFN = Bye For NowBHOF = Bald Headed Old FartBIF = Basis In FactBITD = Back In The DayBiz = BusinessBM = Byte MeBMOTA = Byte Me On The AssBNF = Big Name FanBOHICA = Bend Over Here It Comes Again BR = BathroomBRB = Be Right BackBRT = Be Right ThereBS = Big SmileBT = Byte ThisBTDT = Been There Done ThatBTSOOM = Beats The Sh Out Of MeBTW = By The WayBTWBO = Be There With Bells OnBWDIK = But What Do I Know?BWO = Black, White or OtherC：Cam = Web CameraCIAO = Goodbye (in Italian)CID = Consider It DoneCIO = Check It OutCIS = CompuServe Information ServiceCMF = Count My FingersCof$ = Church of ScientologyCRAFT = Can’t Remember A Fing ThingCRAWS = Can’t Remember Anything Worth A Sh CSL = Can’t Stop LaughingCTC = Choaking The ChickenCU = See YouCUL/CYL/CUL8R = See You LaterCWYL = Chat With You LaterCYA = Cover Your AssD：DBEYR = Don’t Believe Everything You ReadDD = Due DiligenceDDD = Direct Distance DialDETI = Don’t Even Think ItDGT = Don’t Go ThereDHYB = Don’t Hold Your BreathDIIK = Damned If I KnownDILLIGAD = Do I Look Like I Give A d\amnDILLIGAS = Do I Look Like I Give A ShDKDC = Don’t Know Don’t CareDL = DownloadDLTM = Don’t Lie To MeDQYDJ = Don’t Quit You’re Day JobDRIB = Don’t Read If BusyDS = Dunce SmileyDYSTSOTT = Did You See The Size Of That Thing E：EG = Evil GrinEOM = End Of MessageESO = Equipment Smarter than OperatorF：F2F/FTF = Face To FaceFAQ = Frequently Asked QuestionFBKS = Failure Between Keyboard and SeatFE = For Example/Fatal ErrorFF&PN = Fresh Fields And Pastures NewFOAF = Friend Of A FriendFTASB = Faster Than A Speeding BulletFT = FaintFTL = Faster Than LightFTTB = For The Time BeingFUBAR = Fed Up Beyond All RecognitionFUBB = Fed Up Beyond BeliefFUD = (Spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and DisinformationFWIW = For What It’s WorthFYA = For Your AmusementFYI = For Your InformationFYM = For Your MisinformationG：G2G = Got To GoG8T/GR8 = GreatGAL = Get A LifeGDGD = Good,GoodGF = girlfriendGG = Good Game/Gotta GoGIGO = Garbage In, Garbage OutGIWIST = Gee, I Wish I’d Said ThatGL = Good LuckGLYASDI = God Loves You And So Do IGMTA = Great Minds Think AlikeGNBLFY = Got Nothing But Love For YouGR&D = Grinning Running And DuckingGRRRR = "Growling"GSOAS = Go Sit On A SnakeGTG = Got To GoGTGB = Got To Go, ByeGTGP = Got To Go PeeGTH = Go To HellGTSY = Glad To See YaGYPO = Get Your Pants OffBE A QUEEN. H：HAGO = Have A Good OneHAK = Hugs And KissesHB = Hurry BackHD = HoldHHO1/2K = Ha Ha, Only Half KiddingHHOK = Ha Ha, Only KiddingHIOOC = Help! I’m Out Of CoffeeHowz = How isHTH = Hope This (That) HelpsHUA = Heads Up AceHUYA = Head Up You’re aI：IAC = In Any CaseIAE = In Any EventIANAC = I Am Not A CrookIANAL = I Am Not A LawyerIBT = In Between TechnologyIBTD = I Beg To DifferIC = I See/In CharacterIDGAF = I Don’t Give A FIDGI = I Don’t Get ItIDK = I Don’t KnowIDKY = I Don’t Know YouIDST = I Didn’t Say ThatIDTS = I Don’t Think SoIFAB = I Found A BugIFU = I Fed UpIGGP = I Gotta Go PeeIIIO = Intel Inside, Idiot OutsideIIMAD = If It Makes An(y) DifferenceIIRC = If I Remember CorrectlyIIWM = If It Were MeILICISCOMK = I Laughed, I Cried, I Spat/Spilt Coffee/Crumbs/Coke On My KeyboardILY = I Love YouIMHO = In My Humble OpinionIMNSHO = In My Not So Humble OpinionIMO = In My OpinionINMP = It’s Not My ProblemINPO = In No Particular OrderIOH = I’m Outta HereIOW = In Other WordsIRL = In Real LifeISS = I Said SoITM = In The MoneyIYKWIM = If You Know What I MeanIYSS = If You Say SoJ：J/C = Just CheckingJ/K = Just Kidding!J/W = Just