2019年全国职称英语等级考试大纲

前言《全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲》是专业技术人员参加全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试复习的重要资料。

根据近年来英语考试情，我们组织专家对该大纲进行了审定，该大纲继续遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，删减了部分篇幅，对词汇做了部分调整，其专业类别和等级划分不变，即：综合、理工、卫重3个专业类别和A、B、C3个等级。

专业技术人员可根据自己所从事的专业和需求，申报相应类别和级别的考试。

参加考试大纲编写的专家为：刘润清、韩宝成、高秋薄、白勇、朱莉莉、李建华、柳淑华、卢志鸿、沙丽金、崔刚等同志。

主持考试大纲修改的专家为：刘润清、韩宝成同志。

参加考试大纲审定的专家为：方立、戴炜华、张彦斌、邱陶生、曹精华等同志。

值此，我们向参加大纲编写、审定的专家及有关人员表感谢。

人事部专业技术人员管理司2007年11月全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲一、概述全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。

本考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和使用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类和卫生类，每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试于每年4月份举行。

A、B、C三个等级考试的总分各为l00分，考试时间均为2小时。

二、评价目标全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。

考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报C 级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2019年版)I. 考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录精品文档，你值得期待取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II .考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2. 词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2. 写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

III. 考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲一、等级的划分全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分四个类别：综合与人文、理工、卫生、财经，每个类别各分A、B、C三个等级。

每个级别的试卷内容，除综合与人文外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50％。

申报A级的人员在两小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报B级的人员在两个小时内应完成2 500 词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报C级的人员在两小时内应完成1 800词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。

二、评价目标考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。

考试对应试者的英语词会量、英语语法知识和阅读理解能力的要求分别如下：词汇考试所涉及的词和短语主要根据本大纲所附词汇表.对申报不同级别的应试者要求认知的词汇量不等。

1.申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和短语；2.申报B级的人员应认知5 000个左右的单词和短语；3.申报C级的人员应认知4 000个左右的单词和短语；(二)语法知识虽然没有专考语法知识的题型，但应试者必须懂得英语基本语法结构和常用句型，能正确理解用这些和句型写成的句子。

要求掌握的基本语法知识包括：1.英语句子的基本语序及其意义；2.英语句子的结构和常用句型；3.各种时体的变化及其意义；4.各种从句的构成和意义；5.句子之间的所指、省略、替代、重复、逻辑关系等。

阅读理解能力应试者综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解本专业或一般的英语书面材料。

阅读能力主要包括下列几个方面：1．掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2．了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；3．根据上下文某些词汇和短语的意义；4．既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系；5．根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引伸；6．领会作者的观点、意图和态度。

三、各级题型、题量和分值一览表题型级别词汇阅读理解完成句子选择填空概括大意完形填空合计题量分值题量分值题量分值题值分值题量分值题题分值量分值A级20 20 1545 5 15 20 2060 100 B级20 20505 1010 20 60 100 C级20 2025 50510102060100C级第一部分：词汇共二十小题，每个小题下面有四个。

职称英语考试内容介绍职称英语A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。

考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。

第1部分词汇选项第1-15题每题1分共15分考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。

本部分为15个句子每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第2部分阅读判断第16-22题每题1分共7分考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。

本部分为1篇300-450词的短文短文后列出7个句子有的句子提供的是正确信息有的'句子提供的是错误信息有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。

要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

第3部分概括大意与完成句子第23-30题每题1分共8分考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。

本部分为1篇300-450词的短文有2项测试任务1短文后有6个段落小标题要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题2短文后有4个不完整的句子要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。

第4部分阅读理解第31-45题每题3分共45分考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。

本部分为3篇文章每篇300-450词每篇文章后有5道题。

要求应试者根据文章的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

第5部分补全短文第46-50题每题2分共10分考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握 ___思路的能力。

本部分为1篇300-450词的短文文中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字其中5组取自文章本身。

要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其放回相应位置以恢复文章原貌。

第6部分完形填空第51-65题每题1分共15分考查应试者正确把握文章内容以及在一定语境中准确使用词语的能力。

本部分为1篇300-450词的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

2019高考全国卷英语考试大纲word版The 2019 nal College XXX (Word n)Assessment Objectives and RequirementsI。

