Cigar Trainning

雪茄烟管理制度及流程英文回答：Cigar smoking is a popular pastime for many people, and it is important to have a proper management system and process in place to ensure the quality and safety of the cigars. In this article, I will discuss the cigar management system and process.Firstly, it is crucial to have a designated storage area for the cigars. This area should be equipped with proper temperature and humidity control to maintain the freshness and flavor of the cigars. A humidor is commonly used for this purpose, as it helps to regulate the humidity level and prevent the cigars from drying out.In addition to the storage area, it is important to have a system for keeping track of the cigars. This can be done through a cigar inventory management software or a manual logbook. Each cigar should be properly labeled andrecorded with details such as the brand, size, and date of purchase. This helps to ensure that the cigars are properly aged and consumed in the correct order.Furthermore, it is essential to have a process for inspecting and maintaining the cigars. This includes regular inspections to check for any signs of damage or mold. Damaged cigars should be removed from the inventory and replaced if necessary. Proper cleaning and maintenance of the storage area and equipment are also important to prevent any contamination or deterioration of the cigars.When it comes to the distribution and consumption of cigars, it is important to have clear guidelines and procedures in place. For example, there should be a policy on who can access the cigars and under what circumstances. This helps to prevent unauthorized access and ensure that the cigars are only consumed by authorized individuals.Moreover, it is important to educate and train staff members on the proper handling and storage of cigars. This includes teaching them how to properly cut and light acigar, as well as how to store and maintain the cigars. Regular training sessions and refresher courses can help to ensure that the staff members are up to date with thelatest practices and techniques.In conclusion, a well-structured cigar managementsystem and process are essential to ensure the quality and safety of the cigars. This includes having a designated storage area, keeping track of the cigars, inspecting and maintaining them, and having clear guidelines fordistribution and consumption. By implementing these measures, cigar enthusiasts can enjoy their cigars in the best possible condition.中文回答：雪茄烟是许多人喜爱的消遣活动，因此建立一个合适的管理制度和流程，以确保雪茄的质量和安全非常重要。

雪茄俱乐部运营方案英文1. Executive SummaryThe purpose of this operation proposal is to outline a comprehensive plan for the establishment and operation of a cigar club. The goal is to create a premium environment for cigar enthusiasts to gather, network, and enjoy high-quality cigars. The club will offer a range of services, including cigar selection and sales, cigar accessories, lounge areas, and a dedicated membership program. Through these offerings, the club aims to foster a community of passionate cigar lovers, while also generating revenue through memberships, sales, and events.2. IntroductionCigar smoking has a long tradition and is often associated with luxury, relaxation, and camaraderie. The cigar club will seek to provide a sophisticated and welcoming environment for individuals who appreciate the art of smoking cigars. Located in an upscale area, the club will offer an extensive selection of cigars from around the world, along with top-of-the-line accessories and a comfortable lounge area for members to enjoy.3. Target MarketThe primary target market for the cigar club will be affluent individuals who have a passion for cigars and the means to afford premium products and experiences. This includes professionals, executives, and individuals with high disposable income. Additionally, the club will seek to attract individuals interested in networking and socializing with like-minded individuals who share their passion for cigars.4. Offerings4.1 Cigar Selection and SalesThe club will offer an extensive range of premium cigars, sourced from renowned cigar makers worldwide. The selection will include both well-known brands and boutique cigars, ensuring a variety of options to cater to different tastes. Members will have access to exclusive releases and limited editions. The club will also provide personalized recommendations and expert advice on cigar selection.4.2 Cigar AccessoriesTo complement the cigar offerings, the club will also provide a range of high-quality accessories, including cigar cutters, lighters, humidors, and ashtrays. These accessories will be sourced from reputable manufacturers, ensuring durability and functionality.4.3 Lounge AreaA dedicated lounge area will be set up within the club, providing a comfortable and elegant space for members to relax and enjoy their cigars. The lounge will be equipped with luxurious seating, a well-stocked bar, and a ventilation system to ensure optimal air quality. The club will enforce a strict no-smoking policy outside the designated areas to maintain the ambiance and comfort of the lounge.4.4 Membership ProgramTo foster a sense of community and exclusivity, the club will offer a membership program. Members will enjoy benefits such as discounted prices on cigars and accessories, priority access to events, and exclusive cigar releases. The membership program will be tiered, with different levels of benefits based on the member's level of investment.5. Operations5.1 LocationThe cigar club will be located in a high-end area with easy accessibility and a strong demographic profile matching the target market. The premises will be spacious enough to accommodate the lounge area, a retail space for cigars and accessories, and a private members-only section.5.2 StaffingTo provide exceptional service, the club will hire knowledgeable and experienced staff members who are passionate about cigars. This includes a manager, sales associates, a sommelier, and a cigar expert. The staff will undergo training on cigar selection, product knowledge, and customer service to ensure a high level of expertise.5.3 SuppliersThe club will establish partnerships with reputable cigar manufacturers and distributors to ensure a consistent supply of premium cigars. Regular monitoring of the market and collaborations with distributors will help maintain a diverse selection of cigars and stay updated with new releases and trends.5.4 Marketing and PromotionThe club will develop a comprehensive marketing strategy to attract the target market and create brand awareness. This will include both online and offline channels, such as a professional website, social media presence, targeted advertising, and partnerships with luxury lifestyle publications. The club will also organize promotional events, tastings, and collaborations with influencers to generate buzz and attract potential members.6. Financial Considerations6.1 Start-up CostsThe initial investment will cover the costs of leasing the premises, renovating and furnishing the space, purchasing inventory, and marketing expenses. A detailed budget will be established to ensure efficient use of resources and manage costs effectively.6.2 Revenue StreamsThe cigar club will generate revenue through multiple streams, including membership fees, cigar sales, accessories sales, and hosting events. The membership fees will be structured based on the tiered membership program, ensuring a recurring income stream. Cigar and accessories sales will generate revenue on a per-unit basis, with a focus on high-margin products. Event hosting will provide additional income through ticket sales and partnerships with sponsors.6.3 ProfitabilityThe success and profitability of the cigar club will depend on factors such as membership growth, customer retention, and effective cost management. A financial projection will be developed to track revenue, expenses, and profitability over time, with regular reviews and adjustments as necessary.7. ConclusionThe establishment of a cigar club offers a unique opportunity to create a premium environment for cigar enthusiasts to indulge in their passion. By providing a wide selection of cigars, high-quality accessories, a comfortable lounge area, and a dedicated membership program, the club aims to attract and retain a loyal customer base. With careful planning, execution, and continuous improvement, the cigar club can become a destination of choice for cigar lovers and a profitable venture.。

