Women is not clothing(视听说) 2

⼤学英语视听说2unit6听⼒原⽂视听说unit 6Ⅰ.lead in1. After you have finished listening to the whole unit, you may find that opinions are divided on this issue. Some people believe that good girls should never wear a miniskirt because it is too revealing. On the other hand, there are girls who prefer to break with tradition, play a new, independent role in society, and therefore they choose to wear something daring and rebellious such as a miniskirt. As for me, I'm in favor of the former point of view and don't like those who wear a miniskirt. (I support the latter point of view, for we have to advance with the times.)2. Some people are daring and self-confident by nature. They feel proud of themselves when putting on new, fashionable clothes. They always want to be the center of public attention. On the other hand, some others tend to be shy. The last thing they wish to do is to seek the spotlight. Naturally, they may feel ill at ease with stylish clothes. As far as I'm concerned, I would feel confident/uncomfortable in a new dress. This has something to do with my childhood experiences.3. Obviously fashion shows have been around for a long time in various parts of the world. This fact shows that they are an indispensable part of the modern culture. However, I'd like to point out that the pursuit of fashion should not take up the greater part of our lives. After all, work and study are far more important than fashion shows.4. Some people do treat me differently according to what I'm wearing. They are often called snobs. Fortunately, those people do not represent the majority. Most people judge you by your ability, intelligence and moral integrity rather than by the clothes you're wearing.Ⅲ.listening inTask 1.A Woman's Funny DressLily: Mom, look at that woman. Her dress looks funny.Mother: I wouldn't say that, Lily. It looks fine to me.Lily: Are you kidding? She's out of fashion. That's last year's style.Mother: Oh, come on, as long as it looks good on her.Lily: Wow, you're really as out-dated as she is.Mother: You're right. I'm out of date. So what? What's the point of following the fashion?Lily: No wonder you never buy me new dresses.Task 2.How is fashion decided?Fashion designers design and make fashionable clothes for men and women. They begin trends and create new styles. Paris has been the traditional center of world fashion, though recently British designers have had great influence in setting new styles, and so have certain designers in the United States and Italy. French designers guard the secrets of their new designs until their collections are shown to the public. Then pictures of the styles are published in newspapers and magazines all over the world. People from many countries travel to Paris to buy the clothes and copy the newest ideas. In January they go to see the spring clothes; and in July, to see the autumn designs. Many dress manufacturers from other countries buy the original clothes of the famous French designers. They then take them back to their own sewing rooms, where the clothes are copied and made up in great numbers. That's why you may be able to buy in your town the clothing that is in the latest style without paying a very high price for it. Other manufacturers use the Paris styles simply as a starting point for their own ideas. Still others may adapt only a part of the French design into their own styles.Task 3.Dreaming of Being a Fashion ModelTop fashion models travel all over the world, earn huge salaries and live exciting lives. If you want to be a model, you should know the basic rules. Girls are usually picked to be models when they are between 15 and 22 years old. Ideally, they are tall, long-legged, and thin. The minimum height is about 5'8", and the average weight is 108-125 pounds. A few other important things for a fashion model are clear skin, healthy hair, straight teeth, and a well-shaped body. You'll also need ambition, intelligence, confidence, independence, and will-power.If you've got the right looks but are worried over not being tall enough or fit enough, Kimi is the answer. Kimi is the magic keyto developing your fashion model potential. Kimi is a computer-designed height stimulator. It massages your feet to stimulate a part of your brain that produces more growth hormones. This will give you the fashion model kind of height. You should also go in for some sports like running or basketball. These increase the benefits of using Kimi.Make an important decision today. Order Kimi right now! Don't you think having the height and shape of a fashion model would be wonderful? Yes, Kimi helps you realize your dream.Ⅴ.let’s talkMary Quant was a famous dress designer in the 1960s. Her main contribution to fashion history was the miniskirt. During the 1960s many young people were starting to think women could do more in life than be wives and mothers. Clothes became a weapon in the battle between generations. Anything different and daring was soon popular. During this period miniskirts attracted the world's attention. It was teenagers and very young girls who bought short skirts that displayed their legs. Ms. Quant said that at her fashion shop, young women began demanding shorter and shorter skirts. "If I didn't make them short enough, the girls that had wonderful legs would take scissors and shorten the skirts themselves." she said. Eventually, Ms. Quant's skirts, which arrived in the United States in the mid-60's, were reduced to about five inches. In parts of Europe and North America the miniskirt represented loose morals. Members of the older generation believed good girls would never appear in miniskirts. But in Ms. Quant's opinion, short skirts worn with heavy pantyhose would make the girl look childlike. Lately, feminists have come to see mini as a symbol of women's liberation, as a powerful weapon against the traditional stereotype of the woman simply as wife and mother.Ⅵ.further listening and speakingTask 1.Paying for the New ClothesDaughter: Mom, I need some new clothes. Everything I have is out of date. The new semester will be starting soon -- can we go shopping?Mother: You have a closet full of clothes that are still in very good condition. Your father and I already have to pay your university tuition... and there's the books too."Daughter: But everyone else will be wearing the latest Levis. And I will look stupid wearing the same old skirts I wore in high school. They are so long. People will think I came from the middle ages. Mother: But...Daughter: Maybe I could get a part-time job to help pay for the new clothes.Mother: No, you need to study. But university is a new experience... maybe we can look for something -- not too expensive. Daughter: Wonderful, at least we can have a look.Task 2.A Model's Description of Her WorkBefore the fashion show started, we had a rehearsal. In a small room we were each given a space. A dresser got us into the fashion clothes, then an assistant checked that the style was right -- the correct number of buttons undone, the trousers pulled to the right height. Once dressed, we queued up in order by the door. The fashion designer checked that the clothing was as he wanted. The music started, and we went out. We posed for the photographers, turned and walked back. It was a breeze. I walked back into the room, too excited to realize I was meant to hurry. In the few steps from the door you can throw off quite a few layers of clothing. By failing to do so, I almost missed my next turn.At 8:30 p.m., with the audience in place, we were back in the clothes. We went out again, to a full house. The music was loud, but clear. You could hear the talking -- fashion shows are not theatre, and people don't keep quiet. Journalists discuss what to write about; buyers discuss whether they can make a profit from the clothes. And although you have been chosen for your looks that are suitable for certain dresses, as a model, you are just an advertisement for the designer. So you walk through conversations, unable to stop or react. You are not a creative human being, just a smiling doll.。

Unit 2Listen1-1 If you're invited to an American friend's home for dinner, keep in mind these generalrules for polite behavior. First of all, arrive approximately on time (but not early). Americans expect promptness. Being a few minutes late might give the host more time to get dressed or finish preparing the dinner, so it's OK to be 10 or 15 minutes late but not 45 minutes late. Dinner might be overcooked and ruined by then. When you're invited to someone's home for a meal, it's polite to bring a small gift. Flowers or candies are always appropriate. If you have an attractive item made in your native country, your host would certainly enjoy receiving that as a gift.If you are served some food that you don't like or can't eat, don't make a fuss about it. If your host doesn't say anything about what you aren't eating, then you shouldn't, either. Simply eat what you can and hope that no one notices what you left. If you are questioned, you may have to admit that you don't eat meat (or whatever), but you can also say that you've enjoyed the other foods and have had "more than enough" to eat. Don't make the host feel obliged to prepare something else for you. Be sure to compliment the host on the food that you enjoyed.Don't leave immediately after dinner, but don't overstay your welcome, either. When your friend seems to be getting tired and running out of conversation, take their behavior as a cue to leave. The next day, call or write a thank-you note to say how much you enjoyed the evening.Listen2-1Americans are usually tolerant of non-native speakers who have some trouble understanding English. But they become annoyed when a person pretends to understand but doesn't really. This creates problems when he misunderstands what is said. No one wants soap when he asks for soup. So if you don't understand what is said to you, admit it and politely ask the person to repeat or explain. All you have to say is, "Excuse me, would you mind repeating what you said I didn't understand."Second, it is quite rude to converse with a companion in your native language and leave your American friends standing there feeling uncomfortable because they can't understand the conversation. The Americans may also feel that you are talking about them or saying something you don't want them to hear. If you have to switch to your native language to explain something to a non-English-speaking companion, then at least translate for your American friends so they don't feel left out.Statements:1.Americans will get impatient if a person can't understand English.2.Sometimes it is wise to pretend to understand what one actually doesn't in order to avoid embarrassment.3.Asking for repetition or explanation is not considered good manners when talking with Americans.4.It is impolite for people to talk in their native language in the presence of Americans.5.Americans may feel uncomfortable when they can't understand the conversation of non-English speakers.Mlisten1-1One winter day in San Francisco, a woman in a red car drove up to a tollbooth. The back seat of her car had a pile of colorful Christmas gifts on it. She smiled at the tollbooth operator and said, "I'm paying for myself, and for the six cars behind me." She handed the operator seven toll tickets and drove on. As the next six cars arrived at the tollbooth, the operator told each driver, "A lady up ahead paid your toll. Have a nice day."Why did the lady do this As she told her husband later, "I read a card taped on my friend's refrigerator. It said, 'Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.' I liked that phrase and copied it for myself. Paying the tolls was a little act of random kindness I could do."Now all over the ., it is becoming a popular phrase. One can see it on car bumper stickers, on walls, and even on business