2015年北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院考博真题汇总

2015年北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院考博真题状元笔记各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京师范大学博士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的考博真题，方便大家准备考博，希望给大家一定的帮助。

8. M1: I have found a good idea, Professor Johnson. But I didn’t have time to organize it clearly.May I give you the paper a few days later?M2: You know that I always prefer a well organized paper even a few days late.Q: How does the Professor Johnson react to the student?A. He will not accept a late paper from her.B. He is interested only in her ideas.C. He wants her to correct the paper he has just given her.D. He will accept a late paper from her.9. M1: Have you heard anything about George?M2: That’s why I’m calling you now. When I visited the hospital this afternoon, I heard that hehas an operation around 9 o’clock this morning. The doctor Smith think that George is going to be allright soon.Q: What information have you heard about George?A. He is going to be operated on at 9 o'clock.B. He is under operation now.C. He already had his operation.D. He is all right now.10. M1: I need some advice as have an important interview tomorrow.M2: Why do you go ask Nick? He has been a headhunter for 5 years. He has interviewed a lot ofpeople.M1: You are right. He is sure to be able to tell me what company is looking for.Q: What is the job of a headhunter according to the conversation?A. Someone who is in charge of hunting.B. A boss of a company.C. A job-seeking advisor.D. Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for his company.考博结束已经好几个月了，也终于静下心来回顾一下自己整个考博的历程。

考博详解与指导(一)教育哲学名词解释几年都没有出现重复，涉及到的有著作、教育流派、教育观、教育基本概念等方面，所以加强这些方面的总结是很必要的。

很有必要翻看教育哲学词典，并做摘录。

论述题教育主客体、效率与公平、全球化背景下的……等是热点考题。

重点需要抓住这些。

另外大众高等教育和精英高等教育也是热点。

不过2008年加入了有关教育哲学的基本问题的考查及教育哲学家的观点等。

因此复习需要全面进行。

(二)比较教育从题型来看，比较教育一直都没有改变，都是4-5道论述题。

基本上考查高等教育方面的比较多一点。

每年基本都有一道关于比较教育理论方面的内容。

一些重要改革潮流(课程、教育管理等)都是重点。

1.What’s your name?2.Does your name have any special meaning?3.Where were you come from?4.What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown?5.What is the climate like in your hometown?6.What is people’s favorite food in your region?7.What do you do during the Spring Festival?8.Can you describe one of the main festivals celebrated?9.Tell me something about the customs of your hometown.10.How long have you lived in XXX?11.What place in XXX do you like best?Why?12.Which is the best place you’ve been to China?13.What is the biggest problem you will face?14.Could you tell me something about your family?、15.When will you get married?16.What social responsibilities should a post-graduate take?17.What difficulties do your parents have concerning their old age?18.Which kind of professor do you like best?19.What does friendship mean to you?What kind of people do you make friendwith?20.What is your major?21.How do you like your major?22.When and where did you graduate?What qualifications have you obtained?23.What impressed you most when you were at university?24.What is the best university in your opinion?25.Could you sum up your own study habits in a few points?26.Do you think the subjects you are studying today are relevant to present-day society?Why?27.What do you do for a living?28.What are your job prospects?29.If you had the opportunity to change your subject,what would you do with it?30.What are your spare time interests?31.How do you spend your weekends?32.What is your favorite sport?What are the rules?33.What kind of films do you like best?34.What kind of music do you enjoy?35.Where have you been traveling to?Which place interested you most?36.Do you enjoy traveling?If yes.Where and why?37.What kind of differences in the system of higher education between China and other countries?38.What problem do you think you will have in XXX?39.How will you overcome the difficulties?40.Do you think you will be able to cope with English-demands of your intended study program?41.What difficulties do you think you’ll encounter in your studies?42.What do you intend to study?43.Why did you choose our university?44.Would you want to be a volunteer during Olympic Games?45.If there were an opportunity of studying abroad,what would you do?46.Should you study more theory or do more practice?Give your reasons,please.52.How serious is unemployment among young people?53.In your opinion,what are the most serious problems associated with modern life?54.What do you think have been the most important changes in your study field over the past5years?55.As there are more and more private cars,what do you think the government should do in order to encourage citizens to use public transport?56.How do you see yourself in ten years’time?57.What business do you hope to have?58.What will do if you cannot find a job after graduation?59.How do you afford your tuition?60.Does your family support your decision on studying?What help do they offer?• 1.自我介绍（self-introduce）Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is***，24.I come from******，the capital of*******Province.I graduated from the*******department of *****University in July，2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching*****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.I am open-minded，quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time，I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books，especially those about*******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition，during my college years，I was once a Net-bar technician.So，I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway，I feel great pity for our country‘s team.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.Of course，if I am given a chance to study ******in this famous University，I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance******.2.考研原因（reasons for my choice）There are several reasons.I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer.In my opinion，as one of the most famous******in our country，it provide people with enough room to get further enrichment.This is the first reason.The second one is I am long for doing research in******throughout my life.Its a pleasure to be with my favorite******for lifetime.I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.Thirdly，I learnt a lot from my*****job during the past two years.However，I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.Life is precious.It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development，especially in this competitive modern world.In a word，I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.3.研究生期间你的计划（plans in the postgraduate study）First，I hope I can form systematic view of*****.As for******，my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as**************.If possible，I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word，I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.4.介绍你的家乡（about hometown）I am from，a famous city with a long history over2，200years.It is called“Rong Cheng”because there were lots of banians even900years ago.The city lies in the eastern part of the province.It is the center of politics，economy and culture.Many celebrities were born here，for instance，Yanfu，Xie Bingxin，Lin Zexu and so on..You know，there is a saying that“The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”。

