No Giant Skyscrapers
Chicago and New York are famous for their1 tall buildings2. California cannot be3. Its4 buildings have to be famous for their beauty or their historical importance5. California is earthquake country.
The San Andreas Fault is a cause of earthquakes6. It7 is a long crack in the earth that stretches from Southern to Northern California. Rocks inside the earth8 move and the earth shakes. These earthquakes make the fault bigger9.
The most famous earthquake in California happened in 1906. It10 destroyed most of the young city of San Francisco. People rebuilt the city11. They looked at the buildings that did not12 fall in the earthquake and they learned more about13 building in California. Tall buildings can be dangerous14 in earthquakes. Today California has codes that say15 how a building must be built and how tall it can be.
Los Angeles has16 several earthquakes each year. The tall buildings move a little17 and everyone takes a deep breath18. Usually tourists and newcomers are the most frightened19. People who grew up20 in California say, “We're used to it21!”
Earthquakes do not stop the building industry in California, but they do make architects work a little harder. The buildings they design have to look good and stand up in an earthquake22. These buildings are good examples of modern California architecture. The Nonaventure Hotel is a few city blocks from the old Mission church. The Century City Complex is near the Ocean. It stands on the site of the old Twentieth Century Fox movie studios. These buildings show that people are not afraid to build23 in California.
(264 words)
苗族龙船节
苗族龙船节，与汉族的端午节不同。除时间不同外，一般不举行竞赛，主要活动是串寨子，走亲访友。清晨，龙船在江水中游动，所到之处，亲友们纷纷到岸边“接龙”。
龙船过寨，鸣放铁炮传告亲友，岸上以鞭炮声相呼应。亲友们上前，向船上的人各敬两杯米酒，并将礼品——鹅鸭、彩绸挂于龙头。如系女婿、姑舅等至亲，送上的礼物则是猪羊。
下午四时左右，龙船靠岸休息，水手们将糯米饭团和肉放置船帮上就餐，不用碗筷。岸上的妇女和小孩前来“讨路边饭”。传说，吃了龙船上的食品，能消灾免难，百事如愿。后来这就成为传统的风俗习惯。
岸上，还有苗家传统的赛马、斗牛、踩鼓等活动。姑娘们身着节日盛装应着木鼓鼓点翩翩起舞。飞歌往来，通宵达旦，青年男女得以相识，往往以后成为夫妻。（318字）
The Isle of Achill
What a strange, pathetic island! Yet none seems conscious of this. God has planted them on a sea-grit rock; therefore, God intended them to remain there! Who would dare to murmur against the divine wisdom? The soil is hard. There is no money. But on can earn money in the foreign countries of England and Scotland, situated, also it seems by divine providence, a few short hours off in a boat.
When the men go to the foreign farms, Achill becomes an isle of women. They run the home and they work the fields. They strive and plan for the return of their men in the autumn.
These women and the neurotic women of cities belong to different worlds. It is tragic to see beauty withering visibly and so early, under the trials of a hard life. Here a woman is old at thirty and senile at forty. She knows nothing of comfort and care as women in cities know them. And there seems to be no time in her life when she can fold her hands and gaze about her from the privileged harbor of her old age. You will see women laboring in the fields, and coming like beasts of burden along the road, but so bent and so wrinkled that their age defies supposition.
Yet there is laughter in Achill. The young girls laugh as they drive the geese over rocks; they laugh as they climb the low stone walls with their baskets; they laugh as they call off wild dogs that threaten to devour the stranger; they laugh most of all, so I am told, on evenings at dance time when the men are home from overseas and their fiddles twitter over the hills of Achill like birds under an eave.
