2016年北师大考博英语部分真题

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答案见附录2016武大博士生英语入学考试真题答案I．Reading Comprehension（40分)（黄老师提供)BCAD ACBA DDCA DCAB CCBAPart II English—Chinese Translation（5＊4=20分)（方老师提供：标答）1. 如果我们的时间使用得当，就能生产出有用和重要的产品，在市场上买得一定的价钱；或者充实我们的经验，增长我们的才干，待到适当时机我们就能挣到金钱。

2。

我们想到死便震惊不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻烦和费用以保全生命。

可是我们对于损失一个钟头或者一天时间往往漠不关心，忘记生命原来就是我们生活的每一天、每一小时的总和。

3. 现在如果从我们的寿命中减去所有这些岁月，我们将发现，能让我们用于有效工作的时间大概是15或20年左右。

谁能记住这一点,就不会心甘情愿地浪费他生命的每时每刻。

4。

如果我们让生命的早晨时光悄悄溜走而未加利用,我们将永远无法弥补这种损失.等我们长大了，获得知识的能力就变得迟钝了，因此在童年和青年时期没能获得的知识或技能将永远不能获得了。

Part III Chinese—English Translation(20分）（方老师提供：标答）We are not sure what “intelligence” is， not what is passed on. However，the fact does not prevent us from finding it a very useful concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which “measure" it。

北京师范大学考博英语真题常见重点词汇(1表示“在……之中(之间,相互”意义加前缀interlace束紧——interlace混合,交织breed繁殖——interbreed杂交,繁殖lock锁——interlock连锁personal个人的——interpersonal人际关系的(2表示“中间的,居中的”意义加前缀midsummer夏季——midsummer仲夏night夜晚——midnight午夜day白天——midday中午,正午ship船——midship船的中央部分(3表示“错误的(地,坏的(地,不利的(地”意义加前缀mismatch搭配——mismatch误配,配合不当quote引用——misquote错误地引用需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一,也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

count计算——miscount算错chance机会——mischance不幸,灾祸(4表示“再一次,重新,返回,在……后”意义加前缀re arrange安排——rearrange重新安排call呼唤——recall唤回decorate装饰——redecorate重新装饰value估价——revalue重新估价(5表示“越过,超越,过度的”意义加前缀overcharge索价——overcharge索价太高exposure曝光——overexposure感光过度fly飞——overfly飞越stock存货——overstock存货过多(6表示“下面的,不完全的,从属于”意义加前缀under sell出售——undersell廉价出售secretary部长——undersecretary副部长production生产——underproduction生产不足garment外衣——undergarment衬衣(7表示“一半,不完全的,发生两次的”意义加前缀semitone音调——semitone半音coke焦炭——semicoke半成焦炭detached分开的,独立的——semidetached半独立式的weekly每周的——semiweekly每周两次的(8表示“非常小的,微型的,小规模的”意义加前缀minibus公交车——minibus小公交车computer计算机——minicomputer小型计算机skirt裙子——miniskirt超短裙cab出租车——minicab小型计程车(9表示“大量的,多数的”意义加前缀multi(在元音前作mult linguistic语言的——multilinguistic多种语言的storey层的——multistorey多层楼的angular角形的——multangular多角的national国家的——multinational多国的(10表示“反对,反传统式样”意义加前缀antiwar战争——antiwar反战的cancer癌症——anticancer抗癌aircraft飞行器——antiaircraft对空的semitic犹太人的——anti semitic反犹太人的(11表示“共同的,相互的”意义加前缀coexist存在——coexist共存operation操作;工作,活动—cooperation合作,协力habit居住——cohabit同居education教育——coeducation男女同校的教育(12表示“下降,分离,相反,除去”意义加前缀de classify保密——declassify泄密rail铺设铁轨——derail脱离轨道,出轨appreciate赏识,升值——deappreciate贬值,折旧horn触角——dehorn切去角(13表示“本身的,独自的”意义加前缀autographic书写的——autographic亲笔的immunity免疫——autoimmunity自体免疫criticism批评——autocriticism自我批评biographical传记的——autobiographical自传的(14表示“代理,副,次”意义加前缀vicemonitor班长——vicemonitor副班长president总统——vicepresident副总统admiral海军上将——viceadmiral海军中将,次于海军上将royalty王——viceroyalty副王(15表示“在……之上,更加,超越”意义加前缀superabundance充足——superabundance剩余,过度cool变凉——supercool过度冷却addition增加物——superaddition追加incumbent现任的——superincumbent盖在上面的;(压力自上而下的(16表示“在(时间,场所……之后”意义加前缀postglacial冰河的——postglacial冰河期之后的graduate毕业生——postgraduate研究生war战争的——postwar战后时期impressionism印象主义——postimpressionism后印象主义派(17表示“假冒的,虚伪的,不真诚的”意义加前缀pseudomemory记忆——pseudomemory记忆错误love爱情——pseudolove假爱,不真诚的爱graphic文字的——pseudographic伪书的scientific科学的——pseudoscientific伪科学的(18表示“远(距离的,电视的”意义加前缀telephotography摄影术——telephotography远距离摄影术typewriter打字机——teletypewriter电传打字机meter计量器——telemeter测远计communication通信——telecommunication电信,远距离通讯本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

北京师范大学考博英语翻译试题及其解析Investigators of monkey’s social behavior have always been struckby monkeys’aggressive potential and the consequent need for socialcontrol of their aggressive behavior.Studies directed at describingaggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it,as well as thesocial mechanisms that control it,were therefore among the firstinvestigations of monkeys’social behavior.Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete forany resource in the environment:hungry monkeys would fight over food,thirsty monkeys would fight over water,and,in general,at time morethan one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously,a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form ofaggression.However,the motivating force of competition for Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi incentives beganto be doubted when experiments like Southwick’s on the reduction ofspace or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporaryincreases in intragroup aggression.Indeed,food deprivation not onlyfailed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted indecreased frequencies of aggression.Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme fooddeprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almostall available energy to foraging,with little energy remaining foraggressive interaction.Furthermore,accumulating evidence fromlater studies of a variety of primate groups,for example,the study conducted by Bernstein,indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group.Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because,in the absence of a social order,one must be established to control interanimal relationships.When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization,the newcomer meets even more serious aggression.Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order,in the second case resident animals mob the intruder,thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit.The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect,if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets.If,however,the several animals introduced a group constitute their own social unit,each group may fight the opposing group as a unit;but,again,no individual is subjected to mass attack,and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat.The submission of the defeated group,rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group,reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack.Monkey groups therefore seem to be organized primarily tomaintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.1.The author of the text is primarily concerned with[A]advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey’s social behavior.[B]comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeys.[C]explaining the reasons for researcher’s interest in monkey’s social behavior.[D]discussing the development of investigators’theories about aggression among monkeys.2.Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the text about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys’behavior?[A]Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.[B]Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.[C]Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting,but it produces only temporary increase among monkeys in the wild.[D]Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys,but it also leads to a decrease in conflict.3.The text suggests that investigators of monkeys’socialbehavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because[A]aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeys.[B]successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey group.[C]situation that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratory.[D]most monkeys are potentially aggressive,yet they live in social units that could not function without control of their aggressive impulses.4.The text supplies information to answer which of the following questions?[A]How does the reduction of space affect intragroup aggression among monkeys in an experimental setting?[B]Do family units within a monkey social group compete with other family units for food?[C]What are the mechanisms by which the social order of an established group of monkeys controls aggression within that group?[D]How do monkeys engaged in aggression with other monkeys signal submission?5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?[A]A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.[B]A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it iscited.[C]Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.[D]Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】D【考点解析】本题是一道中心主旨题。