2015北京师范大学文学院考博真题以及讲解各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京师范大学的博士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题笔记方便大家准备考博，希望给大家一定的帮助。

真题集5American universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is anothermatter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts torecruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, hasboosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshmanclasses from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to ourkinds of places," he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well whenit comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get theirdiplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in severalrecent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, directorof postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studiedenrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for adiploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For thefirst time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less welleducated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better thanthe rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studiesshow that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college –but theirgraduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos,andNative Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minoritypopulation grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to nationalprosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison–one of the top five or so prestigious public universities –graduated 81% of its white studentswithin six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers getworse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its whitestudents, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally –but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges foundthat while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americansdid so as well.27. The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be _________________ .A. commercially uselessB. just as anticipatedC. somewhat controversialD. quite unexpected28. Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that ________________ ?A. it passes through the intestines without being absorbedB. it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyC. it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD. it prevents excessive intake of vitamins29. What is a possible effect of olestra according to some critics?A. It may impair the digestive system.B. It may affect the overall fat intake.C. It may increase the risk of cancer.D. It may spoil the consumers’appetite.30. Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?A. It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.B. People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.C. The function of the intestines may be weakened.D. It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.才思教育自1995年开始开设北京地区高校考研辅导班，其中近90%考上北京知名高校攻读硕士研究生。

北师大考博辅导班：2019北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院考博难度解析及经验分享北京师范大学学术学位博士生选拔方式包括公开招考、“申请-审核”、硕博连读和本科直博四种方式。

实行“申请-审核”方式的学部院系有教育学部、心理学部、物理学系、天文系、全球变化与地球系统科学研究院、化学学院等。

硕博连读仅限本校在读的二年级学术学位硕士生申请，一般在每年的12月份进行。

本科直博生主要接收全国重点大学理工科类优秀应届本科毕业生，一般在每年的9-10月进行。

下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院考博相关内容。

一、院系简介北京师范大学艺术学科积累近百年历史，地位独具、历史悠久、学术之风优长。

2002年成立艺术与传媒学院，是中国高校第一个全艺术学科汇聚、艺术与传媒结合的学术与创作并进的独特学院。

学院设有国家首批“艺术学博士后科研流动站”、首批艺术学一级学科博士点。

新的艺术门类成立后设有“戏剧与影视学”、“艺术学理论”两个一级学科博士点，音乐与舞蹈、美术学等四个一级学科硕士点。

电影学为国家级重点（培育）学科，艺术学理论、戏剧与影视学为北京市重点学科。

学院创办的“北京大学生电影节”自1993年以来，已成功举办23届，在海内外产生了广泛的影响。

传媒与艺术实验教学中心于2016年被评为“国家级实验教学示范中心”。

学院坚持“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺”的院训，招收本科生、硕士生、博士生、博士后、高级访问学者和外国留学生等，致力于培养艺术创作与研究能力并重、人文与艺术素养深厚、具有国情意识和国际视野的艺术创作与艺术教育高级专门人才。