cards. Random acts of kindness are easy to perform if one is looking for opportunities. In Portland, a man might put a coin in a stranger's parking meter just in time to save that person from getting fined for overtime parking. In Chicago, a teenage boy may shovel snow not only from his driveway but also his neighbor's driveway. Undoubtedly thousands of random acts of kindness occur every day.What are some senseless acts of beauty A person might plant flowers along a highway. Another might clean graffiti from a city park bench. Yet another might pick up litter from the street and put it in a trash can.You should remember this phrase and put it into action. Not only will you help others, but you will feel better yourself since you have helped the world to become a better place. And who knows The people you help might well be inspired to help someone else later. It's a "win-win" situation. Statements:1.The woman paid for the six cars behind her as a Christmas gift.2.The woman taped a card on her refrigerator that reads: Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.3.Random acts of kindness are not difficult to perform.4.One can see graffiti everywhere in the .5.People sometimes do good unconsciously.6.The world can become a better place because of the little acts of kindness and beauty.7.The people you help may well help someone else later.8.Random acts of kindness and beauty do good to all parties involved.Mlisten2-1Don't talk with your mouth full.Keep your elbows off the table.Say "thank you".Any of those sound familiarChances are, if you observe a parent, he or she has repeated at least one of those lines a few thousand times. Etiquette experts and people who work with children tend to agree that teaching the children good manners is more than worth the effort. Good manners can definitely begin at home. Veronica tries to teach her 5-year-old son Matthew about the importance of the Golden Rule in words that he can understand. "You need to treat people the way you want to be treated," she tells Matthew.According to etiquette experts, teaching by example is the best approach. By using good manners,parents can be role models for their children, who often learn by imitation. "At 2 years old, they're watching," experts say. "You know, monkey see, monkey do." They also advise parents to begin introducing their toddlers to simple words like "please", "thank you", "excuse me", and "I'm sorry". "It's never too soon to start teaching them," they say. "When they're sitting up in the high chair, you can start."By teaching children good manners and then helping them practice, parents are doing their children a great service. It's not just about being polite and well-mannered in the short run. Ultimately, as they grow and they're better-behaved, they'll go on to greater success in their lives and be better liked.But home is not the only teaching environment when it comes to manners and etiquette. More and more schools are looking for ways to instill good manners in their students.Statements:1.All parents try to teach their children good manners.2.You need to treat people the way you want to be treated.3.Monkeys are especially good at imitating small children.4.Parents should set an example to their children when teaching them good manners.5.Parents are helping their children in the long run by teaching them good manners.6.Both parents and teachers are responsible for the teaching of etiquette.Questions:1.What manners do parents teach their children2.What is the Golden Rule3.What is the best way for parents to teach their children good manners4.What's the appropriate time to start teaching children manners5.What is the ultimate goal of teaching children good mannersMlisten3-1(Four students are sitting in a dorm lounge, casually watching TV.)Wayne: You know, people lie to us all the time! That advertiser on TV just told me that all I have to do to be attractive is to drink the right kind of beer. I don't even like beer!Celia:And I've seen the same kind of ads for different clothing brands. I don't see how anyone can believe all of that stuff.Heather:It's not just TV ads. Religious leaders tell us that if we attend their church we'll be happy and politicians tell us if we vote for their party members the nation's problems willdisappear. Not true!!Randy:I think most of us are smart enough to figure out that these things are lies. But it really irritates me when people have the arrogance to start their sentences to others by saying"You need to" do something when they really mean "I need you to" or "I want you to".That's a kind of lying too.Celia:You're right. In fact it's really rude because it implies that other people lack the intelligence to determine for themselves where their interests are and to actaccordingly.Heather:My dad has talked about a person in his office who does this a lot. He's creating a bad work environment and it's obvious that the co-workers are getting tired of beingordered around like this. They know what they should do and want to do it their way. Wayne:I imagine that even the boss should be careful in this respect. If he's rude to his employees by implying they don't know what they're doing, they won't put forth theirbest effort.Celia:Since we started talking now, I've been thinking about a friend I had in high school. She kept telling me what I "needed" to do. After a while I realized it was her way of gettingme to do what she wanted. Needless to say, our friendship ended. And it was a kind oflying on her part because she wasn't saying that what I "needed" to do was really whatshe "wanted" me to do. It took me a while to figure that out.Randy:I guess there are all sorts of ways to lie. We'd better watch out, rightOthers:Right.Mlisten4-1(Paul and Joyce are going to a movie.)Paul: Hurry up, Joyce. We need to leave now if we're going to get to the theater a half hour before the feature begins.Joyce:Why on earth do we need to be there that early The theater is never even half full. I've also been wondering if we should take the kids with us, even though Mom is here withthem.Paul:Leave the kids at home. We're not going to a kid's movie like Harry Potter. When I went to the movies that night you went to play bridge it looked like a day care center in thetheater. Strollers were flying down the aisle, kids were restless and obviously bored, sostarted whining for candy, and there was even a fight.Joyce:My goodness! What happenedPaul:One other patron who was trying to enjoy the movie told the parents of some noisy children behind him to shut their kids up. The father of the noisy kids hit the complainerand that led to a fight. The police had to be brought in.Joyce:I'm ready to go, but you still haven't told me why we need to be so early.Paul:Actually I like to watch the people. For some just choosing a seat is a major decision. They stand in the middle of the aisle juggling coats, popcorn and Cokes, almost overwhelmedby having to choose. You can almost read their thoughts. Should I sit down in front, orwill that be too close Is this too far back That man is tall. I won't be able to see the movieif I sit behind him. I'd love to sit close to the middle, but then I'd have to sit close to thatbig group of teenagers. Oh, dear! The lights are dimming and I haven't made up my mind.I won't be able to see where I'm going.Joyce:You aren't the only one to notice such things. Many people choose their seats, find they are unsatisfied, so move. I've watched a few couples go from one spot to another four orfive times before settling down.Paul:While we're on the topic, my other pet peeve is people who won't be quiet during the movie. They comment on everything. "What a cute puppy," they say when they see a dogappear. "I have a lamp like that at home but mine's red." And on it goes.Joyce:I don't like the people behind me to sit and chew popcorn noisily. It's possible to be quiet but they don't try. They just keep on chewing and then start on a big box of candy.Paul:So let's go! We'll try to find a good seat, look around us a bit, and then we'll sit down and shut up.Questions:1. Why does Paul decide not to take kids to the movie？2. Why was there a fight the other night？3. Why do some people find it difficult to decide which seat totake？4. What problem troubles the couple at the theater？5. Which of the following is true according to the dialog？Quiz1-1China is known as a state of etiquette and ceremonies. Many proverbs have been passed down from generation to generation such as "Civility costs nothing" or "Courtesy demands reciprocity" and so on. For instance, there is an interesting short story. Once upon a time, a man went on a long tour to visit his friend with a swan as a gift. But it escaped from the cage on the way and in his effort to catch it, he got hold of nothing but a feather. Instead of returning home, he continued his journey with the swan feather. When his friend received this unexpected gift, he was deeply moved by the story as well as the sincerity. And the saying "The gift is nothing much, but it's the thought that counts" was spread far and wide.Chinese used to cup one hand in the other before the chest as a salute. This tradition has a history of more than 2,000 years and nowadays it is seldom used except in the Spring Festival. And shaking hands is more popular and appropriate on some formal occasions. Bowing, to convey respect to the higher level, was often used by the lower like subordinates and attendants. But at present, things are quite different. Chinese youngsters tend to simply nod as a greeting. To some extent this evolution reflects the ever-increasing pace of modern life.Quiz2-1Writing a thank-you letter after an interview doesn't just show a candidate's manners—it can also make or break their chances of landing a job. Nearly 15 percent of hiring managers say they would not hire someone who failed to send a thank-you letter after the interview. 32 percent say they would still consider the candidate, but would think less of him or her, according to a recent survey. The survey, "How to Get in the Front Door", included more than 650 hiring managers.Although most hiring managers expect to receive a thank-you note, format preferences differ. One-in-four hiring managers prefer to receive a thank-you note in e-mail form only, 19 percent want the e-mail followed up with a hard copy, 21 percent want a typed hard copy only and 23 percent prefer just a handwritten note.According to the survey, no matter which format you choose, it's crucial to act quickly when sending a thank-you letter to your interviewer. 