2016年北京市专升本英语真题PartⅠVocabulary and StructureDirections:There are15incomplete sentences in this part.You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or works from the4choices marked A.,B.,C.and D.then you should write the letter in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.1.As soon as Jane_______the room,she knew there was something wrong.A.EntersB.had enteredC.enteredD.was entering2.The police questioned______single one of the passengers on the coach.A.anyB.everyC.someD.no3.It’s Dad’s birthday and we are going out for a meal_____?A.celebrateB.celebratingC.celebratedD.to celebrate4._____you consider that the airline handled80million passengers last year,the accident figures are really very small.A.WhenB.AsC.SinceD.How5.--How long will it take to finish reading the book?--Well,______.But I’ll try my best.A.it all dependsB.it is okayC.it doesn’t matterD.it is no problem6.By the end of this coming June，my brother_____in New England for three years.A.studiesB.will studyC.has studiedD.will have studied7.Jane sent you a letter yesterday.Have you______it?A.caughtB.receivedC.passedD.Obtained8.I am not fluent in German,but I can make myself______.A.UnderstoodB.understandingC.to understandD.understand9.---I have an appointment with Prof.Clinton.----You_____be Mr.Smith.Prof.Clinton is waiting for you in his office.A.couldB.mightC.mustD.should10.Let us suppose that you are in position of parents.Would you allow your kids to do such____thing? A,a;a B.a；the C.the;the D.the;a11.Things_____much worse if they had not followed the teacher’s advice.A.areB.wereC.had beenD.might have been12.Sometimes just a quiet evening with a friend talking about nothing is all______you need.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when13.He found it increasingly difficult to read,______his eyesight was beginning to fail.A.orB.andC.ForD.but14.He will look for another job because he can't this loud noise any more.e up withB.put up withC.keep up withD.grow up with15.There was much debate______whether women should spend more time in the home.A,at B.in C.on D.AbovePartⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:There are5reading passages in this part.After reading each passage,you will find some questions or unfinished statements.For each question or statement there are4choices marked A.,B.,C.,and D.You should choose the most appropriate answer and write the letter in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.Questions16to19are based on following passage.This brand new aircraft is designed with four classes of service:First Class,Business Class,Premium Economy Class and Economy Class,meeting passengers’various needs.16.How many seats are there on board this new plane?A.66.B.120.C.233.D.365.17.Where can you probably find your seat if your ticket is the Premium Economy Class?A.Rows11-15.B.Rows31-37.C.Rows38-64.D.Rows80-87.18.Which class is provided with a locker?A.First Class.B.Business Class.C.Premium Economy Class.D.Economy Class.19.How many classes of passengers can use the central bar?A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.Questions20to23are based on the following passage.It's usually a good idea to book rooms in fancy hotels well in advance.These hotels provide many extra services.You probably can count on having bathrobes,hair dryers,and a minibar in your room.Beware of minibars.You can be surprised when you pay your bill.When you arrive,a doorman greets you,and a porter takes your bags.Tip the porter atleast$1per bag.If the doorman calls a taxi for you,tip him$1.If he has to stand out in the rain,you might want to tip more.The porter takes the bags to your room.Sometimes the desk clerk will direct you to the room,and the porter will follow with the bags.The porter or bellman will open and show you the room.If you don’t like the room,ask the porter to call the front desk about a replacement.The next thing you should do,no matter what sort of hotel,is to find the emergency and fire exits. Check to see whether you need more towels,pillows,blankets,hangers,or an iron.If you do,call housekeeping right away.Calling late at night,when there is a reduced staff,can create difficulties and delays.Fancy hotels have a concierge,in the European tradition.The concierge desk is generally located near the registration desk.Here you can obtain theater,concert,and sports tickets?look at local restaurant menus and make dining reservations;and find out about car rentals,sightseeing tours,babysitters,and even traffic and weather conditions.A good concierge is a miracle worker who seems to know everything about everything.20.What do you have to pay for after use at a fancy hotel according to the passage?A.The iron.B.The bathrobe.C.The minibar.D.The hair dryer.A.The desk clerk.B.The porter.C.The bellman.D.The doorman.22.Which of the following can you ask for more?A.Pillows and blankets.B.Towels and TV sets.C.Hangers and keys.D.Curtains and lights.23.A concierge(Para,5)is probably someone who_______.A.babysits for hotel guestsB.works as a sightseeing guide for hotel guestsC.takes hotel guests to restaurantsD.provides hotel guests with information and servicesQuestions24to27are based on the following passage.I have heard of the story of the world famous opera singer Tina Kiberg.As a child,Tina was a violinist and spent her free time practicing and practicing.One day she participated in a violin contest and realized that she would never be more than an ordinary violinist and that she enjoyed singing more.She gave up the violin,took up singing and became a leading international opera singer.Her courage to give up is what allowed her to become a world famous opera singer.Now try to guess what these somewhat successful people have in common-Larry Page,Tiger Woods,John McEnroe and John Steinbeck.Yes,they all dropped out of Stanford.Look at many other successful people and I bet their past is also filled with things they did at one time and then gave up.There are a number of cognitive(认知的）processes that make it hard for us to leave our present situation and move)on to something new—even when we feel miserable with the present situation.We think“I've invested so much in this already.If I quit,all will have been wasted.M Once we have something,we hate to lose it.Things we don’t have yet don’t carry the same value.These cognitive thoughts might help explain why people stay stuck in bad jobs,bad marriages,unhappy friendship,etc.To sum up,sometimes you’ve got to stick with somethings even through tough times；but sometimes you have to have the courage to give up.You have to be open to the fact that sometimes giving up is the right way forward.24.What can be learned about Tina Kiberg?A.She used to be a violin player.B.Her talent in violin was ignored.C.She was forced to give up the violin.25.What do we know about many successful people from Para.2?A.They felt miserable in universities.B.They were faced with many failures.C.They usually have nothing in common.D.They know well when to give something up.26.Why are people unwilling to give up according to Para3?A.Because they have wasted too much.B.Because they stay stuck in bad conditions.C.Because they are afraid of losing what they have.D.Because they feel miserable with the present situation.27.What is the author’s comment on“giving up”according to the passage?A.It carries little value.B.It leads to hard times.C.It is sometimes a better choice.D.It is always very important to be successful.Question28to31are based on the following passage.Regular exercise can help you build stronger muscles,shake off illnesses?and make your clothes fit a whole lot better.But there’s another benefit:even moderate exercise seems to take years off your age.Of course,you cant change your age,but exercise can improve