职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-3

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-201、RobotsThe most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.In Britain robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.The reliability of robots is measured in their MTBF or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small .sample.The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. One programmed robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume________.【单选题】A.too much energyB.based on American designsC.they are too costlyD.they are not reliableE.quality controlF.free of charge正确答案:A答案解析:首先根据语法知识，及物动词consume后加名词作宾语，排除选项B、C、D。

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-131、Three Ways to Become More CreativeMost people believe they don't have much imagination. They are wrong. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it. Creativity isn't always connected with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time routinely think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! There are three techniques to help you.This technique involves taking unrelated ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words associated with candles, light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the ideas to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original present; you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night. Imagine thatnormal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If, for example, your goal is to learn to ski (滑雪), you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now adapt this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.Look at the situation from a different point of view. Good negotiators (谈判者) use this technique in business, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the characters in their books. They ask questions: what does this character want? Why can't she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? What does she dream about? If your goal involves other people, put yourself "in their shoes". The best fishermen think they are the fish!According to the passage, when we become adults ____.【单选题】A.we can still learn to be more creativeB.most of us are no longer creativeC.we are not as imaginative as childrenD.we are unwilling to be creative正确答案:A答案解析:本题难度不大，不要先看选项，吃透题干意思，回到原文定位，答案就在文章开头：Most people believe they don't have much imagination. They are wrong. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it. 句意不难理解，选项里creative替换了原文的imagination，最佳答案是A。

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-1051、G8 SummitLeaders of the Group of Eight Major Industrialized Nations (G8) will meet in Scotland in July this year. Representatives from China, India, Mexico, South Africa and Brazil have also been invited. Here's what the G8 leaders want from the meeting. British Prime Minister Tony Blair wants the G8 to cancel debt to the world's poorest countries. He wants them to double aid to Africa to 50 billion pounds by 2010. He has also proposed reducing subsidies to Western farmers and removing restrictions on African exports. This has not got the approval of all members because it will hurt their agricultural interests. On climate change, Blair wants concerted (共同的) action by reducing carbon emissions (排放).US President George W. Bush agrees to give help to Africa. But he says he doesn't like the idea of increasing aid to countries as it will increase corruption. Bush said he would not sign anagreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions at the summit, according to media. The US is the only G8 member not to have signed the Kyoto Protocol(《京都议定书》). Although the US is the world's biggest polluter, Bush so far refuses to believe there is sufficient scientific data to establish beyond a doubt that there is a problem.French President Jacques Chirac supports Blair on Africa and climate change. He is determined to get the US to sign the climate change deal.German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder remains doubtful of Blair's Africa proposals. Schroder's officials have dismissed the notion that money will solve Africa's problems as"old thinking". Berlin says that African states should only receive extra money if they can prove they've solved the corruption problem. Russian President Vladimir Putin was doubtful about the value of more aid to Africa. But he has seen a way to make this work to his advantage. Putin intends to use the aid to Africa as a springboard (跳板) next year to propose aid to the former Soviet Republics of Georgia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Moldova.Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's priorities are a seat on the UN Security Council, for which he will be lobbying (游说)at the summit. And he's concerned about the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's nuclear weapons programme. Bush agrees to increase aid to Africa.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:B答案解析:根据主语Bush可以确定答案出自第三段。

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-1031、DyslexiaAs many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way. One of the world's great thinkers and scientists, Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 year ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain, the part that controls language is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right’ side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference.However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males that in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:A答案解析:题目中的关键词是one out of five和American children. 根据顺序出题的特点，我们很快在原文第1段中找到答案，其中one out of是20%的同义改写，American children 是all children in the United States的同义改写，因此该题的答案为A。

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-139阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

In Sports, Red Is the Winning ColorWhen opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win,according to a new study.British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Grec0-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout."Where there was a large point difference- presumably because one contestant was far superior to the other -- color had no effect on the outcome," Barton said. "Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say. Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrow's issueof the journal Nature.Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her,adding that "the idea of the study is very clever".Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates--"red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone levels," Barton said.For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance.Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that "there might be a similar effect in humans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests."The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans' response to color.Setchell, the primatologist, agrees. "As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when we're scared. These are very important signals to other individuals," she said.The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports -- "though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least," Barton said.He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestalwith an unintended advantage."That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case," Barton said.Meanwhile, Setchell noted tongue-in-cheek that a red advantage may not be limited to sports. "Going by the recent [U.S.] election results, red is indeed quite successful," she said.16. Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned。

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-1061、How to Be a Successful BusinesspersonHave you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here's a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants.Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane.At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for a company that rented cars.While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental (租赁的) company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as a cook's assistant. His job was to clean the kitchenand help the cook. "I didn't like it," Mr. Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could."One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant.A few months later, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a. m. to 10 p.m. , seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of the building, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn't planning to stop there. He's looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess," Mr. Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up. "To save a failing restaurant, Mr. Kazi did all the following things, EXCEPT to________.【单选题】A.clean it upB.improve the foodC.retrain the employeesD.advertize for it正确答案:D答案解析:细节考查题。