WonderingJAFO = Just Another Fing OnlookerK：K/KK = OK/OK, OKKFY = Kiss For YouKISS = Keep It Simple StupidKIT = Keep In TouchKMA = Kiss My AssKWIM = Know What I MeanKX = kissKYPO = Keep Your Pants OnL：L8R = LaterLD = Long DistanceLDTTWA = Let’s Do The Time Warp AgainLLTA = Lots And Lots Of Thunderous Applause LMAO = Laughing My Ass OffLMK = Let Me KnowLOL = Laughing Out Loud/Lots Of Luck(Love) LTIC = Laughing ’Til I CryLTNS = Long Time No SeeLYL = Love Ya LotsLYLAS = Love You Like A SisterM：M8T = MateMHOTY = My Hat’s Off To YouMM = Market MakerMorF = Male or Female?MOTD = Message Of The DayMOTSS = Members Of The Same SexMTFBWY = May The Force Be With YouMWBRL = More Will Be Revealed LaterMYOB = Mind Your Own BusinessN：N = And/Know/NowNAK = Nursing At KeyboardNAZ = Name, Address, Zip (also means Nasdaq) NBD = No Big DealNBIF = No Basis In Fact NFI = No Fing IdeaNFW = No Fing WayNIFOC = Nude In Front Of The ComputerNM = Never MindNMP = Not My ProblemNMU = Nothing Much YouNOYB = None Of Your BusinessNP = No ProblemNQOCD = Not Quite Our Class DearNRG = EnergyNRN = No Reply NecessaryNYCFS = New York City Finger SaluetO：OAUS = On An Unrelated SubjectOBTW = Oh, By The WayOIC = Oh, I SeeOICU = Oh, I See YouOMDB = Over My Dead BodyOMG = Oh My God/Oh My GoshOMIK = Open Mouth, Insert KeyboardONNA = Oh No, Not AgainOOC = Out Of CharacterOOTB = Out Of The Box/Out Of The BlueOT = Off TopicOTOH = On The Other HandOWTTE = Or Words To That EffectOZ = stands for "Australia"P：PEBCAK = Problem Exists Between Chair And KeyboardPEM = Privacy Enhanced MailPic = PicturePIMP = Peeing In My PantsPITA = Pain In The AssPLS/PLZ = PleasePMFJI = Pardon Me For Jumping InPO = Piss OffPOS = Parents Over ShoulderPOV = Point Of ViewPPL = PeoplePro = ProfessionalPS = By The Way/PhotoshopT：TAH = Take A HikeTANSTAAFL = There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free Lunch TARFU = Things Are Really Fed UpTDTM = Talk Dirty To MeTEOTWAWKI = The End Of The World As We Know It TFN = Thanks For Nothin’THX/TX/THKS = ThanksTIA = Thanks In AdvanceTIAIL = Think I Am In LoveTIC = Tongue In CheekTLA = Three Letter AcronymTLGO = The List Goes OnTM = Trust MeTMI = Too Much InformationTMTOWTDI = There’s More Than One Way To Do ItTPTB = The Powers That BeTSR = Totally Stuck in RAMTTFN = Ta Ta For NowTTT = That’s The Ticket/To The TopTTUL/TTYL = Talk To You LaterTWHAB = This Won’t Hurt A BitTY = Thank You TYVM = Thank You Very MuchU：U = YouUR = YourU R = You areunPC = unPolitically CorrectURYY4M = You Are Too Wise For Me V：VFM = Values For MoneyVG = Very GoodW：W AG = Wild Ass GuessW AI = What An IdiotWB = Welcome BackWCA = Who Cares AnywayWDYS = What Did You Say?WDYT = What Do You Think?WE = WhateverWEG = Wicked Evil GrinWG = Wicked GrinWGAFF = Who Gives A Flying F WIIFM = What’s In It For Me?WIT = Wordsmith In TrainingWITFITS = What in the F is this ShWOG = Wise Old GuyWot/Wut = WhatWRT = With Respect To/With Regard To WTF = What The FWTG = Way To Go!WTSDS = Where The Sun Don’t ShineWYMM = Will You Marry MeWYP = What’s Your Problem?WYRN = What’s Your Real Name?WYS = Whatever You SayWYSIWYG = What You See Is What You Get WYT = Whatever You ThinkX：X U = Kiss YouY：Y = WhyYa = YouYA = Yet AnotherYAFIYGI = You Asked For It You Got It YDKM = You Don’t Know MeYep/Yup = YesYGBK = You Gotta Be Kiddin’YMMV = Your Mileage May VaryYNK = You Never KnowYOYO = You’re On Your OwnYR = Yeah, RightYSYD = Yeah, Sure You DoYTTT = You Telling The Truth?YYSSW = Yeah Yeah Sure Sure Whatever。

