张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(修订本)学习指南(The Middle Eastern Bazaar)【圣

The Middle Eastern BazaarThe Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds--- even thousands --- of years. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - arched gateway of aged brick and stone. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. The din of the stall-holder; crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the mutedcloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sounds to echo. Theshop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers, overwhelmed by the sepulchral atmosphere, follow suit .One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods do not scatter themselves over the bazaar, in order to avoid competition, but collect in the same area, so that purchasers can know where to find them, and so that they can form a closely knit guild against injustice or persecution . In the cloth-market, for instance, all the sellers of material for clothes, curtains, chair covers and so on line the roadway on both sides, eachopen-fronted shop having a trestle trestle table for display and shelves for storage. Bargaining is the order of the cay, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing and doing a little preliminary bargaining before they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment. If he does guess correctly, he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. The seller, on the otherhand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer. Bargaining can go on the whole day, or even several days, with the customer coming and going at intervals .One of the most picturesque and impressive parts of the bazaar is the copper-smiths' market. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers . In each shop sit the apprentices – boys and youths, some of them incredibly young – hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes, while the shop-owner instructs, and sometimes takes a hand with a hammer himself. In the background, a tiny apprentice blows a bi-, charcoal fir e with a huge leather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe -- the red of the live coals glowing, bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engravewith delicate and intricate traditional designs, or the simple, everyday kitchenware used in this country, pleasing in form, but undecorated and strictly functional. Elsewhere there is the carpet-market, with its profusion of rich colours, varied textures and regional designs -- some bold and simple, others unbelievably detailed and yet harmonious. Then there is the spice-market, with its pungent and exotic smells; and the food-market, where you can buy everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner, or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters' market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai , where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while the great bales of merchandise they have carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them.Perhaps the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar, apart from its general atmosphere, is the place where they make linseed oil. It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible. In this cavern are three massive stone wheels, each with a huge pole through its centre as an axle. The pole isattached at the one end to an upright post, around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel. This revolves in a circular stone channel, into which an attendant feeds linseed. The stone wheel crushes it to a pulp, which is then pressed to extract the oil .The camels are the largest and finest I have ever seen, and in superb condition –muscular, massive and stately.The pressing of the linseed pulp to extract the oil is done by a vast ramshackle apparatus of beams and ropes and pulleys which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders girders creak and groan , ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.(from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation pieces,1962 )NOTES1) This piece is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces, compiled for overseas students by L. A. Hill and D.J. May, published by Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1962.2) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.3) Gothic: a style of architecture originated in N. France in 11th century, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, steep, high roofs, etc.4) veiled women: Some Moslems use the veil---more appropriately, the purdah --- to seclude or hide their women from the eyes of strangers.5) caravanserai (caravansary): in the Middle East, a kind of innwith a large central court, where bands of merchants or pilgrims, together with their camels or horses, stay for shelter and refreshment。

Unit One The Middle Eastern BazaarLead-inTextual Structure of the TextDetailed Study of the TextRhetorical DevicesThe Middle EastGenerally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.The Middle East is a loosely defined geographic region; the countries listed are generally considered part of the Middle East. These Middle East countries are part of the Asian continent, with the exception of Egypt, which is part of Africa, and the northwestern part of Turkey, which is part of the European landmass.Rich in oil, linking point of three continents. Nearby five seas: Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Caspian Sea (里海)BazaarBazaar: A market consisting of a street lined with shops and stalls, especially one in the Middle East.---handicraft economy, contrast to the modern societyThree famous bazaars in the Middle East:The Khan Khalili Bazaar in Cairo, Egypt埃及开罗汗·哈利利集市The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey土耳其伊斯坦布尔大市集The Damascus Bazaar in Syria叙利亚大马士革集市China’s most busiest markets:Xiushui Street and Da Zha Lan in Beijing北京大栅栏和秀水街References“The history of Middle East”(Mesopotamia Civilization, Civilization of Ancient Egypt, Middle East Wars)“The Bible—Old Testament”(the first half of the Christian Bible)“Talmud”塔尔穆德(犹太法典)(the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism) 犹太法典中的几句箴言有四种人，一种人说：“我的是我的，你的是你的。

