张汉熙 高级英语 第2册第7课The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas翻译作业

第七课aA1…boy and man, I had been through it often before.As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region.2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appaling desolation.But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3….it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly,saddening joke.4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills.The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricksstanding upright.6.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.8.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks stillappear pleasing to the eye.9.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having donea lot of hard work and research and aftercontinuous praying.10.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retroapect, become almost diabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When onelooks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.11.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.12.on certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly…People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tianstrata, people seem to long for things beautiful. 13.they meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this typeof mind.14….they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top ofit.They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they onlymanaged to make it absolutely intolerable.15.out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hatesbeauty as strongly as it hates truth．第八课1….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom…Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being.Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.3…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man's reason and skill.All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill.4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the workhe was doing.5.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticiam,”an answer to man's sense of aloneness andisolation.Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thingthat brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life.6.Work has become alienated from the working person.In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose.8…a pay check is not enough to base one's self-respect on.Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.9…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker's psyche,Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits ifit has better relations with the public.11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more high-minded cover for what is reallya vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things. 12….he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces,conscious of the deception involved.第九课1.with a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival ofSummer in Omelas.2…their high calls rising like the swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying byoverhead.3…exercised their restive hoeses befor the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resistingthe control of the riders.4.Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions. After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certainthings.5.These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopian.The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealistsdreaming of a perfect society.6.This is the treason of the artist:a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull anduninteresting.7.They were mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.8.Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination willbe equal to the task.9.The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.10.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and neglect.Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because offear, poor nourishment and neglect.11.Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly andtenderly.12.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality,and to accept it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize howjust and fair though terrible reality was.第十课1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian slcial structure,…The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4…it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholicsophistication…In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to beworldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,…The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a senseof adventure.6…our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war. 7…they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8….they had outgrown towns and families…These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9…the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical dogoodism of Prohibition,…The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to thepeople.10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.11…it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war,Babbitry, and Puritanical gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artisticcentre.12.Each town had its”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.第十一课1…below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive-feeling…The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of naturalsympathetic feeling for each other.2…at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy andtroublesome people.3….there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor,…There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board ofmanagers (or governing board of a factory).4.It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5.Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up arather poor weak performance.6….while Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change's sake,…Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be verywrong and harmful.7.To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~8.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there isa great possibility of Admass winning.9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking forstrength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10.They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts.These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11.They can be found, too-though not in largenumbers because the breed is duing out- among crusty High Tories who avoidthe City and directors' fees.They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt,bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.12….they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy. 13…he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man's self-respect.He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by spongingon people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling andarguing over some small matter.15….heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away polotics.If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politicsfor they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.第十二课1.It is a complex fate to be an American…The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2…they were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3.We were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5.Europe can be very crippling too…Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.6…it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.7.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of eachother and do not live in fear of losing their position.8.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.9.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can bevery painful, though very valuable.10.On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will alwayscarry the marks of his origins.11.American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.12.Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people…Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people,though not openly spoken about.第十四课1.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends,…New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.sitcomes cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airwaves from California.Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio andTV programs for California.4. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy…A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has wonin the fierce competition).6.nature's pleasures are much qualified in New York.The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7…the city's bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.8.But the purity of a bihemian dedication can be exaggerated.But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but givesits stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10.The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype,…The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising.11…those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves in the magazines.Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12.Broadway, which seemed to be succuming to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy andactive.13…he prefers the unhealthy haale and the vitality of urban life.(If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil andanimated life of a city.14.The defeated are not hidden away aomewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other peoplecan't see them.15.The place constantly exasperates, st times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.。

高级英语第二册课文翻译第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风第二课马拉喀什见闻第三课酒肆闲聊与标准英语第四课就职演说（1961年1月20日)第五课爱情就是谬误第六课从天窗中消失第七课爱丑之欲第八课工人是创造者还是机器第九课从奥米勒斯城出走的人第十课悲哀的青年一代第十一课英国人的未来第十二课一个发现:做一个美国人意味着什么第十三课为死刑辩护第十四课亦爱亦恨话纽约第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风小约翰。

柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。

就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时,收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。

柯夏克一家居住的地方一—密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击.路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。