网上培训（WBT）的基本形式和选择第l5卷2005年第3期现代教育技术ModemEducationalTechnology,b1.15NoI32oo5网上培训(WBT)的基本形式和选择张军征于文山西大同大学教育技术系山西大同037009【摘要】WBT是远程职业培训方案的基本组成部分,分为网络个别化培训,网络电子绩效支持系统,网络虚拟异步课堂,网络虚拟同步课堂等形式,分别适合于认知学习的不同目的和类型,以及学习者的需要和条件,本文结合实例介绍这些形式的特点和选择因素.【关键词】Web—basedTraining,学习类型,WBT类型【中图分类号】G434【文献标识码】B【论文编号】1009--8097(2005)03—0059—O7基于网络的远程职业培训正在受到国内教育工作者和企业关注.由于培训类型的多样性和复杂性,网上培训(Web—basedTraining)往往需要与传统课堂教学,以及计算机个别化培训(CBT)结合,设计混合的解决方案.分析学习类型是确定混合培训方案的基础.培训的学习类型可以分为认知学习,动作技能学习和情感学习三类.然而在实际培训中,很难找到一个培训目标只对应于一种学习类型,大多数情况下涉及到两种以上学习类型,例如注射技术培训包含认知学习和动作技能学习,保险推销技能培训包含认知学习和情感学习等.哪类学习内容适于WBT,哪类不适于WBT,一直是争论最激烈且没有形成结论的问题,由于学习内容,技术条件,学习者等各方面情况的复杂性,WBT的适用性不可能得出统一的结论.从当前实际应用的情况来看,认知技能最适于通过网络传授,因为它们能够以语言,文本,数字和符号的形式传递给学习者.动作技能的获得需要在实际环境中或对实际对象进行练习和反馈,在网上不易实现.在情感与态度学习中,网络具有提供示范,影响态度的功能,但是一般难以获得面对面教学那样的效果.由上所述,在开发远程培训项目时,首先要分析培训目标,明确学习类型,然后考虑混合的培训方案,最后对其中WBT教学选择合适的形式及其结合方法. 选择WBT形式的基本依据是认知领域学习目标分析, 按照目标由低到高的层次,与识记,领会,应用等目标相关的问题一般属于良构问题,与分析,综合,评收稿日期:2004年l1月1日价相关的问题属非良构问题.WBT有四种基本形式,这些形式在培训中也是可以相互结合的,它们分别是网络个别化培训(W/CBT), 网络电子绩效支持系统(W/EPSS),网络虚拟异步课堂(W/VAC),网络虚拟同步课堂(W/VSC).分述如下.一,网络个别化培训(Web/Computer-BasedTraining)基于网络的个别化培训(W/CBT)相似于传统的多媒体计算机辅助培训(CBT),学习者自定步调学习,交互表现为学习者对分支的选择上.W/CBT的特点见表l.这种培训的特点表现在教学流程的设计上.学习者个人以自定步调学习,课程呈现结构化的问题,用来教授识记,领会和应用层次的内容,通过可测量的学习结果进行评价,并且预期学习者应该完成与给定目标有关的内容.W/CBT与传统的CBT的最主要的不同是W/CBT能够提供人际交互,而CBT只有人机交互,也就是说学习者能与教师进行电子邮件交流,或是链接到在线讨论区.有些W/CBT系统能够跟踪学习者,记录学习过程和结果,发布评价结果,提示学习者登录等.实例一:PC机基础知识培训()这一培训项目适于公司员工通过个别化学习了解PC机的硬件组成知识,以识记和领会层次的学习目标为主,培训内容有清晰的模块化结构,见图l.培训内容分为Pc机组件的概述,主板和内存,硬盘和SCSI,显示及外设等四个单元,每一单元的内容包括可测量学习目标陈述,图文并茂的知识讲解,关于讲解内容的及时检测和反馈,每单元结束时安排在线单元测验.59表1W./CBT的特点特点描述麻用目的通过可测量f1勺目标,给学jJ者提供基f行为的培训自定步调学J者可以在方便的时间,按自己的速度和进度学习.完成每课和内窖模块个别化学习学习昔通过独学掌握技能,尤其适合于重复性技能的练爿需要扣I!_{到得,理解,实际技能应用等有关韵M题,适于清楚的正确和借误答高度结构化题塞的课题.教师或课狂开发青能够描述簪寨,提供反馈,强化和娇n.教学目标的_j删董.使得内容有町能分解为结构清晰的模块.学菏应依次完内存模块化l垃J壬I互舒高晌草,e村料晟终表现出对目标的掌握竺.麓掣豸'.要_『誓作王,篡曩荐和矗能三.;:;及三坚登.莲父篆箍茗时晶盎指:,心量学釜煮,主主蒿若i,'事,讨论区,阶进式培训课程,个别化学刊模块,以一…………'～一"'…………….…表2+./EPSS的特点特点描述应用目的绐学者提供洲时所需的实际知识和问题解决技能自定需求学J青决定fI么蚪J自j,以什么方式和细致程度使用~'/EPSS个别化学学爿名蚀立学爿解决个^工作问题{}良构问题适f解决需要舒析,综台,建立关系和组织的问题,以埋没有明确的止确午l1错议笄案的题.学习目的即时-学习者在[作所需要ff勺时问和场台使用~/EPSS,而是为今后的需要而储备知+/EPSS帮助学习者处理1E良构问题是理想的,这类问题没有简单的正确或错误答案.涉及到许多变化因素,难以预测所有的可能祥决案W..,EPSS与传统EPSS之问的主要差别同样是由于网络的应用.基于嘲络的EPSS能拾学习者提供链接.从中央服务器得到及时更新的工作步骤,过程,要点,60规定,检捌袁和术语解释等叫络提供了整台的工具,并且能把学习者与同事和专家联系起来,构成包括讨论区,在线论坛,新闻组,工作文件在内cI{_I环境,用户可以发布信息需求,工作建议,问逝解答,创建一种随时间而增匠的资源.实例二:Ouicken财务管理软件应用培训()Quicken是一个适合于小型企业和个人使用的财务管理软件,软件开发商为其用户开发了网上EPSS系统(QuickenLearningCenter),供用户自主查询学习.所提供的内容为企业策划与启动,赢利诀窍,建立企业形象,掌握和吸引顾客,员工雇佣和管理等非良构问题,见图2,该页面右侧是对每类内容的说明,点击链接会进入相关资源.该系统提供的资源包括范例(样本),软件介绍,交互式模拟工具,相关文章,专家解答等.例如,解决企业策划与启动问题的资源如图3,其中有启动计划样本,交互式模拟预算工具(InteractiveToolS),关于企业规划的文章,专家组列表等,可以满足学习者不同层次的需求.用户点击相关栏目可以得到详尽的帮助.http.