英汉笔译期末“短句翻译”复习提纲

笔译期末复习资料Unit 4 conversion转换法1.I have no intension of wearying you with this matter. 2.It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal. 3.The The two two two leaders leaders leaders had had had a a a serious serious serious and and and frank frank frank exchange exchange exchange of of of views views views on on on Sino-U.S. Sino-U.S. relations and world affairs. 4.The basilica is a conglomeration of contrary styles and periods. 5.In In the the the exchange exchange exchange of of of cultures cultures cultures throughout throughout throughout the the the world, world, world, the the the study study study of of of foreign foreign languages is a must. 6.The thought of him always fills me with strength. (adverbial clause of time) 7.Urgent business prevented me from calling on you. 8.A day’s exploration convinced him that this was not the spot.9.A wet day brings out colorful light mackintoshes. Unit 5 addition增补法1.It is a part, and a very important part, of the air defense of our country. 2.Since gaining our independence, we have made every effort to overcome the servitude of our past. 3.The frequency, wavelength, and speed of sound are closely related. 4.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemical effects. 5. This This report report report summed summed summed up up up the the the new new new achievements achievements achievements made made made in in in electron electron electron tubes, tubes, semiconductors and components. 6. The spirit of peaceful coexistence must embody the idea that states cannot be left to struggle on single-handed. 7. Theory is something, but practice is everything. 8. The whole square was alive with singing and rejoicing. 9. He has in his vision the totality of every world problem, political, economic, human human……10. I t’s a bit fishy that she should have given away a villa like that.Unit 6 Omission省略法 1. Water passes from a liquid to solid state when it freezes. 2. You should keep calm even when you are in danger. 3. She covered her face with her hands as if to protect her eyes. 4. Turning on his face, he rested his chin on his hands. 5. Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill. 6. Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled. 7. As she turned the corner she had a new idea which made her stop dead. 8. It is ten to one that we will over-fulfil our production quota. 9. From 4℃ on down, water will decreasein density and increase in volume as it gets colder. 10. T here are a number of peculiarities about the surface features of the earth. 11. H e went out and shut the door gently behind him. unit 7 repetition 重复法2. 2. The The The use use use of of of atomic atomic atomic weapons weapons weapons is is is a a a clear clear clear violation violation violation of of of international international international law, law, in particular of the Geneva Convention; 3. Aerostatics is the study of how an object is supported in the air by buoyancy, that is, its ability to float in the air as a boat floats on water. 1. Despite his versatility of talent and shiftiness of purpose, this man has in his whole lifetime been wedded to the most fossilized routine. ; 2. 2. The The The solid solid solid friendship friendship friendship between between between our our our two two two countries countries countries took took took shape shape shape during during during our our protected struggles against colonialism, hegemonism, and outmoded relationships. 5. 5. Reading Reading Reading exerci exerci exercises ses ses one’s one’s one’s eyes; eyes; eyes; speaking, speaking, speaking, one’s one’s one’s tongue; tongue; tongue; while while while writing, writing, writing, one’s one’s mind.; 6. 6. Thales Thales Thales thought thought thought water water water was was was the the the beginning beginning beginning of of of everything; everything; everything; Anaximenes, Anaximenes, Anaximenes, air; air; Heraclitus, fire. 1. Radar is a newly developed technique by which people can see things beyond the visibility of them. ; 3. 3. W e W e have have have advocated advocated advocated the the the principle principle principle of of of peaceful peaceful peaceful co-existence, co-existence, co-existence, which which which is is is now now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 19. He walked down the line shaking hands with each other and mumbling a few words that were inaudible.; 21. Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look. unit 8 Inversion 倒置法12. S he had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.; 13. S he was an intelligent, attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor in Haddington. 14. T hen one can see the oval face of a handsome young woman with deep darkeyes and l ong long heavy clinging tresses.  tresses. 