26 percent of hiring managers expect to have theletter in hand two days after the interview, and 36 percent to have it within three to five days. Sending the letter quickly reinforces your enthusiasm for the job, and helps keep you top-of-mind for the interviewer.Statements:1.Sending a thank-you letter after the interview adds to one's chances of getting a job.2.32 percent of hiring managers would not consider the applicant who does not write a thank-you letter.3.650 hiring managers advise people on how to climb up the ladder in their career.4.As to the format of the thank-you note, most hiring managers prefer an e-mail.5.19 percent of hiring managers want a thank-you note in e-mail form followed up with a hard copy.6.Sending a thank-you letter to the interviewer promptly is of vital importance.Quiz3-1One day many years ago, Swift Eagle visited some friends on an Indian reservation in central New York. While he was out walking, he heard sounds of boys playing in the bushes."There's another one. Shoot it!" said one of the boys.When he pushed through the bush to see what was happening, he found that they had been shooting small birds with a gun. They had already killed three. The boys looked up at him, uncertain what he was going to do or say.As an Indian bird lover, Swift Eagle might have given a stern lecture on the evil of killing birds or threatened to tell the boys' parents about their wrongdoing. However, he did something else."Ah," he said, "I see you have been hunting. Pick up your game and come with me."He led the boys to a place where they could make a fire and cook the birds. He made sure they said a thank-you to the spirits of the birds before eating them, and as they ate he told stories. It was important, he said, to be thankful to the birds for the gifts of their songs, their feathers, and their bodies as food. The last thing he said to them they never forgot—for it was one of those boys who told me this story many years later. "You know, our Creator gave the gift of life to everything that is alive. Life is a very sacred thing. But our Creator knows that we have to eat to stay alive. That is why it is permitted to hunt to feed ourselves and our people. So I understand that you boys must have been very, very hungry to kill those little birds..."Thus children were taught the values of their culture through example and stories. Instead of scolding or lecturing them, Swift Eagle showed the boys how to build a fire and cook the game they had shot, giving the birds the same respect he would have given a rabbit or deer. He told stories that pointed out the value of those birds as living beings. What he did taught the boys more than a hundred lectures would have done, and the lesson stayed with them all their lives.Questions:1. What is true about Swift Eagle？2. What did he do when he found the boys killing birds？3. What did the boys do afterwards？4. What did Swift Eagle tell the boys to do？5. What lessons did the boys learn from this experienceSview1-1Tom: Hey, George. Still studying the textbooks, huh When are you going to relax George:I am relaxing! I happen to find textbooks interesting, especially the psychology course. This one is talking about some amazing experiments with chimpanzees.Do you know, psychologists have taught some chimpanzees to communicate Jess:What... you mean talkGeorge:No, they can't talk. They don't have the vocal equipment that we have. But they can be taught sign language, for example.Jess:Yes, they're certainly very intelligent.George:They're actually our nearest animal relatives. Do you know we share 98% of our DNA with chimpanzeesTom:Wow, that's a lot. We really are cousins, aren't weGeorge:So, what have you pair been doingJess:Well, while you were reading about our nearest animal relatives, we've been actually visiting them!George:What do you meanTom:We've been to the City Zoo, and the most interesting animal there was probably Phyllis, the chimpanzee.George:Oh, yes, I've read about her. She enjoys interacting with the crowds.Tom:She certainly does. She was really taken with Jess, for example, and I think she must have been trained by one of your psychologists, because she could do signlanguage.George:ReallyTom:Look, I'll demonstrate. Jess, I'm Phyllis, OK Let's show George. (Tom waves his arms above head and hoots.)Jess:(She laughs.) Well, first I waved to her and then she waved back. (Tom waves his arms again.) Yeah, and then I waved both arms above my head, and Phyllis didthe same! (Tom waves his arms a third time.) But the funniest part was when Iput on my sunglasses, Phyllis pretended to do the same! (Tom imitates a chimpputting on sunglasses.)George:Yes, those are all excellent examples of chimps imitating human beings, though whether it can be called sign language or communication is debatable. And Tom,you do a great chimpanzee!Tom:Well, whatever it was, it was really funny, and the crowd just loved it, especially the little kids.Jess:Yeah, it was really great, and up to that point it looked as if Phyllis was enjoying herself too. (She looks suddenly sad and uncomfortable.) But then somethingreally rather gross happened.George:Oh What was thatJess:Well, there was a young man smoking a cigarette. Phyllis went up as close as she could get and started to peer at the guy. Then she started to imitate himsmoking, which of course made everyone laugh again.George:So, what was wrong with thatJess:Well, then the young man deliberately dropped the cigarette into the enclosure.Phyllis picked it up and started smoking it herself!Tom:Yeah, it was hilarious! You know, she coughed a bit at first (He imitates the chimp smoking and coughing.), but... but then she seemed to start enjoying it.And the crowd loved it!Jess:Yes, but I didn't. I thought it was terrible. I mean, smoking is not good for humans, it can't possibly be good for apes! I thought the young man was really...very stupid.George:Yes, there are notices up all over the place, aren't there You mustn't feed the animals, and certainly not give them anything harmful.Jess:But what happened next was even more upsetting. Phyllis finished the cigarette, and wanted another one. But the young man just lit one for himself and tauntedher with it, you know (She demonstrates taunting.) He wouldn't even give it toher, and she began behaving really badly.George:Behaving... badlyTom:Yes, she started screaming (He imitates the chimp being angry), and she's making threatening gestures, then she began throwing things at the crowd,like... branches from the tree, or stones. It was as if she was being deliberatelyrude.George:Oh, come on, Tom, animals can't be rude. And she wasn't behaving badly; she was just reacting with aggression to a situation that was frustrating her. It wasn'ther fault. She didn't ask to be locked in a cage, and have crowds come and laughat her, did sheJess:I agree. I think the one who was behaving badly was the idiot with the cigarette. George:And you, what about your behaviorTom & Jess:Our behaviorGeorge:Yes, did you tell that young man he shouldn't behave like that to an animal, that it was cruel and possibly dangerousJess:(She looks shamefaced.) No, I'm afraid we didn't... we just walked away. I suppose we didn't want to get into a fight.Tom:Oh, come on, Jess, lighten up. It was only a bit of fun!Jess:I don't agree, Tom. I take George's point. No matter how intelligent chimpanzees are, they are still only wild animals. We shouldn't treat them badly. It reflectsbadly upon us. We're supposed to be the superior animal.George:Excuse me a second, you guys, I just want to catch the news. I want to know the result of the big match. (He turns on his transistor radio and holds it to his ear.)(It sounds tinny in the background as Jess and Tom continue.)Tom:OK, I accept that it was bad behavior on the part of the guy with the cigarette,and I suppose we could have been a bit more responsible ourselves and saidsomething. But after all, nobody got hurt, nobody died for heaven's sake... George:Oh no! My gosh! Listen to this! (He turns up his radio.)News Reporter:... Phyllis was taken to the City Animal Clinic where veterinarians are trying tosave her life. It appears that someone had dropped or thrown a full pack ofcigarettes into the animal's enclosure, and the chimpanzee had eaten most ofthe pack. She is now suffering from acute nicotine poisoning. Doctors haveadministered a stomach pump, and say that there is only a fifty-fifty chance ofthe animal surviving. At a meeting in Scotland, the Prime Minister has met withthe American President... (The voice fades out as Jess turns the set off. The threelook at each other, shocked. )Jess:Oh, I feel terrible.Tom:Eating a whole pack of cigarettes! What a stupid thing to do!George:That's not the stupid thing, Tom. She is just an animal. The really stupid action was done by whoever threw the pack into the cage.Jess:Do you think it was the same guyTom:Don't know. Probably. (He sighs.) We should have done something, shouldn't we Jess:(She sighs.) Yes. It was us human beings who have acted badly, not the chimp. George:But it's the poor animal that is suffering.Jess:Poor Phyllis. I do hope she recovers.Tom:Yeah. And I hope next time I have the courage to speak up if I see something like that happening again.Jess:Mm. Me too.。

Listening intask1The son wants to buy a pair of his old oneslook kind of But the father thinks there is stillin the old shoes. The son points out that in anMing claims that these shoes give The father, on the other hand, says that he does not make as muchspring. What's more, the advertiser may give himwearing the shoes in the ad. To this the sonof the shoes. Rather, there must be something else. The son knows hisfather means things like dedication. Finally theYour answer Correct answer(1) shoes shoes(2) funny funny(3) a lot of life a lot of life(4) ad ad(5) extra spring extra spring(6) money money(7) dollers millions of dollars(8) for nothing for nothing(9) reach the top reach the top(10) hard work hard work(11) focus on focus on(12) get forget1. The firm has been asked to change the wording of its advertisingbecause it prejudices against friendly people.(A)True(B)False2. Travelco is looking for an employee to provide food for its staff.(A)True(B)False3. Mr. Smith agreed to the decision to remove the word "friendly" fromthe advertisement.(A)True(B)False4. The job center intends to set guidelines of not using personalitycharacteristics in advertisements.(A)True(B)False5. According to an official of the job center, the local judges willdetermine the results of the dispute.(A)True(B)False1.How does the Pepsi commercial begin?(A)Shaq is playing basketball while a kid is looking on.(B)Shaq drinks Pepsi while a kid plays basketball.(C)Shaq and a kid are both drinking Pepsi.(D)Shaq is teaching a kid to play basketball.2.Why does Shaq walk toward the kid?(A)Because he wants to know if the kid admires him.(B)Because he wants to ask the kid for the Pepsi.(C)Because he is going to buy a Pepsi from the kid.(D)Because he likes the kid.3.What is the Pepsi commercial trying to say?(A) The basketball star has a stronger appeal to the kidthan anything else.(B) Pepsi has a stronger appeal to the kid than thebasketball star does.(C)The kid likes basketball better than anything else.(D)Pepsi is better than Coca-Cola.4.What is the Coca-Cola commercial trying to tell us?(A)Coke is more valuable than any other souvenir.(B) The boy likes Coke better than the football star'stowel.(C)The football star likes Coke very much.(D)Coke is superior to other drinks.5.What does the road sign in New York City mean?(A) While parking, don't think too much about anythingelse.(B)The road there is dangerous.(C)Parking there is not allowed.(D)Parking is permitted only beside the road sign. 1. An advertiser should begin with what benefits consumers can get.(A)True(B)False2. In an advertisement you should use such pronouns as you, we and I,but not yours, ours and mine.(A)True(B)False3. Both an extra number and a percentage can be used in an ad.(A)True(B)False4. In an advertisement you should use many adverbs to modify verbs toconvey a sense of action and urgency.(A)True(B)False5. At the end of your ad, you need to tell consumers what they shoulddo next.(A)True(B)False1. What have many countries done to discourage smoking?Your answer Correct answerbanned tobacco ads banned tobacco ads / bannedcigarette ads2. What kind of tobacco advertising is not allowed in the United States?Your answer Correct answeryoung people smoking cigarettes young people smoking cigarettes3. What do advertisers do with the law against cigarette ads aimed atyouth?Your answer Correct answerways around the law ways around the law 4. Why do cigarette manufacturers want to target young people?of lung cancer.Your answer Correct answer(1) new customers new customers(2) old ones old ones5. According to the woman, what should the Student Union do?Your answer Correct answersmoking on campus smoking on campus1.What is true of the contemporary business world?(A)Supply usually outnumbers demand.(B)Demand usually outnumbers supply.(C)Supply is usually equal to demand.(D)When supply exceeds demand, prices rise.2.What is NOT mentioned in the passage?