//…qu1ckenlcorn/sma11一busi…s/1…1ng—center/r_7Tr三了了llQUI(kens.ttwatelInvesringlTaxeslHomeLonlInsuranQuoteslBills&Banking■霸f龋*{iIT;lfj●l;jL●T,1f翟llll:￡li-IIiI!I●r-J-l'::"…ClickalinkbeI.wforalistofhelpfularticlesrelatedtothattopic-GetStarted.DoIlarsandCents.tt!l壁d.K『]0wvourFr0mnamingyourbusinesstodecidingbetweenasoleproprietorshipandan _Custor.rler0LLC.gettipsogettingY ourbusinossoff"thegroundBonefitErnDIovees.D0IIarsandCents'rn...etGetdetaiIsonaccopting(andcolIecting)Paymentfr0mYourcustomerseasiY -lnsicIeY ourusinessn…nI…I,Manaaevo...内容分类栏目mnIBu…ild…you…rre…pu…tati,onland…wa+…tchy…ourcusto…me..nrbase…gr…ow..GalnInslg.nGainCustomers.BenefitEmn10,,eesIunvour0fceFlndhowtohlre.Dav.andDrotectvouremD10veeswhlIecomDIvlnciwithalIth e0ck.|1BI|si},erulesandregulations一一百lIIi垫l=曼.Pr0tectv0urAssets.…I~1...～in:…………'……"……"……………………'.I心'§llitL董熏,Ju.:~vmulunullm三,网络虚拟异步课堂(Web/VirtualAsynchronousClassroom)在网络虚拟异步课堂的形式中,学习者和教师在不同的时间访问互联网,接受教师指导,分享学习经验.网络虚拟异步课堂的具体形式随系统而不同,常用的交互方式有电子邮件,讨论区,在线测验,超媒体,情景模拟等.利用这些交流工具,能够开展伙伴学习,小组学习,教师个别辅导.在共同目标的驱动和广泛交流的连接下,地理上分散的学习者形成了社区意识.表3列出了网络虚拟异步课堂的特点.它的最重要特点是群体化学习,而不像W/CBT和W/EPSS,后两种是为个体学习者设计的.W/VAC课程是为小组合作学习而设计的,这种培训形式的目标只有在群体学习环境中才能最好地实现,包括学习者共同开展头脑风暴,案例分析和问题解决等.w/wc适于非良构的问题和课题,引导学习者应61用规则,原理和概念解决复杂的,变化的没有唯一正确答案的问题,例如商场经理如何提高销售额,人力资源部经理怎样招募季节工人,医生怎样利用病人的病历等部是适于W/VAC的课题.因为这类课题可以通过提供实际情境中的规则,步骤,过程,练习等来帮助学习者,使他们掌握分析,综合,评价等技能.袁3w,vAc的特点特点描述应用目的异步交互环境中提供群体学习和交流学习者拭同工作,完成项目,案例研究和练爿.开展协作学刊活动如头脑风暴,讨群体化学习论和问题解决等,激励学习者相互学习,以及向教师学习.自定参与时间学习者和教师可以在自己台适的时间.独立进入网络,参加群体学习.需要应用,分析,综合评价的低结构化问厨适于教师和课程开发者能够确定学低结构化问题习结果,和顶估学习营所需要的大韶分资源的课题.教师的作用是提供灵活的帮助,支持学列者在探究过程中提出的没有预期的课题或新问题=学习目的预期性学习者参加培训的目的是满足当前的或预汁将来会出现的知识与技能不足连续多次活动小组工作和项目需要分几个阶段完成.园而需要安排多敬虚拟课堂活动与传统课堂教学相比,W,."V AC的主要优势是地理开放性和时间自主性,在人际交互的广泛性和发生频度方面,也有明显的优越性.但是它对当地学习者的吸引力很弱.实例三:Exce]2000应用培训(elementk.CO01)这是一个历时四周的培训项目,学习者离线练习Excel2000的基本操作,在网上研究它的实际应用算表,如何使用工作簿,比较工作簿中使用单一表单和多个表单的优点等,这些都属J低结构化问题.图4显示了每一课的基本结构,包括概述,离线阅读安排及网上讨论任务,访问网站(FieIdTrip)及讨论任务,练习活动及讨论任务,在线测验及解答等,课的结构和内容是基于预期的学习过程和结果.每一课在概述(Overview)中提出学习月标,包括识记,操例如,用Excel创建一个市场分析表单,编制投资预作,创建,比较等多个层次}圈鹾瞧萤薹耋匡匿鬟萋霆萄蓁雾藿团霪蜇留霭疆翻蓖霾目目毽璧誓睡塑窿雪霜i嗣藿7/m4eE11.B,13a]4(El3jExcel2000:WorksheetsIn0tc.orJohsm^h●Dratl.Tea,nq{}sta…一Doe0§c———————————0eE3lank巷≤I课的内容与活动J霎.\/——————一T…日ew山be.penf打4wee~s●I口l…&h…d"dIll…ad,3ora1)i-S~tdgNtlntrodud●oI博cBU…ad,11Tota{)■L…1U…ad,44TotaOCOILIrs60v日rview2垃nJ啦EDdUn…d…o)cE-?r●LHuL1Bi■nuL自目t皿叫∞u…?1k】ceL2000W0岫h…………b蜊cworks}]…一Li#|n1EIELn工￡『u…………,(E1.I姜s柚db.wwork似<~atamw6;heet..md 一LHuL1LE[￡u^I?…1arora1)EI?r羹IllLi雎nn1l出∞u^I……rEl……薹rmah.nonb山日8.re鼬8a一c啦.andprlntm~gL《g∞nJbLⅡ∞碹口Un……T0:善wod~heetn7have……edExcel2000b~fore.OThaveIllst"ⅡⅡⅡjL蛆∞U……T…(El…t季becomeurEdhy嘴toIc—ity0一啪…一出.一IL…20un…d,∞Tmb莺y.u1.hewayto~io口rqclc蚰d…妇'IllL…30Unread/6TotaO_L…4∞ur日ad/ICJTola『)CEU●2_G…r4Isdan~D●虻'瞄lon.Ar-aunreadⅡ-i0女;黜}#}r■1匿～一一.一I图4第1课(Lesson1)的结构图5页面右侧显示练习活动步骤及随后的讨论题第1课的讨论题是:什么是响应率?什么是当前销售率?根据统计结果,你是否建议另一次广告宣传尝试以启动企业?