15. B ernard Shaw was a well-known English playwright, who wrote many plays .; 16. A ir is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent by volume.17. J ohn, who was sick yesterday , did not come to class.; 18. I n n a a a dispute dispute dispute between between between two two two states states with which one is friendly , , try try try not not not to to to get get involved.; 19. W e e maintain that no peace situation is permanent maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take into account the legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any country.20. S he was s o so worried that she could hardly eat her supper.; 21. N ow that I think of it , we were wrong in turning down her proposal. unit 9 Negation 反译法22. S he did not l eave the letter here on purpose for you to read.; leave the letter here on purpose for you to read.; 23. Y ou cannot politely turn down the invitation to the conference. 24. U nder no circumstances would we give up our principles.  would we give up our principles. 25. H e was grown into quite another creature from what he was.; 26. O ur work is still a long way from perfection.; perfection.; 27. I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man. 28. A ll of the atoms of an element do not have exactly the same mass.; 29. E verything is not good, but equally everything is not bad. 30. I t is not to be denied that no sacrifice is too great to avert a catastrophe. to avert a catastrophe. 31. W hen I think of all the waste, words fail me. unit 10 Division拆译法 1. They relentlessly tear at the flowers they see. 2. I shall be glad of your company on the journey. 3. 3. The The The time time time could could could have have have been been been more more more profitably profitably profitably spent spent spent in in in making making making a a a detailed detailed investigation. (= if the time had been spent in making a detailed investigation, it could have been more profitable.) 4. They tried vainly to blame us for the break down in the truce talks. 5. Any comment on it should appropriately come from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 6. 6. Statistically Statistically Statistically significant significant significant correlation correlation correlation exists exists exists between between between vitamin vitamin vitamin deficiency deficiency deficiency and and disease. 7. 7. His His His article article article is is is a a a well-written well-written well-written composition composition composition with with with good good good organization organization organization and and and fine fine style. 8. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours. 9. The difficulty of attainment increases the value of the object. 10. 10. Electronic Electronic Electronic computers, computers, computers, which which which have have have many many many advantages, advantages, advantages, cannot cannot cannot do do do creative creative work and replace man. 11. Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts, moulds and bacteria. 12. There is an emergency exit in the roof of the car through which passengers can escape. unit 11 Condensation 缩译法1. 1. When When When we we we praise praise praise the the the Chinese Chinese Chinese leadership leadership leadership and and and the the the people, people, people, we we we are are are not not not merely merely being polite. 2. Before the night was far advanced, they began to move against the enemy. 3. The chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow. 4. 4. The The The imitation, imitation, imitation, or or or make-believe, make-believe, make-believe, of of of life life life which which which poetry poetry poetry offers offers offers constitutes constitutes constitutes an an ordered whole. 5. One “Take this” is better than two “I’ll give you”.unit 12 Translation of Passive Voice 被动式译法1. Gases are frequently regarded as compressible, liquids as incompressible. 2. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. unit 13 Translation of Long Sentences 长句译法1. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a a greatly greatly greatly accelerated accelerated accelerated program program program for for for scien fic scien fic scien fic and and and technological technological technological co-opera on, co-opera on, aimed at wide-spread dissemina on of technology for mee ng the basic needs of man, such as nutri on, shelter, communica ons, health and sanita on. 2. The tendency of a body to continue in motion is clear to one who observes that that an an an automobile automobile automobile or or or a a a train train train moves moves moves for for for some some some distance distance distance even even even when when when brakes brakes brakes are are used to check this motion. 3. 3. There There There is is is no no no more more more difference, difference, difference, but but but there there there is is is just just just the the the same same same kind kind kind of of of difference, difference, between between the the the mental mental mental operations operations operations of of of a a a man man man of of of science science science and and and those those those of of of an an an ordinary ordinary person as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher who who weighs weighs weighs out out out his his his goods goods goods in in in common common common scales scales scales and and and the the the operations operations operations of of of a a a chemist chemist who who performs performs performs a a a difficult difficult difficult and and and complex complex complex analysis analysis analysis by by by means means means of of of his his his balance balance balance and and finely graduated weights. 。