Lesson 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar1.The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stallswhere goods of every conceivable kind are sold.2.As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.3.…until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…4.…as the burnished copper catches the light of innumberable lamps and braziers.5.The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze ofvaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar.6.Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before amosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…7.It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thickwith the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible. 8.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occassional grunts and sighs of the camels.Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan1.Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan2.…as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop...3.Was I not at the scene of the crime?4.At last this intermezzo came to an end…5.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skycrapers is thevery symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.6.…where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousandsupon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.7.…a town known throughout the world for its—oysters.8.I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.9.Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, Imake a new little paper bird, and add it to the others.Lesson 3 Ships in the Desert1.The prospects of a good catch looked bleak.2.After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farthernorth to a rendezvous point…3.Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.4.This “noctilucent cloud” occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the eveningdarkness.5.But, without even considering that threat, shouldn’t it startle us that we have now put theseclouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can’t see these clouds for what they are —a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?6.Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills, from coal mines and rice paddies,from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities.7.We have reshaped a large part of the earth’s surface with concrete in our cities.Lesson 4 Everyday Use for your grandmama1.It is like an extended living room.2.My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.3.Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.4.Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strangewhite man in the eye?5.…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…6.Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scaldinghumor that erupted like bubbles in lye.7.Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.8.After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …9.And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.10.Wangero said, sweet as a bird.11.She gasped like a bee had stung her.Lesson 5 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U. S. S. R.1.I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.2.If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the Houseof Commons.3.That is our policy and that is our declaration.4.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fieldswhich their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.5.I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wives pray---ah, yes, for there are timeswhen all pray---for the safety of their beloved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector.6.I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardlyfrom the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.7.I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking,heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, it crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries.8.I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like aswarm of crawling locusts.9.I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a Britishwhipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.10.From this nothing will turn us---nothing.11.We will never parley, we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gane.12.We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, withGod’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke. 13.Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state whomarches with Hitler is our foe…14.Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan,organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…15.On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encourged in our efforts to rescue mankind from histyranny. We shall be strenthened and not weakened in determination and in resources.16.…the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.17.…just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free menand free peoples in every quarter of the globe.Lesson 6 Blackmail1.As a result the nerves of both the Duke and Duchess were excessively frayed when the mutedbuzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.2.The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.3.His wife shot him a swift, warning glance.4.You drove there in your fancy Jaguar, and you took a lady friend.5.The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.6.Her voice was a whiplash.7.Eyes bored into him.8.The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly.9.In what conceivable way does our car concern you?Lesson 7 The Age of Miracle Chips1.Under a microscope, it resembles a stylized Navaho rug or the aerial view of a railroadswithcing yard.2.Unlike the hulking Calibans of vacuum tubes and tangled wires from which it evolved…3.As the alarm clock burrs…4.The percolator in the kitchen starts burbling…5.The TV set blinks on with the day’s first newscast…6.Following eyeball-to-eyeball consultations with the butcher and the baker and the grocer onthe tube, she hits a button to commandeer supplies…7.Next to health, heart and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon theautomobile.8.The computer revolution is stimulating intellects, liberating limbs and propelling mankind toa higher order of existense.9.For the mighty army of consumers, the ultimate applications of the computer revolution arestill around the bend of a silicon circuit.Lesson 8 An Interactive Life1.Where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven.2.The shows of the future may be the technological great grandchildren of current CD-ROMtitles.3.To prevent getting trampled by a stampede of data, viewers will rely on programmedelectronic selectors that could go out into the info corral and rope in the subjects the viewer wants.4.Interactive is like a conversation.5.And where there are agents, can counteragents be far behind?6.…interactivity may widen the gap between the haves and the have-nots, the rich and wired vs.the poor and unplugged.7.Would you want your child---or any child---to play that game?8.Will government regulate messages sent out on this vast data highway?9.Indeed, intelligent agents could be a gold mine of information.。