学院承担由教育部、文化部指导，北京师范大学、中国传媒大学、北京电影学院两部三校联合实施的“动漫高端人才联合培养实验班计划”。

二、招生信息北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院博士招生专业有2个：130100艺术学理论研究方向：01音乐教育比较研究、02艺术教育研究、03中外美术比较、04书法史与书法理论、05西方造型艺术研究、06汉字字体与书法艺术研究、07音乐教育理论与实践研究、08俄罗斯造型艺术研究考试科目：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2615艺术理论③3178音乐教育研究④3177艺术教育社会学⑤3044中外美术史论⑥3204书法史论⑦3248西方美术发展史⑧3229汉字字体与书法理论⑨3091中外音乐史⑩3266俄罗斯及东欧艺术发展史130300戏剧与影视学研究方向：01电影文化与传播研究、02传媒文化研究、03影视理论与现状研究、04文化传播研究、05纪录电影研究、06数字内容和娱乐研究、07艺术治疗研究、08电视与新媒体艺术研究、09电影美学与批评、10中国电影研究、11电影文化研究、12影视创意研究、13亚洲电影研究、14传媒艺术研究、15数字媒体艺术与产业研究考试科目：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3131电影文化与传播④3227传媒文化理论与实务⑤3713中国影视现状分析⑥2144文化理论与中国传统文化研究⑦3250大众传播学理论与方法⑧3835纪录电影美学⑨3205文化研究理论⑩2156音乐与文化传承(11)3263音乐治疗理论与应用研究(12)3132电视与新媒体艺术分析(13)3192电影美学与批评(14)3246电影批评(15)3191电影文化现象评析(16)3226影视创意与批评(17)3247亚洲电影创作与批评(18)3251传媒艺术理论与实务(19)3837数字媒体理论与实务三、报考条件1.中华人民共和国公民，拥护中国共产党的领导，品德良好，遵纪守法。

北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置北京师范大学艺术与传媒学学院每年招收博士生10人，下设艺术学理论和戏剧与影视学两个专业，其中艺术学理论专业下设3个方向，分别是倪文东的艺术史（书法史论）；梁玖的艺术教育研究；郭兰兰的音乐教育比较研究。

戏剧与影视学专业下设7个方向，分别是黄会林的电影史论与批评；周星的影视理论与现状研究；于丹的电视传媒形态及产业研究；张同道的记录电影研究；肖永亮的数字艺术学与文化创意研究；史可扬的电影美学与批评；陈晓云的中国电影研究。

二、考试的科目艺术史（书法史论）的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2615艺术原理③3135中国书法史论艺术教育研究的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语②2615艺术原理③3177艺术教育社会学音乐教育比较研究的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2615艺术原理③3178音乐教育研究电影史论与批评的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3131电影史论与批评影视理论与现状研究的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3713中国影视现状分析电视传媒形态及产业研究的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3047电视前沿理论思潮记录电影研究的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3835纪录电影美学数字技术学与文化创意研究的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3100数字艺术电影美学与批评的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3192电影美学与批评中国电影研究的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3836中外电影历史三、导师介绍倪文东：中国书法家协会学术委员会委员、北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院书法专业教授梁玖：艺术学博士，北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院教授，博士生导师。

北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院历年考研真题汇总2001年【文艺理论】一、名词解释（每题4分）1、意境2、悲喜剧3、移情作用4、“荒诞派”戏剧5、超现实主义二、简答题（每题15分）1、如何正确理解文学形象的典型性？2、现代主义与后现代主义的异同。

三、论述题（每题25分）1、结合中外文学史，试论艺术创作与时代生活的关系。

2、对九十年代以来我国创作文化，作出自己的评价。

【中国现当代文学】一、名词解释（每题5分）1、朱自清2、小剧场戏剧3、新月诗派4、五四“自叙传”小说二、分析题（每题15分）1、分析卞之琳《断章》的含义：你在桥上看风景，看风景的在楼上看你。

明月装饰了你的窗子，你装饰了别人的梦。

2、阅读孙梨小说《嘱咐》中分别八年的夫妻第一次相见的一段描写，分析双方的情态内涵：晚色昏迷的时候，（水生）他走到自己的村边，......他在门口遇见了自己的女人，她正在那里悄悄地关闭那外面的梢门。