(A)Manufacturers advertise their products in newspapers.(B)Manufacturers advertise their products through songs.(C) Manufacturers advertise their products by sponsoringsporting events.(D) Manufacturers advertise their products throughsalesgirls.3.According to the passage, what is the most important means of advertising?(A)The cinema.(B)The television.(C)The newspaper.(D)The radio.4.According to the passage, why can advertisements influence people?(A)Because ads are cleverly designed.(B)Because many people are eager to buy.(C) Because people like ads even if they know ads may not betelling the truth.(D) Because people believe what ads say without thinking ifthe ads are true.5.What is the passage discussing?(A)The importance of advertising.(B)Various ways of advertising.(C)The successes and failures of advertising.(D)The causes, methods and effects of advertising.1. A small range of good-quality items is being sold at the store.(A)True(B)False2. "An easy rent-to-own plan" probably means a plan to help customersrent something until finally they own it.(A)True(B)False3. The maximum price of a digital piano is 399 dollars.(A)True(B)False4. Major items are delivered free of charge.(A)True(B)False5. The ad encourages customers to go further outside the city to findbetter and cheaper furniture.(A)True(B)False单元测试Part I ScriptDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers.Use the second playing to check your answers.1.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Because short slogans are refreshing.B. Because short slogans can catch busy people's attention.C. Because only short slogans are impressive.D. Because the Coca-Cola company has set a good example.2.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man asks for some money to buy bread.B. The woman spends a lot of money shopping.C. The woman wants to buy some spring clothes for the man.D. The man is quite angry at the woman not buying him bread.3.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Ads should be made by local people.B. The lipstick ad is more effective in Germany.C. Ads should be adapted for particular places.D. The same ad can be used in various places.4.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. To show how fast one can buy things with the card.B. To show how much he likes the card.C. To express his disagreement with the woman.D. To express his agreement with the woman.5.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. She is a loyal customer to Nokia.B. She is a loyal customer to Ericsson.C. She is easily influenced by advertisements.D. She is a tough consumer.Part II ScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then fill in the blanks with the missing words. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time to write the missing words. Use the second playing to check your answers.W:So, Mr. Smith, you want to increase ridership on the buses.M:W:Certainly we can. First, we mustM:How do you do that?W:Well, we'llabout taking the bus. We'll investigateso on.M:Will that work?W:It workswe can see who we canYour answer Correct answer(1)We do We do(2)change the image change the image(3)do some survice do some surveys(4)different dates different age groups(5)all the time all the time(6)users your users(7)target it targetPart III ScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a purpose of advertising?A. To encourage listeners to buy a product.B. To persuade readers to support an organization.C. To encourage readers to get rid of a certain idea.D. To persuade listeners to agree with a certain idea.2.According to the passage, who is most likely to pay for an ad?A. The advertiser.B. An advertising agency.C. The retailer.D. The shop.3.Which of the following is second in importance?A. Local advertising.B. Trade advertising.C. National advertising.D. Professional advertising.4.Which of the following is true of direct mail?A. Mail advertisements go to people with certain characteristics.B. Mail advertisements go to producers rather than professionals.C. Mail advertisements are more effective than TV commercials.D. Mail advertisements are more expensive than other forms ofadvertisements.5.What is the passage mainly talking about?A. The role of advertising in modern society.B. The definition and classification of ads.C. The effects of various types of ads.D. The importance of various types of ads.Part IVDirections: Choose the best answer to each of the following statements.1.Dad, I need some new shoes. My old ones look ______ funny.A. kindB. a kindC. kind ofD. a kind of2.They probably give Yao Ming millions of dollars to wear those shoes.But if you bought me the shoes, I'd wear them ________.A. nothingB. with nothingC. in nothingD. for nothing3.In the States, advertisers are not allowed ________ young peoplesmoking cigarettes.A. showB. showingC. to showD. to be shown4.Cigarette manufacturers need to keep _______ new customers.A. bringing aboutB. bringing toC. bringing forwardD. bringing in5.Manufacturers often spend large _______ of money on theadvertisements.A. volumesB. numbersC. sumsD. dollars6."Don't _____ think about it!" is an expression commonly used in theUnited States when a person emphatically denies another personsomething.A. soB. reallyC. evenD. ever7.It is _____________ for us to specify what kind of people we want.A. too only naturalB. only too naturalC. too natural onlyD. only natural too8.Advertisers keep finding ways _____ the law.A. overB. aboutC. roundD. around9.Our student union should ___________ against smoking on campus.A. make some publicityB. do some publicityC. make some publicationD. do some publication10.We have everything you need. Stereos, video machines, refrigerators,dining room tables. _______; we have it.A. Naming itB. To name itC. You name itD. You put a name on it。

Unit 2-Conversation 1Kate: Come in. Hey, Janet.Ja n et: Hi Kate, are you busy?Kate: Yes, I'm just doing an essay. But it's great to see you. So what's new?Janet: Well, nothing much.Kate: You look a bit fed up. What's bugging you?Janet: Well, I had a phone call from my parents and it made me feel homesick. It happens every time they call, and it gets me down.Kate: I'm sorry to hear that. I know how you feel. I love speaking to my mum and dad, but I always feel miserable after the call.Janet: My dad doesn't say much, and I want to speak to him, but I wish I knew what to say.Kate: Don't let it get to you. My dad doesn't say much on the phone either. I call, he answers the phone, and says, "Hi, I'll pass you to your mother." It's really irritating.Janet: But I miss him and my mother a lot, and I like to hear his voice.Kate: Just tell him what you're up to.Janet: Sometimes I feel as if I made a mistake leaving home and coming to Oxford. Sometimes I feel like a moody teenager.Kate: Try not to worry about it, Janet. It's normal to feel like that. I understand how you feel, but I bet everything will be fine next term. You'll get used to it. Hey, why don't you do what I do?Janet: What's that?Kate: When my dad calls, I ask him for more money! He usually says no, but at least I get to hear his voice!Janet: Maybe. I'm sorry to take up your time, Kate, but I must go now. Bye!Kate: Wait a minute ...!Unit 2-Conversation 2Kate: I think I may have upset Janet last night.Mark: What happened?Kate: She came to see me. I was busy doing an essay but I was really pleased to see her. She'd had a call fromhome, and said she was feeling homesick.Mark: Poor kid! It must be tough when you guys living so far away from home.Kate: I tried to make her laugh, told her not to worry about it, and that it was normal to feel miserable. Suddenlyshe looked miserable, and then she got up and said, "I must go now" and left my room. It was really sudden. I feltas if I'd said something wrong.Mark:Maybe she was just being polite. It was probably because she realized you were working and didn't want to disturb you.Kate: I just wonder if she found it difficult to talk about her feelings with me. Maybe I shouldn't have tried tomake her laugh? Perhaps she thought I wasn't taking her seriously.Mark: I wouldn't worry about it. Put yourself in her shoes. How would you feel if you were a student at college in China?Kate: I know. That's why I feel bad. If only she had stayed longer! I wish I could have helped her more.Janet: Hey, everyone!Mark: Hi Janet, you look cheerful!Janet: Yes, I've just got my essay back. I got an alpha minus! Kate: What an amazing grade! Well done.Mark: I'm really happy for you, Janet.Janet: I feel on top of the world!Unit 2-Outside viewSebastienHi. I'm Sebastien. I'm from Germany. Um, the idea of IQ of a measure of your brain power has been around for a while, but recently there's been this new idea of the EQ - your emotional quotient. And by now, it's actually almost being regarded as more important. If you look at it, businesses will... Well, they will prefer employing people with great EQ. Well, of course, IQ cannot be disregarded, but um, EQ does have its importance as well. Uh, I believe that, um,... I mean, people, most people will have, um, their basic means of communicating with other people. Most people are somewhat socially adept, and just like most people have, you know, a basic general knowledge. But then, what I think really is the difference between IQ and EQ, I mean, you can have a "brainiac", and they will be great at most things they do, but if you just can't get along with him, if you just can't communicate with him, I mean, you know, he's not really that useful.KimHi. This is Kim. I'm originally from Korea, and I was raised in California. And today, we are going to talk about the differences between IQ and EQ -IQ meaning your intelligence, EQ meaning your emotions. Now, in ... WhenI was, when I was a little, little boy in Korea, I had totake ... I think I'd taken like two or three IQ tests before the age often, which is when I moved to California. So, I guess we stress a lot of importance on intelligence, on having great IQ1 scores. But after I moved to the States, I learnt how to associate with people, and along the lines that this word EQ came up, you know, emotional, caring lout... It's basically how you deal with people, how you make people feel, and how people make you feel. t hink they're equally as, as important, but it seems that in the Eastern world they kind of stress on that a lot more back in the days. But Ithink again, you know, now that with Internet and people are communicating so much faster, there's a better mixtureof the two I link. There's a stress on EQ in Korea as well, and a stress on IQ in the State s. Thank you.TedHello. My name is Ted, and I'm from the United Statesof America. Today, I'm going to talk a little bit about IQ orEQ - which is most important, or which is more important. Now, for a long time when I was growing up, people said, "IQ. What's your IQ? Take an IQ test." But then EQ, your emotions, how you interact with people, that became very important. And I think they're ... that people might be onto something with that, because your EQ - how you deal with people, how you interact with people - is important. Now, a big part of this, in my opinion, is listening. I know I'm talking a lot right now, but if you want to get along well with people, you have to listen to them, so just take a minute, maybe shut your mouth for a minute, and listen to others, and then you can understand and communicate with them in a better way. So, part of EQ, I think, is listening - listening to others - and it can be more important than IQ.Unit 2-Listening inNews reportAccording to recent studies, the number one fear people have above everything else, including death, is of public speaking. People can become very anxious when they have to speak in front of an audience. The symptoms can range from slight nervousness with hands shaking or sweating to full-on panic: the heart beating very quickly, the body shaking, the inability to speak