Language KnowledgeCandidates are required to master and apply basic knowledge of English ics。

vocabulary。

grammar。

as well as nal ideas and topics learned (see Appendices 1-5)。

The vocabulary requirement is around 3,500 words.II。

Language Use1.ListeningXXX:1) Understand the main idea;2) Obtain specific factual n;3) XXX;4) Understand the speaker's intent。

viewpoint。

and attitude.2.ReadingCandidates are required to read short passages on general topics from books。

newspapers。

magazines。

as well as notices。

ns。

and advertisements。

XXX n。

They should be able to:1) Understand the main idea;2) Understand specific n in the text;3) XXX;4) Make judgments and inferences;5) Understand the basic structure of the text;6) Understand the author's intent。

职称英语考试A级考试大纲词汇（一）abbreviationn.节略，缩写，缩短abidevi. 遵守,坚持aboriginala.(指动植物)土生的，原产地的；土著的abrupta. 突然的,唐突的,无礼的,不连贯的absurda.荒谬的，荒诞的，荒唐可笑的；不合理的accessoryn.附件；附属品；从犯，帮凶，同谋acida.酸的，酸性的 n.酸adherevi.依附，附着；坚持adjacenta.邻近的，毗连的adjoinvt.贴近，毗连；靠近adolescentn. 青少年(此处是类比)adventn．到来，来临adversea.不利的，相反的，敌对的aeriala.空气的；航空的affirmvt.断言，肯定aislen. 走廊,侧廊alerta.警惕的，警觉的；机灵的alienn.外侨，外国人；外星人 a.外国的；相异的alienatevt. 使疏远,离间,让与alignvi. 排列,排成一行,结盟alleviatev．缓和，减轻allocatevt.分配，配给allowancen.津贴；零用钱alternatev.(使)交替，(使)轮流 a.交替的，轮流的ambiguousa.模棱两可的amendvt.修改，修订，修正，改进amplea.充分的，富裕的；宽敞的amplifyvt.放大，增大，扩大analogn.模拟analystn.分析者，善于分析者；化验员analytica. 分析的,解析的animatevt. 使有生气,赋予生命anonymousa.无名的，匿名的antarctica.南极(区)的 n.(the A-)南极洲，南极圈Antarctican. 南极洲antennan.天线anthropologyn．人类学apen. 猿applausen.鼓掌欢迎，欢呼appliancen.器具，器械，装置appraisaln.评价，估价apprenticevt. 使当学徒aptituden. 资质,才能,自然倾向arcn.弧，弓形物；弧光archaeologyn.考古学arctica.北极的 n.(the A-)北极assimilatev．同化，吸收astronomern.天文学家astronomyn.天文学asylumn.救济院，收容所；避难所，庇护所attendantn.服务员，值班员，护理人员attentivea.注意的，留神的；周到的，殷勤的audiblea. 听得见的authoritativeadj.权威性的,命令式的automatevt.使自动化autonomyn.自治，自治权；人身自由，自主权auxiliarya.辅助的，备用的axisn.轴badgen.徽章；标记；标识；象征badmintonn.羽毛球balconyn.阳台；(剧院的)楼座，二楼包厢balda.秃的；明显的，不加掩饰的baronn.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王barrena.贫瘠的；不妊的bearingn.轴承；意义，举止beforehandad.预先；提前地bellyn.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛biasn.偏见 vt.使有偏见bibliographyn.文献学，binaryn.二进位的blazev. 炽燃；n. 火焰blinkvi. 眨眼睛blossomn.花，开花 vi.开花blunta.不利的，钝的；直率的 vt.把…弄钝blushn.脸红，愧色 v.脸红，羞愧boroughn.享有自治权的市镇；(英)自治市镇boundn.跳，边界 v.弹跳；限定 a.开往…breakdownn.(精神、健康)垮下来；损坏；倒塌briben.行贿的财物 v.贿赂briberyn.行贿或受贿brittlea.脆的；易损坏的broomn. 扫帚bubblen.水泡，气泡 vi.冒泡，沸腾Buddhistn. 佛教徒buffern.起缓冲作用的人(或物)，缓冲器 vt.缓冲bulbn.电灯泡；球状物bulgev．n．膨胀，突出bulletinn.公告，电子布告栏bumpn.碰撞，颠簸；肿块 v.碰撞，颠簸buzzn.嗡嗡声 v.(使)嗡嗡响；按铃叫人；低飞过cafeterian.自助餐厅calculusn.微积分calibratev．量…口径，标准。