(299 words)
巴拿马城
巴拿马城是巴拿马首都和最大城市，位于巴拿马运河太平洋人口处。面积106.5万平方公里，人口69.5万，占全国人口的1/3以上。城市座落在一岩性半岛上，背山临海，平均海拔36米。气候湿热，年平均气温29.6度，千万年差较小；年平均降雨1903毫米。原为印第安人渔村。1519年建城。1671年被英国海盗烧毁。1674年于原址西8公里处重建。1903年起成为首都。1911年人口仅3.8万，后随巴拿马运河的通航而发展。作为全国经济中心，市区工商业主要为运河区的发展服务。工业有炼油、轧钢、制鞋、服装、食品、烟草、水泥和木材加工等。城市实行金融开放政策，有80余家外国银行在此登记营业。外港巴尔博亚在城西8公里处，建有长1653米的亚美利加桥跨越运河；航道水深13.71米，码头总长954.9米，港口设施完备，能停泊远洋巨轮。城市分为古城、老城和新城三部分。古城为1617年大火所焚毁，现辟为旅游地和高级住宅区；老城在古城以南，建筑具有典型的西班牙风格，是行政、文化区；新城处于古城和老城之间，多现代化摩天大楼，是繁华商业区。
(416字)
The Monster
He was an undersized little man, with a head too big for his body ——a sickly little man. His nerves were bad. He had skin trouble. It was agony for him to wear anything next to his skin coarser than silk. And he had delusions of grandeur.
He was a monster of conceit. Never for a moment did he look at the world or at people, except in relation to himself. He was not only the most important person in the world, to himself; in his own eyes he was the only person who existed. He believed himself to be one of the greatest dramatists in the world, one of the greatest thinkers, and one of the greatest composers. To hear him talk, he was Shakespeare, and Beethoven, and Plato, rolled into one. And you would have had no difficulty in hearing him talk. He was one of the most exhausting conversationalists that ever lived. An evening with him was an evening spent in listening to a monologue. Sometime he was brilliant; sometimes he was maddeningly tiresome. But whether he was being brilliant or dull, he had one sole topic of conversation: himself. What he thought and what he did.
He had a mania for being in the right. The slightest hint of disagreement, from anyone, on the most trivial point, was enough to set him off on a harangue that might last for hours, in which he proved himself right in so many ways, and with such exhausting volubility, that in the end his hearer, stunned and deafened, would agree with him, for the sake of peace.
千古奇人徐霞客
徐霞客（1587－1641），名宏祖，字振之，号霞逸，江阴（今属江苏）人。他的好友陈继儒因他酷爱旅行，经常餐霞宿露于山林野泽之间，为他取号“霞客”。徐霞客自幼“特好奇书，侈博古今史籍，及舆地志、山海图经，以及一切冲举高蹈之迹，每私覆经书下潜玩，神栩栩动”（陈函辉《徐霞客墓志铭》）。他有“穷九州内外，探奇测秘”之志，父亲早逝，母亲竭诚支持他的志趣，勉励说：“少而悬孤，长而有志四方，男子事也。吾为汝治装，行矣。”（陈继儒《寿江阴徐老太君儒人八十叙》）并且为儿子亲手缝制“远游冠”，以壮行色。与一般人的“有方之游”不同，徐霞客追求的是不问道里，不计行期的“万里遐征”。从22岁到去世的三十多年间，他旅泊崖栖，风餐露宿，涉洪流，探洞穴，滑陡坡，攀险峰，又是遇盗绝粮，挫折累累，始终没有动摇他的意志。在漫长的旅游生涯中，徐霞客每到一处都注意考察山川形势、地质水文、物产名俗等，用日记的形式加以记录，即使栖身山野，也点燃枯枝照明，坚持记录。如此日积月累，除佚散者之外，遗有六十多万字的游记资料，后人辑为《徐霞客》游记。
Westminster Abbey
On one of those sober and rather melancholy days, in the latter part of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey. There was something congenial to the season in the mournful magnificence of the old pile; and, as I passed its threshold, it seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity, and losing myself among the shades of former ages.
I entered from the inner court of Westminster School, through a long, low, vaulted passage, that has an almost subterranean look, being dimly lighted in one part by circular perforations in the massive walls. Through this dark avenue I had a distant view of the cloisters, with the figure of an old verger, in his black gown, moving along their shadowy vaults, and seeming like a specter from one of the neighboring tombs. The approach of the abbey through these gloomy monastic remains prepares the mind for its solemn contemplation.