or move.The symptoms of fear of public speaking can begin before the event. People imagine that they will forget what they are going to say, or imagine that the audience will see how nervous they look and will think badly of them. The cause of their fear of public speaking is their belief that they will fail and be embarrassed.Researchers say that the fear of public speaking is associated with the fear of rejection. People who have to stand up in front of an audience believe that the audience will not like them or will not like what they say, and will reject or make fun of them.1 What is the news report mainly about?2 Why do people fear public speaking according to researchers?Passage 1Presenter We're fortunate to have as our guest today Dr Jenna Hudson, who has just written a book about how colours affect us in our surroundings, especially in the world of advertising. It's called Market Colours. Dr Hudson, which are the most common colours in advertising and marketing?Dr Hudson Well, of course, it depends what image the marketing team wish to project with their products. So for example, we often think of blue as a cold colour, but it also makes you feel peaceful, quiet, and it doesn't suggest strong emotions. So it's a favourite for banks and insurance companies, who wish to suggest the image that they are trustworthy. And for selling products, it's often used to suggest something is pure and fresh. Presenter What about red?Dr Hudson You can sell almost anything with red.It's a hot colour, which suggests a feeling of energy and even passion. It grabs your attention, and can make people buy almost anything. You often see red on magazine covers. But if you use it too much, it looks cheap and may make people tired. And orange has a similar effect to red, it's upbeat and happy, it suggests pleasant feelings and images. Most people react well to orange, and it's especially popular in advertising and on packaging for baked food.Presenter What about yellow, for instance?Dr Hudson Yellow is the colour of sunshine and it's a positive, happy colour, so it's used a lot in advertising. But it's also often used for warning signs, direction signs, and so on, where you have to read the message quickly and at a distance. Presenter What about less popular colours for advertising?Dr Hudson Surprisingly, green isn't used much in advertising except for garden products, It's friendly and restful. It can be cool and soothing, the colour of apples and mint, but it can also be quite strong and many people associate it with unpleasant ideas of decay or slimy creatures. Presenter But most colours are not primary colours, they're a combination.Dr Hudson Absolutely. So yellow-orange is common, and often used to give an impression of style and class, it looks like gold. But it's not often used in letters because it's not very strong. And yellow-green reminds people of feeling sick. Blue-green works well as a cool colour, suggesting freshness, and is sometimes used for toothpaste products, bathroom products, food and household cleaning products. It has many of the advantages of blue without the disadvantages of green. Presenter Fascinating. Thank you very much, Dr Hudson. Market Colours by Dr Jenna Hudson is on sale from next week, priced £15.99...Passage2Presenter What makes you embarrassed, Sally?Sally Oh, I'm easily embarrassed. If anybody notices me or looks at me, I get very embarrassed. When people sing me Happy Birthday on my birthday, I get very embarrassed. Presenter And what makes you upset?Sally When people are selfish, people who think only of themselves. And cruelty -I can't bear people who are cruel, especially to animals or children.Presenter Jake, what makes you depressed?Jake I hate it when it rains, and I don't like people who look down on me, who think they're superior to me without any reason.Presenter And what makes you angry?Jake When people don't behave properly in public, bad behaviour like dropping litter or people pushing each other on the bus or the train.Presenter Andrew, what makes you cheerful?Andrew I like to see everyone around me being happyand having a positive attitude towards the future, optimistic people.Presenter And what makes you jealous?Andrew Well, to be honest, I just never feel jealous. I can't see the point of it.Presenter Monica, what makes you proud?Monica I'm proud when I'm successful, especially in my work. Being recognized by my boss for what I can do makes me feel really proud. Oh, and my family. I'm very proud of them.Presenter And what makes you nervous?Monica Every time I teach a new class. Thenight before I'm very nervous. You don't know whatthe kids are going to be like and how they might behave, or if they're going to like you.Presenter Anything else?Monica Doing interviews like this.。

新视野大学英语视听说4听力答案(全)(共18页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-新视野大学英语视听说教程4第二版答案Unit 1 enjoy your feelings!Basic listening practiceKeys: CBDADl Listening InTask 1 what a clumsy man!Keys: ACDCBTask 2 causes of depressionKeys:(1)families (2)chemicals (3)information (4)certain symptoms (5)self-esteem (6)thinking patterns (7)mood (8)divorce (9)physical abuse (10)financial difficulties (11)stress (12)anxietyTask 3 happiness indexKeys: BDAACl Let’s TalkKeys: (1) shy (2) crying (3)scared (4) came down (5) fun (6) nice (7) two sisters (8) argue (9) touch (10) bad time (11) speak (12)comfortable (13) brother (14) adults (15) children (16) secondary (17) growing up (18) learnl Further Listening and SpeakingTask 1(S1) owner(S2) running(S3) drop(S4) run(S5) local(S6) yelling(S7) lives(S8) As he’s picking himself up, he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall.(S9) The bartender nervously hands the big man a beer, hands shaking.(S10) “I got to get out of town! Don’t you hear Big John is coming”Task 2 Reason and emotionKeys: ABCCDTask 3 Every cloud has a silver liningKeys: TFFTFl Viewing and speakingKeys： (1) Seven (2) 150 (3) favourite (4) bridge (5) 111 (6) fast (7) Simple (8) trusted (9) stupid (10) did (11) No way (12) ultimate (13) limits (14) skywards (15)60 (16)cheapUnit1 Unit testCDBCD(1)over (2) companionship (3) lover (4) definition (5) scarce (6) diary (7) sight(8)Thank God, I've done my duty(9)In a workforce made up entirely of happy people, the competitive edge would soon be lost(10)It may take centuries before philosophers and scientists canarrive at a clear definition of happinessBADCCADCAB CBDAAUnit 2IKeys：f d a e h i b c jIIKeys：BACDBIII 1Keys：CAADB2the end discounts T-shirts big-name brands Interchangeable pieces black trousers several times simplest stylish and fashionable3Keys: ABACDV Let’s talkTask 1 wealthy clothing styles figure slimmer constructionlight larger formal brightly colored the rich and the poor one class occasions Poorer peopleFurther listening > Task 1CAABATask 2BABABTask 31 She chose two colors, then built her wardrobe around them.2 She has a pair of black dress slacks, with black shoes to match. If she wears that with her turquoise silk blouse and a matching necklace and earrings, she will look dressed up.3 If she wears a T-shirt with the black dress slacks, she is more casual.4 If she brings a pashmina, or another dress scarf, she can dress up the T-shirt into casual chic.5 Her suitcase will be nearly empty, with lots of room for shopping.Viewing and speakingcombining clothing with new technology brand-new stylenew industrial design solutionselectronics and fashion into your collar went into partnership with bring them together the modern-day worker 600 pounds to what we might expectUnit 2 Unit testCBCBD(1)-(7) contest queens outgoing cheers title tours performed(8)A beautiful woman has very great powers to convince, and we have seen many misses who have done a great job(9)Women's liberation organizations in the United States regularly demonstrate in protest outside Miss America and Miss World contests(10)All the same, some Australians were hoping the two-hour show would draw world attention to the beauty of their country and attract touristsADCBBCDADD BCBDBUnit 3Lead indrought earthquake flood forest fire landslide snowstorm tsunami typhoon volcanic eruptionBasic listeningKeys: DACBCListening inTask 1 BCADCTask 2 BBABATask 3 drought tsunami undersea result in dry spell flood water supplies famine agriculture heavy rainfall melting swell man-made damsLet’s talkTask1 erupted burying few overseas rescue injured damaged islanders seven biggest close aftershocks trap 20 million pounds diseaseFurther listeningTask 1 BADACTask 21. Since the company was composed entirely of men over 65, there was doubt that they would be of any the farmer called the company anyway because the fire proved to be more than the small town fire department could handle, and there was no other help available.2. The truck drove straight toward the fire and, instead of stopping in front of the fire, drove right into the middle of the flames.3. After an hour of intense fighting, they had extinguished the fire.4. After an hour of intense fighting, they had extinguished the fire.5. The captain said, "The first thing we're going to do is to get the brakes fixed on that stupid fire truck." That suggests that they drove right into the middle of the flames because of useless brakes rather than bravery.Task 3 ABCDCViewing and speakingTask 1 rescued worst flooding surprise flooded my son's crews burst hit save high tide furniture normal computer system drugs heavyUnit 3 Unit testACCDD(1)-(7)at section connects bottom shining As cross(8)Ten minutes later, as we were looking out the window, we saw everyone was running away from something(9)A huge flood was streaming down the mountain. We were standing ona higher place, so we could see everything(10)It was reported that the flood destroyed a big area and approximately 300 people were killed or disappeared that dayABBDCBDACC DABDAUnit 4Lead inc d a e h f i g bBasic listeningCBABDListening inTask l CBDAATask 2 manager conflict with in vain administrator 8. establish closer relationships upTask 3 CDDCALet's talkTask1 16 features brief eight paper guidelinesinterviews treatment come back Deadlines meet guidance scaryFurther listeningTask 1 DBCACTask 2 BABABTask 31. They gathered for lunch to welcome the new Chief Executive Officer, Carl Martin, and say goodbye to the departing CEO, Dick Jackson.2. The departing CEO left three numbered envelopes for the new CEO.3. The message read, "Blame your predecessor." So, the new CEO held a press conference and tactfully laid the blame at the feet of the previous CEO.4. The message read, "Reorganize." The new CEO did it, and the company quickly rebounded.5. The message said, "Prepare three envelopes." It implied that itwas time for Carl to leave and give three similar envelopes to thenext CEO.Viewing and speakingTask 1 earning live on frustrating head chasing television editor launching basis privilegedUnit 4 Unit testDDADD(1)-(7) expensive declined averaged compared agency floor accommodation(8)But the biggest climber of all was Dublin, with the Irish capital jumping nine places to the tenth among the world's most expensiveoffice locations(9)Globally, most office locations continued to register declines in occupancy costs last year, reflecting the weak and uncertain global economic environment(10)In Euro terms, London is some 17 percent cheaper than last year, but in dollar terms it is virtually unchangedDCADBABDCA DDCCDUnit 5Lead in DADBBasic Listening Practice BCACDListening inTask1 BACCDTask2 BABABTask3 DCBCALet’s talk supermarkets a factory capacity kitchen commercial6 againstmy own appeal larger high-risk gamble one-man supportFurther listening and speakingTask 1 ABCDATask 2 AABBBTask 31. She had experience as a career counselor who had counseledhundreds of people about career changes. But when her husband losthis job, they were both caught unprepared.2. They were unprepared to tell their children, unprepared