2019年职称英语考试综合类C级概括大意3 Museums in the Modern WorldMuseums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now.At a science museum in Ontario， Canada， you can feelyour hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City，you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden， you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show， museums are reaching out to new audiences，particularly the young， the poor， and the less educated members of the population. As a result， attendance is increasing.More and more， museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums， for example，there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch，listen， operate， and experiment so as to discoverscientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experimentwith glass blowing and paper making. The purpose is not onlyto provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it， and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage. Many museums nowprovide educational services and children s departments. In addition to the usual displays， they also offer filmshowings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one “should” visit， they are places to enjoy.One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young peopleare college students or college graduates. They are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look atworks of are; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US， certain groupswho formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups， like young people in general， have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups， and the rest of the population as well， have been influenced by television， which has taught them about other places andother times.The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone， there are now more than 6，000 museums，almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About halfof them are devoted to history， and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors，according to the American Association of museums， has risento more than 700 million a year.In fact， the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem. Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive， but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raisingtheir prices. Even when raised， however， entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum， with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.1. Paragraph 2________.2. Paragraph 3________.3. Paragraph 4________.4. Paragraph 5________.A Causes of changesB Increasing number of museums and visitorsC Museums getting closer to more spectatorsD Movies shown in museumsE New notions about the management of museumsF Places to visit5. Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few， but________.6. With the development of society， people， especially the young people， _________.7. To meet the needs of society， more museums________.8. Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they ________.A have higher demands of museumsB are open to more people with different social backgroundC to lengthen their opening hoursD charge too little for admissionE have been built and open to public答案： CEABBAED。

2019年职称英语综合类教材新增部分内容完整版第一部分词汇选项〔两篇〕词汇学习 1：1.Will you please call my husband as soon as possible?A)contact B)consultC)phone D)visit2. We’ll give every teacher space to develop.A)chance B)employmentC)room D)opportunity3. I have to go at once.A)soon B)immediatelyC)now D)early4. The policeman asked him to identify the thief.A)name B)distinguishC)capture D)separate5. We were all there when the accident occurred.A)happened B)brokeC)spread D)appeared6. It took me exactly a week to complete the work.A)do B)achieveC)improve D)finish7. The herb medicine eventually cured her disease.A)nicely B)apparentlyC)finally D)naturally8. We had a long conversation about her parents.A)talk B)speechC)debate D)discussion9. Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting.A)go to B)prepare forC)speak to D)do to10. They have made up his mind to give up smoking.A)tried B)attemptC)agreed D)decided11.Your teacher will take you illness into account when making your exams.A)calculation B)computationC)consideration D)assessment12. We have to put up with her behavior.A)tolerate B)acceptC)swallow D)take13. They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning.A) ended B) abandonedC) built D)strengthen14. I seldom watch TV.A) rarely B) frequentlyC) normally D) occasionally15. The dentist has decided to take out the girl's bad tooth.A) dig B) drawC) pull D) extract答案：1. C2. C3. B4. A5. A6. D7. C8. A9. A 10. D11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.D词汇练习6：*1. With immense relief, I stopped running.A) much B) enormousC) little D) extensive*2. The scientists began to accumulate a huge mass of data.A) build up B) put upC) make up D) clear up*3. When Jack eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane.A) skipped B) passedC) reached D) led*4. Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A) possible B) profitableC) easy D) wise*5. Data from Voyager II have presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists.A) problem B) mysteryC) question D) point*6. He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee.A) spread B) openC) show D) examine*7. Why can't you stop your eternal complaining!A) everlasting B) longC) monotonous D) lengthy*8. This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.A) describes B) drawsC) writes D) introduces*9. The telephone system is no longer operative.A) running B) movingC) rotating D) working*10. Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquakeA) shaken B) fallenC) damaged D) trembled*11. The latest car model embodies many new improvements.A) consists of B) includesB) makes up D) marks*12. Thick clouds obscured the stars from view..A) darkened B) heldC) blackened D) prevent*13. The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out into the street.A) disallow B) reduceC) prevent D) confine*14. The discovery was sensational.A) sexy B) surprisingC) exceptional D) exciting*15. After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour. A) walk B) restC) bath D) breath答案：1. B2. A3. B4. D5. B6. C7. A8. A9. D 10. C11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.A第二部分阅读判断第一篇A New StartAfter Christmas comes the anti-Christmas. If the festive season is all about filing up on the things you like that are bad for you, then the new year is the ‘detox season' - when people across the western world adopt special diets to lose weight and get rid of the vague feeling that they have spent the last few weeks poisoning themselves.But are detox diets really necessary? After all, the body itself gets rid of unwanted substances. That's what the liver and kidney are for."The detox fad - or fads, as there are many methods - is an example of the capacity of people to believe in and pay for magic despite the lack of any sound evidence1," says Martin Wiseman, professor of human nutrition at the University of Southampton in the UK.Most of the pills, juices, teas and oils that are sold for their detoxifying effects on the body have no scientific foundation for their claims, according to the research. People would be better off having a glass of water and going to bed early.Detox diets may be magic rather science, but they are the kind of magic which many people want to perform. That may have something to do with the westen diet in general.Scientists and dieticians argue that the benefits people feel are not due to their body getting rid of excessive toxins but are due to changing from what is likelyto have been a 'poor' diet.Having fewer headaches, for example, is probably the result of being fully hydrated due to drinking so much water and better skin may be due to eating more fruit and vegetables.Detox diets may also be dangerous, as they may deprive vulnerable groups –pregnant women, for instance, or growing teenagers - of the kind of nutrients they need.Yet their popularity continues to rise. This may be something to do with the way that food works within many western cultures2. Generally, a country's food develops along with its economy and society. Food becomes part of a person's cultural identity.In some countries, this link has been broken. In the UK, for example, rapid industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries saw millions of people move from the countryside to the towns interrupting the development of a national cuisine. The United States, a country of immigrants from many different places, has foundit hard to develop a national cuisine: In both places, comparatively few people cookfor themselves and food supply is .dominated by big processing and agribusiness companies.Detox diets are more popular in these countries than in places like France and Italy, where strong links between food and national culture remain, and where far more people regularly cook for themselves instead of buying processed foods.Perhaps detox diets are successful because many westerners have lost mast in what they eat. On the other hand, they may help re-introduce people to the kind of food that is necessary for a healthy diet. And after learning that, they won't poison themselves in the first place.This would mean radical changes in the way that people eat across the west. And that would be an unwelcome development for the food industry. From the business pointof view, it is much better to sell people the problem and then sell them the solution.词汇：Detox v. & n. 解毒、去毒fad n.风尚dietician n.饮食学家hydrate v.水化，使吸水cuisine n. 烹饪术agribusiness n. 农业综合经营注释：1. the capacity of people to believe in and pay for magic despite the lack of anysound evidence人们在缺乏证据的情况下相信魔法，并情愿为之付出代价的习性2. This may be something to do with the way that food works within many westerncultures.这可能和食物在许多西方文化中的地位有关。