第一课FacetofacewithHurricaneCamilleParaphrase:Weare23feetabovethesealevel.Thehousehasbeenheresince1915,andhasneverbeendamagedbyanyhurricanes.Wecanmakethenecessarypreparationsandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.Watergotintothegeneratorandputitout.Itstoppedproducingelectricitysothelightsalsowentout.Everybodygooutthroughthebackdoorandruntothecar.6.Theelectricalsystemsinthecar(thebatteryforthestarter)hadbeenputoutbywater.AsJohnwatchedthewaterinchitswayupthesteps,hefeltastrongsenseofguiltbecauseheblamedhimselfforendan geringthewholefamilybydecidingnottofleeinland.OhGod,pleasehelpustogetthroughthisstormsafely7.GrandmotherKoshaksangafewwordsaloneandthenhervoicegraduallygrewdimmerandstopped.8.Janisdisplayedratherlatetheexhaustionbroughtaboutbythenervoustensioncausedbythehurrican e.Translation(C-E)1.Eachandeveryplanemustbecheckedoutthoroughlybeforetakingoff. 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。

Lesson 1The Middle Eastern BazaarI．1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it．(adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doinga little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。

Unit One The Middle Eastern BazaarBy L.A.Hill and D.J.MayWords and Expressions1.glare of the sunstrong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome as ‘bright sunlight’2.Throngs of people vs. crowds of peoplethrong—implies ‘movement a nd pushing (dynamic)crowd ---emphasizes the density3.Din vs noisedin—loud , confused noise that continues4.Fade away--go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappeare.g The light faded as the sun went down.His hopes faded.All memory of her childhood faded from her mind.His anger faded away.The sun faded the cloth.5.Overwhelm- strongly affected by a feeling or event, do not knowhow to deal with it.e.g The horror of it all ~ed me . 这恐惧吓得我魂不附体。

He ~ed me with a torrent of abuse. 他那连珠炮似的谩骂骂得我哑口无言。

6. Follow:•Follow suit:完全照办When the others went swimming, I followed suit.•As follows:如下His arguments are as follows.•Follow on:一会儿接着进行The second half of the concert will follow on in twenty minutes.•Follow one’s nose:想到哪儿就到哪儿Just follow your nose and you will get there.•Follow the lead:照样行事There are several people like me who would follow your lead over anything else.7.…is the order of the day: the normal way of doing things.e.g. Nowadays in every field, competition is the order of the day.8.make a point of… regard or treat it as necessary,e.g.English learners make a point of obtaining correct pronunciation andintonation at the very beginning.We will be English teachers, so we make a point of having a good knowledge of English grammar.9.Words for soundTinkling:a succession of light, clear, ringing sounds (of a small bell)Banging:hit violently, to make a loud noise (to bang a door, hammer something hard)Clashing: loud, broken, confused noise (as when metal objects strike together( swords clash)10.Impinge on ---strike; come into forcible contact with, collide with ;have an effect one.g. I heard the rain impinge upon the earth/ window.The cuts in defence spending impinged on two of the region’s largest employers.Your political opinions will necessarily impinge on your public life11.feede.g These little streams feed the lake.This moving belt feeds the machine with raw materialsIf you feed the data in, you get the analysis a few minutes later.12.crushe.g The enemy had already received a crushing blowAll these years, he has suffered from a crushing guilt.13.presse.g. We are pressing for time.14.towers--e.g. The Empire State Building towers into the sky. 耸立She is so small that he towers above her.In ability he towers over the rest of the class.towering adj. 高耸的The towering hills cast deep shadows over the valley.Beethoven was a towering musical genius. (great)* a tower of strength (support in spirit)He was a tower of strength to me when my father died.15.dwarf --make others seem small, unimportant,The tall building dwarfs all the other buildings in the town.The brilliance of his poetry dwarfs the accomplishments of his contemporaries. This present trouble dwarfs that other matter.The dwarf sees father than the giant, when he has the giant’s shoulders to mount on16.A trickle of oil --- a flood of oil17.Different noises•creak: (make a) sound like that caused by an unoiled door hinge, or badly-fitting floorboards when trodden on.e.g. The rusty hinges creaked when the door opened.•groan: (make a) sound caused by the movement of wood or metal parts heavily loaded.e.g. The patient groaned as he was lifted onto the stretcher.He groaned when he broke his arm.The old gate groaned on its hinges•squeak: making short, thin, high-pitched sound.e.g. Can you hear the mice squeaking?The door squeaked open.•rumble: make a deep, heavy, continuous sound (tanks, thunder, train)e.g. Thunder rumbled in the distance.•grunt: make a low rough noise. (for man to show annoyance) 嘟哝声, (for animals, like pigs)e.g. “Nonsense”, I grunted.Words for consulting dictionaries•approach•vessels•attach•intricate•pungent•exotic•humble•revolve•extract•blend•groanDictation1. bazaar2. ooze3. disdainful4. nimbly5. harmonious6. conceivable7. vigorously 8. girder 9. mosque10. trickle 11. sepulchral atmosphere 12. runnel13. muscular 14. apparatus 15. persecution16. ramshackle 17. preliminary 18. at intervals19.honeycomb 20. presumptuous 21. trestle table22. impinge on 23. burnish 24.rhythmic25. intricate。