The cloisters still retain something of the quiet and seclusion of former days. The sun was pouring down a yellow autumnal ray into the square of the cloisters, beaming upon a scanty plot of grass in the center, and lighting up an angle of the vaulted passage with a kind of dusky splendor. From between the arcades, the eye glanced up to a bit of blue sky or a passing cloud, and beheld the sun-gilt pinnacles of the abbey towering into the azure heaven.
(260 words)
黄山
黄山位于安徽省南部，是国家重点风景名胜区。
黄山占地约154平方公里，有72个重要山峰。自古以来，无数游客被她的美丽和奇观所吸引，人称“天下名景集黄山”，“黄山归来不看岳”。
黄山前山以三主峰为首，分别是莲花峰、光明顶和天都峰。天都峰是最险峻的山峰，最险处在“鲫鱼背”，它实是一块狭长石岗，长约20米，宽约1米。纯石无土，中央隆起，形如鱼背。岗上山风强劲，两侧万丈深渊，时有迷雾扑来，颇多险中之趣。登顶可见大字石刻：“登峰造极”！
莲花峰海拔1873米，是黄山最高峰。此峰状如莲花，登上峰顶，直觉顶天立地。光明顶海拔1841米是黄山第二高峰。山顶平旷，视野开阔，幸运之时可看到“日华”奇观——云海之上，一轮内紫外红的美丽光环显示在太阳周围，光明顶也因此得名。
狮子峰、始信峰和西海群峰式黄山后山诸峰中最精彩的景点。狮子峰好象是上天的杰作，有“天然图画”、“面面受奇”的石刻，有“说也不信，到者方知”的名联，有“不到狮子峰，不见黄山踪”的评语。始信峰小巧秀丽，奇松挂壁，雾漫峰尖，云飘谷底。西海群峰千姿百态，云雾飘渺，万壑深渊，似有群仙游荡，变幻莫测。
黄山还以奇松、怪石、云海、温泉“四绝”闻名中外。（485字）
The Old Man and the Sea
He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches, so white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains. He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats come riding through it. He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning.
Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy. But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the island rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbors and roadsteads of the Canary Island.
He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength, nor of his wife. He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach. They played likes young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy. He never dreamed about the boy. He simply woke, looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on. He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy. He was shivering with the morning cold. But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing.
(286 words)
兔和猫
住在我们后进院子里的三太太，在夏间买了一对白兔，是给伊的孩子们看的。
这一对白兔，似乎离娘并不久，虽然是异类，也可以看出他们的天真烂漫来。但也竖直了小小的通红的长耳朵，动着鼻子，眼睛里颇现些惊疑的神色，大约究竟觉得人地生疏，没有在老家时间的安心了。这种东西，倘到庙会日期自己去买，每个至多不过两吊钱，而三太太却花了一元，因为是叫小使上店买来的。
孩子们自然大得意了，嚷着围住了看；大人也围着看；还有一匹小狗名叫S 的也跑来，闯过去一嗅，打了个喷嚏，退了几步。三太太吆喝道，“S，听着，不准你咬他！”于是在他头上打了一掌，S便推开了，从此并不咬。
这一对兔总是关在后面的小院里的时候多，听说是因为太喜欢撕壁纸,也常常啃木器脚。这小院子里有一株野桑树，桑子落地，他们最爱吃，便连喂他们的菠菜也不吃了。乌鸦喜鹊想要下来时，他们便躬着身子用后脚在地上使劲的弹，“呼”地一声直跳上来，像飞起的一团雪，鸦鹊吓得赶紧跑，这样的几回，再也不敢近来了。三太太说，鸦鹊倒不打紧，至多也不过抢吃一点饲料，可恶的是一匹大黑猫，常在墙上恶狠狠地看着，这却要防的，幸而S和猫是对头，或者还不至于有什么吧。
（487字）
1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. 译文：今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。 2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission 译文：本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。 3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 译文：青春不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境。青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。 4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 译文：因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足，就变得更加严重了。 5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time. 译文：骗人一夕一事易，欺众一生一世难。 6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp. 译文：应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器，不使其沾染灰尘，不让他们受潮。 7. The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer．The more cigarettes smoked by the husband，the greater the threat faced by his non．smoking wife． 译文：这项研究表明，妻子不抽烟丈夫抽烟，妻子的肺癌的危险性比一般人大的多。丈夫抽的烟越多，妻子受到的威胁也就越大。 8. For the first time in the annals of space, a piloted ship had succeeded in launching an earth satellite. 译文：载人飞船成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星，这在航天史上尚属首次。 9. The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done again. 译文：家务事的第一个特点，是反反复复。几乎天天都有，而且做完之后，过一段时间又要重做一番。 10. With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二．翻译下列句子 （1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. （4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. （5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter. （6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. （7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. （8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.