your health so that you look and feel younger than you are.Exercise gives you more energy.Exercise fires up your brain and body so you feel more energetic. Exercise puts your body in a state of excitement,which means more vitality and a greater sense of well being. Daily tasks become less tiring and require less effort.It's the kind of energy that makes you feel like you are a decade or two younger.Exercise keeps your skin soft and glowing.Researchers studied a small group of adults between ages 20and84.The frequent exercisers who were over age40had skin that resembled the younger skin of people in their20s and30s.The difference had nothing to do with sun exposure,which would age your skin faster, reported the research team,they guess that exercise creates body substances that help slow aging in skin, though they say more research is needed to learn how exercise works.Moreover,exercise helps you sleep soundly.Restful sleep is like a fountain of youth,and exerciseexperience deep sleep.Exercise tires you out,sure,but there's v more to it than that.Sleeping well helps all the systems in your body function optimally,so d you're less likely to suffer sleeplessness.A recent study finds that getting at least150minutes of exercise per week improves sleep quality by65%.28.What do we know about sun exposure according to the passage?A.It leads to faster aging in skin.B.It encourages more exercise.C.It makes the exerciser sweat.D.It creates body substances.29.What can we learn from Para,3?A.The researchers think exercise helps the skin work faster.B.The researchers are not sure how exercise works on skin.C.Exercise brings more sun exposure to the skin.D.Exercise only works on people under40.30.How does exercise affect people's sleep?A.It improves sleep quality,B.It increases the length of sleep.C.It helps people sleep regularly.D.It makes people less tired in sleep.31.Which would be the best title of the passage?A.Exercise and Sounder Sleep,B.Exercise and Stronger Muscles.C.Exercise Increases Sun Exposure.D.Exercise Makes You Look Younger.Questions32to35are based on the following passage.Every year,Americans throw away50billion food and drink cans,27billion glass bottles and jars, and65billion can covers.More than30%of our waste is packaging materials.Where does it all go?Some 85%of our garbage is sent to a dump,or a landfill,where h can take from100to400years for things like cloth and aluminum（铝）to decompose.Glass has been found in perfect condition after4,000years in the earth!We are quickly running out of space.It's time to learn the three R's of the environment：reduce, reuse,and recycle.Reducing the amount of waste you produce is the best way to help the environment.For example：you can buy products that don't have a lot of packaging.You can also look for things that are packed in materials that don't require a lot of energy or resources to produce.Instead of buying something you're notnot using.Instead of throwing things away,try to find ways to use them again!Bring cloth bags to the store with you instead of taking home new paper or plastic bags.You can use these bags again and again.Plastic containers and reusable lunch bags are great ways to take your lunch to school without creating e all writing paper on both sides.In some towns you can leave your recyclables in bins outside your homeland a truck will come and collect them regularly.Other towns have recycling centers where you can drop off the materials you've collected.Things like paper and plastic grocery bags,plastic and aluminum cans and bottles can often be brought to the grocery store for recycling.Whatever your system is,it's important to remember to clean and sort your recyclables!32.What does the first paragraph tell us?A.How much waste Americans produce annually.B.How many things Americans waste each year.C.How a landfill contains waste.D.How long glass can endure.33.What does the word decompose(Para.1)probably mean?A.Recycle.B.Reduce.C.Produce.D.Decay34.Why are cloth bags recommended?A.Because they require fewer resources for production.B.Because they can be recycled many times.C.Because they can be used repeatedly.D.Because they require less energy for production.35.How many specific recycling systems are mentioned in the last paragraph?A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.PartⅢClozeDirections:There is a passage in this part with10blanks in it.Read the passage carefully and then choose the most the appropriate answer from the4choices marked A.,B.,C.and D.Then you should write the letter in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.In the past,I always thought being a teacher was an easy job.But I changed my36when I became a part-time teacher.About four years ago.Richard asked me if I could help teach his students how to 37a web site about themselves.I agreed to do it because computer is what I do well and I didn’t think that teaching computer would be that38.During the first few lessons,I tried my best to be friends with the students but in the end I knew that it didn't really39.They tried to play with me all the time even when they were supposed to be learning.I didn’t mind40they played with me after the lessons.But when they did it during the lesson,I wouldn't be41to teach them.My experience has helped me42teachers more.Also it Has made me be a better teacher because I now know how teachers feel.If any of my43teachers are reading this,I want to44sorry if I sometimes played around in the class while you were teaching.I never thought how that would make you feel.I45I will do my best to be a good student in the future.A.brainB.heartC.mindD.sightA.findB.linkC.makeD.repairA.hardB.simpleC.importantD.attractiveA.differB.developC.existD.workA.ifB.howC.whereD.whyA.sureB.ableC.liableD.rightA.bearB.noticeC.serveD.understandA.newB.pastC.futureD.currentA.talkB.tellC.sayD.speakA.adviceB.promiseC.adviseD.suggestPartⅣWord formsDirections:There are10incomplete sentences in this part.You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.Write the word in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.46.Mr.Smith sent an email,_____(say)that he would visit our factory next month.47.Mankind feels______(power)in the face of natural disasters like earthquakes.48.Sarah________(explain)that she hadn’t been feeling very well recently.49.He is worried that_______(soon)or later his business will fail.50.We were beginning to worry.It was________(usual)for David to be so late.51.Anne left Germany in the_________(expect)of seeing her family again before long.52.She would not say yes or no,but gave an_________(direct)answer to my question.53.Eating habits are closely related with social and__________(culture)customs.54.The visitors are_________(main)overseas students.55.His hobby is to_________(collection)coins from different countries.PartⅤTranslation—English into ChineseDirections:This part is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese.There are5sentences in this part.Write your translation in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.56.The children had fallen asleep before the performance was over.57.When in difficulty,what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other.58.This kind of product is fashionable and convenient to carry,so it is popular with young people.59.Although she was very poor,the woman set aside some money each month for the education of her child.60.If you are unable to attend the interview,for whatever reason,you should inform us immediately.11Part VI WritingDirections:This part is to test your ability to do practical writing.You are required to write a letter.You can refer to the following information in Chinese.You should write about 100words on the Answer Sheet.61.假设你是李明，在黄海大学学习，上周三乘坐公交车上学途中遇到堵车，错过了布朗教授的英语口语课考试。