但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样,不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃,除非等到他的一家人一-妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。

为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策,他与父母商量过。

两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来,住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里.他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理？希尔的意见。

约翰的全部产业就在自己家里（他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。

公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。

37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的.四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。

不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低,高出海平面仅几英尺。

“我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺,，’他对父亲说,“而且距离海边足有250码远。

这幢房子是1915年建造的。

至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。

我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。

"老柯夏克67岁．是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。

1.We’re elevated 23 feet. =our house has been raised by 23 feet in comparison with the past.2.The place (house) has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered (caused any damage to it)3.We can batten down and ride it out. =we can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane withoutmuch damage.4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out. =water got into the generator and put it out. It stoppedproducing electricity, so the light also went out.5.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. =as john watched the water inch its way up thesteps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.6.Janis had just one delayed reaction.=Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervoustension caused by the hurricane.1.and it is an activity only of humans =and conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings2.conversation is not for making a point = conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas3.in fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose = in fact, a person who really enjoys and isskilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his viewpoint4.bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’ lives = people who meet each others for a drink in a bar are notintimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each others’ life5.it could still go ignorantly on = the conversation could go without anybody knowing who was right or wrong6.there are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef =these animals are called cattle when they are alive andfeeding in the fields; but when we sit down at table to eat we called their meat beef7.the new ruling class had built a cultural barrier him by building their French against his own lg. = the newruling class by using French instead of eg made it difficult for the eg to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers8.eg had come royally into its own =the eg lg received proper recognition and was used by the king once more9.the phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes = the phrase, theking’s eg, has always disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often made fun of the proper and formal lg of the educational people10.the rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there =there still exists in the working people, as in the earlySaxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class11.there is always a great danger that” words will harden into things for us”= there is always a great danger thatwe might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent12.even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s eg slips and slides in conversation = even themost educated and liberated people use non-standard, informal, rather than standard, formal eg in their conversation 13.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe. =buttoday this issue has not been decided in many countries around the world.14.United, there is little we cannot do in host of cooperative ventures. =bound together we can accomplish a lot ofthings in the variety of joint ventures.15.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. =we will not allow any enemycountry to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.16.Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace.=theUS is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.17.Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidentalself-destruction. = before the terrible forces of destruction which science can now release, overwhelm mankind;before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place.18.Yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war. =yet bothgroups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from an launching mankind’s final war.19.So let us begin anew (once begin), remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness. = andremember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.20.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to leadthe land we love. = our sure reward will be a good conscience and the history finally will judge whether we have done our task well or not. Let us start leading the country we love.21.By the very of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom. = because of the fact itself that man produces,he has developed to a much higher level than or the other animals22.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being. =work also frees man andmakes him into a social being independent of nature23.All are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill. =no matter when it wasdone or who did it, provides an example of man applying his intelligence and his skill to change nature creatively 24.There is no spilt of work and play, or work and culture. =the worker finds pleasure in his work and through workhe also develops his mind. Therefore, pleasure and work go together and so does the cultural development of the worker and his work.25.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticism,” an answer to man’s sense of alonenessand isolation.=work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life.Work was the only thing that soothed those who felt alone and isolated because of his ascetic life.26.Work has become alienated from the working person. =work has been separated from the worker and the workeris not interested in it at all. Instead, he feels estranged from it or hostile to it.27.Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity. =work helps the worker to earnmoney; except this it is not an activity with much significance28. a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on = just earning some money is not enough for a worker toestablish his self-respect29.most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche= mostindustrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the workers’ mind30.it is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management=better relations with the public will yield largeprofits to management31.