AcupunctureAcupuncture is a method of treatment that has been practiced for thousands of years in China and other Asian countries. Used as a means of treating and preventing disease through the application of needles to the body, the practice was introduced to the Western world about three centuries ago. Only in the past few decades has it gained momentum as an acceptable form medical treatment in the United States? While the debate over the theories and usefulness of the treatment continues among medical scientists, the popularity of acupuncture therapy has continued to grow and it is now practiced throughout the world. Acupuncture’s many benefits include its effectiveness in healing a wide range of problems with few side effects, including use as an anesthesia. Both individuals and large health-care organizations also find its low cost of administration attractive.Acupuncture is a method of treatment that has been practiced for thousands of years in China and other Asian countries. Used as a means of treating and preventing disease through the application of needles to the body, the practice was introduced to the Western world about three centuries ago. Only in the past few decades has it gained momentum as an acceptable form medical treatment in the United States? While the debate over the theories and usefulness of the treatment continues among medical scientists, the popularity of acupuncture therapy has continued to grow and it is now practiced throughout the world. Acupuncture’s many benefits include its effectiveness in healing a wide range of problems with few side effects, including use as an anesthesia. Both individuals and large health-care organizations also find its low cost of administration attractive.The earliest known acupuncture instruments date to the Stone Age and included “bian,” stones with sharp edges. Science and technology have furthered the quality of the acupuncture instruments from stone, bone and bamboo needles to bronze and iron, even gold and silver.Now, disposable sterile stainless steel needles are most commonly used. As the structure of needles has been refined, so have application methods. A more recent development is “electro acupuncture” where electro des are attached to the needles in order to conduct small, increasing amounts of electric current in to the body at key location, thus stimulating the effect of the treatment.Over the centuries, the number of points on the body where acupuncture can be applied has also multiplied. Specific disciplines have developed within acupuncture so in addition to body acupuncture a wide range of acupuncture therapies is now practiced in many parts of the world, and include ear needling, scalp acupuncture and hand acupuncture. What Is Acupuncture? What Are The Benefits Of Acupuncture? Acupuncture originates from China and has been practiced there for thousands of years. Although there are records of acupuncture being used hundreds of years ago in Europe, itwas during the second half of the twentieth century it began to spread rapidly in Western Europe, the United States and Canada. Acupuncture involves the insertion of very thin needles through the patient’s skin at specific points on the body – the needles are inserted to various depths. We are not sure how acupuncture works scientifically. However, we do know that it does have some therapeutic benefits, including pain relief and alleviation from nausea caused by chemotherapy.According to traditional Chinese medical theory, acupuncture points are located on meridians through which gi vital energy runs. There is no histological, anatomical or scientific proof that these meridians or acupuncture points exist. Acupuncture remains controversial among Western medical doctors and scientists. Creating case studies that use proper scientific controls is difficult because of the invasive nature of acupuncture – a clinical study involves a placebo (sham product) compared to the targeted treatment. It is very hard to devise a sham acupuncture control that one can compare to proper acupuncture. While some studies have concluded that acupuncture offers similar benefits to a patient as a placebo, others have indicated that there are some real benefits. This article in a peer-reviewed British Medical Journal explains that the principles of acupuncture are firmly grounded in science, and you don’t need Chinese philosophy either to make it work, or to practice it.According to WHO (World Health Organization) acupuncture is effective for treating 28 conditions, while evidence indicates it may have an effective therapeutic value for many more. People with tension headaches and/or migraines may find acupuncture to be very effective in alleviating their symptoms, according to a study carried out at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. Another study at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found that twice weekly acupuncture treatments relieve debilitating symptoms of xerostomia – severe dry mouth – among patients treated with radiation for head and neck cancer.How did acupuncture become popular in the USA?James Reston, who worked for the New York Times had his appendix removed (appendectomy) during a visit to China in 1971. After surgery he experienced some discomfort and was treated for this with acupuncture. He was surprised to find that the acupuncture treatment helped his discomfort tremendously. He subsequently wrote an article that year titled “Now, About My Operation in Peking”. Many believe this article triggered intense interest in acupuncture in the USA. Reston wrote that the acupuncturist “inserted three long, thin needles into the outer part of my right elbow and below my knees and manipulated them…That sent ripples of pain racing through my limbs and, at least, had the effect of diverting my attention from the distress in my stomach. Meanwhile, Doctor Li lit two pieces of an herb called ai, which looked like the burning stumps of a broken cheap cigar, and held them close to myVabdomen while occasionally twirling the needles into action. All of this took about 20 minutes, during which I remembered thinking that it was rather a complicated way to get rid of gas… butthere was a noticeable relaxation of the pressure and distension within an hour and no recurrence of the problem thereafter.”Acupuncture from East to West Acupuncture is one of the oldest forms of healing in the world, beginning in China thousands of years ago. It remains the primary source of treatment in Asia. Acupuncture has rapidly become an accepted treatment alternative in America.People in the U.S. started to hear more about acupuncture after Mr. James Reston, a New York Times reporter, reported his own experience with acupuncture and how he benefited from acupuncture treatment for his severe pain after acute appendititis, while he was in China with President Nixon in 1972. After that M.D.s from western countries rushed to other side of the world to find out whether a tiny needle curing disease is a fairy tale or a real thing. To their surprise, they witnessed that the needle treatment, one of the ancient arts, not only cures many chronic diseases, but also its analgistic power demonstrated in open heart surgeries is completely beyond their imagination. Seeing is believing. Many of them attended training courses in China and came back to the west to practice acupuncture. Another wave of interest in acupuncture came after the National Institute of Health Consensus in Acupuncture in 1997, which concluded that acupuncture is effective for certain conditions and calls upon more attention from mainstream medical field and public. Since then, NIH formed a new center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine and the fund used to support acupuncture research is more than tripled in past 5 years.Nowadays, in seeking an alternative way to cure disease, to avoid side effect of conventional medicine, to obtain a better life or to maintain an optimal health, people start to choose acupuncture. As NIH consensus indicated: “One of the advantage of acupuncture is that the incidence of adverse effects is substantially lower than that of many drugs or other accepted medical procedures used for the same condition”. Recent reports indicated acupuncture and Chinese medicine is becoming more aned more popular in this country. For more information please go here.。

torpedo词根词缀单词：torpedo1. 定义与释义1.1词性：名词、动词1.2释义：作为名词时指鱼雷；作为动词时表示用鱼雷袭击（或击沉）。

1.3英文解释：As a noun, it means a cigar - shaped self - propelled underwater missile designed to be fired from a ship or submarine or dropped into the water from an aircraft and to explode on reaching a target. As a verb, it means to attack or sink with a torpedo.1.4相关词汇：同义词：submarine missile；派生词：torpedo - like （形容词，鱼雷状的），torpedoed（动词过去式及过去分词，被鱼雷击中的）。

---2. 起源与背景2.1词源：“torpedo”源自拉丁语“torpere”，意为“使麻木、使迟钝”。

最初它被用来形容一种会使接触者麻木的电鳐，后来用于指称具有爆炸威力、类似电鳐形状的水下武器。

2.2趣闻：在海战历史上，鱼雷的出现极大地改变了海战的模式。

在日俄战争中的对马海峡海战，日本海军就成功地使用鱼雷艇对俄国舰队发动突袭，取得了辉煌的战果。

---3. 常用搭配与短语3.1短语：(1) torpedo boat：鱼雷艇，一种专门发射鱼雷的小型舰艇。

例句：The torpedo boat sneaked up on the enemy warship. 翻译：鱼雷艇悄悄靠近敌舰。

(2) torpedo tube：鱼雷发射管。

例句：The sailor loaded the torpedo into the torpedo tube. 翻译：水手将鱼雷装入鱼雷发射管。

2025届上海市杨浦高中高考冲刺模拟英语试题注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。

2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。

3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Nobody can go back and start a new beginning, ______ anyone can start now and make a new ending.A．for B．andC．but D．so2．—I will pick you up at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning. Is that all right?—________. See you then.A．I’d love to.B．That’s settled.C．It’s up to you D．My pleasure3．We firmly believe that ______ the new examination system comes into existence, completely new situations will arise. A．considering B．supposed C．providing D．given4．If an entire country gets richer at the same time, individuals wouldn't ________ feel wealthier, since their relative positions in society haven't changed.A．necessarily B．initially C．typically D．sustainably5．We’ll have to finish it , _____________.A．however it takes long B．however long it takesC．no matter how it takes D．no matter how long does it take6．The document film ______ next week aims at introducing local cultures to the world.A．released B．being releasedC．to be released D．having been released7．To be an expert, a beginner needs to go through a series of _____ stages.A．intermediate B．liberalC．overall D．demanding8．We all know that good results ________ for you when you start doing things you love.A．are waiting B．have waitedC．have been waiting D．will be waiting9．She then took the little key, and opened it, trembling, but could not at first see anything ________, because the windows were shut.A．plainly B．closely C．firmly D．frequently10．I’ve known Sarah for nearly ten years. She _________ once my customer.A．is B．has beenC．was D．had been11．—What does the sign over there read?—"No person_______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area．"A．shall B．may C．must D．Will12．Whenever you ________ a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.A．bought B．have bought C．will buy D．buy13．Communication can help you gain more respect from your parents, and you may be able to reach ____ that make everyone happy.A．compromises B．contributions C．congratulations D．competitions14．— I got that job I wanted at the public library.—___________! That’s good news.A．Go ahead B．Cheers C．Congratulations D．Come on15．—Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind,I almost break down.A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled16．—Why are you so upset?—I had my computer repaired yesterday, but it ________ work again.A．doesn’t B．didn’tC．won’t D．wouldn’t17．—Where was I?—You ________ you didn’t like your job.A．had said B．saidC．were saying D．has said18．He started school the same day as I did and________to it like a duck to water.A．appealed B．tookC．catered D．saw19．After class, the teacher couldn’t leave,by the students.A．surrounded B．to surroundC．was surrounded D．surrounding20．--- How about ______ plan to open a branch?--- I should say it was ______ failure.A．a; a B．a; / C．the; / D．the; a第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