2019 年职称英语考试综合教材概括大意第二篇下面的短文有15 处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定 1 个选项。

Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities[ 气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险]A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao.She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and （51）development.She warns that many of the world ‘s fast -growing urban areas,especially in developing countries.will likely suffer from the （52）of changing climate.Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to （53）emissions of carbondioxide and other greenhouse gases.These gases are known to affect the atmosphere."Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound （54）to the growing cities of the world," says Romero Lankao. "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."Cities are （55）sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao ‘ s findingshighlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable,and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term（56）.The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater （57）for naturaldisasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat （58）paved cities more than surrounding areas.The impacts of such natural events can be more （59）in an urban environment.For example,a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution,causing widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may （60）basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads,are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing （61）access toreliable drinking water,roads and basic services.Local governments,therefore ,should take measures to （62）their residents."Unfortunately,they tend to move towards rhetoric （63）meaningful responses,Romero Lankao writes," They don ‘t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning（64）. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact,many local governments are taking a hands —off approach." （65）,she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities51. （）A urbanB industrialC economicD rural[ 参考答案]A[ 解析] 根据前文的A new examination of urban policies, 且全文都在谈关于城市的问题, 多次出现cities,urban, 所以此处应该选urban, 表明Lanka0 是一位环境变化与城市规划方面的专家。