英汉翻译要点归纳一、翻译步骤1.断句：在标点符号、连词、关系词、介词、不定式符号to、分词处断句，找出句子主干On the whole, /（标点符号处）such a conclusion can be drawn /with（介词处） a certain degree of confidence, /but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude /towards the test /as the others /with whom（关系词处） he is being compared, /and（连词处） only if he was not punished/ by lack of relevant information/ which they possessed.2.翻译：根据断句断开翻译并适当调整语序*语序问题：①中文为主语+废话+主要内容英文为主语+主要内容+废话or废话（多为状语）+主语+主要内容中国作为一个发展中的大国高度重视中美两国之间的友谊。

As a major developing country,（状语先译） China attaches great importance to the bilateral relations between China and the U.S（废话后译）.②总分关系：中文先分后总，英文先总后分③事实与评论：中文先事实后评论，英文先评论后事实我们要努力学习英语，这是很重要的。

It is very important（先评论） for us to make efforts to study English.●比较级属于评论性词，最后译3.重读：看是否符合中文习惯二、两个规律1.谓语动词过渡：只译主要动词（强势动词，有感情色彩），不译次要动词（弱势动词，无感情色彩）I give you my support.我支持你（give弱势动词，不用翻译）2.抽象名词译法：【抽象名词：the+n.+of结构中名次通常为抽象名词，且常以“-tion,-sion,-ment,-ing”形式出现】译法：A.有动词词根：译为动词The suggestion of mine is that 我建议……B.无动词词根：进行增词the spirit of our nation我们民族所具有的精神C.AB互换（“偏正互换”译法）在英译汉中偏正→正偏treasury of silt宝贵的泥沙 European’s today当今的欧洲人三、中英文两个差异1.长短差异：中文善用短句，用标点隔开；英文善用长句，不用标点→在进行英译汉时要进行断句翻译2.动静差异：中文是动态性语言，善用动词副词，善用强势动词；英文是静态性语言，善用名词，善用弱势动词→在汉译英中常把ad.转化为v.，把v.转化为n.在经济上，我们要加快（副词）建立（动词）社会主义市场经济体制。

英汉笔译翻译知识点总结一、翻译基本原则1.忠实原文：译员要尽量准确而精确地传达原文的信息，忠实于原文作者的意图和表达方式；2.流畅通顺：译文的语言应该通顺自然,符合英语或汉语的语法规则和语言习惯；3.意译和直译：在保证忠实原文的基础上，根据两种语言的语言特点和表达习惯进行适当的意译，尤其是对于一些文化、习俗和历史上的隐喻或难以直译的内容；4.语言风格：要根据原文的语言风格和语体特征来选择相应的汉语或英语表达方式,确保译文贴近原文的语言特点；5.语言规范：在翻译过程中要注意遵守语言规范,不使用或尽量避免使用一些不规范或过时的词语和表达方式。

6.专业术语：对于某些特定行业或领域的专业术语,译员需要具备相应领域的专业知识和翻译经验,确保专业术语的准确使用。

二、语言对等1.词义对应：在翻译过程中,需要根据上下文和语境来选择合适的词语或短语,确保译文能够准确传达原文的意思,同时考虑到词语在语言文化中的习惯用法,避免歧义或误解；2.句式结构：要注意保持译文的语法结构和句式特点,尽量做到与原文相对应,并保持句子的逻辑关系和信息传递的连贯性；3.逻辑衔接：译文在表达所传达的信息时,要考虑到原文的表述方式和逻辑关系,保持原文的表达方式,确保译文的逻辑衔接和信息传达的清晰度。

三、文化因素1.习俗和习惯：在翻译过程中要考虑到不同文化背景下的习俗和习惯,尤其是涉及到生活方式、风俗习惯或宗教信仰等方面的内容,需要进行适当的意译或文化调整；2.历史背景：有些原文中的词语或表达方式可能涉及到特定的历史事件或文化背景,译员需要了解相关的历史知识和文化背景,确保译文的准确性和可理解性；3.惯用语和成语：在翻译过程中要注意汉语和英语的惯用语和成语的差异,避免直译误解,尽量使用相近义的惯用语和成语,确保译文的自然流畅。

四、修辞手法1.隐喻和比喻：在翻译中,对于原文中的隐喻和比喻,译员需要根据上下文和语境进行合适的意译,确保译文能够传达原文作者的表达意图和情感色彩；2.排比和对仗：在翻译文学作品时,需要注意原文中的排比和对仗等修辞手法,选择相应的汉语或英语表达方式,保持原文的格调和艺术效果；3.修辞疑问：译员需要充分理解原文的修辞手法和表达方式,并在译文中保留相应的修辞特色,确保译文的艺术性和表现力。

翻译题复习提纲1.与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验，从中我们能学到许多东西。

（communicate with）(Unit 1, Page 12,下同)Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. (or: Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience, and from it we can learn a lot.)2.如今，越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们所需要的信息。

（have access to）Today/Nowadays, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need.3.他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子，但是她觉得这个要求太过分了。

（give up）He wants her to give up working and stay (at) home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her.4.酒吧的老板一直在看那个姑娘跳舞，一面却假装没有看。

（Use “while+V-ing”structure）(Unit 2, Page 38，下同)The owner of the bar kept watching the girl dancing while pretending not to.5.桑迪如此喜欢摇滚音乐以至不顾父亲的反对而将音量放大。

（appeal to）Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned it up, paying no attention to father’s objection.6.像往常一样，当他的父母不喜欢他的穿着时，便开始唠叨他。

1. 鱼，我所欲也，熊掌，亦我所欲也；二者不可得兼，舍鱼而去熊掌者也。

As delicacies, both fish and bear’s paws are what I want. But if I were forced to choose between them, I would prefer the latter to the former(But if I had only one alternative…)2. （…黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。