显然这是一个没有唯一正确答案的问题.该课程的技术结构是～个BBS讨论板,界面右侧是教师和学生交流的区域教师的活动包括发布教学安排信息,教学内容,以及在讨论中的指导.学生在阅读,访问网站,咀及练习活动时,可以在同一栏目下的讨论区发帖子表达意见.此外,还有学生自我介绍(StudentIntroductions),和共同讨论区(General StudentDiSCUSSjonArea)作为辅助交流环境.共同讨论区又分为系统管理员(Sysop)支持,学生支持讨论区,共享资源,自由交流区(CommunityRoom)等,见图6其中学生支持讨论区的主题是与学习内容相关,但课程没有包含的.共享资源是学生把好的资源贴上推荐给同学们的空间,自由交流区中学生可以讨论任何与Excel没有直接联系的话题,在交流学习的全过程中,系统管理员帮助教师和学生组织信息,支持交互涌动.图5练习活动步骤利讨论题目图6辅助交流环境四,网络虚拟同步课堂(WebP/irtuaISynchronous CIassroom)虚拟同步课堂教师和学习者同时在线,常用的通信工具有共享白板,共享应用软件,音领会议,视频会议,聊天室,共享白板能让学习者轮流在上面书写, 共享应用软件如电子表格,可以让学习者作为一个群体来填写数据,公式或修改栏目,视频会议和音频会议能让学习者实时交互聊天室以一种结构化的方式, 组织学习者在同一时段内进行文本对话虚拟同步教室与虚拟异步课堂有一些共同特点,主要是适于群体化学习和非良构问题的学习,主要不同之处是要求所有参与者同时在线,见表4网络虚拟同步教室与传统的课堂教学非常相似,但网络教学是地理开放的,资源的种类和数量远远超过课堂教学,在人际交流方面也明显优于课堂情境. 实例四:学习评价方法的培训()这一培训项目是面向E—Learning开发和实施人员的,采用白板支持的音频会议环境,它的交互界面如图7,该图示关于"如何分析总结性评价"的单元同步讲解和讨论活动.右侧为参与者列表和学习内容(材料)列表,左侧是电子白板,呈现教师准备的视觉材料.并可以在教学中圈点注释.在参与者列表中,可以显示出学习者的活动状态,包括举手,暂63时退出,发表文本意见,以及表示各种情绪的图形.保证了同步视听讲解,师生问答,学生讨论的活动.界面的右上方是参与者控制声音效果的按钮.该系统表4W/VSC的特点特点描述应用目的在实时环境中提供协作学习学习者共同工作,完成项目,案例研究和练习.应用协作学习策略如头脑风暴,讨论和群体化学>J问题解决等,激励学习者相互学习,以及向教师学习.按预定时间参与学习者和教师在商定的时间同时上网学习.需要对信息综合,评价,以及共享经验的问题,适于受多种变量影响,复杂的课题.问非良构问题题没有清楚的正确或错误答案,或是不可能有简单的答案.学习目的预期性学习者参加培训的目的是满足当前的或预计将来会出现的知识与技能不足.图7"如何分析总结性评价"的教学界面图8整理填写讨论意见的白板表格培训课程中每一单元的教学基本过程相似,都是以非结构化的问题为先导,讲解与讨论结合,得出共同认识.如上例中,教师首先提出讨论问题,学习者在线发言,在此基础上,教师把讨论的各种意见整理填写的白板的表格中,见图8.最后要求学习者对表格中的A,B,C,D四种意见做选择回答,系统即时统计和显示学习者的反应,见图9.教师根据学习者的反应做进一步的讲解,提出自己的看法.总的来说,远程职业培训是追求商业效益的活动,在混合的培训方案中,选择和应用合适的WBT形式,将使培训经济有效,优化WBT的关键是分析培训目标,认知层次,活动形式,学习者的需要和条件.图9即时统计和显示学习者的反应参考文献[1]MargaretDriscoli.Web—BasedTraining[M].SanInstructionalDesign[.SanFrancisco,CA:Jossey—Bass/Pfeiffer,2000[3]张军征.基于网络的培训课程设计的探讨[J].现代教Francisco,CA:Jossey—Bass/Pfeiffer,2002育技术,2004,(2)[2]Wil1iamW.Lee,DianaL.I~ens.multimedia-Based Web—basedTrainingModesandProperChoiceZhangJunzheng,YuWenDepartmentofEducationalTechnology,ShanxiDatongUniversity,Datong,037009 Abstract:Web—basedTrainingistheessentialcomponentofdistancetrainingsolutions.Itconsistsoffourmaj ortypes.Web—BasedPersonalizedTraining,Web—basedPerformanceSupportSystem,Web—basedVirtualAsynchronousClassroomandWeb—basedVirtual SynchronousClassroom,cateringfordifferentgoalsandcognitivelearning,aswellaslearner 'Sdesireandsituation.Withexamplesthispaperintroducesthe~amres,~cmrsandappropriateuseofthesetrainingmodes.Keywords:Web—basedTraining,LearningType,WBTMode,Choice责任编辑:宋树在职培训出现"温度转换"近几年,培训市场上一直火爆的外语,管理,财会,计算机等热门培训开始出现降温,而过去不太热的工程技术,法律,商务写作等实务培训则迅速升温.据可锐职业顾问调研中心专项调查数据显示,求职者对热门培训的热情正在降低,52%的求职者反映花费高额培训费之后,效果并不理想,对自己的工作没有大的帮助;35%的求职者跟风参加热门培训;13%的求职者半途而废,没有等到培训完毕就放弃了.67%的人表示不再投资参加热门培训.可锐职业顾问分析,一些热门职业培训之所以跌入低谷并受到各方质疑,除了培训课程与岗位职责结合偏差之外,还有另外一些因素,如培训项目定位缺少针对性,导致实用性降低;求职者缺少职业规划的指导,选择培训存在盲目性,这个问题已开始引起培训单位和个人的注意.(资料来源:在线教育资讯/newarticle/articles/1/4086.htm1)(编辑:李雅乔)65。