for themix of emotions, and most dramatically, unprepared for the suddenloss of routine in their lives.3. She saw her husband sitting in their home office patting his forehead and muttering to himself, "Now what am I supposed to do"4. In the bookstore they found lots of books about job search, butnot asingle book on the day-to-day challenges people face when they getlaid-off.5. They had gathered enough interesting material for a book on careertransitions—the book they needed but couldn't find last July.Viewing and speaking turn things around suggestionsexpectations how many three million target salespeoplemarket brand problems challenges money hard task salesmen investment experienced negotiationUnit 5 Unit testCDCBD(1)-(7)positive reasons try figure maintain curve path(8)It's clear that job hopping benefits the employee, not theemployer(9)the trick with job hopping is to make sure your resume alwaysshows that you make a huge contribution wherever you go(10)You can show that you are loyal to a company by exceeding their expectations with your outstanding performanceCBDACABDCD CDBBAUnit 6Lead inBasic listeningCCADBListening inTask 1 CBADCTask 2 terrible misfortune reflection damaged heaven pick washedSome people claim that the number is bad luck because 13 people sat down for the Last Supper before Jesus was crucifiedFriday the 13th of any month is considered especially bad or unlucky, and Friday the 13th of March is the worst of them allthey mean that every seven years a person undergoes a complete change in personalityTask 3 falling stock markets even more superstitious much less constructive action less lucky worked more satisfied exams trust revisionLet's talkTask 1 mystery inside out largest three million outside inner his theory used up the base 137-meter purpose tall, narrow 100,000 or so radarFurther listening and speakingTask 1ABDDBTask 2AABBATask 31. The magician did the same tricks over and over again.2. The captain's parrot watched every show and began to understandwhat the magician did in each trick. Once he understood that, hestarted shouting in the middle of the show.3. Each time the parrot revealed one of his secrets, the audience roared with laughter. The performance he intended to be dark and mysterious turned into a comedy.4. The ship collided with an enormous iceberg and sank. The magician found himself on a piece of wood, in the middle of the ocean, and the parrot was by his side.5. He said, "OK, I give up. But I hope you'll tell me what trick you are going to do with the boat."Viewing and speakingTask 1 feet shapes theory man-made look after experts a million outer space extraterrestrial conceivable circle maker image explain genuine lifting out of rubbish mystery mysterious farmers catch appear landscapeUnit 6 Unit testDACCC(1)-(7)discovered eager died convincing writing Indians taught(8)The Easter Islanders lived on sweet potatoes they sweet potatoes came from the Americas(9)Remember that the distances involved were great, further than the distance from Europe to the closest place in the Americas(10)a few American Indians could have reached Easter Island, because of a storm, and brought the seeds of sweet potatoes with themBDACDADDDC ABCCCUnit 7Basic listeningAADBCListening inTask 1DCAABTask 2DCAABTask 3 rest Sunday industrial revolution God six-day work week late 19th and early 20th relaxation great boon consumer spending Second World War two days do not work religious activitiesLet's talkTask 1 held back transport highest subsistence lower 2，000-kilometer minerals potential development number one tourism only two landscapes fascinating commuting tourist ruined history traditional mistakesFurther listening and speakingFurther listening > Task 1AABBBTask 2CABBDTask 3ABCDCViewing and speakingTask 1 book search engines real customers judge 250 pounds two days partying click targetingUnit 7 Unit testCABDD(1)-(7)when competitiveness unmanned regularly extra households Previously(8)To serve these new shoppers it is also necessary for more stores to remain open and thus more people to work on weekends(9)Weekends are days when people can safely sleep in and also not have to worry as much about the ill effects of a hangover(10)One area in which the weekend has remained unaffected is education, where schools are shut on Saturdays and SundaysCABDDCACDB AACBBUnit 8Lead inTask1 c a f d g b eTask2GM cropsstem cellgenetic mapcloningBasic listening BCDACListening inTask 1 BAAADTask 2breeders have already used preliminary information from the rice genome to create experimental strains of rice that better resist cold and pestsnew map could better explain more than just rice. Rice shares a common ancestor with other cereal cropssignificant progress has been made in the analysis of the rice genome, the mapping of the human genes is also making headwayTask 3 CBDADLet’s talk kitchens opposed labeled completely law no wayGM ingredients choice Tougher any content the public fear safer naturally cheap decideFuther listeningTask 1 biotechnology rejected special labels 73% to 27%a new type of tomato against save lives improve the human condition medicines conventional foodsTask 2AABBATask 3 DBACCTask 3 trees native genes black onion taste poisonous testedtoxic fish popular bigger food normally largerthreefold genes originally different risks laboratory environmentUnit 8 Unit testCBDBD(1)-(7)yield identify central abnormal how to signals(8)The most important potential application of human stem cells is perhaps the generation of cells and tissues(9)Stem cells, directed to differentiate into specific cell types, will offer a source of replacement cells and tissues(10)it may become possible to generate healthy heart muscle cells in the laboratory and then transplant those cells into patients with chronic heart diseaseBDCACBDCAC ABBADUnit 9Lead ind f a h g c b eBasic listening practiceACDBAListening inTask 1 ACDCBTask 2 CDCABTask 3 downtown loan security agreed against underground settleThat’ll be $5000 in principal and $ in interest.We are very happy to have had your business, and this transaction has worked out very nicely, but we are a little confused.Where else in Manhattan can I park my car for two weeks for only$ and expect it to be there where I return?Let’s talktrouble sales save backedsalary private medical 100,000 pounds anothermoney hire debt face the factssecuring difficult contacts schoolboy excuseFurther listening and speakingTask 1 environment economy minus enterprise's benefits demands balanced, sustainable generationsTask 2 CDDABTask 3 BABAAViewing and speakingTask1marketing campaign huge challenge market football eight new teamstime-consuming the marketing and the organisationUnit 9 Unit testACDCD(1)-(7)measure modest showed weakest reluctant economist Analysts(8)Inflation rose at a relatively speedy percent rate in the second quarter, the same as at the start of the year(9)Other data on Friday showed consumer spirits have brightened a bit this month while business activity has picked up in the Midwest(10)When you combine the first quarter and the second quarter, we're growing at percent, which is a very strong, sustainable growth rateBCDACADDAA DCBBAUnit 10Basic listeningDCABCListening inTask 1 future needs shares risk banks 30 a half rate capital loss interchangeably savingsTask 2DBCCATask 3ABBAALet's talkTask 11) they must sort out their cash flow problem by selling a part of the business to investors.2) it's a realistic amount to take this manufacturing business forward.3) they must update their initial business plan4) it's time to put on the suit and try to sell part of Cyclepods to an investor.5) so I'll have to... maybe get the heavies in or something.6) The most important thing James needs to do over the next two months is to raise cash7) Cyclepods can't do anything without an updated business plan.8) it's back to basics for a fun evening of number crunching and spread sheets,9) it's time for a professional and considered rehearsal to get his sales pitch just right.10) Presentation skills are going to be crucialFurther listening and speakingFurther listeningTask 1ABDBCTask 2CBDACTask 31. He has been following the roller coaster ride of his stock portfolio and it's driving him mad.2. Stocks are pretty hard to predict. So she has put her money into hedge funds.3. A hedge is a way of reducing risk. A hedge fund is a company that creates a stock portfolio that tries to balance the market activity.4. Analysts examine stocks to assess which ones are likely to go up, and which will likely go down.5. He says that if he leaves his money with a fund manager, perhaps the manager can trade his stocks in a more profitable way.Viewing and speakingTask 1 cash easy results pay bills head 26% close the deal figures idea plan fine business guide voting rights say strong point investment 150000 26%Unit 10 Unit testBDCDB(1)-(7)individual owned managed invest ownership shareholders investors(8)shareholders are often able to own a greater and more diverse number of stocks than if they invested directly in the stock market(9)the investment management company sponsoring the fund issues new shares to investors and buys back shares from investors wishing to leave the fund(10)The sponsor does not buy back or issue shares after a closed-end fund is launched, so the investor must trade them through a brokerCDCAABCADB CDADB。

Listening intask1The son wants to buy a pair of basketball shoes as his old ones look kind of f unny. But the father thinks there is still a l ot of l i f e left in the old shoes. The son points out that in an ad Yao Ming claims that these shoes give him ext r a spr i ng. The father, on the other hand, says that he does not make as much m oney as Yao Ming does, and that the tall man does not need extra spring. What's more, the advertiser may give him dol l er s for wearing the shoes in the ad. To this the son answers jokingly that he would wear the new shoes f or not hi ng. Then the father replies that Yao Ming did not r each t he t op simply because of the shoes. Rather, there must be something else. The son knows his father means things like har d w or k and dedication. Finally the father asks the son to f ocus on his studies and get the shoes.Your answer Correct answer(1) shoes shoes(2) funny funny(3) a lot of life a lot of life(4) ad ad(5) extra spring extra spring(6) money money(7) dollers millions of dollars(8) for nothing for nothing(9) reach the top reach the top(10) hard work hard work(11) focus on focus on(12) get forget1. The firm has been asked to change the wording of its advertising becauseit prejudices against friendly people.(A)True(B)False2. Travelco is looking for an employee to provide food for its staff.(A)True(B)False3. Mr. Smith agreed to the decision to remove the word "friendly" fromthe advertisement.(A)True(B)False4. The job center intends to set guidelines of not using personalitycharacteristics in advertisements.(A)True(B)False5. According to an official of the job center, the local judges willdetermine the results of the dispute.(A)True(B)False1.How does the Pepsi commercial begin?(A)Shaq is playing basketball while a kid is looking on.(B)Shaq drinks Pepsi while a kid plays basketball.(C)Shaq and a kid are both drinking Pepsi.(D)Shaq is teaching a kid to play basketball.2.Why does Shaq walk toward the kid?(A)Because he wants to know if the kid admires him.(B)Because he wants to ask the kid for the Pepsi.(C)Because he is going to buy a Pepsi from the kid.(D)Because he likes the kid.3.What is the Pepsi commercial trying to say?(A) The basketball star has a stronger appeal to the kid thananything else.(B) Pepsi has a stronger appeal to the kid than the basketballstar does.(C)The kid likes basketball better than anything else.(D)Pepsi is better than Coca-Cola.4.What is the Coca-Cola commercial trying to tell us?(A)Coke is more valuable than any other souvenir.