）见渔人，乃大惊；问所从来，具答之。

(The villagers, both old and young, looked happy and pleased with themselves.)Upon seeing the fisherman, they were startled, asking from where he came, and he answered their question patiently.3. 抚军亦厚赉成。

不岁数，田百顷，楼阁万椽，牛羊各千计。

As a compensation for his loss of son. Fujun(the military officer)bestowed him a big favor by giving him a lot of money. A few years later he became a man of property, owning hundreds of hectares of farmland, numerous spacious houses, and a large flock of sheep and cattle.4. 项王泣数行下，左右皆泣，莫能仰视。

Xiang, the military lord, wept his loss of the battle, with tears running down on his face. His attendant generals and soldiers, lowering their heads, just followed suit.5. 子以我为不信，吾为子先行，子随我后，观百兽之见我而敢不走乎？If you don’t believe me, I will show you my prowess. Please you walk after me, and you’ll see all the beasts be scared away by my presence.6. 明日，徐公来，熟视之，自以为不如;窥镜而自视，又弗如远甚。

1. 直译法(1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如:竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)2) 打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌to be as easy a s turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log)4) 玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease)5)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye)6)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow (相当于cast pearls before swine)7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于keep a still tongue in one’s head)8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile)9) 画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于paint the lily)(2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如:1) 声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted2. 意译法如：手忙脚乱in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象，却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。

笔译期末复习资料Unit 4 conversion转换法1.I have no intension of wearying you with this matter.2.It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.3.The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on Sino-U.S.relations and world affairs.4.The basilica is a conglomeration of contrary styles and periods.5.In the exchange of cultures throughout the world, the study of foreignlanguages is a must.6.The thought of him always fills me with strength. (adverbial clause of time)7.Urgent business prevented me from calling on you.8.A day’s exploration convinced him that this was not the spot.9.A wet day brings out colorful light mackintoshes.Unit 5 addition 增补法1.It is a part, and a very important part, of the air defense of our country.2.Since gaining our independence, we have made every effort to overcome theservitude of our past.3.The frequency, wavelength, and speed of sound are closely related.4.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemicaleffects.5.This report summed up the new achievements made in electron tubes,semiconductors and components.6.The spirit of peaceful coexistence must embody the idea that states cannot beleft to struggle on single-handed.7.Theory is something, but practice is everything.8.The whole square was alive with singing and rejoicing.9.He has in his vision the totality of every world problem, political, economic,human…10.I t’s a bit fishy that sh e should have given away a villa like that.Unit 6 Omission 省略法1.Water passes from a liquid to solid state when it freezes.2.You should keep calm even when you are in danger.3.She covered her face with her hands as if to protect her eyes.4.Turning on his face, he rested his chin on his hands.5.Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill.6.Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.7.As she turned the corner she had a new idea which made her stop dead.8.It is ten to one that we will over-fulfil our production quota.9.From 4℃on down, water will decrease in density and increase in volume asit gets colder.10.T here are a number of peculiarities about the surface features of the earth.11.H e went out and shut the door gently behind him.unit 7 repetition 重复法2. The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law, in particular of the Geneva Convention;3. Aerostatics is the study of how an object is supported in the air by buoyancy, that is, its ability to float in the air as a boat floats on water.1. Despite his versatility of talent and shiftiness of purpose, this man has in his whole lifetime been wedded to the most fossilized routine. ;2. The solid friendship between our two countries took shape during our protected struggles against colonialism, hegemonism, and outmoded relationships.5. Reading exercises one’s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind.;6. Thales thought water was the beginning of everything; Anaximenes, air; Heraclitus, fire.1. Radar is a newly developed technique by which people can see things beyond the visibility of them. ;3. We have advocated the principle of peaceful co-existence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.19. He walked down the line shaking hands with each other and mumbling a few words that were inaudible.;21. Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look.unit 8 Inversion 倒置法12.S he had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.;13.S he was an intelligent, attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of awell-to-do doctor in Haddington.14.T hen one can see the oval face of a handsome young woman with deep darkeyes and long heavy clinging tresses.15.B ernard Shaw was a well-known English playwright, who wrote many plays.;16.A ir is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent by volume.17.J ohn, who was sick yesterday, did not come to class.;18.I n a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to getinvolved.;19.W e maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take intoaccount the legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any country.20.S he was so worried that she could hardly eat her supper.;21.N ow that I think of it, we were wrong in turning down her proposal.unit 9 Negation 反译法22.S he did not leave the letter here on purpose for you to read.;23.Y ou cannot politely turn down the invitation to the conference.24.U nder no circumstances would we give up our principles.25.H e was grown into quite another creature from what he was.;26.O ur work is still a long way from perfection.;27.I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man.28.A ll of the atoms of an element do not have exactly the same mass.;29.E verything is not good, but equally everything is not bad.30.I t is not to be denied that no sacrifice is too great to avert a catastrophe.31.W hen I think of all the waste, words fail me.unit 10 Division 拆译法1. They relentlessly tear at the flowers they see.2. I shall be glad of your company on the journey.3. The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation. (= if the time had been spent in making a detailed investigation, it could have been more profitable.)4. They tried vainly to blame us for the break down in the truce talks.5. Any comment on it should appropriately come from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.6. Statistically significant correlation exists between vitamin deficiency and disease.7. His article is a well-written composition with good organization and fine style.8. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours.9. The difficulty of attainment increases the value of the object.10. Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot do creative work and replace man.11. Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts, moulds and bacteria.12. There is an emergency exit in the roof of the car through which passengers can escape.unit 11 Condensation 缩译法1. When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.2. Before the night was far advanced, they began to move against the enemy.3. The chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow.4. The imitation, or make-believe, of life which poetry offers constitutes an ordered whole.5. One “Take this” is better than two “I’ll give you”.unit 12 Translation of Passive Voice 被动式译法1. Gases are frequently regarded as compressible, liquids as incompressible.2. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes.unit 13 Translation of Long Sentences 长句译法1. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should seea greatly accelerated program for scientific and technological co-operation, aimed at wide-spread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation.2. The tendency of a body to continue in motion is clear to one who observes that an automobile or a train moves for some distance even when brakes are used to check this motion.3. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher who weighs out his goods in common scales and the operations of a chemist who performs a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights.。