db 文本检测实践摘要：1.文本检测的定义和重要性2.DB 文本检测的实践方法3.DB 文本检测的实际应用案例4.DB 文本检测的优缺点和未来发展方向正文：一、文本检测的定义和重要性文本检测是指从图像或视频中提取出文本信息，是计算机视觉领域的一项重要任务。

在众多应用场景中，文本检测起着至关重要的作用，例如：防伪、信息提取、图像检索等。

随着深度学习技术的发展，文本检测算法在准确率和效率上都取得了显著的提升。

二、DB 文本检测的实践方法1.数据集准备：首先，需要收集大量的图像数据，其中包含不同风格、大小、颜色和旋转角度的文本。

数据集的质量和多样性对模型的训练效果至关重要。

2.模型选择：在DB 文本检测中，常用的模型有：基于深度学习算法的文本检测模型，如Faster R-CNN、YOLO 和SSD 等。

3.模型训练：将准备好的数据集输入到选择的模型中进行训练。

在训练过程中，需要对模型的参数进行优化，以提高模型在测试集上的准确率。

4.模型评估：在训练完成后，需要使用测试集对模型进行评估，以确定模型在未知数据上的泛化能力。

三、DB 文本检测的实际应用案例1.证件照文字提取：在证件照中，需要将姓名、身份证号等重要信息提取出来，以便进行信息核对。

2.纸质文档文字识别：在扫描仪扫描纸质文档后，需要对文档中的文字进行识别和提取。

3.图像中广告信息提取：在网络图片中，需要对广告信息进行提取，以便进行广告投放分析。

四、DB 文本检测的优缺点和未来发展方向1.优点：DB 文本检测具有较高的准确率和效率，能够实现自动化、智能化的信息提取。

2.缺点：在复杂场景和特殊字体的情况下，DB 文本检测的准确率可能会受到影响。

同时，模型训练和优化需要大量的计算资源和时间。

和老外聊天、发邮件常用英语缩写邮件里常用的四个英文缩写CC,FYI,ASAP,RESEND抄送Literalmeaning:CarbonCopy.Whenusedinane-mail ,itmeanstosendacopyofthee-mailtosomeoneelse. Hiddenmeaning:IfyouareontheCClist,youmaysimp lyreadthee-mail.You'renotalwaysobligatedtoreply. Butifane-mailsenttoyouhasyourboss'e-mailontheC Clist,watchout.Whenthebossisinvolved,you'dbetter takethee-mailmoreseriously.2.FYI4=forA：ASL=Age/Sex/LocationAFAIC=AsFarAsI’mConc ernedAFAIK=AsFarAsIKnowAFK=AwayFromKeyboardAIAMU=AndI’mAMonkey’sUncleAISI=AsISeeItAKA=AlsoKnownAsAMBW=AllMyBestWishesANFAWFOWS=AndNowForAWordWordFromO urWebSponsor AOTS=AllOfTheSuddenASAFP=AsSoonAs"Friggin"PossibleASAP=AsSoonAsPossibleATST=AtTheSameTimeAWGTHTGTTA=AreWeGoingToHaveToGoThr oughThisAgainAWGTHTGTTSA=AreWeGoingToHaveToGoTh roughThisShAgainAYSOS=AreYouStupidOrSomethingB：BT=ByteThisBTDT=BeenThereDoneThatBTSOOM=BeatsTheShOutOfMeBTW=ByTheWayBTWBO=BeThereWithBellsOnBWDIK=ButWhatDoIKnow?BWO=Black,WhiteorOtherC：Cam=WebCameraCIAO=Goodbye(inItalian)CID=ConsiderItDoneCIS=CompuServeInformationServiceCMF=CountMyFingersCof$=ChurchofScientologyCRAFT=Can’tRememberAFingThing CRAWS=Can’tRememberAnythingWorthASh CSL=Can’tStopLaughingCTC=ChoakingTheChickenCU=SeeYouCUL/CYL/CUL8R=SeeYouLaterD：E：EOM=EndOfMessageESO=EquipmentSmarterthanOperatorF：F2F/FTF=FaceToFaceFAQ=FrequentlyAskedQuestionFBKS=FailureBetweenKeyboardandSeatFE=ForExample/FatalErrorFF&PN=FreshFieldsAndPasturesNewFOAF=FriendOfAFriend FTASB=FasterThanASpeedingBulletFT=FaintFTL=FasterThanLightFTTB=ForTheTimeBeingFUBAR=FedUpBeyondAllRecognitionFUBB=FedUpBeyondBeliefFUD=(Spreading)Fear,Uncertainty,andDisinforma tionFWIW=ForWhatIt’sWorthFYA=ForYourAmusementFYI=ForYourInformationGYPO=GetYourPantsOffBEAQUEEN.H：HAGO=HaveAGoodOneHAK=HugsAndKissesHB=HurryBackHD=HoldHHO1/2K=HaHa,OnlyHalfKiddingHHOK=HaHa,OnlyKiddingHIOOC=Help!I’mOutOfCoffeeHowz=HowisHTH=HopeThis(That)Helps HUA=HeadsUpAceHUYA=HeadUpYourAI：IAC=InAnyCaseIAE=InAnyEventIANAC=IAmNotACrookIANAL=IAmNotALawyerIBT=InBetweenTechnologyIOH=I’mOuttaHereIOW=InOtherWordsIRL=InRealLifeISS=ISaidSoITM=InTheMoneyIYKWIM=IfYouKnowWhatIMean IYSS=IfYouSaySoJ：J/C=JustChecking J/K=JustKidding!J/W=JustWonderingJAFO=JustAnotherFingOnlookerK：K/KK=OK/OK,OKKFY=KissForYouKISS=KeepItSimpleStupidKIT=KeepInTouchKMA=KissMyAssKWIM=KnowWhatIMeanMTFBWY=MayTheForceBeWithYou MWBRL=MoreWillBeRevealedLater MYOB=MindYourOwnBusinessN：N=And/Know/NowNAK=NursingAtKeyboardNAZ=Name,Address,Zip(alsomeansNasdaq) NBD=NoBigDealNBIF=NoBasisInFactNFI=NoFingIdeaNFW=NoFingWayNIFOC=NudeInFrontOfTheComputer NM=NeverMindNMP=NotMyProblemNMU=NothingMuchYouNOYB=NoneOfYourBusinessNP=NoProblemNQOCD=NotQuiteOurClassDearNRG=EnergyNRN=NoReplyNecessaryO：P：oardPIMP=PeeingInMyPantsPITA=PainInTheAssPLS/PLZ=PleasePMFJI=PardonMeForJumpingInPO=PissOff/productorder/purchaseorder POS=ParentsOverShoulderPOV=PointOfViewPPL=PeoplePro=ProfessionalPS=ByTheWay/Photoshop S:SS:spring/summerT：TAH=TakeAHikeTANSTAAFL=ThereAin’tNoSuchThingAsAFree LunchTARFU=ThingsAreReallyFedUpTDTM=TalkDirtyToMeTEOTWAWKI=TheEndOfTheWorldAsWeKnow U=YouUR=YourUR=YouareunPC=unPoliticallyCorrectURYY4M=YouAreTooWiseForMeV：VFM=ValuesForMoneyVG=VeryGoodYYSSW=YeahYeahSureSureWhatever W：WAG=WildAssGuessWAI=WhatAnIdiotX：Y：。