北京师范大学考博英语真题常见的一些代词及其用法连接代词：连接代词包括who，whom,whose，what，which，that。

其中除what外，其他连接代词也可作关系代词，其区别在于连接代词引导的是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句，而关系代词引导的是定语从句。

(一)引导主语从句例句：That the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.分析：该句是复合句，that the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetary system在句中充当主语。

译文：太阳是我们行星系的中心(而不是地球)这一概念在中世纪是很难让人明白的。

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例句：It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(2009年第46题)分析：该句是由转折连词but连接的并列句，其中第一个分句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that the measure of the worth...，of any social institution是worth的后置定语，in enlarging and improving experience 是its effect的后置定语。

2016年翻译硕士考研信息英语翻译基础一、英译汉：the Authorized Version钦定版圣经flesh and blood血肉之躯a wet blanket令人扫兴的人puppy love早年初恋the Analects论语contact lenses隐形眼镜proof positive铁证track and field田径运动child's play容易干的事，不重要的事danger money危险工作的额外报酬pull sb's leg愚弄某人in for a penny,in for a pound一不做二不休between the devil and the deep blue sea左右为难real economy实体经济二、汉译英音译transliteration国内生产总值GDP八折优惠20%off左上角top left corner淡酒light wine老于世故的人man of the world/sophisticated person硬性推销hard sale promotion天道酬勤god helps those who help themselves隔墙有耳wall have ears三三两两small knots of people耐用消费品durable consumer goods招领启事Lost and Found拦路虎a lion in the way可持续发展sustainable development新兴市场国家Emerging Market Countries三、英译汉：I was slow to understand the deep grievances of women.This was because,as a boy,I had envied them.Before college,the only people I had ever known who were interested in art or music or literature,the only ones who read books,the only ones who ever seemed to enjoy a sense of ease and grace were the mothers and daughters.Like the menf**d about money,they scrimped and made-do.But,when the pay stopped coming in,they were not the ones who had failed.Nor did they have to go to war,and that seemed to me a blessed fact.By comparison with the narrow, ironclad days of fathers,there was expansiveness,I thought,in the days of mothers.They went to see neighbors,to shop in town,to run errands at school,at the library, at church.No doubt,had I looked harder at their lives,I would have envied them less. It was not my fate to become a woman,so it was easier for me to see the graces.Few of them held jobs outside the home,and those who did filled thanklessroles as clerks and waitresses.I didn’t see,then,what a prison a house could be,since houses seemed to me brighter,handsomer places than any factory.I did not realize—because such things were never spoken of-how often women suffered from men's bullying.I did learn about the wretchedness of abandoned wives,single mothers,widows;but I also learned about the wretchedness of lone men.Even then I could see how exhausting it was for a mother to cater all day to the needs of young children.But if I had been asked,as a boy,to choose between tending a baby and tending a machine,I think I would have chosen the baby.四、汉译英：书信作为人际交往中传递信息，建立，发展和改变人际关系，联络和加深思想感情，以至评论时政抒发己见的主要形式，古时就已有之。