A brief introduction of literal translation 10英师4班 郭菲 2012200992 摘要:本文主要探讨的是翻译方法中的直译。通过讨论直译的概念，特点以及如何正常地使用直译。直译是一个不错的选择，它保持了原文的形式，使原语言意思更直观、细腻，保留形式。但是直译并不是一字一字地翻译。有些句子不应该从字面上翻译。因为这些句子包含一些成语或不符合语言习惯。所以在翻译中能够直译就尽量直译。 关键词：直译意译逐字翻译源语言目标语言 Definition of literal translation Literal translation, as a notion at the heart of most translation controversies for many centuies,has been given different definitions.Defined by dictionary of translation studies, Literal translation id the direct transfer of a source language text(SLT) into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate target language text(TLT) (shuttleworth & cowie 2004;95) according to Barkhudarov(1969;10),a literal translation can be defined in linguistic terms as a translation “made on a level lower than is sufficient to convey the content unchanged while observing TL norms”. Catford put literal translation between word-for-word translation and free translation. In China, translators and scholars also have various interpretation of this translation approach. As an advocator of literal translation, Lu Xun definedit as:literal translation means faithfulness and expressivness. It must contain two aspects: 1) being easy to understand 2)retaining the manner of the SLT(Zhang Jin&Zhang Ning,2005;322) Xu Chongxin explained literal translation from the perspective of sentence structure. He regarded sentences as the basic units. For example, if the original text consists of one sentence only, the target text should should be one sentence as well. Profeeor Liu Zhongde defines literal translation in a relatively complete way,”in the pross of translation, literal translation treats sentences as basic units and meanwhile takes the whole passage into consideration; a translator who attaches great importance to literal translation does his or her best to reproduce the ideas and writing style of original work, retaining in the version as many rhetorical devices and sentence structures of the original as possible”(Tan Weiguo,2005;15) Considering all these scholars’ definitions together, I’d like to define literal translation in a few sentences. Literal translation, as the most common and most important translation approach, treats sentences as basic units and meanwhile takes the whole text into consideration. Literal translation preserves in the version both the original form and content,including sentence structures, rhetorical devices, writing style and the basic tone, as well as implicit and explicit meaning of the source language text. 1．Significance of literal translation Literal translation preserves the original intent of the text; it keeps the original use of language, syntax and diction. However, it can confuse the reader sometimes because there are differences between languages, and it would seem silly if everything is translated literally. Literal translation can also denote a translation that represents the precise meaning of the original text but does not attempt to convey its style, beauty, or poetry. Charles Singleton's translation of The Divine Comedy (1975) is regarded as a literal translation. That is to say, it is necessary for translators to study and master interference elements of