英汉对比与翻译概论期末复习指南Cha. 1一、汉语的注音⏹汉语是象形文字，不具有表音的作用。

⏹历史上曾有过多种为汉字注音的尝试，如：❑直音：午，音五。

❑反切：力，了一切。

∴王力→王了一❑注音字母(1918)：ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌ(bpmfdtnl)❑Wade-Giles (威妥玛–翟理斯式拼音法,简称威氏拼音法, 1867/1912): Mao Tse-tung, Chou Enlai❑汉语拼音(1958/1978)：Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai❑2009年初台湾宣布采用汉语拼音二、英语的注音⏹国际音标⏹KK音标⏹韦氏音标Cha. 2一、音译⏹音译法⏹是用一种语言文字写出或读出另一种语言的词或词组的发音而引入吸收新词的一种主要方法。

❑音译法常用来翻译专有名词(人名、地名)，但有些外来商品的商标，部分书名、电影、电视剧、戏剧名，科技发明创造，以及某些新生事物所产生的新词语也采用音译法。

❑音译往往是不得已而为之，音译过来的东西往往无法从字面上看出其内涵，有时译文会使读者产生文化隔膜，导致理解上的困难。

⏹全音译：⏹指全部按照英语单词的发音来选择汉字表达的翻译方法。

❑这种译法很有异国情调，给人以新鲜感，时髦感，体现时代精神，紧跟时代潮流。

⏹analgin 安乃近⏹Bisquit 百事吉⏹copy 拷贝⏹Delicious 得利斯⏹Fiyta 飞亚达⏹Kodak 柯达⏹Ford 福特⏹Lactov 乐口福⏹Lucky 乐凯⏹Paloma 百乐满⏹party 派对⏹Polaroid 宝利莱⏹salad 色拉⏹shampoo 香波⏹toast 吐司⏹部分音译部分意译：⏹指在英语名词音译前或后再加上说明性文字，让人们知道该名称的性质是什么。

❑但随着该词的流行和接受程度，意译部分逐渐淘汰，弃而不用。

⏹B owling 保龄球⏹Cookies 曲奇饼⏹Clean & Clear 可伶可俐洗面奶⏹Disco 迪斯科舞⏹Jacket 夹克衫⏹Golf 高尔夫球⏹Good 古德面包⏹Head & Shoulders 海飞丝洗发露⏹Jeep 吉普车⏹More 摩尔香烟⏹Pizza 比萨饼⏹Safeguard 舒肤佳香皂⏹Sardine 沙丁鱼罐头⏹Toffee 太妃糖⏹Top 脱普洗头膏⏹Sony 索尼电器⏹Waltz 华尔兹舞⏹约定俗成的译名不应重新改译，最好尽量保留原译名。

