第二部分第二讲代词和介词讲解

第2讲代词【人称、物主、反身代词大PK】1、人称代词表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们、他们/她们/它们的词叫人称代词。

人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。

2、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，物主代词有人称和数的变化。

3、反身代词表示“我（们）自己”“你（们）自己”“他、她、它（们）自己”。

反身代词由人称代词或物主代词【不定代词大杂烩】1、other、the other、another、others、the others、the rest的用法及区别234、some&any【疑问代词】习题1. I can’t find ____________ in the small wooden box. It’s empty.A) something B) anything C) nothing D) some things 【答案】B【解析】否定句用anything2. The students in our school went to the Forest Park yesterday and enjoyed there.A) they B) them C) their D) themselves 【答案】D【解析】enjoy oneself玩得开心3. Mr. Wang has three sons and of them is a doctor.A) all B) both C) none D) neither【答案】C【解析】由is可知三者都不，用none4. Computers are super calculators and people often call_________ electronic brains.A) they B) them C) their D) theirs【答案】B【解析】call sth sth称某物为某物，动词后面用宾格5. Some people enjoy reading detective stories, but __________ prefer reading comic books.A) another B) the other C) others D) the others【答案】C【解析】some....others...一些....一些....6. Jacky is not old enough to take care of ________. He is only four years old.A) he B) his C) him D) himself【答案】D【解析】take care of oneself照顾某人自己7. We all believe that Jane is old enough to make a decision by __________.A) she B) her C) herself D) hers【答案】C【解析】by oneself通过某人自己8. Next week we will ask __________ engineers for their opinions on the new design.A) other B) the other C) another D) others【答案】A【解析】other+可数名词复数，其他的工程师9. Tim and Tom were twins, and __________ of them volunteered their services in Africa.A) all B) either C) both D) neither【答案】C【解析】用and并列所以两者都去做志愿服务了。

第二部分语法及语法填空专题二自由填空第二讲代词和介词（短语）O板块一考题体验•聚—焦高考板块二考点透析•突破高考考生在代词和介词的学习过程中存在的问题如下：I ■（1）对代词的基本功能和用法掌握不扎实；（2）在使用时，未判断所指代内容，单凭语感解题；（3）易混代词的用法特点不能把握；（4）介词及介词短语在使用时混乱，不能切实掌握常见介词的特点。

考点一常见代词类型的基本用法1人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：2物主代词：在句子中作定语修饰名词或代词的为形容词性物主代词；在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词+〃・”的为名词性物主代词，通常在句子中作主语或宾语，如下表：注意：⑴形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，修饰名词，如：her father她的父亲。

（2）“of（介词）+名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of my fathers我父亲的朋友中的一个。

［典例1］［2015-广东揭阳学业水平考试］Everyone in the room held their breath as the music began. When 小厂all saw tears flowing down my pale cheeks, the song had only been played halfway.［解析］根据空格的位置可知句子中缺少主语，并且根据上下文语境可知，该空格代指的是“everyone", 故用they来代替。

I；；］；；；［典例2］［2015•黑龙江双鸭山一中期末］Kevin Daly was sentenced to nearly three years in prison after hi closing control of partner Alice Hicks' car on a country road.［解析］”考查代词用法。

第一讲名词一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。

二、名词的分类（一）专有名词和普通名词名词根据其意义分为普通名词和专有名词1、专有名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。

如：Peter, Snow White, Sunday, April,Christmas Day, China, Changsha, the Great Wall, the WTO, West Street...2、凡不属于特定的人或事物的名称的词，叫普通名词。

如：desk, book , people, air, interest,idea...（二）可数名词和不可数名词名词根据是否能够用数字来计算，可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。

1、可数名词复数的变化规则a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches；c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families, city-cities ；d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：wife- wives, knife-knives,wolf -wolves, leaf-leaves ；e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）__________+es 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) ___________+s 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese单复数同形:fish-fish deer -deer sheep -sheep people(人们）-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese（中日不变英法变，其余后面加s)Englishman-____________________, Frenchman-_________________Russian=_____________________ American-__________________2、复合名词变复数boy student-boy students man doctor-men doctors3、不可数名词◆不可数名词没有复数形式，如：tea,,meat.◆不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词（a/an）直接修饰，若要表示数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。