英汉笔译期末试题 考试科目：英汉笔译考试时间：90分钟 使用班级：英语1121/1121 考试形式：■闭卷□开卷 加PARTI TRANSLATIONMPROVEMEND%) Directions: There maybe one or more errors or inappropriate treatment in eac h of the following TRANSLATEVERSIONSPIease underline it (or them) andthe n correct it (or them) in the corresponding space provided on the ANSWERHEE T. (4 points for each save as specified otherwise) 1. His retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. 原译：他的反驳是带着强烈的醋意发出的。 改译：__________________________________________________ 。 2. Lincoln was a good speaker and student of political philosophy. 原译：林肯是一个杰出的演说家，又是一个政治哲学系的学生。 改译：__________________________________________________ 。 3. Thenewfather wore a proud smile. 原译：那位新父亲面带得意笑容。 改译：__________________________________________________ 。 4. A translator has to know everything of something and something of everything. 原译：翻译人员对一些事情要什么都懂，对什么事情都要懂得一些。 改译：__________________________________________________ 5. Being in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating. 原译：在公司里工作，即使是最好的公司，也会很快就让人厌倦和消耗精力。改译：。 PARTI SENTENCES TRANSLATION%)
《基础笔译》课程标准 一、基本信息 适用对象：商务英语专业、翻译专业制定时间：2011-05 课程代码： 040249 所属系部：工商外语系 学分：4.5 学时：60 制定人：谢盛良批准人： 二、课程的目标 1、专业能力目标： 1)熟练掌握英汉翻译的基本理论及相关知识等。 2)熟练掌握合格译员所必须具备的基本素质、职业准则等。 3)熟练掌握笔译的几种基本技巧和方法。 4)在正确理解英语原文的基础上，熟练而通顺地将英文翻译成汉语，忠实于原文，速度为 每小时250-300词。 5)熟练掌握数字、专有名词、成语熟语翻译的基本技巧和方法。 6)熟练掌握商务、科技等各类文体句子、段落、篇章的基本笔译技巧和方法，具备良好的 双语能力。 2、方法能力目标： 1)能正确识别笔译材料的体裁，运用相应的翻译策略和方法。 2)能掌握英汉两种语言及文化的基本差异，正确认识英汉语言的内容与结构逻辑次序的不 同，摆脱原文束缚，准确翻译。 3)善于参考利用各种词典、百科全书、网络等工具在翻译理论的正确指导下从事翻译活动。 4)具备广博的知识，能够自主学习，自觉关注译学理论发展的前沿和动态。 3、社会能力目标： 1)具备译员良好的思想素质、职业道德精神和文化修养。 2)具备译员敏锐的政治意识，强烈的责任感和爱国主义精神，和吃苦耐劳的精神。 3)通专结合的复合型人才。 三、整体教学设计思路
1、课程定位 《基础笔译》是一门理论与实践紧密结合，并以实践为主的技能性课程。是翻译专业或（商务）英语专业的重要课程，目标是培养学生的英汉笔译基本能力，初步胜任一般日常性笔译工作。它以《综合英语》、《英语语法》、《英语写作》《英汉表达技巧》《英语阅读》等课程的学习为基础，也是进一步关联学习《商务笔译》《科技翻译》《商务翻译资格证书》《商务翻译单证》等课程的基础，在专业课程体系中处于承前启后的重要位置。通过学习这些课程，学生具备较强的英语读写译等各种语言运用能力，熟悉商务、科技及外事翻译活动的各个环节和要求，掌握基本的笔译理论和方法，能给客户提供一般书面笔译服务。 本课程旨在系统地传授英汉笔译的基本理论和技巧，通过大量的课堂实践和学生的自主学习，通过有针对性的循序渐进的讲授和练习及各种文体翻译训练，使学生熟悉翻译理论的基本知识和翻译的基本技巧，熟悉英汉两种语言与文化的异同，熟练运用常用的翻译技巧，培养学生的学习能力和英汉翻译的实践能力，从而能在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活动中借助词典翻译有关英语业务资料，进行一般水平的书面翻译，胜任一般性的政治、经济、商务、文化、科技、应用文等笔译工作，并为进一步翻译学习做好准备，为毕业后从事商务涉外工作奠定基础。 2、课程开发思路 笔译是各类涉外书面交流活动中不可或缺的环节。笔译能力的培养是英语专业人才培养的目标之一。因此，《基础笔译》则是依据英语专业人才培养方案而设计的。其总体设计思路是围绕培养学生在实际应用中笔译方面的能力为中心，依托学校的翻译服务中心（可筹建），结合校企合作培养模式，重点培养学生的英汉书面翻译的基本技能，强化不同语境下不同语篇翻译策略的选择和运用能力，提高学生的实际笔译水平，突出高职院校工学结合的特点，以工作任务为中心组织课程内容，并让学生在完成具体项目的过程中学会完成相应工作任务，并构建相关理论知识，发展职业能力。 本课程内容突出对学生职业能力的训练，理论知识的选取紧紧围绕工作任务完成的需要来进行，同时又充分考虑了高等职业教育对理论知识学习的需要，并融合了翻译职业资格证书对知识、技能和态度的要求。项目设计以笔译过程基本技能训练为主线来进行。教学过程中，要通过校企合作，校内翻译实训基地建设等多种途径，进行生产实训，充分开发学习资源，给学生提供丰富的实践机会。教学效果评价采取过程评价与结果评价相结合的方式，通过理论与实践相结合，重点评价学生的职业能力。
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?