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity=the fact that gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a mere “high-minded” cover for the real, vulgar appeal to idleness and submissiveness.32.He has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it=the businessman gets theknowledge that the quality of his product doesn’t match what it should be. Conscious of the deception involved, he despises the goods he produces33.the slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged.=at very mention of theTwenties, middle-aged people began to recall it longingly and young people curious and began to ask questions about it34.the rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable= anyway, it was inevitable for America to discardVictorian gentility which upheld the middle-class respectability and affected refinement characteristics of Victorian eg35.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure=the war onlyhelped to speed up the collapse of the Victorian social structure.36.it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughtyalcoholic sophistication =in America ,at least, the young people are strongly disposed to escape their responsibilities. They pretend to be wordly-wise and disregard conventional standards of behavior, drinking and breaking the traditional morality naughtily.37.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit=the young peoplefound more pleasure in drinking because Prohibition made it a kind of adventure.38.our young men began to enlist under foreign flags=our young men joined the foreign armies to fight in the war.39.They “wanted to get up into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up= they wanted to take part in theadventure of war before it ended.40.they had outgrown towns and families=they couldn’t adapt themselves to life in their hometowns and familiesanymore41.The returning veteran also had to face the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition=the returning veterans alsohad to face the stupid cynicism shown by the Victorious allies in Versailles who acted just like Napoleon once did.42.sth in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”=under this pressure sth in the young people, who werealready very tense, had to break down.43.it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and“Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center=it was only natural the promising young writers whose thoughts extremely opposed war, Babbittry and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in great numbers to live in the Greenwich Village, the traditional culture44.each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality=each town was proud that it has groupof wild unconventional people45.it is a complex fate to be an American=the fate of American is complicated and full of changes and possibilities46.They were no more at home in Europe than I was=all of us felt uneasy in Europe.47.we were both searching for our separate identities= Each of us was trying to find his own set of personalcharacteristics by which his recognizable as a member of some group48.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here=I don’t think I could have accepted my status ofbeing a Negro willingly in America49.Europe can be very crippling too=sometimes things in Europe can also be very frustrating50.it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here=it is easier to contact with people ofdifferent social status and occupations in Europe than in American51. a man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened= inEurope a good waiter and actor is equally proud of their social status and jobs. Neither of them envies the other and is not afraid of losing their position52.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it=I was born in NY, but have lived only in some smallareas of it53.on this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends=the life of a writer wholly depends upon whether or nothe accepts he will always carry the marks of the origins54.American writers do no have a fixed society to describe=American writers do not live in the society wherenothing is changed .instead, everything is unchangeable in their society so they do not have a fixed society to write about55.every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of thepeople= actually, every society is ruled and influence by hidden laws, and by many people deeply felt and taken for granted by its people, though not openly expressed56.this reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable= the reconsideration of many things that onehad always taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable57.nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste=nowadays NY is often in disagreement with taste of theAmerican people58.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends=NY even indulged itself infeeling of satisfaction for it can resist the prevailing trends of America59.sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, pre-empt the airwaves fromCalifornia =situation comedy which are similar in content and style are produced in large amounts in Hollywood and the live broadcasting of JC’s talk show dominated the radio and the TV channels of California60.it is making sth of a comeback as a tourist attraction= it is regaining somewhat its status as a tourist attraction61.to win in New York is to be uneasy= to a person who succeeds in NY is disturbed by constant worries that hemight fail someday in the fierce competition62.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York =the chances to enjoy the pleasures of nature are very limitedin NY63.the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens= the city’s bright lights seem haughtily to make the skydim64.but the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated=but a wholehearted dedication to art, which isbohemian style can be overstated65.in both these roles it ratifies more than it creates=in these two roles of banking and communications headquarters,NY originates very few things but gives its approval a lot to many things created by other cities66.the television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype=the generation who grew up watching andenjoying TV was constantly and strongly influenced by exaggerated ads67.those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines=writers who are creatingchallenging novels make their living in the same time by writing articles for popular magazines68.Broadway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.=Broadway,which seemed to give in to the flashy shows put on in the surrounding areas, become active again69.he prefers the unhealthy hassle and the vitality of urban life=he likes the unhealthy turmoil and livelyatmosphere of a city more70.the defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town=the people who failed in thestruggle of life are not hidden away in slums where other people can not see them71.The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates.= NY constantly irritates the people living here butoccasionally it stimulates them。