When Greek meets Greek, and than comes the tug of war [两强相遇，其斗必烈]All that glitters is not gold [闪光的并非都是金子]Constant dropping wears the stone [水滴石穿]To fish in troubled waters [浑水摸鱼]To strike while the iron is hot [趁热打铁]To sit on pins and needles [如坐针毡]As poor as the church mouse [一贫如洗]The Heel of Achilles [致命弱点；薄弱环节]Every family has one skeleton in the cupboard [家丑不可外扬]The last straw on the camel's back [骆驼背上的最后一根稻草——最后一击]Trojan horse [奸细；特洛伊木马计]Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion [宁为鸡头勿为牛尾]To meet one's Waterloo [一败涂地]The Salt of the Earth [社会精英；优秀分子]Misfortunes never come alone [祸不单行]Great minds think alike [英雄所见略同]Look before you leap [三思而后行]Kill the goose that lays the golden egg [杀鸡取卵]Diamonds cut Diamonds [棋逢对手，将遇良才]The apple of one's eye [掌上明珠]Last night, I heard him driving pigs to market[鼾声如雷].Early Reagan was a mirror image[毫无二致] of early Carter.If Main Street didn't understand this, Wall Street[华尔街那些大老板们] did.He was a dead shot[输惨了]. However, he met his waterloo[遭遇滑铁卢] this time.He had never expected that so many obstacles [拦路虎]would stand on his way to success.He is the type who's everybody's friend[老好人]. That's why I can't take anything he says serious. To break the ice[为了打破沉默], Ted spoke his interest in mountain climbing, and they soon had a conversation going."Y ou really do refuse to give until all hope is gone[不到黄河心不死]", she murmured, shaking her head helplessly.She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth[生长在富贵之家]; she thinks she can do what she likes.This is a dangerous and violent city. In some parts of it, the only law is the law of the jungle[弱肉强食].I talked to him with brutal frankness.我对他讲的话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。

笔译复习资料笔译复习资料笔译是一门独特而重要的语言技能，它涉及将一种语言转化为另一种语言的过程。

对于想要从事笔译工作的人来说，复习是必不可少的一部分。

在这篇文章中，我将分享一些笔译复习资料的相关内容，帮助读者更好地准备笔译考试或提升自己的笔译能力。

一、语言知识的复习语言知识是笔译的基础，它包括词汇、语法、句法等方面。

在复习语言知识时，可以从以下几个方面入手：1. 词汇复习：扩大词汇量是非常重要的。

可以通过背单词、阅读、听力等方式来积累词汇。

同时，还要了解不同词汇在不同语境中的意义和用法。

2. 语法复习：语法是语言的骨架，它决定了句子的结构和表达方式。

复习语法可以通过学习语法规则、做语法练习、阅读语法书籍等方式进行。

3. 句法复习：句法是语言中句子的结构和组织方式。

了解不同语言的句法结构有助于理解和翻译句子。

可以通过分析句子结构、比较不同语言的句法差异等方式进行句法复习。

二、背景知识的复习背景知识是指与笔译内容相关的专业知识。

在进行笔译时，了解背景知识可以帮助理解原文，并准确地传达信息。

背景知识的复习可以从以下几个方面进行：1. 行业知识：根据自己的兴趣和需求，选择一两个行业进行深入了解。

可以通过阅读相关书籍、行业报告、新闻等方式来学习行业知识。

2. 文化知识：不同文化之间存在着差异，了解不同文化的习俗、价值观、历史等有助于更好地理解原文，并进行准确的翻译。

可以通过阅读相关书籍、观看纪录片、与母语人士交流等方式来学习文化知识。

3. 专业知识：如果要从事特定领域的笔译工作，了解该领域的专业知识是必要的。

可以通过阅读专业书籍、参加相关培训、与专业人士交流等方式来学习专业知识。

三、翻译技巧的复习翻译技巧是指在进行笔译时使用的一些技巧和方法。

复习翻译技巧可以帮助提高翻译质量和效率。

以下是一些常用的翻译技巧：1. 理解原文：在进行翻译之前，先要仔细阅读和理解原文。

了解原文的意思、结构和语言特点是进行准确翻译的基础。

1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.译文：今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。

2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission译文：本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。

3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life.译文：青春不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境。

青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。

4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.译文：因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。

这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足，就变得更加严重了。

5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.译文：骗人一夕一事易，欺众一生一世难。

6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp.译文：应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器，不使其沾染灰尘，不让他们受潮。

