2019年高考英语深化复习+命题热点提分专题02代词和介词

专题二代词、介词和介词短语1.【2018·重庆】2. The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date for sure.A.everybodyB. nobodyC. anybodyD. somebody【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。

根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B 项。

【考点定位】考查代词。

【名师点睛】这道题考查不定代词，题目难度不大，不定代词的运用要根据题目中所给的语境，及关键词来进行确定。

Somebody一般用于肯定的陈述句中，anybody多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中，everybody用于肯定句； nobody表示没人或没有人；根据语境中的but可知表示转折，故暗示没有人知道确切的日期。

2.【2018·重庆】10. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.A. belowB. onC. atD. above【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。

With 的宾语global temperature ，宾语补足above the average。

【考点定位】考查介词。

【名师点睛】with的复合结构中，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词和代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式或分词充当。

而本题考查with +名词/代词+介词短语,而介词的使用则根据当时语境的提示来做出相应的变化即句中的the warmest year on record起重要作用，可知高出平均气温。

3.【2018·浙江】3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?A. aboutB. toC. withD. over【答案】 B【解析】试题分析：句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth 固定搭配，是什么的家园的意思。

三年（2019-2021）年高考真题分项汇编专题02 代词、介词和介词短语一、2021年高考真题1.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）It was built originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。

在唐朝the Tang dynasty，是段时间，故填in。

2.（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will【答案】mine【解析】考查代词。

根据提示词可知，句意为：这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。

句中it指代the song, does 指代动词sticks，空格处应指my memory，为了避免重复，用名词性物主代词来代替"形容词性物主代词+ 名词"。

故填mine。

3.（2021.6全国乙卷【答案】its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。

空格所填词与空后的origin一起作has的宾语；同时与空后的origin构成限定关系，因此应填形容词物主代词。

句意：生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运动。

故填its。

4.（2021.6全国乙卷【答案】of【解析】考查介词。

根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。

句意：……各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。

故填of。

5.（2021.1 浙江卷语法填空）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI【答案】by【解析】考查介词。

句意：研究发现1985-2017年间，男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。

increase by+数值表示增长了多少，故答案为by。

【考向解读】代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词类。

在单项填空考查中主要考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词以及it的特殊用法、代词的辨析、代词与否定词构成的否定与半否定等。

对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法上，最常见的是介词短语的考查及介词的固定搭配。

【命题热点突破一】人称代词、物主代词、指示代词和反身代词例1、(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other , I was just glad to find (they) alive.【解析】考查代词。

这里用them指代上文的the gorillas。

【答案】them【变式探究】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.【解析】考查代词。

此处表示“他们会对我(me)说。

”【答案】us→me【变式探究】(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt ________(I)，” says Pahlsson.【答案】myself【变式探究】(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself，...This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. ______________【解析】此处介绍的是我的故事，因此这里应该是我高中时期的回忆。

上下文的人称应该保持一致。

【答案】your→my【变式探究】（2017江苏）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.whichB.it’sC.whoseD.whom【答案】C【解析】关系代词whose引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作purpose的定语。

三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题02 代词、介词和介词短语一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。

句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。

空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。

“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。

“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。

故选B。

2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。

句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。

A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。

故选A。

3.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。

代词和介词Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(2016·天津卷)I hate it when she calls me at work —I’m always too busy to carry ___________ a conversation with her.答案：on2．(2016·浙江卷6月)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help. ___________ short，he’s reliable.答案：In3．(2018·潍坊一模)___________ Saturday afternoon, my friends and I decided to cook some traditional Chinese food rather than eat out.答案：On4．(2015·重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September, but ___________ knows the date for sure.答案：nobody5．(2015·天津卷)The quality of education in this small school is better than ___________ in some larger schools.答案：that6．(四川卷)She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ___________ and moved to Cambridge.答案：neither7．(2018·三门峡考前适应性训练)She remembered how difficult ___________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.答案：it8．(2018·丹东总复习测试)When Monday came, she arrived at school in Colorado, only to be told that her new hair style was ___________ the school rules.答案：against9．(2018·长春外国语学校模拟)Nowadays, ___________ the development of technology, online shopping is becoming more and more convenient.答案：with10．Don’t wo rry about the children. They’re old enough to take care of ___________ (they)．答案：themselvesⅡ单句改错1．(2018·福州八中质检)My experience has taught me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation, can we go beyond ourselves.___________答案：with→to2．(陕西卷)I’d appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not youwill come.___________答案：在if前加it3．(2018·云、贵、川百校联考)But it’s difficult for me to decide what activitieswe should organize and how to plan it.___________答案：将plan后的it改为them4．(2018·河北沧州质检)They do it because the platform allows their voice to be heardand constantly encourages them to improve them.___________答案：第二个them→themselves5．Both teams were in hard training; none was willing to lose the game.___________ 答案：none→neitherⅢ语法填空(2018·湖北八校联考)I have recently returned from 1.___________ extended26­day trip to China. I made two earlier trips to China in 2012. On my previous visitsmy travel 2.___________ (limit) to the three major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing. This time I, together with my family, was able to visit some of the more remote cities and holiday destinations 3.___________ (miss) on the previous tripsand revisit Beijing and Shanghai to observe the great changes there in just four short years.The many contradictions and 4.___________ (struggle) within China today are very impressive. No one can ignore the rich culture 5.___________ (date) back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.6.___________ happens in China, the third 7.___________ (large) countryin the world with 20 percent of the world’s population, will 8.___________ (certain) shape the immediate and distant futures of 9.___________ (we) all.On this blog(博客) I will be posting a travel journal 10.___________ photographs and drawings. Marked on the map are the cities and villages I visited while in China.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的中国之旅及所见所感。