中文英文(电动)座椅(electric) seat150cc以上机车more than 150cc motorcycle50~150cc机车 50~150cc motorcycle50cc以下机车less than 50cc motorcyclehid车灯安定器组合hid ballast complete set for headlights led灯led lamp安全带seat belt把手handle bar把手盖handle cover把手套grip把手座grip holder钣金件stamping parts帮浦类pump保险杆bumper保险杆支撑mount of bumpercad/cam保险丝fuse保险丝座fuse seat备胎板trim for spare tire比例阀proportional valve避震脚踏车suspension bicycle避震器shock absorber避震器前后活塞杆piston rod of front and rearshock absorber 避震器前后活塞杆piston rod of front and rear shock absorber 避震前叉suspension fork变速杆shift lever变速器derailleur变速箱transmission box变速箱外壳transmission case波司垫片washer玻璃滑槽glass run玻璃类glass补强板reinforcement plate残障专用车motorcycle for handicap侧盖side cover侧脚架side stand插接件connector clip柴油车黑烟净化器diesel particulate filter车窗升降机window lifter车窗升降摇柄window lifter handle车灯控制器lighting controller车顶板roof车顶内衬roof lining车架frame车架材料frame materials车轮及刹车wheel and brake车轮系统wheeling system车门door panel车门把手door handle车门扶手door armrest车门锁door lock车身car body车身钣金件body & stamping parts车身护条side protector车身设计cad/cam car body design车手带handle strap车体body车体打造(改装)car body building (refitting)车体盖body cover车体及电装body and electrical parts车头组件headset车用灭火器extinguisher车柱pillar城市车atb齿轮gear齿轮变速零件gear shift parts齿轮衬套gear bushing齿轮箱gear box齿轮轴gear axle齿条gear rack充电器charger储液瓶a/c receiver触媒转化器catalytic converter触媒转换器缓冲绵catalytic converter mate传动件transmission传动轴propeller shaft传动轴transmission axle传动轴总成secondary sheave assembly打蜡机buffer (car polisher)打气筒floor pump大型商用车(3.5吨以上)heavy duty commercial car (more than 3.5 tons)单轮车unicycle弹簧spring挡泥板mud guard挡泥板mud guard / fender挡泥板fender档位调整器gear position indicator导线cable倒车雷达reverse sensor倒车显示器rear view display灯类lamp灯类lampc.d.i.灯泡bulb登山车mountain bicycle等速接头 c.v. joint底盘车chasis truck底盘车架frame底盘及其另件chassis and related parts底盘系统chassis system地毯floor mat地毯carpet点火线圈ignition coil点火线圈模块ignition coil module点烟器cigar lighter电池充电器battery charger电池容量计battery capacity indicator电磁阀solenoid valve电灯dynamo / lighting set电动)滑板车 (electric) kick board scooter电动机车electric motorcycle电动机车控制器electric motorcycle driver电动自行车electrical bicycle电动自行车电池组electric bicycle battery set电动自行车电路设计electric bicycle circuit design 电动自行车控制器electric bicycle driver电动自行车马达electric bicycle motor电动座椅装置power seat unit电瓶battery电圈starter电装品electrical parts电子点火器ignition module电子件electrical parts垫片gasket垫片类seal, gasket, washer, packing 吊架hanger调节器regulator调整器regulator碟式刹车盘brake disc碟式刹车器disk brake顶蓬headlining定速器cruise controller定趾器toe clip动力方向系统power steering system动力转向帮浦power steering pump动力转向油管power steering hose端子terminal锻造件(加工)forging parts (processing)堆高机forklift多功能休闲车atv发电机alternator发电机(零件)alternator (components)反光片reflector方向把手steering handle方向盘steering wheel防盗器car burglar alarm防盗器burglar alarm防水衬条weather strip防撞护垫bumper pad飞轮flywheel飞轮环齿轮ring gear of flywheel废气回收管egr tube分电盘distributor粉末冶金powder metallurgy风扇fan风扇a/c fan风扇盖air shroud蜂鸣器buzzer辐条/辐帽spoke/nipple辅助把手bar end辅助轮training wheel辅助气囊air bag副水箱auxiliary radiator副轴countershaft高压线组ignition cable隔热材heat insulator各类隔音垫all kinds of silencer各类孔盖cap cover工具tool共鸣箱resonator鼓、碟式刹车器drum / disc brake assembly 鼓风机blower assembly鼓式刹车盘brake drum故障标志reflector管类pipe, hose, tube管类tube or pipe孩童车junveniles bicycle海滩车beach bicycle(合成木材synthetic wood黑烟过滤器diesel particle filter横拉杆接头tie-rod end横梁cross member后舱室饰板rear trunk trim后叉端rear fork end后防撞杆grard assy (rear)后架carrier后轮驱动座rear wheel drive seat后视镜door mirror后视镜rear mirror后视镜back mirror后悬吊系统rear suspension后置物板rear parcel shelf后轴总成rear axle assembly花鼓hub & free hub化油器carburetor环境卫生车garbage truck活塞piston活塞衬套piston liner活塞环piston ring活塞肖piston pin活性碳罐canister火星塞spark plug火星塞盖plug cover货架luggage carrier机车类motorcycle机车链轮chain机车座垫用牛皮leather for motorcycle seat机油engine oil机油帮浦oil pump机油尺oil level gauge机油尺导管oil level gauge tube机油浮筒oil float机油冷却器oil cooler机油滤清器oil filter机油滤网oil strainer继电器relay夹片、管束clamp, clip夹器固定座pivot夹式刹车器caliper brake交流发电机(零件) a.c. generator (components)脚刹车器coaster brake脚踏板pedal脚踏板board / footrest脚踏杆kick crank assembly脚踏起动机杆kick starter搅拌车mixer truck轿车passenger car接头lug & shell节流把手throttle grip节流阀throttle valve节温器thermostat金属表面处理(材料)metal surface treatment (material)进气歧管intake manifold镜类mirror开关类switch空调滤网a/c filter空调系统air-conditioning system空调相关零件a/c related components空气滤清器air cleaner空气滤清器导管air intake tube空气滤清器盖air cleaner cover空气滤蕊air cleaner element空气清净机air purifier孔塞grommet plug控制拉线control cable扣具cargo lash快拆quick release拉杆handle lever喇叭horn篮basket冷冻车freezer car冷媒管a/c pipe冷煤电磁阀refrigerate solenoid valve 冷凝器a/c condenser冷气导风管a/c duct冷气客车air-conditioned car冷气配管a/c hose冷气压缩机a/c compressor冷气总成a/c assembly冷却风扇cooling fan冷却系统cooling system冷却系统cooling systema/c离合器clutch离合器分泵clutch cylinder离合器杆clutch lever离合器来令片clutch lining离合器片clutch disc离合器释放轴承clutch release bearing离合器外壳clutch case离合器总泵clutch master cylinder离合器总成clutch assembly离合器座clutch plate连杆connecting rod连杆轴承片connecting rod bearing炼条调整器tensioner链盖chain cover链条chain链条盖chain case铃bell零组件用材料components materials滤清器filter滤清器类filter轮毂wheel hub轮弧fender trim轮圈wheel disk轮圈rim轮圈盖wheel cover轮胎tire轮胎汽门嘴tire valve螺帽/螺栓/螺丝nut/bolt/screw螺旋弹簧coil spring马达类motor马达零件motor components马达轴motor axle门铰链door hinge门框sash门饰板door trim铭板nameplate铭板name plate模、夹、治、检具die, fixture, jig, checking gauge 模、夹、治、检具die, fixture, jig & checking gauge 内胎(含内衬)inner tire (flap)内装品interior parts尼龙绳、特多龙绳nylon rope扭力杆torsion bar暖气总成heater assembly排档杆shift lever排档头knob排气管exhaust pipe排气歧管exhaust manifold排气消音器exhaust muffler跑车（自由车）racing bicycle配件accessories配线wire harness喷油嘴injection nozzle皮带张力器tensioner平衡杆stabilizer bar其它others其它电动辅助车辆other electric auxiliary vehicles 其它特种自行车other special-purposebicycles汽车保全系统car security system汽车导航系统car navigation system汽车类automobile汽车内装用牛皮leather for car interior汽车清洁保养用品cosmetics for automobile汽车音响car audio汽车用电子钟digital clock汽车用光盘car cd汽车用计算机car computer汽车用行动电话car hand-free mobile phone汽车用液晶显示器car lcd汽缸cylinder汽缸衬套cylinder liner汽缸体cylinder block汽缸头cylinder head汽缸头(盖)cylinder head汽缸头侧盖cylinder head side cover 汽门valve汽门弹簧valve spring汽门导管valve guide汽门锁valve cotter汽门摇臂valve arm汽门摇臂盖rocker cover汽门座valve seat千斤顶jack前叉front