《汉英翻译》复习提纲Chapter oneas close／dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶cast／lay／have an anchor to windward 未雨绸缪范进迎了出去，只见那张乡绅下了轿进来，头带纱帽，……Fan Chin went out to welcome the visitor, who was one of local gentry, and Mr.Chang alighted from the chair and came in. He was we aring an official’s gauze cap…（乌）纱帽an official’s gauze capblue jokes下流的玩笑blue talk下流的言论This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.我再也无法忍受了。

我当时很年轻，我要在一个女人手下工作，这对我简直是最大的侮辱。

Chapter two军事集团a military bloc反党集团anti-Party clique保税区bonded area消息灵通人士Informative sources or well-informed source持审慎态度With guarded reserve经济全球化economic globalization两岸关系the relationship between the two sidesthe relationship between the two sides of the Taiwan Straitrelations across the Taiwan Strait三个代表Three Represents／the Three R Principles科学发展观the scientific outlook on development中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics 一国两制one country，two systems三资企业three kinds of foreign invested enterprises保税区bonded area海选mass election审美疲劳aesthetic fatigue跳槽job-hop暗箱操作manipulation behind the scene白色收入1egal income灰色收入grey income神舟五号Shenzhou No．5亚健康subhealth排行榜best seller list电子邮件electronic mail草根组织grass-root organization多媒体multimedia按揭贷款mortgage loan短信陷阱令你防不胜防Traps of Short Messages：Hard to Guard Against东北生态岌岌可危The Ecological Crisis in Northeast China夫妻联手解开新的基因奥秘Husband and wife team unlocks new gene secrets妇女正在成为家庭装修能手Women are become experts at home repairs.房屋起火五死四伤Five killed and four hurt in a house fire.严禁非法金融活动，维护经济秩序稳定State eliminates illegal banking挽留北京旧城墙Beijing to fix ancient city wall施罗德将出访美国Shroeder to visit US forging ties with the new Bush举世瞩目的中国农业Chinese Agriculture Attracting Worldwide Attention农民可放心的几件事The Things That Farmers Needn’t Worry About江泽民在贵州、广西考察扶贫开发工作强调扶贫攻坚战必须打好，务求全胜Jiang: Abolish rural poverty美国不要做干涉他国内政的事情US told to stop its ‘interfering’青海湖二百年内将成为盐湖Qinghai Lake to Become Salty Within 200 Years我国承担的人类基因组“天书”接近完成China to complete draft of 1% Human Genome上千律师义务帮助二战中国劳工打官司Lawyers to help forced laborers无可奉告No comments即将取得进展On the brink of breathrough援引...的话说Be quoted as saying (cited as saying)两栖明星a bi-media star大龄青年：single youth above the normal matrimonial age豆腐渣丁程：bean-curd projects（so named because they are too poor in quality to last out）三角债：chain debts; debt chains单亲家庭single-parent family防病毒软件anti-virus software免提电话hand-free phone生态宜居城市eco-friendly city无人售票车conductor-less bus无烟城市smoke-free city外向型经济export-oriented economy工薪族wage-earners打工族job-seekers; migrant worker刷卡族card-users追星族star-chasers国家发改委副主任张平说跨越式发展是一大亮点。

翻译考试第二学期复习要点说明（201712）I. 短语翻译（1*20=20 points）英译汉II. 句子翻译（3*15=45 points）：英汉互译III. 改错题(2* 5=10 points)：句子翻译，提供的译文有一处明显错误，需要根据所讲翻译知识和技巧进行改正。

IV. 段落翻译(25 points)：汉译英考试时间：90分钟复习范围：讲义PPT题型一：phrase translation (20%) （抽取20题）1. a small potato2.potato head3.the clean potato4.hot potato5.quite the potato6.couch potato7.potatoes and point8.green belt9.green fingers10.green lungs of the city11.green winter12.green revolution13.greencar14.greenfood15.green hand16.as timid as a rabbit17.as hoarse as a crow18.as mute as a fish19.as strong as a horse20.drink like a fish21.be a guest of the law22.walk the last mile23.die in a necktie24.as poor as a church mouse25.as cool as a cucumber26.as tight as a drum27.as sharp as a needle28.as sure as a gun29.wild goose30.kettle holder31.rose leavesnd bridge33.successful marriage34.amateur opera-singer35.out of blue36.once in a blue(moon)37.drink till all is blue38.make sheep's eyes at someone39.talk horse40.within a stone's throw题型二：Sentence translation (45%) （抽取15题）1.She is a second Lei Feng.2.I’ll love you three score a nd ten.3.Do you hear that Mary has swallowed a watermelon seed?4. A good conscience is a soft pillow.5."You chicken!" he cried, looking at Tom with contempt.6.It is often the young, less experienced people who get left to do the donkey workwhile those with more experience do more interesting things.7.The train snailed up the steep grade.8.You can talk the hind legs off a donkey, but you cannot change wrong into right .9.My old servant never left me, he was as faithful as a dog.10.We need not take the bear by the tooth.11.I haven't seen you for donkey's years.12.I am not sure whether I can win the honor; it's a bird in the bush.13.I am very glad that the newcomer knows his onions.14.If you lie upon roses when young, you lie upon thorns when old.15.What one loses on the swings one gets back at the roundabout.16.这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。