2014—2016年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题及参考答案高清版2014真题02年部分II. Reading Comprehension (25 points)Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job; and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job. “Contact us before writing application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae, or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is , of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also, an indication of growing importance of the curriculum vitae.(or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “JustA. there is lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB. there are so many top-level jobs availableC. there are so many people out of workD. the job history is considered to be a work of art .18. In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would .A. write an initial letter giving their life historyB. pass some exams before applying for a jobC. have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD. keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview19. Later, as one went on to apply more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter.something that would attract attention to one’s applicationa personal opinion about the organization one was trying to join something that would offered that person reading ita lie that one could easily get with telling20. The job history has become such an important document because .A. there has been a decrease in the number of jobs advertisedB. there has been an increase in the number of “qualified” job huntersC. jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD. the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated2Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophyare left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then , most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenings.The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates: until recently, only about 25% of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC’s response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics-including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Business School.Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finis their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result fromgreater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies.The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.21. By time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time, .A. most of them died of some sicknessB. their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their jobsC. most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subjectD. most of their grants run out22. Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive PhD grants from ESRC, because the completion rate of its PhD students’ theses within four years is lower than.A. 25%B. 40%C. 39%D. 10%23. All the following statements are the arguments against ESRC’s policy except .A. all the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negativeB. there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.C. many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their theses.D. some polytechnics are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance24. The ESRC would prefer .A. that the students were carrying out purely knowledge-based studies rather than being trained as researchers.B. to see higher standards of PhD students’ theses and more ambitious doctoral topicsC. more systematic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on inexperienced young PhD students.D. that PhD students were less modest in their aims25. what the ESRC can do is to .A. force departments to give graduates more teaching timeB. try to persuade universities to change their waysC. dictate the standard of thesis required by external examinersD. note that students want more research training and less elaborate styleof thesis3Influenza should not be dismissed as a trivial disease. It kills thousands of people every year at a very high cost to the economy, hits hardest the young and the elderly, and is most dangerous for people over the age of 65. influenza is mainly a seasonal illness of the winter months, though in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and the Pacific it can occur all the year round.The damaging effects of influenza can be prevented by immunization, but constant changes of antigenic specificity of the virus necessitate a different composition of the vaccine from one year to another. The network of WHO Collaborating Centers for Influenza and national institutes carries out influenza surveillance activities to monitor the evaluation of influenza virus strains, and WHO hold an annual consultation at the end of February to recommend the composition of the vaccine for the forthcoming epidemiological season. These recommendations are published immediately in the Weekly epidemiological record.Vaccination each year against influenza is recommended for certain high-risk populations. In closed or semi-closed settings, maximum benefit from immunization is likely to be achieved when more than three-quarters of the population are vaccinated so that the benefit of “herd immunity” can be exploited. Special care should be taken of the following groups:--adults and children with chronic disorders of the pulmonary or cardiovascular systems requiring regular medical follow-up or who had beenhospitalized during the previous year, including children with asthma; --residents of nursing homes and other establishments for patients of any age with chronic medical conditions;--all people over the age of 65.Physicians, nurses, and other personal in primary and intensive care units, who are potentially capable of transmitting influenza to high risk persons, should be immunized; visiting nurses and volunteer workers providing home care to high-risk persons should also be included.26. This passage .A. concerns the damaging effects of influenzaB. mentions the steps of fighting against the harmful effects of influenzaC. emphasizes the worry expressed by all age groupsD. both A and B27. That a different component part of the vaccine is necessary is principally due to the variable change of .A. virusB. strainC. antigenD. immunization28. Which has been done by World Health Organization in combating the bad effects of influenza?A. supervising the assessment of influenza virus strains.B. Holding meetings twice a year to provide the latest data concerning the composition of the vaccines.C. Publishing the related information in a WHO almanac.D. Stressing the importance of preventing influenza for people living in tropical areas of Asia.29. According to the passage, high-risk persons exclude which of thefollowing kinds of people ?A. Children suffering from asthma.B. The elderly with chronic pulmonary diseases.C. Middle aged people with chronic heart diseases.D. Nurses taking special care of the sick.30. In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed?A. A surgery book.B. A psychology bookC. An epidemiology book.D. An obstetrics book4In science the meaning of the word “explain”suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science can not really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really”are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, we have told all thee is to tell.”Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has itsproper place, hence one can conclude that objects fall to the ground because that is where they belong, and smoking goes up because that is where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.31. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is .A. to explain why things happenB. to explain how things happenC. to describe self-evident principlesD. to support Aristotelian science32. what principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?A. The speculations of ThalesB. The forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravityC. Aristotle’s natural scienceD. Galileo’s discoveries33. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is .A. disapproved of by most modern scientistsB. in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principlesC. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how”things happenD. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why ”things happen34. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea .A. that there are mysterious forces in the universeB. that man can not discover what forces “really” areC. that there are self-evident principlesD. that we can discover why things behave as they do35. Which of the following is the topic most likely to be discussed right after the passage?A. The most recent definition of “explain”B. The relationship between science and religionC. The limitations of scienceD. Galileo and the birth of modern science. 5Some weeks ago, riding in a cab from Boston to Cambridge, my driver turned and asked me what I did for a living . “Teach English”, I said. “Is that so? ”The young man continued. “I was an English major”But then, instead of chatting idly about Joyce or dropping the subject altogether, this driver caught me short. “You guys,”he said, turning back so that his furry face pressed into the glass partition, “ought to be shot”I think he meant it . The guilty party in this present state of affairs is not really the academic discipline. It is not the fault of English and philosophy and biology that engineering and accounting and computer science afford students better job opportunities and increased flexibility in career choice. Literature and an understanding of, say, man’s evolutionary past are as important as ever. They simply are no longer perceived in today’s market as salable. That is a harsh economic fact. And it is not only true in the United States. Employment prospects for liberal arts graduates in Canada, for example, aresaid to be the worst since the 1930s.What to do? I think it would be shortsighted for colleges and universities to advise students against majoring in certain subjects that do not appear linked (at least directly) to careers. Where our energies should be directed instead is toward the development of educational programs that combine course sequences in the liberal arts with course in the viable professions. Double majors---one for enrichment, one for earning one’s bread---have never been promoted very seriously in our institutions of higher learning, mainly because liberal arts and professional-vocational faculties have long been suspicious or contemptuous of one another. Thus students have been directed to one path or the other, to the disadvantage of both students and faculty.A hopeful cue could be taken, it seems to me, from new attempts in the health profession(nursing and pharmacy, for example), where jobs are still plentiful, to give the humanities and social sciences a greater share of the curriculum. Why could not the traditional history major in the college of arts and sciences be pointed toward additional courses in the business school, or to engineering, or to physical therapy? This strategy requires a new commitment from both the institution and the student and demands a much harder look at the allocation of time and resources. But in an age of adversity, double majors are one way liberal arts students can more effectively prepare for the world outside.36. What is the chief purpose of double majors?A. To help graduates of history major become successful businessmen.B. To provide liberal arts graduates with a method of meeting effectively the challenge in employment.C. To extend their knowledge learnt in the college.D. To moderate the tension between liberal arts and vocational faculties.37. In paragraph 1, the sentence “You guys ought to be shot” shows that at heart the driver .A. felt greatly regretted about the major he had chosenB. felt a deep hatred for all the English teachers in his former collegeC. complained that his teachers hadn’t taught him how to survive in this competitive society.D. held a deep contempt in the author because of his scholastic manner38. It can be inferred from the passage that the blame for the present state of affairs lies in the fact that .A. the course sequences themselves are unreliable.B. more and more students start to select science majorsC. almost none of the specialties the students major in might be salable in today’s marketD. the opportunities of employment are scarce for graduates of non-science majors39. The obstacles in course sequences in academic schooling are indicated in all of the following EXCEPT .A. the misguidance of major-selection in some of the institutions of higher learningB. the current curriculum couldn’t keep up with the development of thesocietyC. the inharmonious relation among the teaching facultiesD. the authorities of higher learning attach only little importance to course sequences40. This passage can best be titled as .A. Harsh Economic FactB. Double Majors, a Way OutC. Careers, Schooling fro BetterD. Market for Graduates6Does an unborn baby know his mother’s voice? psychology professor Anthony DeCasper advised an ingenious experiment to find out. He placed padded earphones over a newborn’s ears and gave him a bottle nipple attached to a closed rubber tube. Changes in pressure in the tube switched channels on a tape recorder. If the baby paused extra long between bursts of sucking, he heard on channel; if he paused shorter than average, he heard the other. The baby now had the ability, in effect to change channels.DeCasper found that newborns choose the recording of their mother’s voice over that of another woman’s. The baby, however, has no innate interest in his father’s voice, which is heard in the womb only from time to time, while the mother’s voice is ever present. Within two weeks after birth, however, the baby can recognize Dad’s voice too.A newborn is even attuned to the cadence and rhythm of his native language. In a French study using a setup similar to DeCasper’s, French babies given the choice between French and Russian words responded more to the sound of French.Brian Satt, a research specialist in clinical psychology, has parents sing a lullaby-like “womb song”to their babies. The unborn baby often develops a specific, consistent movement pattern when its song is sung. According to Satt, most parents can calm a fussy newborn with the song most of the time, which is a prize worth more than rubies to a new parent.He is roused by a heavy jolt. His mother has tripped and fallen heavily on one hip. He is much too well cushioned to experience any injury, but her pain and the fear that she may have hurt him floods both their bodies with adrenaline and other stress-related hormones. He cries and kicks vigorously, a cry never heard because there is no air to make sound. As she recovers the stress hormones ebb away, and he calms down too.41. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the unborn baby in the passage?A. An unborn baby can occasionally hear his father’s voice.B. Dc. Casper’s approach proved absolutely effective in a French experiment.C. An unborn baby is able to identify the tone and rhythm of his native language.D. Parents are able to soothe a fussy newly-born baby.42. According to the author, an unborn baby .A. is unable to identify his mother’s lullaby after birthB. is able to identify his mother’s voice rather than that of others’C. is able to help release adrenaline and other stress-related hormonesD. is able to distinguish French accent from Russian accent43. It is known from the passage that .A. mother’s stress, anger, shock or grief might not hurt the unborn baby in the wombB. an unborn baby’s cry might never be heard because of the particular condition of the womb.C. lullabies are the most precious means to young parentsD. an unborn baby has to move at intervals in the womb44. The author believes that the reaction of an unborn baby to his mother’s voice .A. belongs to one of the natural tendenciesB. is an indication which shows an unborn baby can use all his senses after birthC. is but a physiological circulation of any human beingD. is the most important factor which leads an unborn baby to the survival in the womb45. It can be assumed that the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discussed .A. the development of the baby in his mother’ s wombB. the well-developed taste buds of the babyC. the fact that the baby remains motionless just as what he performs in the first month of his mother’s pregnancyD. the fact that the baby can start to use some of his senses by the last few weeks of pregnancyⅢ. Translation and Writing (55 points)Part A TranslationTranslate the following into Chinese (30 points):Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the uses of humankind. Engineering has been defined as the creative application of “scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination.” The term engineering is sometimes more loosely defined, especially in Great Britain, as the manufacture or assembly of engines, machine tools, and machine parts. Associated with engineering is a great body of special knowledge; preparation for professional practice involves extensive training in the application of that knowledge. The function of the scientist is to know, while that of the engineer is to do. The scientist adds to the store of verified, systematized knowledge of the physical world; the engineer brings this knowledge to bear on practical problems. Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry, and mathematics and their extensions into materials science, solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and systems analysis.2Although for the purpose of this article English literature is treated as being confined to writings in English by natives or inhabitants of the British Isles, it is to a certain extent the case that literature---and this is particularly true of the literature written in English---knows nofrontiers. Thus, English literature can be regarded as a cultural whole of which the mainstream literatures of the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada and important elements in the literatures of other commonwealth countries are parts. It can be argued that no single English novel attains the universality of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace. Yet in the Middle ages the Old English literature was influenced and gradually changed by the Latin and French writings, eminently foreign in origin in which the churchmen and the Norman conquerors expressed themselves. From this combination emerged a flexible and subtle linguistic instrument exploited by Geoffrey Chaucer and brought to supreme application by William Shakespeare.Translate the following into English (10 points):从二十世纪中叶起，名国政府对科学技术的重视引起了各级教育机构的响应，理论科学和应用科学的巨大进步也激起了人们学习自然科学的兴趣，科学技术因此有了飞速的发展。