fork前叉顶梁fork top bridge前叉肩fork crown前防撞杆guard assy (front)前护盖front fender倾卸车dumper truck球形接头ball joint曲柄组chainwheel & crank曲轴crankshaft曲轴皮带盘crankshaft pulley曲轴箱crankcase曲轴箱盖crankcase cover曲轴肖crank shaft pin曲轴轴承片crankshaft bearing燃料系统fueling system燃油帮浦fuel pump燃油管fuel pipe燃油滤清器fuel filter燃油滤清器fuel strainer assembly 扰流板spoiler热处理heat treatment热水阀heater valve人造革artificial leather润滑系统lubrication system三轮车tricycle三通管3-way pipe散装车bulk truck刹车分泵brake cylinder刹车鼓brake drum刹车来令片brake lining shoe刹车来令片brake shoe刹车盘brake disk刹车踏板brake pedal刹车油管(软)brake hose刹车油管(硬)brake tube刹车真空倍力器brake vacuum booster刹车真空管brake boost vacuum tube刹车总泵brake master cylinder刹车总成brake assembly煞车踏板brake pedal闪光灯flasher闪光器flasher商标贴纸sticker上臂upper arm舌簧阀reed valve生产、检测及涂装设备production, test & painting equipment 省电器energy saving unit时规炼条/皮带timing chain/belt时规炼条/皮带外盖timing chain/belt cover饰板/饰条garnish / trim室内镜room mirror室内运动车(健身车)exerciser手刹车拉柄parking brake lever竖管stem双面胶带acrylic foam tape水帮浦water pump水管water hose水壶架bottle cage水箱radiator水箱风扇radiator fan水箱饰罩radiator grille水箱水管radiator hose水箱支架radiator mounting速度表speed meter塑料件plastic parts随车工具tools锁lock踏板pedal胎压不足警示器tire low pressure indicator碳刷carbon brush提速器actuator天窗sun roof天线antenna贴纸sticker铁路车辆类railroad vehicle铁路车辆零件railroad vehicle parts铁路车辆制造及修理railroad vehicle manufacture & repair 铁路扣夹clip for railroad停车支架kickstand铜套类bushing头盔helmet凸轮cam凸轮链条张力器cam chain tensioner凸轮轴camshaft凸轮轴链轮sprocket camshaft凸轮轴链条cam chain涂料paints拖板车pallet truck拖车trailer瓦斯车lpg car外装品exterior parts温度感应器water temperature sensor温度记录器temperature recorder涡轮增压器turbo-supercharger握把grip无段自动变速系统 c.v.t.无链式自行车chainless bicycle无线电胎压侦测仪wireless tire monitor五通管5-way pipe洗涤壶windshield washer下臂lower arm橡胶件rubber parts消防车fire fighting truck消音器exhaust muffler小型商用车(3.5吨以下)light duty commercial car (less than 3.5 tons)协力车tandem bicycle行李箱luggage box行李箱盖trunk lid行李箱铰链hinge of trunk lid休旅车recreational vehicle (rv)修理业repairing & maintenance悬臂式刹车器cantilever brake压条moulding烟灰缸ashtray摇臂rocker arm摇臂轴rocker arm shaft叶片弹簧leaf spring叶子板fender曳力杆trailing arm曳引车tractor truck液罐车refueling truck液压式刹车器hydraulic brake一般自行车regular bicycle仪表combination meter仪表meter仪表板instrument panel仪表板支架instrumental panel mounting 仪表饰板instrument panel garnish音响喇叭盖speaker cover引擎engine引擎波司engine bush引擎盖engine hood引擎盖engine cover引擎盖铰链hinge of engine hood引擎零件engine parts引擎修理包engine gasket kits引擎罩盖air shroud / cylinder引擎支撑engine mounting油帮浦oil pump油杯fuel cup assembly油底壳oil pan油封oil seal油管fuel pipe油量表fuel gauge油品添加剂oil additive油土及基准模型clay model and master model 油土与基准模型clay model and master model 油箱fuel tank油箱浮筒gauge fuel tank油箱浮筒tank float油压感应器oil pressure sensor雨刷及雨刷连杆wiper / linkage预热塞glow plug越野车trekking bicycle运钞车armor cash carrier遮阳板sunvisor折叠式自行车folding bicycle蒸发器evaporator整车finished automobile整车finished bicycle整车finished motorcycle整流器rectifier支架bracket支柱总成strut assembly止推垫片thrust washer趾夹带toe strap置物袋carriage bag中心盖center cover中央门控central door lock中央置物箱console中轴组件（天心）bottom bracket parts轴承bearing主滑动模轮组件primary sheave assembly主脚架main stand主轴mainshaft铸造件(加工)casting parts (processing)转向齿轮箱steering gear box转向机柱steering column转向节臂knuckle转向连杆steering linkage转向主干steering stem comp转向总成steering assembly装饰贴纸、标志ornament mark自动变速箱油automatic transmission oil自排变速箱修理包automatic transmissiongasket kits自排车用滤油器oil filter for automatictransmission 自行车类bicycle总成 c.d.i. unit assembly座垫saddles座垫seat座垫套saddle cover座杆seat post座杆束seat post clamp休旅车recreational vehicle (rv)修理业repairing & maintenance悬臂式刹车器cantilever brake压条moulding烟灰缸ashtray摇臂rocker arm摇臂轴rocker arm shaft叶片弹簧leaf spring叶子板fender曳力杆trailing arm曳引车tractor truck液罐车refueling truck液压式刹车器hydraulic brake一般自行车regular bicycle仪表combination meter仪表meter仪表板instrument panel仪表板支架instrumental panel mounting仪表饰板instrument panel garnish音响喇叭盖speaker cover引擎engine引擎engine引擎波司engine bush引擎盖engine hood引擎盖engine cover引擎盖铰链hinge of engine hood引擎零件engine parts引擎零件engine parts引擎零件engine parts引擎零件engine parts引擎修理包engine gasket kits引擎罩盖air shroud / cylinder引擎支撑engine mounting油帮浦oil pump油杯fuel cup assembly油底壳oil pan油封oil seal油封oil seal油管fuel pipe油量表fuel gauge油品添加剂oil additive油土及基准模型clay model and master model 油土与基准模型clay model and master model 油箱fuel tank油箱fuel tank油箱浮筒gauge fuel tank油箱浮筒tank float油压感应器oil pressure sensor雨刷及雨刷连杆wiper / linkage预热塞glow plug越野车trekking bicycle运钞车armor cash carrier遮阳板sunvisor折叠式自行车folding bicycle蒸发器evaporator整车finished automobile整车finished bicycle整车finished motorcycle整流器rectifier支架bracket支柱总成strut assembly止推垫片thrust washer趾夹带toe strap置物袋carriage bag中心盖center cover中央门控central door lock中央置物箱console中轴组件（天心）bottom bracket parts轴承bearing轴承bearing主滑动模轮组件primary sheave assembly主脚架main stand主轴mainshaft铸造件(加工)casting parts (processing)铸造件(加工)casting parts (processing)转向齿轮箱steering gear box转向机柱steering column转向节臂knuckle转向连杆steering linkage转向主干steering stem comp转向总成steering assembly装饰贴纸、标志ornament mark自动变速箱油automatic transmission oil自排变速箱修理包automatic transmissiongasket kits自排车用滤油器oil filter for automatictransmission 自行车类bicycle总成 c.d.i. unit assembly座垫saddles座垫seat座垫套saddle cover座杆seat post座杆束seat post clamp全时四轮驱动系统Quattro轻触子-自动变速器Tiptronic多极子-无级自动变速器Multitronic车身主动控制系统ABC车身稳定控制系统DSC车身稳定控制系统VSC牵引力控制系统TRC牵引力控制系统TCS防抱死制动系统ABS加速防滑系统ASR制动辅助系统BAS车身动态控制系统DCS紧急制动辅助系统EBA电子制动力分配系统EBD电子差速锁EDS电子稳定程序系统ESP液压刹车辅助系统HBA坡道控制系统HDC坡道起车控制系统HAC下坡行车辅助控制系统DAC车身主动循迹控制系统A-TRC双安全气囊SRS主动性头枕SAHR车载卫星定位导航系统GPS智能集成化操作系统i-Drive主动式稳定杆Dynamic.Drive直列多缸排列发动机R型汽缸排列发动机V-V水平对置式排列多缸发动机B汪克尔转子发动机WA型汽缸排列发动机W-W前置发动机（纵向）Fi前置发动机（横向）Fq中置发动机（纵向）Mi中置发动机（横向）Mq后置发动机（纵向）Hi后置发动机（横向）Hq顶置气门，侧置凸轮轴OHV顶置气门，上置凸轮轴OHC顶置气门，双上置凸轮轴DOHC连续可变气门正时机构CVTC气门正时机构VVT-i气门正时机构VVTL-i化油器V单点喷射汽油发动机ES多点喷射汽油发动机EM自然吸气式超柴油发动机SDi直喷式柴油发动机TDi-Turbo 缸内直喷式汽油发动机ED泵喷嘴PD柴油发动机（共轨）D缸内直喷式柴油发动机DD（涡轮增压）TA-Turbo 氧化氮气增压系统NOS机械增压MA前轮驱动FF后轮驱动FR恒时全轮驱动Ap接通式全轮驱动Az动态稳定系统ASM主动偏行系统AYC无级自动变速器ST转向臂AS横向摆臂QL双横向摆臂DQL纵向摆臂LL斜置摆臂SL多导向轴ML整体式车桥SA德迪戎式独立悬架后桥DD复合稳定杆式悬架后桥VL弹性支柱FB减震器支柱DB钢板弹簧悬挂BF螺旋弹簧悬挂SF扭力杆DS 橡胶弹簧悬挂GF 空气弹簧悬挂LF 液气悬架阻尼HP 液压悬架HF 横向稳定杆QS 盘式制动S 内通风盘式制动Si 鼓式制动T 连续多点燃油喷射发动机SFI 直喷式汽油发动机FSI 动力控制模块PCM 废气循环再利用EGR 车身控制模块~BCM 点火控制模块~ICM 空气流量计MAP 无级自动变速器ST “前置引擎前轮驱动”FF “前置引擎后轮驱动”FR “后置引擎后轮驱动”RR。