2019年鞍山英语考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。

附录 1 语音项目表1、基本读音（1）26个字母的读音（2）元音字母在重读音节中的读音（3）元音字母在轻读音节中的读音（4）元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音（5）常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音（6）辅音字母组合的读音（7）辅音连缀的读音（8）成节音的读音2、重音（1）单词重音（2）句子重音3、读音的变化（1）连读（2）失去爆破（3）弱读（4）同化4、语调与节奏（1）意群与停顿（2）语调（3）节奏5、语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6、朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7、主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录：语法项目表1、名词（1）可数名词及其单复数（2）不可数名词（3）专有名词（4）名词所有格2、代词（1）人称代词（2）物主代词（3）反身代词（4）指示代词（5）不定代词（6）疑问代词3、数词（1）基数词（2）序数词4、介词和介词短语5、连词6、形容词（比较级和最高级）7、副词（比较级和最高级）8、冠词9、动词（1）动词的基本形式（2）系动词（3）及物动词和不及物动词（4）助动词（5）情态动词10、时态（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时11、被动语态12、非谓语动词（1）动词不定式（2）动词的－ing形式（3）动词的－ed形式13、构词法（1）合成法（2）派生法（3）转化法（4）缩写和简写14、句子种类（1）陈述句（2）疑问句（3）祈使句（4）感叹句15、句子成分（1）主语（2）谓语（3）表语（4）宾语（5）定语（6）状语（7）补语16、简单句的基本句型17、主谓一致18、并列复合句19、主从复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句（4）主语从句（5）表语从句20、间接引语21、省略22、倒装23、强调24、虚拟语气。

2019年职称英语考试语法知识储备：动名词
非谓语动词的用法详解，能够协助考生更好的掌握非谓语动词的相
关考点，为实行阅读学习打下良好的语法基础。

非谓语动词也叫非限定动词或动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词主
要包括动名词、不定式和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓
语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，具有动词的部分语法特征，能够承担
句子的任何成分。

一、动名词
1.定义：
动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构，其构成的形
式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing。

2.功能：
动名词(或动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用，可用作主语、表语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语)和定语等。

(1)作主语
e.g. Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

(2)作表语
e.g. In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在
蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。

(3)作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)
e.g. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我
们必须阻止空气被污染。

(4)作定语
e.g·He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。

3.考点：
动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接实行考察，而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中，然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。

所以，考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。

2019年职称英语考试理工类C级词汇73 style [stail]n.风格，文体;时尚，流行式样;种类，类型subject ['s8bd9ikt]n.主题 a.容易患(感冒等)的 vt.使服从substance ['s8bst4ns]n.物质;实质，本质;要义，主要部分substitute ['s8bstitju：t]n.代用品，代替者 vt.用...代替，代以suburb ['s8b4：b]n.[pl.]郊区，市郊subway ['s8bwei]n.地铁;地下人行道succeed [s4k'si：d]vt.接替 vi.成功;继承;接着发生success [s4k'ses]n.成功，成就，胜利successful [s4k'sesf4l]a.成功的such [s8t5]a.如此的;如此 pron.这样的人(或事物) sudden ['s8dn]a.突然的，出乎意料的suddenly ['s8dnli]ad.突然地suffer ['s8f4]vt.忍受;遭受 vi.忍受痛苦;受损失sufficient [s4'fi54nt]a.充足的，充分的sugar ['5ug4]n.糖suggest [s4'd9est]vt.建议，提议;表明，暗示suggestion [s4'd9est54n]n.建议，提议;暗示，示意suit [su：t,sju：t]vt.适合;满足 n.一套衣服(或西服);诉讼suitable ['su：t4b4l,'sju：t4b4l] a.合适的，适宜的suitcase ['su：tkeis,'sju：t]n.手提箱，小型旅行箱sum [s8m]n.总数;金额;算术 v.总结，概括;估量。

2019年职称英语考试理工类C级词汇71 spade [speid]n.铁铲，铁锹Spain [spein]n.西班牙Spanish ['sp1ni5]a.西班牙(人)的 n.西班牙语，西班牙人spare [spe4]v.节省;饶恕 a.备用的;多余的spark [sp2：k]n.火花;闪光;一点点 vi.发火花，闪耀speak [spi：k]vi.说话，讲话;演说，发言 vt.说某种语言speaker ['spi：k4]n.说话者，发言者;说某种语言者;扬声器special ['spe54l]a.特别的;特别好的 n.特别的事或物specialist ['spe54list]n.专家;专门医生specific [spi'sifik]a.特定的，特殊的;明确的，具体的speech [spi：t5]n.言语，讲话;演讲speed [spi：d]n.速度;快速 vi.飞驰;加速 vt.加速传送spell [spel]v.拼写spelling ['speli6]n.拼写spend [spend]vt.花费(钱等);消磨 vi.花费;耗尽spin [spin]vt.编织，杜撰;(使)旋转;结网，吐丝spirit ['spirit]n.精神;精灵;[pl.]情绪;[pl.]酒精spite [spait]n.恶意，怨恨splendid ['splendid]a.壮丽的，辉煌的;好极了的split [split]n.裂口 v.(使)分裂，分开 a.分裂的。