中考复习专题讲座（二）：代词专业，才能做得更好一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1．阅读理解Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestone (里程碑) in space research. On January 3, 2019, Chang'e-4 became the first lunar probe (月球探测器) in history to successfully land on the far side of the moon.The Earth's gravity (重力) slows the moon's rotation (自转), matching it to the speed of its orbit (公转). Therefore, the far side of the moon is almost "dark" and has never been seen. It's this sense of the unknown that makes the far side of the moon such an interesting place for scientific and space research. Being blown by solar (太阳的) winds, the far side may have the special minerals (矿物质). For this reason, Chang'e-4 will study the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface and any mineral found by the spacecraft. Chang'e-4 is also carrying flower seeds, potatoes and silkworm eggs to see whether life is possible on the moon. If it is, then the moon willbecome a possible choice for space travel in the future.However, research of the "dark" side isn't easy. As the far side is blocked(阻断) off from us, radio noise coming off Earth is also blocked. This is why China's relay satellite (中继卫星) Queqiao was sent up in May, 2018. Thanks to Queqiao, the communication problem betweenEarth and Chang'e-4 has been well solved.Power supply (电源供应) is also a challenge to the task. Chang'e-4 gets energy from the sun through its solar panels. As we know, a lunar day has the length (长度) of 28 Earth days. After Chang'e-4 was sent up on December 8, 2018, it took the probe over 20 days to orbit the moon to be in a position to be able to land in moon daylight and use its solar panels.Luckily, everything goes well, Chang'e-4 has worked on the "dark" side for over 5 months. It has sent back many photos of the far side of the moon and has been used to carry out some scientific experiments.The New York Times used the word "groundbreaking" to praise the task and wrote that "it will offer help to the history and development of the moon".（1）When was Chang'e-4 sent up?A. In May, 2018.B. On December 8, 2018.C. On January 3, 2019.D. The passage doesn't tell us.（2）The main tasks of Chang'e-4 don't include _______________________.A. studying if life is possible on the moonB. studying the effect of solar winds on the lunar surfaceC. solving the communication problem between Earth and other probesD. researching any mineral found by the spacecraft（3）The meaning of the underlined word "groundbreaking" in the last paragraph is the closest to "________________".A. harmfulB. unpredictableC. riskyD. pioneering（4）According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Chang'e-4 has sent back many photos of the far side of the moon.B. A lunar day has the length of 28 Earth days.C. China's relay satellite Queqiao was sent up in order to offer power supply to probes.D. Chang'e-4 is the first lunar probe in history that has successfully landed on the "dark" side of the moon.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了中国的嫦娥四号月球探测器，为我们讲述了嫦娥四号升空时间，什么时候在月球背面着陆，如何跟地球进行通讯联系等等。

第02讲代词、介词和介词短语（讲）【考纲考情】一、代词考点，是英语高考常考点之一。

在高考中主要考查点有：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、代词宾格、形式主语或宾语的it、强调句中的it等。

应特别注意以下几点：①对代词的指代或替代功能的考查；①对不定代词意义用法的考查；①对反身代词的考查；①对代词格的考查；①对it作形式主语或宾语的考查、强调句中的it的考查；①对含有代词的短语考查。

代词在高考中的命题形式主要有：语法填空；完形填空；改错；书面表达。

二、介词(短语)考点，是英语高考必考点之一。

在高考中主要考点有：考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配；介词(短语)的正确运用以及与形容词或动词搭配。

对介词(短语)的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空、完形填空、改错、书面表达中。

【考点梳理】一、代词（一）、人称代词人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：（二）、物主代词物主代词：在句子中作定语修饰名词的为形容词性物主代词；在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词＋n.”的为名词性物主代词，通常在句子中作主语或宾语，如下表：（2）“of（介词）＋名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of mine （my father's）我（我父亲的）朋友中的一个。

（3）形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调，one's own ... ＝... of one's own。

（4）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。

take sb by the arm, be wounded in the leg。

（三）、指示代词（四）、不定代词1．one, ones, the one, the ones, those, it, that的区别2．the other, other, another, others的区别3．either, both, neither, all, none, any的区别4．none, no one与nothing的区别(1)none指人或物，表特指，可与of短语连用，回答疑问词how many/much引起的问句。