Exercise 11.0.1cm 0.1公分2.10,000 B.C. 公元前10,000年3.1860s4. 3 pairs 3双5. 4 decades 四十年6.9 liters 九升7. a land bridge 陆桥8. a standard way 一种标准的方法9.academic essay 学术文章10.accident 意外事件11.accountable 应负责的; 可解释的12.administration office 行政办公室13.advertise 做广告14.advertisement 宣传, 广告15.advisor 顾问16.agricultural 农业的17.air conditioning 空气调节装置18.air pollution 空气污染19.air pump 气泵, 抽气机20.alarm 警报21.alter attitude 改变态度22.alternative energy 可替代能源23.analysis 分析; 解析24.angle 角度25.animals’ behavior动物的行为26.approval 赞成27.arrow 箭头 亚洲29.attachment 附属; 附加的文件30.attack 攻击31.average ability 一般的才能32.award 奖, 奖品33.back wheel 后轮34.background 背景35.bacteria 细菌36.balcony 阳台, 露台37.bar code 计算机条码38.beer consumption 啤酒消费39.behavior 行为, 举止40.big toe 大脚趾41.biological 生物学的42.black velvet 黑色天鹅绒43.blood 血液Exercise 2 1.brain 头脑2.breathe 呼吸; 吸气3.breed 孵; 养育4.building material 建筑材料5.bus stop 公共汽车站6.butterflies 蝴蝶7.camel 骆驼8.camp 露营; 宿营9.candle 蜡烛10.car tires (tyres) 汽车轮胎11.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳12.case study 个案研究13.cattle 牛14.central part 中心部分15.central power source 中央动力源16.chain 连锁17.challenge 挑战18.cheap 便宜的19.cheap housing 廉价房20.check grade 检查等级21.chemical 化学的22.chewing gum 口香糖23.children and adults 儿童和成人24.cigar 雪茄25.clay 泥土, 粘土26.cliff 悬崖; 绝壁27.climate change 气候28.clothing 衣服29.cloud 云30.clubroom 俱乐部聚会堂31.coastal cities 沿海城市32.coconut 椰子33.collection of material 收集的材料bination 结合mercial 商业的mittee 委员会mon residence 普通住宅munication skills 交流技巧munication technology 通信技术munity 社区muter 通勤者parision 比较pete 比赛; 竞争Exercise 3petition 竞争; 竞赛plex designs 复杂的设计prehension of texts 文章理解/puter program 计算机程序puter teaching method计算机教学方法6.concentrated 集中的7.confidence 信心8.connected 有关连的9.conservation 保存10.contaminate 弄脏; 毒害; 污11.control of traffic 交通管制12.conversation 会话, 交谈13.cooperation 合作14.corn 小麦; 玉米15.corporate loan 企业贷款16.corrupt 使腐烂; 使恶化; 贪污17.cost effective 有成本效益的18.cost of oil 石油成本19.creation 创造; 创立20.crime 罪犯21.critical 批评的22.crocodile 鳄鱼23.cross passages 穿过通道24.cut and cover 随挖随填25.danger 危险26.dark and light 黑暗与光明27.dark blue veils 深蓝色的面纱28.decision making 决策29.decline 下降; 衰退30.decoration 装饰, 装潢31.definition 定义32.delicate fossil 精致的化石33.demonstration 示范; 实证34.density 密度35.department building 系大楼36.depression 沮丧, 消沉37.description 描写; 形容38.desert 沙漠39.desert habitat 沙漠栖息地40.design and manufacture 设计与制造41.develop diseases 疾病发展42.digest 消化43.digital system 数字系统Exercise 41.diploma in Nursing 护理文凭2.direct 直接的, 坦白的3.disadvantage 缺点, 坏处4.disappear 消失; 不见5.display 陈列; 显示6.distribution 分配; 配给物7.do exercise 做运动8.dome 圆屋顶, 穹窿9.domestic 家庭的, 驯服的, 国内的10.downhill 下坡11.dried 枯燥的12.earth 地球, 世界, 泥土13.eating pattern 饮食方式14.economical 节俭的, 合算的cation program 教育计划16.efficient 生效的; 能干的17.elastic 有弹性的18.email 电子邮件19.emotional 情绪的; 情感的20.energy 精力; 活力21.engine 引擎22.enjoy communication 享受沟23.entertainment 娱乐表演; 娱乐24.enthusiasm 狂热; 积极性25.entire city 全城26.environment 环境27.establishing rules 建立规则28.establishment of country 建立国家29.estimate 估计, 判断30.evidence of aging 老化的证据31.evolution 进化, 进展32.exhibition 表现; 展览品33.expected duration 预期持续时34.exploration 探索; 探35.exploring new facts 探索新的事实36.extra resources 额外的资源37.facilities 设备38.family relationships 亲属关系39.farming 耕作; 农事40.farming product 农业产品41.fear 恐怖; 担心42.feeding 给食; 饲养43.feeling of shame 羞愧感Exercise 51.fell 下降;减(fall过去式)2.fence 围墙, 剑术, 栅栏3.fertilizer 肥料4.filter 过滤器5.finance 财政, 财务6.financial 财政的; 金融的7.fire management 消防管理8.firewood 木柴; 柴火9.first in history 历史上首次10.fixed camera 固定摄像机11.flexible 柔软的, 灵活12.flooding 泛滥, 溢流13.flourish 茂盛; 华饰; 兴旺14.fold 折叠; 褶层15.food intake 进食16.food price 食品价格17.footprint 脚印; 足迹18.forest 森林, 林木19.freedom 自由, 特权20.fresh meat 鲜肉21.frog 蛙, 青蛙22.fruit growing 果树栽培23.funding 资金24.fur trade 毛皮贸易25.further training 深造; 进修26.future medicine 未来医学27.gender 性别28.General English Practice 一般性的英语学习29.genetic 遗传的30.genetically 从基因方面31.germ 细菌32.Germany 德国33.gift 赠品; 天赋34.give false data 提供虚假数据35.glass 玻璃36.global 球形的; 全世界的37.goat skin 山羊皮38.good eyesight 正常的视力ernment 政府ernment election 政府选举ernment policy 政府政策42.grain 谷物; 谷粒43.grass 草Exercise 61.gravity 地心引力; 重力2.great relationship 良好的人际关系3.Green Tax 环保税4.ground 土地5.group discussion 小组讨论6.group meeting 小组会议7.guard 守卫8.hard to recall 很难记得9.harvest 收获; 收成10.health department 卫生厅11.healthy 健康的12.hearing 听力13.heat 热, 高潮14.herbivorous 食草的15.herd 兽群, 牧人16.high absence rate 高缺勤率17.high car tax 高汽车税18.high temperature 高温19.higher sea levels 高海平面20.honey 蜂蜜21.hospital 医院22.hot house 温室23.huge increase 大幅增加24.humor 幽默25.hunting 狩猎26.identify animals 识别动物27.immigrant移民28.in a group 在一组29.in full 全部地30.income 收入; 所得31.income tax 所得税32.increased 增加的; 增强的33.India and Canada 印度和加拿大34.industrial 工业的, 产业的35.influence 影响rmal 非正式的rmation sector 信息内容产业38.injury 伤害39.ink 墨水40.innovation 革新, 创新41.insect 昆虫42.interaction 交互作用; 交感43.intermediate stage 中级阶段Exercise 71.internal clock 生物钟2.Internet 国际互联网络3.interview 面谈, 接见, 访问4.interview parents 采访家长5.introductory seminar 入门研讨会6.invader 入侵者7.investigation 调查; 研究8.irrigation 灌溉9.jaw 颚; 下巴10.killer whales 肉食鲸11.king 国王, 君主12.knife handle 刀柄13.knowledge 知识; 认识bel of product 产品标签boratory 实验室ck of space 缺乏空间ndmark 里程碑; 界标ne 小路; 车道rge-scale housing 大规模的住房ser printing 激光打印机wyer 律师22.leader 领袖, 指挥者23.leak 漏洞, 裂缝24.learning difficulty 学习障碍25.level of voice 声音水平26.lid of