1第七课aA 21…boy and man, I had been through it often before.3As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region. 42. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appaling desolation.5But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region 6was.73….it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.8This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a 9ghastly,saddening joke.4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills.1The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable 2mills in this region.35.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.4The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses 5they built looked like bricks standing upright.66.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. 7These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow 8and had little slope.97.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope 0or caring.1When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten 2egg.38.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.4Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even 5in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.69.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.7I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work 8and research and after continuous praying.910.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retroapect, become almost diabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost 1fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, 2one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.311.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. 4It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know 5what beautiful houses were like.612.on certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for 7the ugly…8People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; 9while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13.they meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.1These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and 2unintelligible demands of this type of mind.314….they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, 4painted a staring yellow, on top of it.5They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought 6it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.715.out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.8From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the 9American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．12第八课31….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom…4Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals. 52.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being.6Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature. 73…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill. 8All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill. 94.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cultural development of the worker go 1hand in hand with the work he was doing.25.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticiam,”an answer to man’s 3sense of aloneness and isolation.4Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of 5life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading 6this kind of ascetic life.76.Work has become alienated from the working person.8In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing. 97. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much 1significance or pur pose.28…a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.3Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself. 49…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s 5psyche,6Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker. 710.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.8Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will 9earn larger profits ifit has better relations with the public.111.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete 2passivity and receptivity.3The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more 4"high-minded" cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept 5things.612….he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.7The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He 8despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.91第九课21.with a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the 3city Omelas.4The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the 5beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.62…their high calls rising like the swallows’crossing flights over the music and the singing. 7The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls 8of the swallows flying by overhead.93…exercised their restive hoeses befor the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to 1start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.24.Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.3After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.45.These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopian.5The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages 6of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.76.This is the treason of the artist:a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible 8boredom of pain.9An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and 0pain is very dull and uninteresting.17.They were mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.2They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they 3were not miserable people.48.Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to 5the occasion.6Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells 7him, assuming his imagination will be equal to the task.89.The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.9The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city. 010.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, 1and neglect.2Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very 3foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.411.Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.5The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement 6even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.712.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice 8of reality,and to accept it.9They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears 0dry up when they realize how just and fair though terrible reality was.12345第十课61.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.7At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it 8longingly.92.The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and 1affected refinement.23.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian slcial 3structure,…4The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.54…it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an 6air of naughty alcoholic sophistication…7In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. 8They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.95.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures 0illicit,…1The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making 2drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.36…our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.4Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.57…they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.6The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended. 78….they had outgrown towns and families…8These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their 9families.9…the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical dogoodism of Prohibition,…1The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed 2would do good to the people.310.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…4(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very 5tense, had to break down.611…it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, 7Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…8It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with 9violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers 0to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.112.Each town had its”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…2Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional 3lives.4567第十一课81…below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of 9instinctive-feeling…The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists 1a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.22…at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.3What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider 4to be lazy and troublesome people.53….there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor,…6There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy 7employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).84.It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.9The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not 0like or trust bigness.15.Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…2At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, 3English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.46….while Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s 5sake,…6Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for 7no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.87.To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.9To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public 0stupidity~18.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.2I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility 3of Admass winning.49.It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft. 5Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and 6soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.710.They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts. 8These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and 9dishonest in all respects.11.They can be found, too-though not in largenumbers because the breed is duing out- among 1crusty High Tories who avoid the City and directors’ fees.2They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are 3dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept 4high posts in big commercial enterprises.512….they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.6They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.713…he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does 8nothing for a man’s self-respect.9He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages 0to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build 1up any self-respect.214.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.3These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are 4always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.515….heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away polotics.6If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they 7were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and 8thrown into prison.9123第十二课41.It is a complex fate to be an American…5The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.62…they were no more at home in Europe than I was.7They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.83.We were both searching for our separate identities.9They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here.1I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed. 25.Europe can be very crippling too…3Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.46…it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.5It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle 6and have social intercourse.77.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case 8feel threatened.9In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. 0They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.18.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.2I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.39.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.4The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for 5granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.610.On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.7The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes 8or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.911.American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed 1society to describe.212.Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on 3the part of the people…4Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and 5taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.6第十四课71.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…8Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.92.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends,…New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of 1America.23…sitcomes cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the 3airwaves from California.4Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace 5the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.64. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.7New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.85.To win in New York is to be uneasy…9A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid 0of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).16.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.2The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.37…the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.4At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken 5the night sky.68.But the purity of a bihemian dedication can be exaggerated.7But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.89.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.9In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates 0very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts 1of the country.210.The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype,…3The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional 4advertising.511…those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves in the magazines.6Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles 7for popular magazines.812.Broadway, which seemed to be succuming to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again. 9Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, 0is once again busy and active.113…he prefers the unhealthy haale and the vitality of urban life.2(If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers 3the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.414.The defeated are not hidden away aomewhere else on the wrong side of town.5Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums 6or ghettoes where other people can't see them.715.The place constantly exasperates, st times exhilarates.8New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and 9stimulates.1。