代词、介词和介词短语专题02考点01代词1.（2024年浙江卷1月·语法填空）Who knows,perhaps some of the more forward-looking________(one)mayyet come out with a whole range of“just for you”pack sizes with special offers as well.【答案】ones【解析】考查代词。

句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。

代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。

故填ones。

2.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）This area,with_______(it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty,must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。

句意：这个地方，以其独特而令人惊叹的自然美景，必须被妥善保存供全国人民欣赏。

这里“它们”用形容词性物主代词做定语修饰名词beauty。

3.（2023年全国甲卷改错）In that class,Miss Zhao,our biology teacher,showed we insects on stamps.【答案】we→us【解析】考查代词。

句意：在那节课上，我们的生物老师赵老师给我们看了邮票上的昆虫。

作动词show的宾语，应用宾格us。

故we改为us。

4.（2023年全国乙卷改错）Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair.She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore.【答案】his→her【解析】考查代词。

1．— Have Max and Tina sold out all the English dictionaries?— Yes, completely. ________ is left.A． None B． NothingC． No one D． Neither【答案】A【解析】no one只能指人，但不具体指什么人，一般用来回答who。

none具体指什么人或物，一般用来回答how many。

句意：卖完所有的英语字典了吗？是的，全部卖完了，没有一本剩下来。

故选A。

2． is his dream to put on his own concert one day in the Great Hall of the People. A． That B． ItC． This D． One【答案】B【解析】句意：在人民大会堂里举行自己的音乐会是他的梦想。

it是形式主语，真正的主语是“to put on his own concert one day in the Great Hall of the people”。

B选项正确。

3．He will have to ____ of his opponent's criticisms of a wild ambition, ____ driving him to be crazy.A． face the music; one B． cry for the moon; onesC． walk on eggshell; who D． wake a sleeping dog; which【答案】A4．The discussion achieved _______ a success, leaving many details to be worked out later. A． other than B． anything butC． no more than D． nothing but【答案】B【解析】句意：“这场讨论根本不是成功，只留下了许多细节以后再解决。

专题二代词、介词和介词短语1.【2015·重庆】2. The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the datefor sure.A.everybodyB. nobodyC. anybodyD. somebody【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。

根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B项。

【考点定位】考查代词。

【名师点睛】这道题考查不定代词，题目难度不大，不定代词的运用要根据题目中所给的语境，及关键词来进行确定。

Somebody一般用于肯定的陈述句中，anybody多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中，everybody用于肯定句；nobody表示没人或没有人；根据语境中的but可知表示转折，故暗示没有人知道确切的日期。

2.【2015·重庆】10. Last year was the warmest year on record, with globaltemperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.A. belowB. onC. atD. above【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。

With 的宾语global temperature ，宾语补足above the average。

【考点定位】考查介词。

【名师点睛】with的复合结构中，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词和代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式或分词充当。

而本题考查with +名词/代词+介词短语,而介词的使用则根据当时语境的提示来做出相应的变化即句中的the warmest yearon record起重要作用，可知高出平均气温。

3.【2015·浙江】3.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?A. aboutB. toC. withD. over【答案】 B【解析】试题分析：句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth 固定搭配，是什么的家园的意思。