container 容器盖子27.life cycle 生命周期28.lifespan 寿命29.lifestyle 生活方式30.literature 文学; 著作31.local tribe 当地部落32.local TV station 当地电视台33.location 位置34.lock 锁35.long-term preservation 长久保存36.loud noises 大声喧哗37.low impact低强度, 不造成大损害的38.low nutrition 低营养39.lung 肺40.machinery 机器, 结构41.mammal 哺乳动物42.management skills 管理能力43.man-made 人造的Exercise 81.market research 市场研究2.marketing 营销学3.marriage 婚姻4.marsh 沼泽, 湿地5.Master’s Degree硕士学位6.material 材料; 物资7.mathematics 数学8.maturity 成熟9.maximum 最大量10.media 媒体11.medical services 医疗服务12.medicine 医学13.meet demands 满足要求14.memories 记忆; 回忆15.mental ability 心智能力16.microscope 显微镜17.migration patterns 迁移模式18.mineral 矿物19.mission statement 使命宣言20.model 模型21.money lender 放债人22.monitor 班长; 监视器23.monopoly 垄断24.mood 心情, 情绪25.moral 道义上的26.morality 道德, 品行27.more costly 更昂贵28.more flexible approach 更灵活的方法29.mould模子30.mud 泥31.national part 国家公园32.native 本地人33.natural subject 自然主题34.negative affect 负面影响35.negative thinking 负面思想work 网状系统37.no change 无变化38.non-active 非活跃39.North Africa 北非40.nursery 托儿所41.nut 坚果42.ocean conditions 海洋状况43.olive oil 橄榄油Exercise 91.on a regularly basis 定期2.one or two 一两个; 很少的3.one third 三分之一4.online games 在线游戏5.online service 线上服务6.other planets 其它行星7.outcome 结果; 后果8.oven 炉，烤箱9.own energy 自己的能量10.oxygen 氧11.package 包裹, 包12.paper jams 夹纸,堵纸,卡纸13.parental teaching 家长的教育14.participation 分享, 参与15.passenger’s weight乘客的体重16.passive 消极的, 被动的17.paying attention 注意18.performance 演出, 表演19.perfume 香料; 香水20.personal matter 私事21.personality 个性22.pest 有害的动物, 害虫23.philosopher 哲学家, 哲人24.photograph 照片25.physical activity 体力活动26.planet science 地球科学27.plastic 塑胶制品28.polished 擦亮的29.politics 政治30.polluted 受污染的31.population rise 人口的增长32.portable 可携带的33.postal survey 邮政调查34.precious stone 宝石35.private property 私有财产36.problem solving skills解决问题的能力37.problems and needs 问题和需要38.procedure 程序, 手续39.processing 处理, 加工40.professional 专业的41.profit 利润, 利益42.protection 保护43.public awareness 公众意识Exercise 101.public transport 公共交通2.qualification 资格3.quarter 四分之一4.rabbit 兔5.radar 雷达6.radio communication 无线电通信7.railway line 铁路线8.railway track 铁路轨道9.rain water 雨水10.rainfall 降雨11.random organization 随机组织12.rate of speed 速率13.reading difficulty 阅读困难14.recorder 记录者15.recreation therapy 娱乐治疗16.regulation 规章; 条例17.reinforce 加强; 加固18.reliable 可靠的, 可信赖的19.religion 宗教20.reproduce 繁殖, 生殖21.research 研究22.research assistant 助理研究员23.research method 研究方法24.resistant 抵抗的,阻止的25.responsibility 责任, 负担26.rice cultivation 水稻种植27.risk 冒险28.rival 竞争者, 敌手29.roads and bridges 道路桥梁30.rocket 飞弹, 火箭31.Roman 罗马人32.rose 上升; 上涨(rise的过去式)33.round 圆的, 圆形的34.royal commission 皇家委员会35.rubber blanket 橡胶垫36.rubbish 垃圾; 废话37.running shuttle 穿梭运行的飞机(或火车, 汽车)38.rural 乡下的39.safe and reliable 安全可靠40.safety office 安全办公室41.salary 薪资, 薪水42.sales 销售额; 营业收入43.salt 盐Exercise 111.sand glass 砂玻璃2.satisfactory 令人满意的3.scarce 缺乏的; 稀有的4.scent 气味, 香味5.score 得分, 比数6.Scotland 苏格兰7.sea level 海平面8.sea otters 海獭9.seasonal 季节的, 周期性的10.seed 种子, 籽11.selection 选择; 被挑选出的人12.selection of teams 选择球队13.self-centered 自我中心的14.self-defence 自卫15.self-evaluation 自我评价16.sensible exercise 合理运动17.shark skin 鲨鱼皮18.sheep and cattle 绵羊和牛19.sheet of paper 纸张20.shells 贝壳21.shipbuilding 造船22.shipping 海运, 航行23.shopping mall 购物中心24.silver setting 银色背景设置25.skills and experience 技能和经验26.slaves 奴隶27.sleeping sickness 昏睡症28.smaller areas 较小的区域29.smooth 平滑部分; 使光滑30.sociable 好交际的31.social isolation 社会隔离32.social matters 社会事务33.social skills 社交技能34.social worker 社会福利工作者35.solar power 太阳能36.South Africa 南非37.Southeast Asian 东南亚38.Spanish 西班牙人, 西班牙语39.spear 矛; 持矛的人40.special offers 特价优惠41.specialized software 专用软件42.speed 迅速, 速率43.spider 蜘蛛Exercise 121.spring 春天2.stem 茎, 柄, 干3.stimulation 激励; 刺激4.sting 刺痛; 刺, 叮5.stomach and heart 胃和心脏6.stone hammer 石锤7.stop joining 停止加盟8.storm 暴风雨9.straight 直接地, 不断地10.strategy 策略, 军略11.street children 街头游童12.strength 力气, 力量13.strict control 严格控制14.students feel confused 学生感到困惑15.subcommittee 小组委员会16.subsidize students’ income资助学生的收入17.sufficient details 足够的详细资料18.suggestion 提议, 暗示19.sun’s position太阳的位置20.sunlight 日光, 日照21.surface 表面; 外观22.survey 调查23.sustainable 可持续的24.symbol of progress 进步的象征25.teamwork 联合作业, 协力26.technical 技术上的27.teenager 十几岁的青少年28.telephone survey 电话调查29.temple walls 神庙的墙壁30.tent 帐篷, 帐棚31.textile factory 纺织厂32.therapy 治疗, 疗法33.tide 潮, 潮汐34.time management skill 时间管理技巧35.tiny camera 微型摄像头36.to be useless 无用37.tone 音调, 语调38.tongue 舌头39.tool 工具, 用具40.toothache 牙痛41.tower 塔, 堡垒42.trace fossil 足迹化石43.trader 商人Exercise 131.traditional 传统的2.traffic flow 交通流量3.training 训练, 练习4.translate 翻译5.translation 翻译6.transport museum 交通博物馆7.trash 无价值之物, 垃圾8.trend 趋势, 方位, 倾向9.triangle 三角10.tutorial 个别指导11.tutorial system 导师制度12.uncomfortable 不舒服的13.unhealthy diet 不健康的饮食14.unhealthy lifestyle 不健康的生活方式15.unsocial hours 没有社交时间16.urban 都市的e of land 土地利用18.vary 改变, 使多样化19.version 版本20.vertical 垂直线, 竖向21.video camera 摄像机22.visual aids 视觉教具23.vitamin A 维生素A24.volcanic dust 火山尘25.volcano 火山26.vote right 选举权27.warning 警告28.waste disposal 废物处置29.water pipes 水管30.water tank 水箱; 水槽31.wealthy people 有钱的人32.weed 野草, 杂草33.well-organized 良好组织性的34.west European 西欧35.wetland 湿地36.wheel 轮子37.wind blowing 风在吹38.window glass 窗玻璃39.workload 工作量40.worm 虫, 蚯蚓41.write a summary 写总结42.written questions 书面问题43.young graduates 年轻的大学毕业生。