高级英语》教案ADVANCED ENGLIS”H TEACHING NOTES FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT课程名称：高级英语教学对象：英语本科三、四年级学生教学内容：ADVANCED ENGLISH (Book One & Book Two)教学重点:1.文化背景知识；对课文的理解；语法的难点；作者的写作特点；词汇；有关英语修辞手法。

2■语言基本功的训练（听，说，读，写，译）3. 培养学生进行语言教学的基本技能每周学时：4节(每班)考试方式：形成性评价与终结性评价相结合教学方法 :Gen eral Methodology, Lecture, Reports, Discussi on, Dem on strati on,Lear ner-based Teachi ng.教学目的：1. To improve students' four Ianguage skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing.2. To cultivate stude nts' basic skills in En glish Ian guage teachi ng.3. To acquire a certain degree of skill in analyzing the structures of each text.4. To un dersta nd the difficult Ian guage points in each less on.5. To improve stude nts' ability in oral prese ntati on and dem on strati on.6. To develop an appreciation of the English Ianguage and its importance as our linguisticbridge to the rest of the world.7. To arouse the desire to improve on e's own speech habits for better com muni cati on inview of the fact that stude nts are prepari ng to be En glish Ian guage teachers.教学基本要求：1、提高独立工作能力，学会查找有关参考书，会自己动手写注释、做笔记2、培养分析、欣赏写作技巧的能力。

张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（LessonLesson 3 Blackmail⼀、词汇短语1. blackmail n. extortion of money by threats to exposediscrediting information敲诈，勒索：If someone tried to blackmail me Iwould tell the police.如果有⼈企图敲诈我，我就向警察告发。

2. suite n. a series of connected rooms used as a living unit⼀套房间：T hey assembled in the chairman’s office suite.他们聚集在总统的办公室套间⾥。

3. cryptic adj. secret or occult秘密的，不公开的：a cryptic remark 含义隐晦的话4. fray vt. to alarm; frighten使惊恐，使害怕5. buzzer n. an electric signaling device, such as a doorbell, that makesa buzzing sound电铃，门铃6. dispatch vt. to send someone or something somewhere for aparticular purpose分派，派遣：dispatch a messenger派遣使者7. errand n. a short trip taken to perform a specified task, usually foranother差事：I’ve got a few errands to do in the town.我有⼏件事要进城办。

[搭配]run errand跑腿8. piggy adj. like a pig; greedy猪⼀般的；贪婪的9. sardonically adv. scornfully or cynically mocking讥讽地，嘲笑地10. gross adj. overweight; heavy臃肿的，肥胖的11. encompass vt. to form a circle or ring around; surround围绕，环绕：The course will encompass physics, chemistry and biology.课程将包括物理、化学和⽣物学。