第三讲代词和介词一、单句语法填空1．(2017年新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空)I ________ (my) went through this searching process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better. 2．(2017年新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they traveled to and ________ work.3．(2017年新课标Ⅲ卷·语法填空)After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to u niversity to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.4．(2016年新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空)On my recent visit, I held a lively three­month­old twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother.5．(2016年新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空)Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.6．(2016年新课标Ⅲ卷·语法填空)In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.7．(2017年北京卷·完形填空)But through all this, Hannah still has the normal life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, ________ that she pays regular visits to homeless people. 8．(2017年江苏卷·单项填空)Determining where we are in relation ________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.9．(2017年天津卷·完形填空)My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 ________ support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. 10．(2017年浙江卷·语法填空)She thought I had hurt ________(I)．11．(2016年北京卷·阅读理解A)Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150＋at 17, I'm anything ________ stupid.12．(2016年天津卷·单项填空)The dictionary is out ________ date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.13．(2016年新课标Ⅲ卷·阅读理解D)He found that science amazed Times' readers and made ________ (they) want to share this positive feeling with others. 14．(2016年浙江卷·单项填空)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up ________ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.15．(2016年江苏卷·单项填空)Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.二、单句改错1．(2017年新课标Ⅰ卷·短文改错)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.________________________________________________________________________ 2．(2017年新课标Ⅱ卷·短文改错)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.________________________________________________________________________ 3．(2017年新课标Ⅲ卷·短文改错)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.________________________________________________________________________ 4．(2016年新课标Ⅰ卷·短文改错)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.________________________________________________________________________ 5．(2016年新课标Ⅱ卷·短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your viewand gain knowledge we cannot get from books.________________________________________________________________________ 6．(2016年新课标Ⅲ卷·短文改错)Now I am leaving home to college.________________________________________________________________________ 7．(2016年北京卷·阅读理解A)I want to tell you how important you help is to my life. ________________________________________________________________________ 8．(2017年江苏卷·完形填空)The teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store­room to see if any of the instruments there appealed him.________________________________________________________________________ 9．(2017年天津卷·单项填空)We offer an excellent education to our students.As return, we expect students to work hard.________________________________________________________________________ 10．(2017年江苏卷·完形填空)He swore to him to avoid music, as he hated getting to school extra early.________________________________________________________________________ 11．(2016年北京卷·阅读理解C)So scientists have come up a shocking idea.________________________________________________________________________ 12．(2017年北京卷·七选五型阅读理解)That's why students do better in tests if he get a chance to sleep after learning.________________________________________________________________________ 13．(2016年四川卷·短文改错)Dad cleaned the house, and went on shopping.________________________________________________________________________ 14．(2017年新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空)Although Freddy was taken from we, we all took something from Freddy.________________________________________________________________________ 15．(2016年江苏卷·完形填空)I wasn't doing anything by purpose to make myself better.________________________________________________________________________三、语法填空用适当的介词或代词填空It was Sunday today and Maggie wanted to see 1.________ parents with the children.Her parents lived in the town.It would take them 2.________ least 3 hours to get there, so 3.________ set off early in the morning, hoping to arrive at the town before noon.However, on their way to the town, the car broke down.Maggie had to stop the car 4.________ the road and called the insurance agent 5.________ help.Soon the man came, but to 6.________ surprise, he found that the car had run out 7.________ gas.After filling the car 8.________ enough gas, Maggie drove faster to make up 9.________ the lost time.The result was that she was stopped 10.________ a police and got a ticket for her overspeed.What a day!第三讲代词和介词一、1.myself 2.from 3.in 4.its 5.on 6.with7．except 8.to 9.in 10.myself 11.but 12.of13．them 14.in 15.of二、1.on→of 2.all→both/去掉all 3.去掉of4．dreams后加of 5.your→our 6.to→for7．第二个you→your8.appealed后加to 9.As→In10．him→himself11.up后加with 12.he→they13．去掉on 14.第一个we→us15.by→on三、1.her 2.at 3.they 4.by 5.for 6.his 7.of 8.with 9.for 10.by。

在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。

代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。

近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。

试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。

因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。

热点题型一人称代词例1、Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached be low her knees andmade________almost an overcoat for her.A. themB. herC. itselfD. herself【答案】C【提分秘籍】一般地说人称代词作主语用其主格；作宾语用其宾格；作定语用其形容词性物主代词；用名词性物主代词以代替“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。

但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。

1．用于无谓语的句子中—Does any of you know why Jack hasn’t come yet?你们有谁知道杰克怎么还没有到？—Me.我。

答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：I can.和I do，too./So do I.2．表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪①—Do you have good eyesight，young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗？—Me? I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away.我？我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。