MA.DESIGN INTERNATIONALCOMPANY VOCABULARY常用英文单词表DIFFERENT DESIGN STAGES设计的不同阶段CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PERIOD 概念设计阶段DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PERIOD 扩初设计阶段DETAILED DESIGN PERIOD 设计深化/施工图阶段SITE SUPPORTING PERIOD 现场支持/跟进阶段SOME WORDS排版常用的词汇CONCEPTUAL INTERIOR DESIGN PROPOSAL概念设计方案DESIGN CONCEPTS 设计理念DESIGN FEATURES 设计特点OUR GOALS 设计目标LAYOUT PLAN / SPACE PLANNING 平面布局图COLOR ZONE PLAN 彩色平面图TRAFFIC FLOW PLAN 人流动线图3D RENDERINGS / 3D PERSPECTIVES 三维效果图BIRD‘S-EYE VIEW 鸟瞰图CONCEPTUAL LIGHTING DESIGN 概念灯光设计FUNCTION ANALYSIS 功能分析SITE CONDITIONS 现场状况SITE ANALYSIS 现场分析COLOR SCHEME 色彩平衡SAMPLE BOARD 材料样板REFERENCE PICTURES 参考图片DETAILS DESIGN 细部处理HIGHLIGHTS DESIGN 亮点设计INTERIOR DESIGN PROPOSAL 室内设计方案EXTERIOR ELEVATION RENOVATION 建筑外立面改造BIDDING PROPOSAL 投标方案PROJECT TIME SCHEDULE 项目进度表PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 项目人员架构COMPANY INTRODUCTION 公司介绍DIFFERENT DESIGN STYLES设计的不同风格CONTEMPORARY MODERN STYLE 现代简洁风格CLASSICAL AND ELEGANT STYLE 古典贵气风格GRAND AND SIMPLE STYLE 简单大气风格CHINESE STYLE 中式风格NORTHERN EUROPEAN STYLE 北欧风格MEDITERRANEAN STYLE 地中海风格YOGA STYLE 瑜伽风格ZEN STYLE 禅风格FUSION STYLE 中西合璧风格SOME COLORS 常用色彩BLACK 黑色SILVER 银色GOLDEN 金色RED 红色WHITE 白色GREY 灰色BEIGE 米色COFFEE 咖啡色BROWN 褐色PINK 粉红色GREEN 绿色BLUE 蓝色SCARLET 绯红, 猩红PURPLE 紫色LAVENDER 淡紫色ORANGE 橙色YELLOW 黄色SMALL TIPS:DARK + 颜色= 更深的颜色LIGHT + 颜色= 更浅的颜色VOCABULARY FOR RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS居住空间类项目常用词汇（适用于样板房，酒店式公寓等）FOYER 门厅SHOE CABINET 鞋柜LIVING ROOM 客厅DINING ROOM 餐厅FAMILY ROOM 家庭起居室BEDROOM 卧室MASTER BEDROOM 主卧室GUEST BEDROOM 客卧室MASTER BATHROOM 主卫生间GUEST BATHROOM 客卫生间WALK-IN WARDROBE 走入式衣柜CHILDREN’S ROOM儿童房(SON’S ROOM / DAUGHTER’S ROOM) GRANDPARENT’S ROOM老人房STUDY 书房BAR AREA 酒吧区AV ROOM 视听室KITCHEN 厨房CORRIDOR 走道BALCONY 阳台GARDEN 花园ROOF GARDEN 屋顶花园MAID ROOM 佣人房BASEMENT 地下室GARAGE 车库VOCABULARY FOR CLUB HOUSE PROJECTS会所类项目常用词汇LIBRARY 阅览室CHILDREN’S PLAYG ROUND 儿童游乐场CIGAR + RED WINE ROOM 雪茄/ 红酒室AV ROOM 视听室POOL / SNOOKER 桌球室MAH-JONG ROOM 棋牌室GYM 健身中心SWIMMING POOL 游泳池INDOOR / OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOL室内/ 露天游泳池SPA / SAUNA 水疗/ 桑拿房RESTAURANT 餐厅CHINESE CUISINE RESTAURANT 中餐厅ITALIAN CUISINE RESTAURANT 意大利餐厅JAPANESE CUISINE RESTAURANT 日式料理WESTERN FOOD RESTAURANT 西餐厅BBQ AREA 烧烤区CAFETERIA 自助餐厅CAFÉ 咖啡吧LOUNGE 休息区BAR 酒吧JUICE BAR 果汁吧BACK KITCHEN 后厨LOBBY 大堂GARDEN 花园ROOF GARDEN 屋顶花园VOCABULARY FOR SALES OFFICE PROJECTS售楼处类项目常用词汇RECEPTION AREA 接待区/ 销控区MODEL DISPLA Y AREA 沙盘展示区UNIT MODEL DISPLA Y AREA 单体模型展示区MATERIAL DISPLA Y AREA 建材展示区DISCUSSION ROOM 洽谈室MEETING ROOM 会议室ROOM FOR SIGNING UP CONTRACTS 签约室FINANCE OFFICE 财务室CASHIER 缴费处SAMPLE ROOM AREA 样板房区域VOCABULARY FOR CORPORATE PROJECTS办公空间类项目常用词汇RECEPTION AREA 接待区LOGO WALL 公司标志墙WAITING AREA 等候区MAIL ROOM 收发室DISPLA Y AREA 展示区PRESIDENT OFFICE 总裁办公室CEO OFFICE CEO办公室GM OFFICE GM办公室DGM OFFICE DGM办公室MANAGER ROOM 经理室STAFF AREA 员工区MARKETING DEPT. 市场部SALES DEPT. 销售部ADMIN. DEPT. 行政部HR DEPT. 人事部FINANCE DEPT. 