水生热情地叫了一声：“你!”女人一怔，睁大眼睛，咧开嘴笑了笑，就转过身去抽抽打打地哭了。

三、论述题（每题25分，三选二）1、比较分析曹禺戏剧中的曾文清、周萍的形象。

2、分析老舍笔下的祥子形象与意义。

3、你对近年中国话剧的发展现状有和认识。

【影视艺术论】一、名词解释（每题5分）1、改编的影视化原则2、导演风格3、类型片4、“新中国制片方针” 二、简答题（每题10分）1、为什么说“结构是（电影）情节的组织形式”？2、电影音响具有什么作用？3、电视传播具有那些特征？三、论述题（每题25分）1、试述长镜头理论的提出背景、造型与组合技巧的实体内容极其美学贡献。

2、站在世纪之交，谈谈你对21世纪中国影视艺术发展的认识与理解。

2002年【文艺理论】一、名词解释（每题5分）1、再造想象2、艺术直觉3、文学意象4、超现实主义二、简答题（每题15分）1、通过适当作品，简述现实主义与自然主义的区别。

2、“延安文艺座谈会上的讲话”的基本要点极其对中国现当代文学创作的影响。

育明考博全国免费咨询电话400-668-6978 QQ：493371626 QQ：2890064351 2015北京师范大学考博QQ 交流群105619820 英语群335488903 专业课群157460416北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院研究院考博招生介绍—考试内容—考试指南一、艺术与传媒学院研究院博士招生人数及名额分布：年份北师内地招生总数 （计划数） 艺术与传媒学院研究院博士招生人数 复试人数 2012年734人 12 2013年665人 11 2014年 679人 11 复试比例不超过 1:2.5注意：招生人数包含硕博连读生，研招办将在后期公布接收硕博连读生情况。

招生专业目录中公布的各院系招生名额为拟招生人数，仅供参考，录取阶段会根据生源情况、考试成绩等适当调整，可能出现个别研究方向或导师没有招生名额的情况。

二、艺术与传媒学院研究院博士招生的考试内容育明考博2014届学员成绩喜报 英语各类课程学员数873人 专业课各类课程学员239人 专业课教学测评中学员零差评 英语一对一全程32名学员全部过线 第七期考博英语集训营四个班97名学员90人过线招生专业 初试考试科目 复试考试科目130100艺术学理论1101①英语或1102俄语或1103日语2615②艺术原理3091③中外音乐史或3135中国书法史论130300戏剧与影视学1101①英语或1102俄语或1103日语2616②影视理论3131③电影史论与批评等外国语不低于50分，专业课一不低于60分，专业课二不低于60分，总分不低于190分。

实践组（复试一组）：重点考察考生实践经验及实践能力、实践案例分析。

考生进场后，自我陈述3分钟左右，然后回答案例问题，考官提问。

科研组（复试二组）：重点考察考生科研经验及科研能力、研究选题计划、综合素质。

考生进场后，陈述研究选题计划3分钟后，考官提问。

复试满分值为200分，每小组满分各为100分。

每小组及格分为60分，一组或两组成绩不及格者不予录取。

北师考研详解与指导745新闻与出版（仅供01、02方向参考）一．综合论述题：古典诗文在传统文化中的内涵？古典诗文的传播价值与传播方式？二．名词解释1.编辑方针2.反“客里空”运动3.《大清报律》4.《一个自由而负责的新闻界》5.“三社四边协定”三．简答题1.五四时期新闻事业的重大改革2.请你谈谈新闻活动的实质四.论述题：一段有关三联书店的材料，第一段说的是有很多人在晚上来到三联书店看书，第二段和第三段说的是国家对于书店的补助，第四段是书店负责人的一些言论，然后自选角度写不少于800字的评论938传播学概论一.名词解释1.消费文化2.霸权3.第二媒介时代4.“刺激——解释——反应”模式二.简答题1.简述帕洛阿尔托小组对于传播学的贡献2.简述弗洛伊德精神分析学说应用于媒介文本分析的读者主体模式和作者主体模式3.汉斯—乔治•伽达摩尔的文本阐释主要观点三.论述题：雷蒙•威廉斯在《文化分析》中提出的几种主要文化理论1、分数线出来了我该怎么办?A、高分上第一志愿→准备复试B、低分上第一志愿→准备复试/联系调剂学校C、未投上第一志愿→联系调剂/同时准备复试2、复试到底有哪些规定?每个学校根据教育部的规定，结合本校的实际情况，制定出本校复试相关规定。