北京师范大学学士学位英语考试样题及答案（笔试）-普通类院（系）专业级姓名学号分数Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations。

At the end of each conversation aquestion will be asked about what was said。

Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once。

After each question there will be a pause。

During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer。

Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center。

1。

A。

The man doesn’t want to see Mr。

Williams。

B。

Mr。

Jones is in an inferior position than Mr。

Williams 。

C。

Mr。

Jones used to be in charge 。

D。

Mr。

Williams doesn’t want to work tomorrow。

2。

A。

They need to make more efforts。

B。

They’ll have more work to do tomorrow。

C。

The others have done the greater part of it。

北京师范大学教育学部特殊教育学考博备考资料-育明考博一、北京师范大学教育学部考博招生情况统计（育明考博）二、北京师范大学特殊教育学考博招生情况（育明考博）专业方向复试人数/招生人数复试方式040109特殊教育学特殊儿童生理心理研究特殊教育基本理论融合教育14年10人/3人15年8人/3人16年11人/3人专业笔试成绩占30%专业面试成绩占70%外语加试育明教育杜老师解析：1、北京师范大学自2013年为更好选拔博士生生源质量试行“申请-审核”选拔博士生制度，与以往的考试制在考查方式、考查测重点方面都有所区别。

“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩。

选拔流程为提交申请材料-笔试-面试-录取（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）。

2、材料审核中重点打分项：个人自述、科研成果（论文、workingpaper、参与课题）、外语水平、本硕院校、博士修习计划3、初审委员会委员及复试小组成员原则上由相关学科领域副教授（含）以上担任，至少5人。

初审：初审满分值为100分。

在初审成绩60分以上(含60分)的考生中，进行成绩排序，并按不低于1：3（即录取名额:复试人数）的比例确定复试名单。

复试：复试包括外语加试、专业笔试和专业面试（含外语口试），满分值为100分，其中，专业笔试成绩占30%、专业面试成绩占70%，外语加试成绩仅记“合格”或“不合格”。

复试考核内容主要包括：专业基础知识、科研潜力、学术水平、外语能力、创新意识与能力等。

复试成绩60分以上（含60分）且外语加试成绩合格的考生有资格进入最后的录取排名。

（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）育明教育针对北师教育学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