汉英翻译基础教程
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water
play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now
Conversion (Part I) II. Into Nouns 1. V→N 1) A government report targets earning from tourism at 200 million US dollars by 2007. 政府的一份报告提出一个目标：到2007年旅游业收入要达到2亿美元。 2) What impressed me most was his courage in the face of the death. 给我留下最深刻印象的是他面对死亡时所表现出的勇气。 3) He was blacklisted for striking his boss. 他因殴打上司而上了黑名单。 4) A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, sat into the car. 一位穿着讲究的人坐进汽车里，他的外表和言谈像是美国人。 5) The Greek word ―atom‖ means―cannot be cut‖. 希腊语“原子”一词的意思是“不可分割”。 6) Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water. 水银的比重约为水的十三倍。 7) The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball. 我们居住的地球，形状就像一个球。 8) The electric current is defined as a stream of electrons flowing through a conductor. 电流的定义是流经一个导体的电子流。 9) The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries. 贸易量有了很大的增加，给两国都带来了益处。 2. 受到……+n. 加以……+n. 1) His image as a good student was badly tarnished. 他作为一个好学生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。
No Giant Skyscrapers Chicago and New York are famous for their1 tall buildings2. California cannot be3. Its4 buildings have to be famous for their beauty or their historical importance5. California is earthquake country. The San Andreas Fault is a cause of earthquakes6. It7 is a long crack in the earth that stretches from Southern to Northern California. Rocks inside the earth8 move and the earth shakes. These earthquakes make the fault bigger9. The most famous earthquake in California happened in 1906. It10 destroyed most of the young city of San Francisco. People rebuilt the city11. They looked at the buildings that did not12 fall in the earthquake and they learned more about13 building in California. Tall buildings can be dangerous14 in earthquakes. Today California has codes that say15 how a building must be built and how tall it can be. Los Angeles has16 several earthquakes each year. The tall buildings move a little17 and everyone takes a deep breath18. Usually tourists and newcomers are the most frightened19. People who grew up20 in California say, “We're used to it21!” Earthquakes do not stop the building industry in California, but they do make architects work a little harder. The buildings they design have to look good and stand up in an earthquake22. These buildings are good examples of modern California architecture. The Nonaventure Hotel is a few city blocks from the old Mission church. The Century City Complex is near the Ocean. It stands on the site of the old Twentieth Century Fox movie studios. These buildings show that people are not afraid to build23 in California. (264 words) 苗族龙船节 苗族龙船节，与汉族的端午节不同。除时间不同外，一般不举行竞赛，主要活动是串寨子，走亲访友。清晨，龙船在江水中游动，所到之处，亲友们纷纷到岸边“接龙”。 龙船过寨，鸣放铁炮传告亲友，岸上以鞭炮声相呼应。亲友们上前，向船上的人各敬两杯米酒，并将礼品——鹅鸭、彩绸挂于龙头。如系女婿、姑舅等至亲，送上的礼物则是猪羊。 下午四时左右，龙船靠岸休息，水手们将糯米饭团和肉放置船帮上就餐，不用碗筷。岸上的妇女和小孩前来“讨路边饭”。传说，吃了龙船上的食品，能消灾免难，百事如愿。后来这就成为传统的风俗习惯。 岸上，还有苗家传统的赛马、斗牛、踩鼓等活动。姑娘们身着节日盛装应着木鼓鼓点翩翩起舞。飞歌往来，通宵达旦，青年男女得以相识，往往以后成为夫妻。（318字）
汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.