附：考研网复试专题/fushi/3、复试的大致流程怎样?复试通知书(网上公布或电话通知)→准备复试的相关材料→到复试单位参加复试4、复试的具体流程怎样?报道→体检→专业笔试∕听力考试→专业面试∕英语口试→加试5、复试要带哪些材料?一定要仔细研读复试单位的相关规定。

学生证、准考证、身份证、本科成绩单(要有学校教务处公章)、毕业证、学历证、四六级证书等证书、大学期间获得的奖状或者工作期间取得的一些成果等这些一定要带。

(最好把这些资料都复印一份)，另外，最好带上一寸免冠照片几张(体检要用)6、一定要带准考证吗?最好带上，有的学校虽然没有特别说明，但在必要的时候可能会用到，比如凭准考证进入复试考场(监考人不一定是老师，有可能是秘书或者研究生，到时候真不给进就麻烦了。

2015年北京师范大学考博英语真题(总分68, 做题时间90分钟)1. Reading ComprehensionThe human ear contains the organ for hearing and the organ for balance. Both organs involve fluid-filled channels containing hair cells that produce electrochemical impulses when the hairs are stimulated by moving fluid. The ear can be divided into three regions: outer, middle, and inner. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them to the eardrum separating the outer ear from the middle ear. The middle ear conducts sound vibrations through three small bones to the inner ear. The inner ear is a network of channels containing fluid that moves in response to sound or movement. To perform the function of hearing, the ear converts the energy of pressure waves moving through the air into nerve impulses that me brain perceives as sound. Vibrating objects, such as the vocal cords of a speaking person, create waves in me surrounding air. These waves cause the eardrum to vibrate with the same frequency. The three bones of the middle ear amplify and transmit the vibrations to the oval window, a membrane on the surface of the cochlea, the organ of hearing. Vibrations of me oval window produce pressure waves in the fluid inside me cochlea. Hair cells in the cochlea convert the energy of the vibrating fluid into impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. The organ for balance is also located in the inner ear. Sensations related to body position are generated much like sensations of sound. Hair cells in the inner ear respond to changes in head position with respect to gravity and movement. Gravity is always pulling down on the hairs, sending a constant series of impulses to the brain. When the position of the head changes—as when the head bends forward—the force on the hair cells changes its output of nerve impulses. The brain then interprets these changes to determine the head's new position.1.What can be inferred about the organs for hearing and balance?A Both organs evolved in humans at the same time.B Both organs send nerve impulses to the brain.C Both organs contain the same amount of fluid.D Both organs are located in me ear's middle region.2.Hearing involves all of the following EXCEPT______.A motion of the vocal cords so that they vibrateB stimulation of hair cells in fluid-filled channelsC amplification of sound vibrationsD conversion of wave energy into nerve impulses3.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the cochlea is a part of______.A the outer earB me eardrumC the middle earD the inner ear4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4 about gravity?A Gravity has an essential role in the sense of balance.B The ear converts gravity into sound waves in the air.C Gravity is a force that originates in the human ear.D The organ for hearing is not subject to gravity.5.In this passage, the author mainly explains______.A the organs of the human earB the function of the hearingC the three regions of the earD how the ear organ performs the hearing and balanceThe geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds andis constantly modifying the face of the Earth. Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what is called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point that is sea level. The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random butis a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs—atmosphere, continent, and ocean—we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on an average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents. A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimessoils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.6.According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water______.A precipitating onto the groundB changing from a solid to a liquid stateC evaporating from the oceansD being carried by wind7.The passage suggests that the purpose of the "hydrographic network" is to______.A determine the size of molecules of waterB prevent soil erosion caused by floodingC move water from the Earth's surface to the oceansD regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers8.What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?A The potential energy contained in water.B The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds.C The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents.D The relative size of the water storage areas.9.All of the following are examples of soluble ions EXCEPT______.A magnesiumB ironC potassiumD calcium10.The word "efficiency" in line 21 is closest in meaning to______.A relationshipB growthC influenceD effectivenessScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough. Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such anunfortunate star's life, as it veered towards a supermassive black hole. When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur. The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. " There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star's matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star's matter out of the black hole's reach, he says. The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought mat several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays. If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US2. "It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says. Brassart agrees. "Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it's something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US3, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.11.Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A The black hole could tear apart the star.B The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C The black hole could dwindle its size considerably.D The black hole could devour the star.12.According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of ______.A whether nuclear reaction would occurB whether the stars would increase its density and temperatureC whether shock waves would occurD whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars13.According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B The star would be destroyed completely.C Much of the star's matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole's reach.D The black hole would completely devour the star.14.What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?A The star's matter will move further away from by the black hole.B The black hole's matter will heat up.C The torn star's matter will swirl into the black hole.D The black hole's matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.15.According to the context, the word "disruption" in Paragraph 6 means______.A confusionB tearing apartC interruptionD flatteningOur culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that " Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are making us lose friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer —who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all America is the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a moresignificant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.16.It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably______.A stand stillB jump asideC step forwardD draw