Part Two: Structure and Written Expression20Directions: In each question decide which of four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET.21.The nuclear family __________ a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A. refers toB. definesC. describesD. devotes to22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe thatelderly Americans are________ by social isolation and loneliness.A. reproachedB. favoredC. plaguedD. reprehended23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation ________ the quality of interpersonal relationship.A. ascendsB. compelsC. enhancesD. prefers24.In the past 50 years, there ________ a great increase in the amount of research_____on the human brain.A. was⋯ didB. has been⋯ to be doneC. was⋯ doingD. has been⋯ done25. “I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like. ”“ Wetold you not to eat at a restaurant.You’d better _______ at home when you are not in theshape. ”A. to throw up⋯ to eatB. throwing up⋯ eatingC. to throw up⋯ eatD. throwing up⋯ eat26. Parent shave to show due concerns to theirchildren’s creativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably _______ their enthusiasm and aspirations.A. hold backB. hold toC. hold downD. hold over27.According to psychoanalysis, aperson ’s attention is attracted ________ by the intensity of different signals ________ by their context, significance, andinformation content.A. not less than ⋯ asB. as⋯ justasC. so much⋯ asD. not so much⋯ as 28.They moved to Portland in1998 and lived in a big house, _______ to the south.A. the windows of which openedB. the windows of it openedC. itswindows opened D. the windows of which opening29.The lady who has_______ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to bea distant relation of his.A. put him upB. put him outC. put him onD. put him in30.By standers,_______,_________ as they walked past lines of ambulances.A. bloody and covered with dust, looking dazedB. bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazedC. bloody and covered with dust, looked dazedD. bloodied and covered with dust, looking dazed31.Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US________ closed for an apparent security review.32.American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game ______the legendary O’ Neal,who ______ the “ GreatWall ”at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers.-A. in head of, ran onB. in head of, ran intoC. ahead of, ran ontoD. ahead of, ran into33.Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in _________ computers.A. abstractB. obsoleteC. obstinateD. obese34.She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house“I. actually think there ’s something about the______ of paper that feels morecomforting. ”She said.A. tangibilityB. tanglednessC. tangentD. tantalization35. “ Theysaid what we alwaysknew, ”said an administration source,___________.A. he asked not to be namedB. who asked not to be namedC.who asked not be named D. who asked not named36.In Germany, the industrial giants Daimler Chrysler and Siemens recently_______their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.A. muscledB. movedC. mushedD. muted37.He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness, and has leftthe country_______.38.The more people hear his demented rants, the more they see that he isa terrorist_______.A. who is pure and simpleB. being pure and simpleC.pure and simple D. as pure and simple39.This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and toa rapid and terrible ________ in the character of the population.A. determinationB. deteriorationC. desolationD. desperation40._______ a declining birthrate, there will be an over-supply of 27,000 primary school places by 2010, _______ leaving 35 school sidle.B. Coupling with, equivalent toC. Coupled with, equivalent toD. Coupling with, equals toPart Three: Reading Comprehension 10Passage One The HeroMy mother ’s parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany. Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in German. Every morning, before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper, which was American owned and published in New York.My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his only son had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an American newspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.One day, the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very upset, but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag, cheering the boys, as they left.The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had had any training, but who had never the less all been issued uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their flags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station.It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt. The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station. It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted,“ It the’s armistice. The war is over. ”For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.41. Where was thenarrator family’s when this story took place?A. In Germany.B. In Hungary.C. In the United StatesD. In New York.42.His grandfather ____________.A. could not speak and read English well enoughB. knew nine languages equally wellC. knew a number of languages, but felt more kin to GermanD. loved German best because it made him think of home43.His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because ________.A. it was war time and Germans were their enemyB. the neighbors would mistake them as pro-GermanC.it was easier to get newspapers in English in AmericaD. nobody else read newspapers in German during the wartime44. The narrator mother’s wanted her brother to go to fight in the war,because________.A. like everybody else at the wartime, she was verypatriotic B. she hated the war and the Germans very muchC. all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be likethem D. she liked to have a brother she could think of as a heroPassage TwoWaking Up from the American DreamsThere has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of“ Wal-Martization of”America, which refers to the attempt of America ’s giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs, such as hiring temps (temporary workers) and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices, they ’ costlyre in other ways. More than a quarter of the labor force, about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs. Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities, too, as companies shift work to subcontract or sand temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India. The result has been an erosion of one ofAmerica ’s most cherished value: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their life times. Historically, most Americans, even low-skilled ones, were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middleclass as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in 1970s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decriedschools in’adequacy for years, but fixing them is a long, arduous struggle. Similarly, there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.45. The American dream in this passage mainly refers to____________.A. there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the societyB. Americans can always move up the pay ladderC. American young people can have access to college, even they arepoor D. the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs46.Wal-Mart strategy, according to this passage, is to___________.A. hire temps and part-timers to reduce its costB. outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home andabroad C. hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costsD. dismantle the career ladder and stop peopl’s mobilityupward 47. Which of the following statements is NOTTRUE?A. Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.B. Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S.C. More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India.D. Although people know how to restore American mobility, it ’s difficult to change the present situation.Passage Three Seniors and the CityTens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city. They are looking for what most older people want: a home with no stairs and low crime rates. And theyare willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants. Spying an opportunity, major real-estate developer shave broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburbanretirees. These seniors are already changing the face of big cities. One developer,Fran Mc Carthy asks: “ Whoever thought that suburban flight would beroundtrip? ”The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream. While some cities, especially those with few cultural offerings, have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets. Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose 17 percent. Austin, New Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well. There may be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging--- social isolation. In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer. For affluent retirees, city life is an increasingly popular option.48.Retired seniors are moving back into the city because____________.A. they find there are too many crimes in the suburbsB. unlike the flats in the city, their country house have stairs to climbC. they are no longer interested in playing golfD. in the city, they have more social and cultural life againstloneliness 49. From the passage we can infer that_________.A. the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of constructionwith senior retireesB. a life in the downtown city is expensive, and most of those retirees who movedback into the city are very well-offC. with more older people living in the city, the city will become gray and less beautifulD. very soon the American suburban areas will face their low population crisis50. Fran Mc Carthy ’s question means: nobody ever thought that__________.A. people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move backB. suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take roundtripC. suburban flight years ago would go in circlesD. senior people ’s moving back into the city would take place all over theUnited StatesDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your ownEnglish the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answerson ANSWERSHEET(2)15(51)Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says. There searchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine thepatient ’s emotional statejust before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results witha control group of uninjured people.(52)Despite widespread belief in“ roadrage, ”anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.(53)Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries–those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or trafficaccidents–also showed strong associations with anger.(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.(55)Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury, said” the study ’s lead author.Part Four: Cloze Test10Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numberedblank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWERSHEET (2).Last year French drivers killed(56)_______ than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely(57)________ the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation ’s high ways since 2003, which experts reckon(58)_______ 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans toinstall 500(59)______radar devices this year.So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses(60)_______ the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But lastyear ’s London bombing,in which video cameras(61)________a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spuraseachange. A month(62)_______ the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, Internet and phone data for“ anti-terror” (63) a.InBritish poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were(64)_______ to give up some civil liberty toimprove(65)________.Part Five: Proof reading 10Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash(/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash(/). Put your answer on ANSWERSHEET(2).Examples:eg.1(66)The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(66)begun beganeg.2(67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely) had (they)eg.3(68)Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(68)not(66)Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country.(67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.(68)But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once amajor component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information, concluding it could harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.(70)Canny college officials,in turn, have found a tactical way to response.(71) Using broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages forentire senior class, they essentially recreate anapplicant class’s rank.(72)The process has left them exasperating.(73)“weIf’ relooking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that theyare among the best in their school, with a rank wedon’t necessarily know that, said” Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.(74)Admissions directors say strategy can backfire.When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.Part Six: Writing15Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topicgiven below. Write it neatly on ANSWERSHEET(2).Recently, a newspaper carried an article entitled:“ WeShould No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics The”.article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people inthePeople ’s Congress or thePeople ’s Political Consultative Conference, and they should not be forced to do so. What do you think?56. fewer 57. to 58. saved 59. more 60. as 61. played 62. after 63. purposes 64.ready/ willing 65. security北京大学 2006 年博士入学考试试题答案Listening0.5each)1-5BCAAD6-10BADCA11-15CBADA16-20BDCB ＣC1:immune C11:insufficientC2:range C12:accidentsC3:quarter C13:wheelC4:uninterrupted C14:shiftC5:tossing C15:riskC6:destined C16:deterioratesC7:claim C17:snatchC8:fooling C18:skepticalC9:deprivation C19:substituteC10:correlation C20:insomniaStructureandwrittenexpression1pointeach)21-25accdd26-30adaab 31-35cdbab 36-40abcbcReading1pointeach)41-45ccbda 46-50cbdbaParaphrasing:(3pointseach)51.According to new research, getting angry adds to the chances of gettingphysically hurt, particularly for male.52.even people generally believe that people easily get angry when driving on the road, but anger didn ’t have much/anything to do with injuries from traffic accidents,/ but not many injuries from traffic accidents are the results of anger on the road.53.It is not at all surprising that anger is a very important reason for peoplewho intentionally hurt themselves.54.We see this strong link between anger and injury more in men than in women, but different races of people did not show much variation.55.People do not know yet why anger is associated with injury.Cloze:(1pointeach)56.Fewer57.To 58.Saved 59.More 60.As 61.Played 62.After63.Purposes 64.Ready 65.SecurityProofreading:(1pointeach)66.Highly-high 67.Pore-poreover 68.Anything-something 69.Better-good70.Response-respond 71.Forentire-foranentire 72.Exasperating-exasperatedbS73.With-without 74.Strategy-thestrategy 75.And-butWriting:(15points)。

2016年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Google is not the only search utility in town, but it comes with such a(n) ______collection of tools to focus your search that it is the engine of choice for many of us.A．comparableB．formidableC．innumerableD．compatible正确答案：B解析：本题考查形容词的语义。

A可比较的；B强大的；C无数的；D兼容的。

该句的大意为：谷歌并非唯一的搜索工具，不过，它强大的工具集合能够专注搜索，因此谷歌是大多数人选择使用的搜索引擎。

2．The defect in David’s character has______him from advancement in his career.A．exemptedB．forbiddenC．underminedD．hindered正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词的语义。

A免除；B禁止；C破坏；D阻碍。

该句的大意为：大卫性格上的缺陷阻碍了他的事业发展。

3．The theory that business could operate totally without the aid of government has proved to be a (n) ______.A．allusionB．seclusionC．illusionD．confusion正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词的语义。

2002年北京师范大学考博英语试题ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage One16. B 细节题。

第一段最后一句话说“What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.”。

这与B符合。

A和C与文章的意思不符；文中没有提到D。

17. C 细节题。

文章第二段第二句话说“The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment.”。

说明这种专门服务能得到发展并取得明显成功，反映了目前的高失业水平。

这与C符合。

18. D 细节题。

文章第三段指出“Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs…Everything else could and should be saved for the interview.”。