Lesson 7 The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas （Excerpts）一、词汇短语1. rigging [] n. gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship’s mastsand sails索具2. procession [] n. a line of people or vehicles moving slowly aspart of a celebration队伍，行列3. decorous [] adj. characterized by or exhibiting decorum; proper有礼貌的，有教养的：He gave his wife a decorous kiss.他给了他太太得体的一吻。

4. mauve [] n. a moderate grayish violet to moderate reddish purple紫红色5. shimmering [] n. a flickering or tremulous light; a glimmer微光：theshimmering surface of the lake微微发光的湖面6. tambourine []n. an instrument consisting of a smalldrumhead with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim. It is shakenwith one hand and struck with the other小手鼓7. dodge [] v. a）to avoid （a blow, for example）by moving or shiftingquickly aside闪躲，躲避：dodge into an alley躲进胡同；b）to evade （anobligation, for example）by cunning, trickery, or deceit躲避：He keptdodging the reporter’s questions.他一直在躲避记者的提问。

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6,8课课后翻译Unit11. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other,they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。

2. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation.争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。

交谈中没有胜负之说。

3. Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs thatI think bar conversation has a charm of its own.或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

4. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearlyhad not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing onher mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。

5. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for ―English as it should be spoken .‖下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给―标准英语‖制定得规则。

高级英语2第三版张汉熙课后答案Q ALESSON 1 PUB TALK AND KING’S ENGLISHQ B:1.2.3.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view(4. In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view(5.6.7. The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who wasright or wrong(III:1.No one knows how the conversation will go as it moves aimlessly and desultorily or as it becomes spirited and exciting.2.It is not a matter of interest if they are cross or in a bad temper.3.Bar friends, although they met each other frequently, did notdelve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.4.Suddenly a miraculous change in the conversation took place.5.The conversation suddenly became spirited and exciting.6.We ought to think as the Saxon peasants did at that time.7.The Elizabethan writers spread the English language far and wide.8.I have always had an eager interest in dictionaries.9.Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.10.We would never have talked about Australia, or the languagebarrier in the time of the Norman Conquest.IV A:1. on the rocks: metaphor，comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks2( get out of bed on the wrong side:be in a bad temper for the day (The meaning is perhaps derived from the expression “You got out of bed thewrong way”( It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed() 3(on wings:metaphor，comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring( It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting(4( turn up one’s nose at:scorn;show scorn for5( into the shoes: metaphor(or more appropriately an idiomatic expression)， think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant，i( e( as if one were a Saxon peasant6 .come into one’s own: receive what properly belongs to one，especiallyacclaim or recognition657(sit up at:(colloquial)become suddenly alert and take notice ofIV B:1(ignorant指缺乏知识，可以是就整体而言(如 an ignorant man)，也可以是就某一具体方面或问题而言(如 ignorant of the reason of their quarrel对他们争吵的起因毫无所知);illiterate意为缺乏文化修养，尤指读写能力的缺乏; uneducated指没有受到正规的、系统的学校教育;unlearned意为学问不富(未必无知)，既可指一无所长，又可指某一方面所知有限，如unlearned in science，意为对科学懂得有限，但对其他学科，如文学、哲学等，倒可能是很精通的。