②What? Me fight a big chap like him? Not me!什么？我同像他那样的大个子打架？不会是我！3．代替as，than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末)①I’m not as tall as him (he)．我没有他个子高。

第二讲代词和介词近几年，高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。

语法填空侧重对 it用法的考查；而短文改错对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等的用法上。

考生在解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数，应仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分，确定代词的格。

未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重代词的基本用法，并会加强语境的真实性和复杂性。

( 一 ) 考点练悟 ( 用代词填空 )“Without the ball, I'm half complete of 1.________ (I) ，” Luis Figo, one ofthe world's greatest football players once said.The Portuguese played his first international match in 1991 at the age of 18and has kept scoring ever since.He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing 2.________ (he) hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for 3.________ (he) in Lisbon. “Figo, Figo ，” 4.________ shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.The Real Madrid player, 31, wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win5.________ Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona for82.4 million dollars in 2000, and he showed everyone what a great player he was bywinning FIFA's Footballer of the Year award in 2001.“Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player ，”sai d FIFA President Joseph Blatter in 2001. “Figo 6.________ (he) is a real leader who always tries his best on the field and a good team player. 7.________ is no problem for him to work together with his teammate at Real Madrid, star footballer DavidBeckham. ” In fact, Figo was the first 8.________ to welcome Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strong team, and we can help one 9.________ and work together to besuccessful ，” Figo said.答案： 1.myself 2.his 3.him 4.all 5.another 6.himself 7.It 8.one 9.another( 二) 快捷技法思考趋向1．当提示词为代词时，需分析判断用其主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词中的哪种形式。

第02讲代词、介词和介词短语（讲）【考纲考情】一、代词考点，是英语高考常考点之一。

在高考中主要考查点有：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、代词宾格、形式主语或宾语的it、强调句中的it等。

应特别注意以下几点：①对代词的指代或替代功能的考查；①对不定代词意义用法的考查；①对反身代词的考查；①对代词格的考查；①对it作形式主语或宾语的考查、强调句中的it的考查；①对含有代词的短语考查。

代词在高考中的命题形式主要有：语法填空；完形填空；改错；书面表达。

二、介词(短语)考点，是英语高考必考点之一。

在高考中主要考点有：考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配；介词(短语)的正确运用以及与形容词或动词搭配。

对介词(短语)的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空、完形填空、改错、书面表达中。

【考点梳理】一、代词（一）、人称代词人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：（二）、物主代词物主代词：在句子中作定语修饰名词的为形容词性物主代词；在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词＋n.”的为名词性物主代词，通常在句子中作主语或宾语，如下表：（2）“of（介词）＋名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of mine （my father's）我（我父亲的）朋友中的一个。

（3）形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调，one's own ... ＝... of one's own。

（4）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。

take sb by the arm, be wounded in the leg。

（三）、指示代词（四）、不定代词1．one, ones, the one, the ones, those, it, that的区别2．the other, other, another, others的区别3．either, both, neither, all, none, any的区别4．none, no one与nothing的区别(1)none指人或物，表特指，可与of短语连用，回答疑问词how many/much引起的问句。

第二节短文改错热点考向短文改错中的一致性原则所涉及的内容包括：主谓一致性原则、时态一致性原则、代词指代一致性原则。

热点1主谓一致性原则(1)把握好名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致性。

(2)注意当名词性从句、动名词(短语)或不定式(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词多用单数。

(3)重视主语后跟的连接词。

(4)注意某些限定词修饰的名词作主语时的主谓一致性。

例One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.分析在when引导的时间状语从句中，主语her parents为复数，该从句的系动词也应用复数形式。

故将was改为were。

热点2时态一致性原则(1)多个谓语动词并列时，其时态必须保持一致。

(2)主从复合句的时态一致性：在状语从句中，大多数情况下主从句前后的时态要保持一致；但在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句为将来时态时，从句用现在时表将来。

在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词用现在时或将来时，则从句的谓语动词可用任何时态；若主句谓语动词用过去时，则从句中的谓语动词也要用相应的某种过去时态，但从句所表述的内容是普遍存在的客观真理时，从句仍用现在时。

例They did not want me to do any work at home；they want me to devote all my time to my studies，but I felt unpleasant.分析根据They did not want me...和but I felt unpleasant用的是一般过去时可知，谓语动词want也应用一般过去时，故将第二个want改为wanted。

热点3代词指代一致性原则要注意上下文中的代词指代应前后一致，若前面是the woman，则其后的代词就是she，her，hers等。

例What’s more，you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.分析of后的代词指代前面的复数名词pupils，作of的宾语，因此应用复数形式。