(B)The boy likes Coke better than the football star's towel.(C)The football star likes Coke very much.(D)Coke is superior to other drinks.5.What does the road sign in New York City mean?(A)While parking, don't think too much about anything else.(B)The road there is dangerous.(C)Parking there is not allowed.(D)Parking is permitted only beside the road sign.1. An advertiser should begin with what benefits consumers can get.(A)True(B)False2. In an advertisement you should use such pronouns as you, we and I, butnot yours, ours and mine.(A)True(B)False3. Both an extra number and a percentage can be used in an ad.(A)True(B)False4. In an advertisement you should use many adverbs to modify verbs to conveya sense of action and urgency.(A)True(B)False5. At the end of your ad, you need to tell consumers what they should donext.(A)True(B)False1. W hat have many countries done to discourage smoking?They have banned t obacco ads completely.Your answer Correct answerbanned tobacco ads banned tobacco ads / bannedcigarette ads2. W hat kind of tobacco advertising is not allowed in the United States?Advertisers are not allowed to show young peopl e sm oki ng ci gar et t es.Your answer Correct answeryoung people smoking cigarettes young people smoking cigarettes3. W hat do advertisers do with the law against cigarette ads aimed at youth?They keep finding w ays ar ound t he l aw.Your answer Correct answerways around the law ways around the law4. W hy do cigarette manufacturers want to target young people?They must keep bringing in new cust om er s, as the ol d ones are dyingof lung cancer.Your answer Correct answer(1) new customers new customers(2) old ones old ones5. A ccording to the woman, what should the Student Union do?It should do some publicity against sm oki ng on cam pus.Your answer Correct answersmoking on campus smoking on campus1.What is true of the contemporary business world?(A)Supply usually outnumbers demand.(B)Demand usually outnumbers supply.(C)Supply is usually equal to demand.(D)When supply exceeds demand, prices rise.2.What is NOT mentioned in the passage?(A)Manufacturers advertise their products in newspapers.(B)Manufacturers advertise their products through songs.(C) Manufacturers advertise their products by sponsoringsporting events.(D)Manufacturers advertise their products through salesgirls.3.According to the passage, what is the most important means of advertising?(A)The cinema.(B)The television.(C)The newspaper.(D)The radio.4.According to the passage, why can advertisements influence people?(A)Because ads are cleverly designed.(B)Because many people are eager to buy.(C) Because people like ads even if they know ads may not betelling the truth.(D) Because people believe what ads say without thinking if theads are true.5.What is the passage discussing?(A)The importance of advertising.(B)Various ways of advertising.(C)The successes and failures of advertising.(D)The causes, methods and effects of advertising.1. A small range of good-quality items is being sold at the store.(A)True(B)False2. "An easy rent-to-own plan" probably means a plan to help customers rentsomething until finally they own it.(A)True(B)False3. The maximum price of a digital piano is 399 dollars.(A)True(B)False4. Major items are delivered free of charge.(A)True(B)False5. The ad encourages customers to go further outside the city to findbetter and cheaper furniture.(A)True(B)False单元测试Part I ScriptDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, and then choose the correct answersto the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing,there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playingto check your answers.1.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Because short slogans are refreshing.B. Because short slogans can catch busy people's attention.C. Because only short slogans are impressive.D. Because the Coca-Cola company has set a good example.2.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man asks for some money to buy bread.B. The woman spends a lot of money shopping.C. The woman wants to buy some spring clothes for the man.D. The man is quite angry at the woman not buying him bread.3.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Ads should be made by local people.B. The lipstick ad is more effective in Germany.C. Ads should be adapted for particular places.D. The same ad can be used in various places.4.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. To show how fast one can buy things with the card.B. To show how much he likes the card.C. To express his disagreement with the woman.D. To express his agreement with the woman.5.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. She is a loyal customer to Nokia.B. She is a loyal customer to Ericsson.C. She is easily influenced by advertisements.D. She is a tough consumer.Part II ScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then fill in the blanks with the missing words. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time to write the missing words. Use the second playing to check your answers.W:So, Mr. Smith, you want to increase ridership on the buses.M:(1)W e do, and we hope you can help us.W:Certainly we can. First, we must (2)change t he i m age of bus travel. M:How do you do that?W:Well, we'll (3)do som e sur vi ce to see what people really think about taking the bus. We'll investigate (4)di f f er ent dat es and so on. M:Will that work?W:It works (5)al l t he t i m e. Once we get a profile of (6)user s, we can see who we can (7)t ar get i t.Your answer Correct answer(1) We do We do(2) change the image change the image(3) do some survice do some surveys(4) different dates different age groups(5) all the time all the time(6) users your users(7) target it targetPart III ScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a purpose of advertising?A. To encourage listeners to buy a product.B. To persuade readers to support an organization.C. To encourage readers to get rid of a certain idea.D. To persuade listeners to agree with a certain idea.2. According to the passage, who is most likely to pay for an ad?A. The advertiser.B. An advertising agency.C. The retailer.D. The shop.3. Which of the following is second in importance?A. Local advertising.B. Trade advertising.C. National advertising.D. Professional advertising.4. Which of the following is true of direct mail?A. Mail advertisements go to people with certain characteristics.B. Mail advertisements go to producers rather than professionals.C. Mail advertisements are more effective than TV commercials.D. Mail advertisements are more expensive than other forms ofadvertisements.5. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. The role of advertising in modern society.B. The definition and classification of ads.C. The effects of various types of ads.D. The importance of various types of ads.Part IVDirections: Choose the best answer to each of the following statements.1.Dad, I need some new shoes. My old ones look ______ funny.A. kindB. a kindC. kind ofD. a kind of2.They probably give Yao Ming millions of dollars to wear those shoes. Butif you bought me the shoes, I'd wear them ________.A. nothingB. with nothingC. in nothingD. for nothing3.In the States, advertisers are not allowed ________ young people smokingcigarettes.A. showB. showingC. to showD. to be shown4.Cigarette manufacturers need to keep _______ new customers.A. bringing aboutB. bringing toC. bringing forwardD. bringing in5.Manufacturers often spend large _______ of money on the advertisements.A. volumesB. numbersC. sumsD. dollars6."Don't _____ think about it!" is an expression commonly used in the UnitedStates when a person emphatically denies another person something.A. soB. reallyC. evenD. ever7.It is _____________ for us to specify what kind of people we want.A. too only naturalB. only too naturalC. too natural onlyD. only natural too8.Advertisers keep finding ways _____ the law.A. overB. aboutC. roundD. around9.Our student union should ___________ against smoking on campus.A. make some publicityB. do some publicityC. make some publicationD. do some publication10.We have everything you need. Stereos, video machines, refrigerators,dining room tables. _______; we have it.A. Naming itB. To name itC. You name itD. You put a name on it。

Part I ScriptDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man thinks negatively about them while the woman is positive aboutthem.B. The woman thinks negatively about them while the man is positive aboutthem.C. Both the man and woman think they play a positive role.D. Both the man and woman think they play a negative role.2.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. They were cheap.B. The salesgirl talked her into doing so.C. She wanted to give one to her sister.D. She could enjoy a discount for buying two.3.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. They are really too short.B. They are really too long.C. They will look well if one wears suitable shoes.D. They will look well if the tailor shortens them a bit.4.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man won't go to the fashion show with the woman.B. The woman is a fashion designer.C. The man sometimes follows the fashion trend.D. The woman bought the tickets at high prices.5.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Shanghai has been on the same level with Paris.B. The chances of Shanghai becoming a fashion capital are small.C. Shanghai may soon rival Paris and MilanD. Shanghai lacks the elements that make a fashion leader.Part II ScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then fill in the blanks with the missing words. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time to write the missing words. Use the second playing to check your answers.Chris:Tina? What are you wearing?Tina:I'm outfit for a job interview. What do you think? Chris:You're wearingTina:I know. These nylons are really itchy. Maybe I should wearChris:You'll be too hot. Maybe you should wear a long skirt orTina:I can't wear a miniskirtChris:You'dTina:You're such(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)Part III ScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. What does the woman suggest?A. Buying the man a suit for work.B. Buying the man a suit for travel.C. Buying herself a suit for work.D. Buying herself a suit for modeling.2. What does the woman think about the suit the man is wearing?A. It looks handsome.B. It looks outdated.C. It should be cleaned.D. It should be ironed.3. Why doesn't the man like the jacket the woman recommends?A. Because it is single-breasted (单排扣的).B. Because it is double-breasted (双排扣的).C. Because it is brown.D. Because it looks out of style.4. What kind of trousers does the man dislike?A. Dark blue trousers.B. Short trousers.C. Black trousers.D. Brown trousers.5. What does the woman think about the black trousers?A. They are too long.B. They are too short.C. They can be shortened if they are too long.D. They should be longer.Part IVDirections: Choose the best answer to each of the following statements.1.Once dressed, the models ________ in order by the door.A. queued inB. queued overC. queued upD. queued down2.The models __________ photographers, turned, and walked back.A. posed toB. posed forC. positioned toD. positioned through3.Mom, everything I have is _________.A. out of dateB. out of the dateC. out of datesD. out of the dates4.Everyone else will be wearing the latest Levis, and I will look stupid_______ the same old skirts.A. wearingB. to wearC. to be wearingD. having worn5.Maybe I could get a part-time job to help _______ the new clothes.A. payB. pay withC. pay toD. pay for6.The emphasis on thinness and an ideal female body shape gives rise to_______ dieting.A. extensiveB. excessiveC. exclusiveD. expressive7.The middle-aged woman is ________. That style went out last year.A. after the timesB. after timeC. behind the timesD. behind time8.Oh, come on. Don't laugh at the old woman for her dress as long as it looksgood _____ her.A. inB. withC. overD. on9.You're right. I'm out of style. ______?A. So whatB. What soC. What thenD. Then what10.It is in those sewing rooms that fashionable clothes are copied and madeup _______.A. with a large numberB. with large numbersC. in large numbersD. in a large quantity。