第七课aA 1…boy and man, I had been through it often before.As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region.2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appaling desolation.But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3….it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly,saddening joke.4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills.The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.6.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.8.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.9.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.10.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retroapect, become almost diabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 11.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.12.on certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly…People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13.they meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.14….they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.15.out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．第八课1….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom…Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being.Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.3…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill.4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.5.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticiam,”an answer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life.6.Work has become alienated from the working person.In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose. 8…a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.9…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche,Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits ifit has better relations with the public.11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more "high-minded" cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.12….he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.第九课1.with a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2…their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and the singing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3…exercised their restive hoeses befor the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4.Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5.These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopian.The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.6.This is the treason of the artist:a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.7.They were mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.8.Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination will be equal to the task.9.The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.10.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and neglect.Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.11.Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.12.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality,and to accept it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize how just and fair though terrible reality was.第十课1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian slcial structure,…The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4…it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication…In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,…The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6…our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7…they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8….they had outgrown towns and families…These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9…the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical dogoodism of Prohibition,…The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down. 11…it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12.Each town had its”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.第十一课1…below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive-feeling…The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.2…at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.3….there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor,…There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).4.It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5.Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6….while Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake,…Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7.To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~8.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10.They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts.These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11.They can be found, too-though not in largenumbers because the breed is duing out- among crusty High Tories who avoid the City and directors’ fees.They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.12….they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.13…he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man’s self-respect. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.15….heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away polotics.If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.第十二课1.It is a complex fate to be an American…The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2…they were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3.We were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5.Europe can be very crippling too…Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.6…it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.7.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.8.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.9.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.10.On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.11.American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.12.Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people…Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.第十四课1.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends,…New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.3…sitcomes cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airwaves from California. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.4. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy…A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).6.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7…the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.8.But the purity of a bihemian dedication can be exaggerated.But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10.The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype,…The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising.11…those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves in the magazines.Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12.Broadway, which seemed to be succuming to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy andactive.13…he prefers the unhealthy haale and the vitality of urban life.(If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.14.The defeated are not hidden away aomewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them.15.The place constantly exasperates, st times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.。

The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas翻译作业答案V. TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into Chinese1. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls, between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees, past great parks and public buildings, processions moved. (Para. 1)√一支支游行队伍穿过大街小巷，街边立着红顶彩墙的房子和布满青苔的古老花园，队伍一路经过一条条林荫大道，一座座公园和公共建筑。

2. All the processions wound towards the north side of the city, where on the great water-meadow called the Green Fields boys and girls, naked in the bright air, with mud-stained feet and ankles and long, lithe arms, exercised their restive horses before the race. (Para. 1)✓所有游行队伍都沿着蜿蜒曲折的街道向北行进，来到一个名为“绿野”的水边大草坪上。

草坪上有一些男孩女孩光着身子，脚踝沾满泥巴，手臂修长灵活；他们在对烈马进行赛前训练。

3. Given a description such as this one tends to look next for the King, mounted on a splendid stallion and surrounded by his noble knights, or perhaps in a golden litter borne by great-muscled slaves. (Para. 3)✓听到这样的描述，人们会猜想接下来会看到国王，骑着高头大马，身边簇拥着一群威武的骑士，或者坐在一顶由体格健壮的奴隶们抬着的金轿上。