back17.The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their______.A cultural self-centerednessB casual mannersC indifference towards foreign visitorsD arrogance towards other countries18.In countries other than their own most Americans______.A are isolated by the local peopleB are not well informed due to the language barrierC tend to get along well with the nativesD need interpreters in hotels and restaurants19.According to the author, Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will______.A affect their image in the new eraB cut themselves off from the outside worldC limit their role in world affairsD weaken the position of the US dollar20.The author's intention in writing this article is to make Americans realizethat______.A it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD it is time to get acquainted with other culturesHistorians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in 18th-century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm's remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and children's toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries? An answer to the first of these hasbeen difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of 18th-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general; for example, laboring people in eighteenth-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries. To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. McKendrick favors a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The "middling sort" bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism(a preoccupation with or stress upon material rather than intellectual or spiritual things), but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition. Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? McKendrick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What, for example, does the production of high-quality pottery and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills? It is perfectly possible to have the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector. That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: the insatiable demand in eighteenth-century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world.21.In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably in order to ______.A contrast their views on the subject of luxury consumerism in 18th-century EnglandB indicate the inadequacy of historiographical approaches to 18th-century English historyC give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumerism in 18th-century EnglandD support the contention that key questions about 18th-century consumerism remain to be answered22.Which of the following items, if preserved from 18th-century England, would provide an example of the kind of documents mentioned in lines 3-4, Paragraph 2?A A written agreement between a supplier of raw materials and a supplier of luxury goods.B A diary that mentions luxury goods and services purchased by its author.C A theater ticket stamped with the date and name of a particular play.D A payroll record from a company that produced luxury goods such as pottery.23.According to the text, Thompson attributes to laboring people in 18th-century England which of the following attitudes toward capitalist consumerism?A Enthusiasm.B Curiosity.C Ambivalence.D Hostility.24.In the third paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with______.A contrasting two theses and offering a compromiseB questioning two explanations and proposing a possible alternative to themC paraphrasing the work of two historians and questioning their assumptionsD examining two theories and endorsing one over the other25.According to the text, 18th-century England and the contemporary world of the text readers are______.A dissimilar in the extent to which luxury consumerism could be said to be widespread among the social classesB dissimilar in their definitions of luxury goods and servicesC dissimilar in the extent to which luxury goods could be said to be stimulant of industrial developmentD similar in their strong demand for a variety of goods and servicesPity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then, most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenings. The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates; until recently, only about 25% of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC's response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10% ; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics — including Oxford University, the London Schoolof Economics and the London Business School. Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finis their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics. The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies. The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.26.By time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time, ______.A most of them died of some sicknessB their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their jobsC most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subjectD most of their grants run out27.Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive PhD grants from ESRC, because the completion rate of its PhD students' theses within four years is lower than ______.A 25%B 40%C 39%D 10%28.All the following statements are the arguments against ESRC's policy EXCEPT______.A all the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negativeB there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topicsC many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their diesesD some polytechnics are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance29.The ESRC would prefer______.A that me students were carrying out purely knowledge-based studies rather than being trained as researchersB to see higher standards of PhD students' theses and more ambitious doctoral topicsC more systematic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on inexperienced young PhD studentsD that PhD students were less modest in their aims30.What the ESRC can do is to______.A force departments to give graduates more teaching timeB try to persuade universities to change their waysC dictate me standard of diesis required by external examinersD note mat students want more research training and less elaborate style of thesis2. English-Chinese Translation1.Washington Irving grasped this fact nearly a hundred years ago when he wrote: "The stranger who would form a correct opinion of English character must go forth into the country. He must sojourn in villages and hamlets; he must visit castles, villas, farmhouses, cottages; he must wander through parks and gardens, along hedges and green lanes; he must loiter about country churches, attend wakes and fairs and other rural festivals, and cope with me people in all their conditions and all their habits and humors. "2.The impact of decentralization trends, of course, extends well beyond cities. Sprawling development patterns are destabilizing many of the suburbs that surround America's cities. Older suburbs are experiencing the same challenges as cities: failing schools, persistent crime, and the loss of jobs and businesses to other, further out suburbs. Even suburban areas that are developing rapidly are finding that explosive growth has its drawbacks, especially in the form of overcrowded schools, but also in long commutes and the inability of local governments to pay for new roads, sewers, and other infrastructure.3. Chinese-English Translation1.发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。