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-141、One-Room SchoolsOne-room schools are part of the heritage of the United States, and the mention of them makes people feel a longing for "the way things were." One - room schools are an endangered species (种类), however. For more than a hundred years, one - room schools have been systematically shut down and their students were sent away to centralized schools. As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one - room schools in the United States. By 1970 there were 1,800. Today, of the nearly 800 remaining one - room schools, more than 350 are in Nebraska. The rest are spread through a few other states that have on their road maps wide - open spaces between towns.Now that there are hardly any left, educators are beginning to think that maybe there is something yet to be learned from one - room schools, something that served the pioneers that might serve as well today. Progressive educators have come up with new names like "peer - group teaching" and "multi - age grouping" for educational procedures that occur naturally in theone - room schools. In a one - room school the children teach each other because the teacher is busy part of the time teaching someone else. The fourth grader can work at the fifth grade level in math and the third grade level in English without the bad name associated with being left back or the pressures of being skipped (超过) ahead. A youngster with a learning disability can find his or her own level without being separated from other pupils. A few hours in a small school that has only one classroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska is that their children have to go to a one - room school.It can be learned from paragraph 2 that many parents in Nebraska ____.【单选题】A.don't like centralized schoolse from other statesC.received education in one - room schoolsD.prefer rural life正确答案:A答案解析:本题有一定的难度，考生不太好定位，需要认真读第二段找答案。

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-331、Britain's Solo SailorEllen MacArthur started sailing when she was eight, going out on sailing trips with her aunt. She loved it so much that she saved her money for three years to buy her first small sailing boat. When she was 18, she sailed alone around Britain and won the "Young Sailor of the Year" award.Ellen became famous in 2001. Aged only 24, she was one of the only two women who entered the Vendee Globe round the world solo race, which lasts 100 days. Despite of many problems, she came the second in the race out of 24 competitors and she was given a very warm welcome when she returned.Ambition and determination have always been a big part of Ellen's personality. When she was younger, she lived in a kind of hut (棚屋) for three years while she was trying to get sponsorship to compete in a transatlantic race. Then she took a one - way ticket to France, bought a tiny seven meter Class Mini yacht (游艇), slept under it while she was repairing it, and thenshe raced it 4,000 kilometres across the Atlantic in 1997, alone for 33 days.Ellen has to learn many things, because sailing single - handed means that she has to be her own captain, electrician, sailmaker, engineer, doctor, journalist, cameraman and cooker, She also has to be very fit, and because of the dangers of sleeping for long periods of time she's in the middle of the ocean, she has trained herself to sleep for about 20 minutes at a time.And she needs courage. Once, in the middle of the ocean, she had to climb the mast (桅杆) of a boat to repair the sails at four o'clock in the morning, with 100 kph winds blowing around her. It took her many hours to make the repairs, Ellen says: "I was exhausted when came down. It's hard to describe how it feels to be up there. It's like trying to hold onto a big pole, which for me is just too big to get my arms around, with someone kicking you all the time and trying to shake you off".But in her diary, Ellen also describes moments which is worthwhile (值得的) :"A beautiful sunrise started the day, with black clouds slowly lit by the bright yellow sun. I have a very strong feeling of pleasure, being out here on the ocean and having the chance to live this. I just feel lucky to be here."The word "solo" in the title could be best replaced by ____.【单选题】A.single - handedB.self - madeC.one performerD.self - starter正确答案:A答案解析:本题是词义题，难度不大，考查的是基本意义，不需要查询引申意义。

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-421、Desirable Qualities in a TeacherHere I want to try to give you an answer to the question: What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? Probably no two people would draw up exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally accepted.First, the teacher's personality should be pleasantly live and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically plain, or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm. I would say that excludes all of dull or purely negative personality. I still stick to what I said in my earlier book: that school children probably suffer more from bores than from brutes.Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a great capacity for sympathy in the literal meaning of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, to the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant not indeed, of what is wrong, but offrailty （脆弱) and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes. Thirdly, I hold ____ essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a plaster saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths.【单选题】A.itB.thatC.whichD.what正确答案:A答案解析:此处为“hold+ it+ adj. +to do”固定结构，it作hold 的形式宾语。

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-1041、Indian's NamesEach Indian was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to earn one for himself. But his playmates would always give him a name of their own. No matter what his parents called him, his childhood friends would use the name they had chosen. Often it was not pleasing, such as Bow Legs or Bad Boy. But sometimes a name fit so well that the youngster found it difficult to shake it off. If he could not earn a better one from a war later, he could be stuck with a name like Bow Legs for the rest of his life.The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough for his first fight against the enemy. His life name depended on how he acted during this first battle. When he returned from the war, the whole tribe would gather and observe the ceremony in which he would be given his name by the chief. If he had done well, he would get a good name. Otherwise he might be called Crazy Wolf or Man-Afraid-of-a Horse. So anIndian's name told his record or described the kind of man he was.A man was given many chances to improve his name, however, if in a later battle he was brave in fighting against the enemy, he was given a better name. Some of our great fighters had as many as twelve names, all good and each better than the last. An Indian's names belonged to him for the rest of his life. No one else could use them. Even he himself could not give them away because names were assigned by the tribe, not the family. So no man could pass on his name unless the chief and the tribe asked him to do so.Sometimes an Indian would be asked to give his name to a son who had performed a noticeable deed. I know of only three or four times when this happened. It is the rarest honor for a person -the honor of assuming his father's name.If an Indian had more than ten names, it meant that_____.【单选题】A.many people in the tribe liked him.B.he was a great fighter.C.he had a lot of friends.D.he had fought in fewer than ten battles.正确答案:B答案解析:由第3段可知印度人有很多机会改进名字，如果下一次战争中表现出色就会得到更好的名字。