u you ur yr thx 4your year thanks for 2B or not 2B 4ever To Be Or Not To Be Forever A/S/L Age/Sex/Location AFAIC AFAIK AFK As Far As I'm Concerned As Far As I Know Away From Keyboard AIAMU AISIAnd I'm A Monkey's Uncle As I See It AKA Also Known As AMBW ANFAWFOWS AOTSAll My Best Wishes And Now For A Word Word From Our Web Sponsor All Of The Sudden ASAFP ASAP As Soon As "Friggin" Possible As Soon As Possible ATST At The Same Time AWGTHTGTTA AWGTHTGTTSA AYSOSB4Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Again Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Sh**Are You Stupid Or Something Before B4N Bye For Now BBFBBM BBIAB BBIAF BBLBody By Fisher, Brains by Mattel Be Back In A Bit Be Back In A Few Be Back Later BBN Bye Bye Now BCNU BFDBe Seein' You Big F***ing Deal Bye For Now BFNBHOF BIFBald Headed Old Fart Basis In Fact BITD Back In The Day Byte Me BMBMOTA BNFByte Me On The Ass Big Name Fan BOHICA BRBend Over Here It Comes Again Bathroom BRB Be Right Back BRT Be Right There BS Big Smile BTByte This BTDTBTSOOMBTWBeen There Done That Beats The Sh** Out Of Me By The Way BTWBOBWDIKBWOCIAOCIDBe There With Bells On But What Do I Know? Black, White or Other Goodbye (in Italian) Consider It Done CIOCheck It Out CISCompuServe Information Service Count My Fingers CMFCof$Church of Scientology Can't Remember a F***ing Thing Can't Remember Anything Worth A Sh** Can't Stop Laughing Choaking The Chicken See You Later CRAFTCRAWSCSLCTCCUL8RCWYLCYAChat With You Later Cover Your Ass CYLSee You Later DBEYRDDDon't Believe Everything You Read Due Diligence DDDDirect Distance Dial Don't Even Think It DETIDGTDon't Go There DHYBDILLIGADDILLIGASDKDCDLTMDQYDJDRIBDYSTSOTTEGDon't Hold Your Breath Do I Look Like I Give A Damn Do I Look Like I Give A Sh** Don't Know Don't Care Don't Lie To Me Don't Quit You're Day Job Don't Read If Busy Did You See The Size Of That Thing Evil Grin EOMEnd Of Message ESOEquipment Smarter than Operator Face-to-Face F2FFBKSFEFailure Between Keyboard and Seat Fatal Error FF&PNFOFresh Fields and Pastures New F*** Off FOAFFTASB Friend Of A Friend Faster Than A Speeding Bullet FTLFaster Than Light For The Time Being F***ed Up Beyond All Recognition F***ed Up Beyond Belief (Spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and For What It's Worth For Your Amusement For Your Information For Your Misinformation Get A Life FTTBFUBARFUBBFUDFWIWFYAFYIFYMGALGGGood Game or Gotta Go Garbage In, Garbage Out Gee, I Wish I'd Said That Good Luck GIGOGIWISTGLGLYASDIGMTAGNBLFYGR&DGR8God Loves You And So Do I Great Minds Think Alike Got Nothing But Love For You Grinning Running And Ducking Great GRRRRGSOASGTG"Growling" Go Sit On A Snake Got To Go GTGBGTGPGTHGot To Go, Bye Got To Go Pee Go To Hell GTSYGYPOHAGOHAKGlad To See Ya Get Your Pants Off Have A Good One Hugs And Kisses HBHurry Back HDHold HHO1/2K HHOKHIOOCHTHHa Ha, Only Half Kidding Ha Ha, Only Kidding Help! I'm Out of Coffee Hope This (That) Helps Heads Up Ace HUAHUYAIACHead Up Your A** In Any Case IAEIn Any Event IANACIANALIBTI Am Not A Crook I Am Not A Lawyer In Between Technology I Beg To Differ IBTDIC In Character IDGAF IDGII Don't Give A F*** I Don't Get It IDK I Don't Know IDKY IDST IDTS IFAB IFUI Don't Know You I Didn't Say That I Don't Think So I Found A Bug I F***ed Up IGGP IIIOI Gotta Go Pee Intel Inside, Idiot Outside If It Makes An(y) Difference If I Remember Correctly If It Were Me IIMAD IIRC IIWMILICISCOMK ILYI Laughed, I Cried, I Spat/Spilt I Love You IMHO IMNSHO IMO In My Humble Opinion In My Not So Humble Opinion In My Opinion INMP INPO IOH It's Not My Problem In No Particular Order I'm Outta Here IOW In Other Words IRL In Real Life ISS I Said So ITM In The Money IYKWIM IYSSJ/CIf You Know What I Mean If You Say So Just Checking J/K Just Kidding! J/W Just Wondering JAFO KFY Just Another F***ing Onlooker Kiss For You KISS KIT Keep It Simple Stupid Keep In Touch KMA KWIM KYPO L8RKiss My Ass Know What I Mean Keep Your Pants On Later LD Long Distance LDTTWA LLTA LMAO LMK LOLLet's Do The Time Warp Again Lots And Lots Of Thunderous Applause Laughing My Ass Off Let Me Know Laughing Out Loud -or- Lots of Luck (or Love) LTICLaughing 'Til I Cry Long Time No See Love Ya Lots LTNSLYLLYLASMHOTYMMLove You Like A Sister My Hat's Off To You Market Maker MorFMale