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。

动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。

闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。

它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。

要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。

闲聊不是为了进行争论。

闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。

闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。

事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。

也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。

或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。

酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。

他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。

他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。

有一天晚上的情形正是这样。

人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。

谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。

可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。

我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。

“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。

”此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。

有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。

最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。

第七课aA 1…boy and man, I had been through it often before.As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region.2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appaling desolation.But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3….it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly,saddening joke.4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills.The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.6.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.8.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.9.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.10.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retroapect, become almost diabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 11.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.12.on certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly…People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13.they meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.14….they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.15.out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．第八课1….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom…Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being.Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.3…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill.4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.5.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticiam,”an answer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life.6.Work has become alienated from the working person.In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose. 8…a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.9…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche,Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits ifit has better relations with the public.11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more "high-minded" cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.12….he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.第九课1.with a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2…their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and the singing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3…exercised their restive hoeses befor the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4.Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5.These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopian.The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.6.This is the treason of the artist:a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.7.They were mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.8.Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination will be equal to the task.9.The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.10.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and neglect.Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.11.Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.12.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality,and to accept it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize how just and fair though terrible reality was.第十课1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian slcial structure,…The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4…it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication…In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,…The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6…our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7…they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8….they had outgrown towns and families…These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9…the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical dogoodism of Prohibition,…The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down. 11…it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12.Each town had its”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.第十一课1…below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive-feeling…The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.2…at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.3….there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor,…There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).4.It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5.Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6….while Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake,…Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7.To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~8.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10.They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts.These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11.They can be found, too-though not in largenumbers because the breed is duing out- among crusty High Tories who avoid the City and directors’ fees.They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.12….they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.13…he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man’s self-respect. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.15….heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away polotics.If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.第十二课1.It is a complex fate to be an American…The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2…they were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3.We were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5.Europe can be very crippling too…Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.6…it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.7.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.8.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.9.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.10.On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.11.American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.12.Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people…Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.第十四课1.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends,…New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.3…sitcomes cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airwaves from California. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.4. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy…A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).6.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7…the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.8.But the purity of a bihemian dedication can be exaggerated.But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10.The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype,…The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising.11…those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves in the magazines.Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12.Broadway, which seemed to be succuming to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.13…he prefers the unhealthy haale and the vitality of urban life.(If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.14.The defeated are not hidden away aomewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them.15.The place constantly exasperates, st times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.。

高级英语第二册-张汉熙版-7-14课课后答案paraphrase-有对照第七课aA 1…boy and man, I had been through it often before.As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region.2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appaling desolation.But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3….it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly,saddening joke.4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills.The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.6.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills ittakes on the color of a rotten egg.8.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.9.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.10.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retroapect, become almost diabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 11.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.12.on certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly…People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13.they meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.14….they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.15.out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．第八课1….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom…Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being.Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.3…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason an d skill.All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill.4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.5.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticiam,”an answer to man’s sense of aloneness andisolation.Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life.6.Work has become alienated from the working person.In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose. 8…a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.9…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche,Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits if it has better relations with the public.11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more "high-minded" cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.12….he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.第九课1.with a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2…their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and the singing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3…exercised their restive hoeses befor the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4.Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5.These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopian.The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.6.This is the treason of the artist:a refusal to admit thebanality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.7.They were mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.8.Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination will be equal to the task.9.The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.10.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and neglect.Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.11.Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.12.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality,and to accept it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize howjust and fair though terrible reality was.第十课1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian slcial structure,…The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4…it was tempted, in America at least, to escap e its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication…In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,…The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6…our young men began to enlist u nder foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7…they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8….they had outgrown towns and families…These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9…the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical dogoodism of Prohibition,…The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already v ery tense, had to break down. 11…it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12.Each town had its”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.第十一课1…below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive-feeling…The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.2…at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.3….there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor,…There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).4.It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5.Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6….while Englishness is not hostile to chan ge, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake,…Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7.To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~8.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting,there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10.They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts.These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11.They can be found, too-though not in largenumbers because the breed is duing out- among crusty High Tories who avoid the City and directors’ fees.They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.12….they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.13…he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man’s self-respect. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling andarguing over some small matter.15….heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away polotics.If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.第十二课1.It is a complex fate to be an American…The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2…they were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3.We were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5.Europe can be very crippling too…Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.6…it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.7.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of beinga good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.8.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.9.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.10.On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.11.American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.12.Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumpti ons on the part of the people…Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.第十四课1.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends,…New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.3…sitcomes cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airwaves from California.Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.4. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy…A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).6.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7…the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.8.But the purity of a bihemian dedication can be exaggerated.But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10.The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype,…The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising.11…those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves in the magazines.Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12.Broadway, which seemed to be succuming to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.13…he prefers the unhealthy haale and the vitality of urban life.(If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.14.The defeated are not hidden away aomewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them.15.The place constantly exasperates, st times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.。

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King ' s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。

动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。

闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。

它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。

要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。

闲聊不是为了进行争论。

闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。

闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。

事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。

也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。

或许是由于我从小混迹于XX小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。

酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。

他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。

他们就像XX 笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。

有一天晚上的情形正是这样。

人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。

谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。

可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。

我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的一一她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话一一我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。

“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。

”此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。

有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。

最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。