这与D符合。

A、B和C都与文章的意思不符。

19. A 细节题。

文章第四段指出“Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.”。

这与A符合。

2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite all th e legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a result of bed shortages.”A. facilitatedB. forfeitedC. fulfilledD. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: CSection B41. scrutinyA. sanctionB. restrictionC. censusD. examinationKey: D42. potentA. inexpensiveB. powerfulC. conventionalD. lethal Key: BA. in tune withB. in favor ofC. for the sake ofD. in disagreement withKey: D44. eminentA. renownedB. notoriousC. popularD. mysteriousKey: A45. diversityA. sevrityB. reliablilityC.variety D. specificityKey: C46. lapseA. errorB. sinC. guiltD. offense Key: A47. jaundiceA. grievanceB. sympathyC.jealousy D. indignationKey: C48. to little availA. by no meansB. in vainC. of no accountD. at stakeKey: B49. lavishlyA. fearlesslyB. conspicuouslyC. wastefullyD. ferociouslyKey: C50. progressionA. deteriorationB. accumulationC. expansionD. promotionKey: APart III Cloze (10%)51. A. careful about B. capable of C. accessibleto D. susceptible toKey: B52. A. in the event B. in an attempt C. at the moment D. along the wayKey: D53. A. exclusive B. very C. just D. exactKey: A54. A. indeed B. however C. moreover D. thereforeKey: B55. A. demonstration B. dimension C. destiny D. determinationKey: C56. A. has been said B. being said C. was said D. is said Key: B57. A. more or less B. pretty much C. as ever D. if any Key: B58. A. while B. despite C. nevertheless D. sinceKey: C59. A. case B. mold C. sense D. conditionKey: C60. A. different B. similar C.insufficient D. significantKey: DPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there exists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.”D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus __________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing作文的标题：The Cultivation and Development of General Practitioner（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。

2016～2021年北师大外国哲学考博真题、考博参考书、历年分数线、录取名单、导师信息及经验总结育明教育506大印老师整理2020年6月1日目录一、2021年北师大外国哲学考博参考书二、2016-2020年北师大外国哲学考博真题及解析三、2021年北师大外国哲学考博招录比及分数线四、2021年北师大外国哲学考博专业课笔记整理五、2021年北师大外国哲学考博导师信息【温馨提示】每个院校的考博时间是不一样的，加之每个院校博士招生人数有限，所以育明教育大印老师建议大家一定要多选择几个院校进行备考，一般而言，选择4-5个院校比较合适，这几个院校选择应该注意具有一定的层次性，比如可以选择北大、南开，首师大、中财，矿大、地大等三个档次的院校。

因为只要是211或者双一流的院校的博士，对于你以后进入高校任教或者从事相关的工作是太大影响的。

切记孤注一掷的之报考一个院校。

2020年育明教育学员刘同学同时被北大、社科院、南开、人大等名校金融学考博录取，考博院校考察内容相差不大，所以，一定要多选择几个院校。

此外，很多考生问考博辅导的意义是什么，其实对于考博而言，最重要的是三点：第一，考博信息，即考博院校和考博侧重点的选择问题，这点一般的考生很难完全了解，因为很多院校考博信息并不对外公开，但是咱们经过12年的辅导经验，很多内容是比较了解的；第二，个人陈述和研究计划，这点一般的考生可能很难独立完成，尤其是研究计划，因为研究计划既需要和所报考导师相关，也需要和自己本硕专业相关，这点都在咱们的辅导之内；第三，专业课考试范围和考试侧重点，这点也很重要。

一、2020年北师大外国哲学考博参考书说明：所列书籍为2019年第一名推荐书目。

2019年北师大外国哲学考博录取的学生有二分之一是育明教育学员。

在校教授授课，精准押题。

1、孙小礼主编：《现代科学的哲学争论》，北京大学出版社2003年8月版；2、教育部社科司主编：《自然辩证法概论》，高等教育出版社2004年版；3、W．H．牛顿－史密斯主编：《科学哲学指南》，上海科技教育出版社2006年11月版；4、麦克莱伦等：《世界史上的科学技术》，上海科技教育出版社2003年版。

北京师范大学考博英语部分真题答案解析23.D解析：推断题。

本题考查作者对于现场表演的虔诚追随者的观点态度。

从文章第三段可知，作者自己选择听唱片/录音而不是听现场音乐会。

第四段开头作者提到，devoted concertgoers认为“录音不能代替现场表演”，但作者认为devoted concertgoers are missing the point(现场表演虔诚的追随者没有切中要害)，之后是论据支持作者的观点，作者认为These recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances，即录音便宜、容易得到，且通常比今天的现场音乐会有更高的艺术品质。

[D]项overestimate the value of live performances(高估了现场表演的价值)是对作者对于devoted concertgoers观点的高度概括，故为正确答案。

干扰项：选项[A]意思是“喜欢听现场音乐会的人忽视了现场表演的花销”，原文确实提到These recordings are cheap，但是这个选项片面，没有概括性。

选项[B]意思是“拒绝大多数种类演唱会录音”没有概括出作者对于devoted concertgoers的观点态度，太浅显，且与原文对devoted concertgoers的描述Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance…存在误差。

选项[C]意思是“夸大了现场表演的多样性”，原文没有提到。

（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)24.D解析：推断题。

北京师范大学外国语言文学学院英语语言文学考博指导与分析一、北京师范大学外国语言文学学院考博资讯北京师范大学外国语言文学学院的课程与教学论专业初试的两门专业课均用英文答题其余的见下文。

（一）考试科目及各方向导师：2.050201英语语言文学研究方向01：英美诗歌。

导师是章燕。

考试的科目：（1）1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）（100%）。

（2）2019英美文学基础（100%）。

（3）3809英美诗歌及诗论（100%）。

研究方向02：英国现代小说。

导师是蒋虹。

考试的科目：（1）1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）（100%）。

（2）2019英美文学基础（100%）。

（3）3005英国现代小说（100%）。

研究方向03：翻译学。

导师是张政。

考试的科目：（1）1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）（100%）。

（2）2036翻译学基础（100%）。

（3）3077中外翻译理论（100%）。

研究方向04：西方现代戏剧。

导师是曹雷雨。

考试的科目：（1）1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）（100%）。

（2）2019英美文学基础（100%）。

（3）3179西方现代戏剧（100%）。

（二）复试分数线：1.复试原则与分数线：此分数线是各专业的最低复试/录取分数要求。

只适用于报考普通博士生、高校辅导员在职攻读思想政治教育专业博士学位研究生、高校思想政治理论课教师在职攻读马克思主义理论博士学位研究生的考生，不适用于少数民族高层次骨干人才攻读博士学位研究生和对口支援西部地区高等学校定向培养博士学位研究生。

未组织复试的导师，将在此分数线基础上，按照一定比例确定复试名单，并在4月中旬前组织复试，具体复试名单由报考院系通过院系网站或电话告知。

已经复试的导师，将在此分数线基础上，依据录取规则，按顺序录取。

专业代码及名称外国语业务课一业务课二总分050201英语语言文学5060601802.复试方案：复试将对考生科研及实践经验、学术潜力、实践能力、综合素质等进行全面考查。