or Female? MOTDMOTSSMTFBWYMWBRLMYOBNAKMessage Of The Day Members Of The Same Sex May The Force Be With You More Will Be Revealed Later Mind Your Own Business Nursing At Keyboard Name, Address, Zip (also means Nasdaq) No Big Deal NAZNBDNBIFNo Basis In Fact NFINo F***ing Idea NFWNo F***ing Way NIFOCNMNude In Front Of The Computer Never Mind NMPNot My Problem NOYBNPNone Of Your Business No Problem NQOCDNRGNot Quite Our Class Dear Energy NRNNo Reply Necessary New York City Finger Saluet On An Unrelated Subject Oh By The Way NYCFSOAUSOBTWOICOh, I see OMDBOMGOMIKONNAOOCOver My Dead Body Oh My Gosh Open Mouth, Insert Keyboard Oh No, Not Again Out Of Character OOTBOTOut Of The Box -or- Out Of The Blue Off Topic OTOHOWTTEOZOn the Other Hand Or Words To That Effect stands for "Australia" Problem Exists Between Chair And Keyboard Peeing In My Pants Pain In The Ass PEBCAKPIMPPITAPLS Please PMFJI PO Pardon Me For Jumping In Piss Off POV Point of View RBTL RL Read Between The Lines Real Life RLF Real Life Friend RMLB RMMM RN Read My Lips Baby Read My Mail Man! Right Now! ROTFL ROTFLMAO ROTM RSN Rolling On The Floor Laughing Rolling On The Floor Laughing My Ass Off Right On The Money Real Soon Now RTFM RTK Read The F***ing Manual Return To Keyboard Read The Manual RTM RU Are You? SBTA SH Sh**SITD Sorry, Being Thick Again Happens Still In The Dark SNAFU SOL Situation Normal, All F***ed Up Sh** Out of Luck SorG Straight or Gay? SSDD STFU Same Sh** Different Day Shut The F*** Up STM Spank The Monkey Speak To You Soon Shut Up You Fool STYSSUYFSWAG SWAK SWDYT TAH Scientific Wild Ass Guess Sent (or Sealed) With A Kiss So What Do You Think? Take A Hike TANSTAAFL TARFU TDTM TEOTWAWKITFNThere Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch Things Are Really F***ed Up Talk Dirty To Me The End Of The World As We Know It Thanks For Nothin' THX or TX or THKS TIAThanks Thanks In Advance Think I Am In Love Tongue In Cheek Three Letter Acronym The List Goes On Trust Me TIAILTICTLATLGOTMTMIToo Much Information There's More Than One Way To Do It The Powers That Be TMTOWTDITPTBTSRTotally Stuck in RAM Ta Ta For Now TTFNTTTThat's The Ticket -or- To The Top Talk To You Later TTYLTWHABTYThis Won't Hurt A Bit Thank You TYVMunPCThank You Very Much unPolitically Correct URYY4MVFMYou Are Too Wise For Me Value For Money WAGWAIWild Ass Guess What An Idiot WBWelcome Back WCAWho Cares Anyway What Did You Say? What Do You Think? Whatever WDYSWDYTWEWEGWicked Evil Grin WGWicked Grin WGAFFWIIFMWITWho Gives A Flying F*** What's In It For Me? Wordsmith In Training What in the F*** is this Sh** Wise Old Guy WITFITSWOGWRTWith Regard To WTFWhat The F*** WTGWay To Go! WTSDSWYPWhere The Sun Don't Shine What's Your Problem? What's Your Real Name? Whatever You Say What You See Is What You Get Whatever You Think Yet Another WYRNWYSWYSIWYGWYTYAYAyaya Yet Another Ya-Ya (as in yo-yo) You Asked For It You Got It You Don't Know Me You Gotta Be Kiddin' Your Mileage May Vary You Never Know YAFIYGIYDKMYGBKYMMVYNKYOYO You're On Your Own YR Yeah Right YSYD YTTT YYSSW Yeah, Sure You Do You Telling The Truth? Yeah Yeah Sure Sure WhateverLol = laughing out loud / lots of laughs 大笑 Lmao = laughing my ass off 笑掉屁股 WTF = what the f u c k 等同于“吊” WTH = what the hell 比较文雅的WTF ，常作为疑问“怎么会这样？” FTW = for the win 相当于“必胜” Omg = oh my God 相当于“天呀！” Omfg = oh my f u c k （ing）God 语气较重的“天呀！” Brb = be right back 马上回来（意思要走开一下） Brt = be right there 马上到 Afk = after keyboard/away from keyboard(感谢海外版斑竹 Doublecheese 更正) 本人不在/离开一下 Idk = I don't know 不知道 Ic = I see 原来这样/哦/我明白了 w8t = wait 等等 wtb/s = want to buy/sell 想要买/卖 Lfm = look(ing) for more / looking for member 找更多的（人） nn = night night 晚安 wb = welcome back 欢迎回来 gg/gl/hf = good game / good luck / have fun 祝发挥好（如果事件已经结束则为：发挥不错哦）/祝好运/玩得开心 gj/wd = good job / well done 相当于：做得好！ BTW = By the way 顺便问问/顺便一提 P.S = postscript 再者, 又及; 附言 CU/cya = see you / see you all 再见/大家再见 tks/tq/ty/tyvm = thanks/thank you/thank you/thank you very much 谢谢/谢谢你/谢谢你/非常感谢你 asap = as soon as possible 尽快，尽可能快 ttyl = talk to you later 一会儿在谈，迟点跟你说 yw = you'r welcome/you are welcome 不客气，不用谢 IMO=IN MY OPINION 我认为，我觉得 NP=NO PROBLEM 没问题，没关系 atm = at the moment 目前，现在，现在正在（干某事） rofl = roll on floor laughting 笑到在地上打滚 希望对你有帮助如有疑问请在线交谈给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。