财务部AUDIT DEPT. 审计部BUSINESS DEPT. 事业部PURCHASING DEPT. 采购部MEETING ROOM 会议室CONFERENCE ROOM 大会议室VIP ROOM 贵宾室TRAINING ROOM 培训室IT ROOM 机房LIFT 电梯LIFT LOBBY 电梯间STAIRCASES 楼梯HYDRANT 消防栓PANTRY 茶水间LIBRARY 图书馆READING ROOM 阅览室STORAGE 储藏室COPY ROOM 复印室BUFFER ZONE 休息区CORRIDOR 走廊/ 走道TOILET (MALE / FEMALE) 洗手间（男/ 女）POSTER 海报ELEVATION 立面PLANTATION 绿化盆栽WATERSCAPE 水景SCULPTURE 雕塑LOW CABINET 低柜HANGING CABINET 吊柜FULL-HEIGHT CABINET 全高柜CUSTOM-MADE CABINET 定制柜PROJECTOR 投影机LOGO 公司标志LOGO WALL 标志墙/形象墙SOME MATERIAL常用建材WALL FINISHING 墙面处理WALLPAPER 墙纸WALLCOVERING 墙布ART PAINTING 挂画EMULSION PAINTING 乳胶漆POSTER 海报WOODEN CARVING 木雕MIRROR 镜子ART MIRROR 艺术镜子DOOR, WINDOW AND PARTITION 门窗及隔断DOOR FRAME 门框WINDOW FRAME 窗框DOUBLE-LEAF DOOR 双扇门SINGLE-LEAF DOOR 单扇门ONE-AND-A-HALF-LEAF DOOR 子母门HIDDEN DOOR 暗门SCREEN 屏风PARTITION 隔断FOLDABLE PARTITON 折叠式隔断屏风CEILING FINISHING 天花处理CEILING 天花FALSE CEILING 假天花FALSE CEILING TILE 天花矿棉板CEILING CORNICE 顶角线SKIRTING 踢脚线FLOOR FINISHING 地面处理CERAMIC TILE 瓷砖PVC TILE 胶地板CIMIC 玻化砖CARPET 地毯RUG 装饰块毯SPOT LIGHT 射灯DOWN LIGHT 筒灯FLOOR LAMP 立灯WALL LAMP 壁灯TABLE LAMP 台灯HANGING LAMP 吊灯FLUORESCENT 日光灯HVAC SYSTEM 空调系统FIRE SERVICE SYSTEM 消防系统INTELLIGENT SYSTEM 智能系统LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM 灯光控制系统DATA/VOICE SYSTEM 弱电（数据/语音）系统SECURITY SYSTEM 门禁系统QUEUE SYSTEM 叫号系统BACKGROUND MUSIC SYSTEM 背景音乐系统BROADCASTING SYSTEM 广播系统CCTV SYSTEM 监控系统M&E WORKS 机电工程P&D WORKS 给排水工程STONE & GLASS 石材及玻璃MANMADE STONE 人造石SLATE 板岩MARBLE 大理石FROSTED GLASS 磨砂玻璃TEMPER GLASS 清玻璃TOUGHENED GLASS 强化玻璃ART GLASS 艺术玻璃BACK PAINTED GLASS 烤漆玻璃STAINLESS STEEL 不锈钢PEBBLE 鹅卵石FABRIC 布艺LEATHER 皮革CURTAIN 窗帘VERTICAL BLINDS 垂直帘ROLLER BLINDS 卷帘BEAD CURTAIN 珠帘SAND 沙CEMENT 水泥PLASTER 石膏GYPSUM BOARD 石膏板CONCRETE 混凝土REINFORCED CONCRETE 钢筋混凝土GRAVEL 碎石BRICK 砖BEAM 梁COLUMN 柱ARCH 拱SCAFFOLD 脚手架PIPE，CONDUIT 管WIRING 线FURNITURE AND DECOR家具及装饰品TOILET 马桶SINK 台盆SINK FAUCET 台盆龙头SHOWER FAUCET 淋浴龙头SHOWER ROOM 淋浴间BATHTUB 浴缸SOAP HOLDER 皂架PAPER HOLDER 卷纸架HAND DRIER 干手机TRASH CAN 垃圾桶EXHAUSTING FAN 排风扇TOWEL ROD 毛巾杆DECOR 装饰品SCULPTURE 雕塑PLANTATION 绿化盆栽ARTIFICAL FLOWER 仿真花艺CANDLE HOLDER 烛台ANTIQUES 古董CUSHION 靠垫BEDDING 床上用品COSMETICS 化妆品STATIONERY 文具TABLEWARE 餐具DINGING ROOM 餐厅DINING TABLE 餐桌DINING CHAIR 餐椅DINING CABINET 餐边柜SIDE TABLE 案几FLOWER STAND 花架FOLDABLE PARTITON/SCREEN 屏风BAR TABLE 吧台BAR CHAIR 吧椅LIVING ROOM 客厅SINGLE SOFA 单人沙发TWO SEATED SOFA 双人沙发THREE SEATED SOFA 三人沙发ORIGINAL ART CHAIR 原创艺术椅子COFFEE TABLE 茶几CORNER TABLE 角几TV CABINET 电视柜SIDE TABLE 案几BEDROOM 卧室SINGLE BED 单人床DOUBLE BED 双人床BED-SIDE TABLE 床边柜BED STOOL 床尾凳TV CABINET 电视柜MAKE-UP DESK 梳妆台MAKE-UP CHAIR 梳妆椅WARDROBE 衣柜CLOTHES RACK 衣架LAZE CHAIR 休闲椅SOFA 休闲沙发STUDY 书房DESK 书桌CHAIR 书桌椅/电脑椅COMPUTER DESK 电脑桌BOOK SHELF 书架CD SHELF 唱片架KITCHEN 厨房PLATE RACK 碗盘架HOOK 粘钩ARTIFICAL FOOD 仿真食品ARTIFICAL FRUIT 仿真水果DISHRAG 抹布TRASH BIN 垃圾桶BATHROOM 主卫生间TOILETARY 卫浴用品TOWEL 毛巾BATH ROBE 浴袍SLIPPERS 拖鞋MATH 地垫SOAP HOLDER 肥皂缸TISSUE BOX 纸巾盒DECOR PAINTING 装饰画BALCONY 阳台OUTDOOR COFFEE TABLE 室外茶几OUTDOOR LAZE CHAIR 室外椅OUTDOOR SWING CHAIR 室外千秋GRILL 室外烧烤架。