第一单元翻译概论 1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. 2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译 Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”. 例如：paper tiger—纸老虎 Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech. 例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟 It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱 3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ） 归化的例子： as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠 at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥 wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡 as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪 5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。” 6. 钱钟书：1964年在《林纾的翻译》一文中提到“文学翻译的最高理想可以说是“化”，把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入与“化境”。 7 But I hated Sakamoto, and I had a feeling he’d surely lead us both to our ancestors. 但是我恨坂田，并预感到他肯定会领着咱们去见祖先。 8 Don’t cross the br idge till you get to it. 不必担心太早。（不必自寻烦恼） 9 Do you see any green in my eyes? 你以为我是好欺骗的吗？ 10 Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door. 鲁斯一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。 第二单元英汉对比 1汉语和英语的对比研究，始于100年多前《马氏文通》，这是我国第一部汉语语法书，是在比较和模仿拉丁文法的基础上写成的。 2中国传统哲学主张“天人合一”、“万物与我为一”，反映在语言上就是施事主体可以蕴含在行为事件的主观表现中。 3因此在句子构造中，汉语并不把主语看成必要的成分。正如王力所说：“就句子结构而论，西洋
英语翻译基础教程 总主编：冯庆华主编：冯庆华陈科芳 1 “意思”的译法 甲：这是一点小意思，请务必收下。 乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套。甲：哎，只是意思意思，乙：啊，真是不好意思。 译文：A：This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation .Please do take it . B：Oh， aren't you a bit too polite ? you should not do that . A: Well ,it just conveys my gratitude. B: Ah, thank you then ,though i really do not deserve it . 2 “说” （1）阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！《阿Q正传》 译文：Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground ,spat ,and swore ,“hairy worm!” (2) “三个臭皮匠，合成个诸葛亮”，这就是说，群众有伟大的创造力。《毛泽东选集》 文: The old saying ,"three cobblers with their wits combined would equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind ,"simple means the masses have great creative power. （3）：也不知安居乐业，最早见于什么典籍，四个字一针见血的点名了生活中的一个因果关系。译文：I can not say in what canon the words "secure in one's home and happy in one's work" first appeared ,but that expression cuts to the core of a primary determinant in human life. 3 你们偶然看见一颗花生瑟缩的长在地上，不能立刻分辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触到它时你才能知道。 译文1:When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground ,you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears ant nuts until you touch them . 译文2：When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground ,you can never tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you dig it up. 4金杯牌充气床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造型美观，款式繁多，舒适大方，携带方便。译文：The 'Gold cup' Brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology .with novel，structure, beautiful shape and various patterns ,they are comfortable and convenient to carry. 5 人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房。 译文：when anyone among the people breaks the law ,he too should be punished ,imprisoned.. 6只有充分发展商品经济，才能把经济真正搞活，使各企业增加效率。译文：the development of a commodity economy is the only way to invigorate our economy and promp t enterprise to raise their efficiency . 7 我的姐姐又因为我不爱整洁而向我唠叨地劝戒了。 译文：my sister has been preaching at me again about my lack of neatness. 8我国人民在中国共产党第十五次全国代表大会的精神鼓舞下，正沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义道路，满怀信心，昂首阔步地迈向二十一世纪。 Inspired by the spirit of 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China , the people of C hina are advancing confidently towards the 21st century along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics . 9本公司生产的地毯美丽大方、光彩夺目，富丽堂皇。 The carpets made in our company are beautiful and magnificent . 10我们进行了长期不懈的努力。 We have made unremitting efforts for it .