考博详解与指导北京师范大学2015年博士生招生专业目录单位代码：10027地址：艺术楼422室邮政编码：100875联系部门：艺术与传媒学院电话：58809248联系人：邵峰专业代码、名称及研究方向招生导师招生人数考试科目备注029艺术与传媒学院10 130100艺术学理论01艺术史（书法史论）倪文东1①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2615艺术原理③3135中国书法史论02艺术教育研究梁玖1①1101英语或1102俄语②2615艺术原理③3177艺术教育社会学03音乐教育比较研究郭兰兰1①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2615艺术原理③3178音乐教育研究130300戏剧与影视学01电影史论与批评黄会林1①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3131电影史论与批评02影视理论与现状研究周星1①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3713中国影视现状分析03电视传媒形态及产业研究于丹1①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3047电视前沿理论思潮04纪录电影研究张同道1①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3835纪录电影美学05数字艺术学与文化创意研究肖永亮1①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3100数字艺术06电影美学与史可扬1①1101英语或1102俄语或1103批评日语②2616影视理论③3192电影美学与批评07中国电影研究陈晓云*1①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2616影视理论③3836中外电影历史第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。

北师大文艺学考博试题2001：一、简释： 1.反映论文学观 2.主题论文学观 3.文本论文学观 4.价值论文学观二、论述题.1.论述文学作品和生活客体之间的制约于超越关系同2002 12.马克思在《资本论》的第四卷《剩余价值理论》中强调，要考察一定社会形态下的自由的精神生产，就要历史地考察该社会形态下特殊的物质生产方式本身，并提出“资本主义生产就同某些精神生产部门如艺术和诗歌相敌对”的观点。

请你谈谈对这一观点的理解。

*（原题重现）3.评述英美“新批评”派的理论贡献及其理论局限。

*（原题重现）2002：1.论述文学作品和生活客体之间的制约于超越关系（2001同）2.文学艺术和社会生产之间的不平横关系3.举例说明英美“新批评”派文艺美学的主要理论主张北大2003年文艺学试题（中国文学批评史方向）专业卷一简答题 1 简述汉代对屈原的评论 2 试论颜之推的文学观 3 试评王士祯的神韵说4 简述朱彝尊的词论二论述题 1 比较韩愈苏轼文学观的异同 2 间论钱谦益的文学观专业基础卷一文学理论 1 简述风格的形成 2 试论诗学中的真（原题就是这样，简直触目惊心）二古代文学 1 试评晋宋山水诗（也许是玄言，记不真切，反正两者联系很大）2 简议《儒林外史》在中国小说世上的突出地位2003:文艺理论方向 1.论述文学价值的生成和实现2.结合中外文论中的有关论述谈谈文学与语言的关系3.谈谈亚里士多德《诗学》中的文艺本质论观点2004年文艺学专业文艺学方向试题一、从文学原理的角度，谈谈文学和文学理论的区别。

二、试论作家的历史观与其文学创作的关系。

三、名词解释（50分）1、得意忘言2、以意逆志3、穷而后工4、艺术生产5、典型环境中的典型人物6、美学的和历史的观点7、直觉主义8、俄国形式主义9、结构主义10、新历史主义2005文艺理论方向专业基础试题一、名词解释：每个4分，共20分。

桐城派文学研究会恶之花第二十二条军规建安风骨二、简答题：20分。