Unit 2Part twoListening 1Mrs. Black was having a lot of trouble with her skin, so she went to her doctor. However he could not find anything wrong with her. So he sent her to the local hospital for some tests. The hospital, of course, sent the results of the tests directly to Mrs. Black's doctor. The next morning, he telephoned her to give her a list of the things that he thought she should not eat, as any of them might be the cause of her skin trouble.Mrs. Black carefully wrote all the things down on a piece of paper, which she then left beside the telephone while she went out to a meeting.When she got back home two hours later, she found her husband waiting for her. He had a big basket full of packages beside him, and when he saw her, he said, “Hell o, dear. I have done all your shopping for you.”“Done all my shopping?” she asked in surprise. “But how did you know what I wanted?” “Well, when I got home, I found your shopping list beside the telephone,” answered her husband, “so I went down to the shops and bought everything you had written down.”Of course, Mrs. Black had to tell him that he had bought all the things the doctor did not allow her to eat!Listening 2Do you speak British or American EnglishAmerican and British people both speak English, of course, but sometimes it does not seem like the same language. In fact, there are some important differences between British and American English.First of all, they sound very different. Often, Americans don't say all the letters in each word. For example, Americans may say “I dunno” instead of “I don't know”, or they may say “Whaddya say?” instead of “What do you say?”Sound is not the only difference between British and American English. The two languages have different words and expressions for some things. For example, some words for clothing are different. Americans use the word “sweater”, but the British say “jumper”. Americans wear “vests” over their shirts, but British people wear “vests” under their shirts. Americans talk about “pants”or “slacks”, but the British talk about “trousers”. The British chips are American French fries. A British chemist is an American drugstore. In Britain, if you are going to telephone friends, you “ring them up”. In America, you “give them a call”.There are also some differences in grammar. For example, Americans almost always use the helping verb “do” with the verb “have”. They might say, “Do you have an extra pen?” The British often ask the question a different way. They might say, “Have you got an extr a pen?”These differences can be confusing when you are learning English. But when the same language is used in different places, it is understandable that it changes in each place.Lestening3(Mr. and Mrs. Jones are having a conversation one evening while Mrs. Jones happens to be looking at some of the textbooks her daughter, who is in the fifth grade, is using.) Mrs. Jones: Listen to what this book says. It really makes me angry! When talking about the settling of the western part of the U.S., it say s, “MEN by the thousands headed west.” Then on the very same page it says, “The average citizen in the United States is proud of HIS heritage.”Mr. Jones: What's wrong with that? It's true. I don't understand why you are angry. Mrs. Jones: Why? Because women are left out!Mr. Jones: Everyone knows when the author says “men” or “his” in those sentences that the author means to include women.Mrs. Jones: I think you are wrong. When young people read these sentences, they simply do not form a mental image which includes females.Mr. Jones: Mm. Do you have other examples?Mrs. Jones: Yes I do! This book mentions “MAN-made improvements that have raised America's standard of living”. A child will not think that females as well as males have made contributions when reading this.Mr. Jones: I still don't think it's very important.Mrs. Jones: Of course you don't! You're a man. But don't you want our daughter and other little girls to have the idea that they can be important citizens in their country, just as other women have been in the past?Mr. Jones: Well, I guess you're right. I hope not all textbooks are like that.Part threePractice oneAn Equal-Opportunity EmployerWalking down the street, a dog saw an ad in an office window. “Help wanted. Must typ e 70 words a minute. Must be computer literate. Must be bilingual. An equal-opportunity employer.”The dog applied for the position, but he was quickly refused. “I can't hire a dog for this job,” the office manager said. But when the dog pointed to the line that read “Anequal-opportunity employer”, the office manager sighed and asked, “Can you type?” Silently, the dog walked over to a typewriter and typed a letter without a mistake. “Can you operate a computer?” the manager inquired. The dog then sat down at a computer, wrote a program and ran it perfectly.“Look, I still can't hire a dog for this position,” said the office manager. “You have fine skills, but I need someone who's bilingual. It says so right in the ad.”The dog looked up at the manager an d said, “Meow.”Practice twoSome Statistics About LanguagesThere are about 5,000 languages in the world, and the one with the most number of speakers is Mandarin, with about 650,000,000 native speakers. English has around 350,000,000 native speakers.One of the most common surnames in the world is Zhang: There are about 350,000,000. Smith is the most common English surname: There are around 80,000 in England and Wales and an estimated 2,382,509 in the United States.The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, which has 20 volumes, 21,728 pages, 290,500 main entries, and around 59,000,000 words. It lists the definitions of around 615,000 words. The Webster's International Dictionary lists about 450,000 words.The chemical name for a protein that has 1,913 letters is considered to be the longest word in English.Practice threeWeather or notRamon Romero is a seventeen-year-old boy from Bolivia. He speaks Spanish and a little bit of English.Ramon lives in the United States now, in Little Rock, Arkansas, with the Hutchinsons. They are not his real family. His real family is back in Bolivia. They cannot come to America because they have jobs and duties in their country and aren't able to leave. However, they do want their son to have an American education and be fluent in English. He misses his family and wishes to see them. It seems that no one understands his true feelings. It is difficult to listen to English all the time and then to express his thoughts in English. His American family is very nice to him and helps him in every way. In return, Ramon does little things to help the family. For instance, he takes the dog for a walk every morning and every evening.When he comes back from the morning walk, he tells Mrs. Hutchinson about the weather. This tells her how to dress her four-year-old son. On Tuesday, Mrs. Hutchinson asks, “How is the weather today?”Ramon answers, “It rain.”“No, Ramon, in English we say, 'It's raining.'”On Wednesday, it rains again.“It's raining today,” reports Ramon.On Thursday, it snows. On Friday, the sun finally shines. Ramon is very happy that he doesn't have to wear boots or carry an umbrella. He comes into the house with a big smile on his face.“How's the weather today?” asks Mrs. Hu tchinson.“Oh, today I am very happy,” replies Ramon. “There is no weather.”Practice fourNick: Hi, Dieter. OK?Dieter: Oh, hi, Nick. Yes, I'm fine, except that I had a big problem ordering my drink. I didn't think my English was so bad!Nick: Your English is very good! What kind of problem?Dieter: Well, look at this beer I've got here—this warm, brown, English beer—it wasn't what I wanted!Nick: Why, what did you ask for?Dieter: Well, I just asked for a small beer. Then the barman asked what type of beer and said lots of names that I didn't understand—and something about a pie or a pine. I didn't understand anything!Nick: Oh, no! He probably said a pint! In English you don't ask for a big or a small beer. You ask for either a pint or a half. A pint's the big one.Dieter: So this one I've got here is a half?Nick: Yes, that's a half of bitter. Bitter's the name for that type of beer.Dieter: Ah, that's what he said—bitter! Well, it's very different from the beer we drink in Germany, I must say.Nick: Yes, I know. They call the German type of beer lager. So you have to ask for a half of lager, or a pint of lager.Dieter: OK. I understand that now. My another problem was chips. I asked for a packet of chips, and the barman said something strange—that they don't have chips in the evening, only at lunchtime. What did he mean?Nick: Yes, they have fish and chips, but I think you meant crisps. In England, chips are fried potatoes, you know, French fries. The ones you buy in a packet are crisps.Dieter: Well, in the end I didn't get anything to eat. So you see, I did everything wrong!Part fourSection oneLearning to Communicate in Another LanguageLearning to communicate in another language may be very difficult and frustrating at times, but it can also be one of the most rewarding experiences in your life. Being able to communicate in another language will open doors for you to experience a world of new people, places, and ideas. It will offer you a look at cultures from every part of the earth. And if you have the opportunity to live in another culture, the experience will show you many things—above all, about your own culture. It will reveal cultural similarities and differences that you have never noticed in the past. In addition, the experience can also show you a great deal about your own personal beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions. Within a short time in another culture, you will find that you begin to learn a great deal about yourself and your own country and culture.Section twoMen and Women Have Different Styles in ConversationMy wife and I visited her family in Mexico ten months after we were married. I had been working on my Spanish and was looking forward to practicing it. On our first evening there,the entire family held a party for us. I spent a lot of time entertaining the children, one of whom enjoyed explaining to me in great detail.Later I said to my wife, “I really thought my Spanish had improved, but when I was talking with Rolando, no matter how hard I concentrated, I couldn't understand a thing he was saying.”“No one can,” she replied, “he's still learning how to talk.”Section threeMen and Women Have Different Styles in ConversationAt an early age, little girls' conversation is less definite and expresses more doubts, while little boys use conversation to establish status with their listeners.These differences continue into adult life. In public conversations, men talk more and interrupt other speakers more. In private conversations, men and women speak in equal amounts, although they say things in a different style. For women, private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy. For men, private talking is a way to explore the power structure of a relationship.Teaching is one job which shows the differences between men's and women's ways of talking. When a man teaches a woman, he wants to show that he has more knowledge, and hence more power in conversation. He uses his language to show this. When a woman teaches another woman, however, she is more likely to take a sharing approach and to encourage her student to join in.But it doesn't suggest that women are naturally more helpful. Actually, women feel they achieve power by being able to help others.。