笔译期末复习资料Unit 4 conversion转换法1.I have no intension of wearying you with this matter。

2.It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.3.The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on Sino-U.S。

relations and world affairs.4.The basilica is a conglomeration of contrary styles and periods。

5.In the exchange of cultures throughout the world, the study of foreignlanguages is a must。

6.The thought of him always fills me with strength。

(adverbial clause of time)7.Urgent business prevented me from calling on you.8.A day’s exploration convinced him that this was not the spot。

9.A wet day brings out colorful light mackintoshes.Unit5 addition 增补法1.It is a part, and a very important part, of the air defense of our country.2.Since gaining our independence, we have made every effort to overcome theservitude of our past。

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——大陆贵妇团团长彭磊英汉翻译教程复习资料题型如下：1.填空题；【10*2】【考试范围1-3章】2.单项选择；【5*2】【主要第四章】3.句子翻译；【10*3】【第四章】4.段落翻译。

【2*20】【听天由命】填空选择重点归纳第一章*我国翻译史简介：1.我国翻译史大概有两千年的的历史，最早在西汉时期。

2.佛经的翻译起源于东汉。

3.秦朝之前翻译只是民间私人事业。

4.佛经翻译的主要考点和关键字：道安，鸠摩罗什，直译，改变了以往音译的缺陷，代表作【法华经】。

5.从隋朝到唐代，我国翻译史高度发达时期。

6.我国佛教三大翻译家：玄奘，鸠摩罗什，真谛。

7.玄奘的翻译理论：“即须求真，又须喻俗。

”8.北宋时期翻译事业逐渐衰微。

（可以不用管）9.明代到清代出现了徐光启，林纾，严复等介绍西欧各国科学，文学，哲学的翻译家。

10.严复的翻译标准：信达雅。

（具有一定的局限性）11.“五四”是近代翻译的分水岭，以鲁迅，翟秋白为代表，提倡理论与实践相结合，提倡以白话文代替文言文。

主张直译。

第二章*翻译的标准、过程以及对译作的要求一、翻译的标准1.严复提出：信达雅。

为了避免引起误会，主张把翻译标准概括为“忠实，通顺”2.忠实，指的是忠实原作的内容。

还指保持原文的风格，即原作的民族风格，时代风格，语体风格，作者个人的语言风格等。

3.通顺，即指译文语言语言必须通顺易懂，符合规范。

二、翻译的过程直译与意译（弄清楚区别和关系：相辅相成，互为依存）第三章*英汉语言的对比（不想打字QAQ将就看看吧）主要分为竹节式（英文）和树状式（中文）第四、五章*英译汉常用方法词义转译（主要针对一词多类multitypes）：eg.Like knows like. 英雄识英雄。

根据上下文分析（主要针对一词多义pdysemy）：eg.He is the last man to do it.（自己看着译吧意思辣么多就不一一列举了）词义引申（extension）：eg.Every life has its roses and thorns.（每个人生活有甜有苦。

翻译第9——15讲1 He is easily the best student in the class.他无疑是班上最好的学生or他比班上别的学生要好许多.2 The stranger robbed his wife.那个陌生人抢了他妻子的钱（东西）.3 I can’t agree more.我完全同意，4 They give the boy the lie. 他们指责男孩说谎5 Her mother died of difficult labo.他母亲死于难产..6 He was then bright in the eye. 那时他已经醉了.7 Calculation never makes a hero.举棋不定永远成不了英雄.A They are as thick as thieves.他们非常亲密/ 情同手足。

B. Individualism is the core of social value in the United States of America.提倡个人奋斗精神是美国社会价值核心。

1 、He was a man of high renown. (Commendatory)2 、His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death. (derogatory)Both “renown” and “notoriety” mean “fame”, but “renown” means good fame while “notoriety” means ill fame.3、Only ambitious students get the best marks.有抱负的学生才能取得最好的成绩。

Young people, be ambitious.年轻人, 要胸怀大志。

1. They were sons of the men who had left their homes and taken to the mountain with their broad swords by their side.他们都是（那些抛弃妻子、身带大刀进入深山的好汉们的）后代。