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新概念英语第二册Lesson69课堂讲义1.murdercommit a murdermurder sb →assassinate v. 暗杀（政治宗教人物）murderer n.murder = spoil* She murdered the song / the whole work . 她的歌唱得太糟了/她毁了全部的工作2.instruct(1)指导= teach sb a skill ,a school subject etcinstruct sb in driving / swimmingInstructor / instruction(2)吩咐，指示give orders to sbinstruct sb to doI instructed them to keep the door locked.3. acquire(1) = gain sth by efforts esp. through a long period of timeTo acquire knowledge of history / mathTo acquire a degreeTo acquire a good habit(2)An acquired taste = thing that one learns to like gradually * Abstract art is an acquired taste .4. confidenceSelf-confidence5. examiner考生Examinee /candidate6.suppose(1)= ifSuppose you had a million pound , how would you spend it ?(2)= think / believeI suppose you are right .(3)*be supposed to do = be required to do , be expected to doWe are supposed to be here before dark . 我们应在天黑前赶到那* (口) be supposed to do = be allowed to doYou are not supposed to smoke here.7.taptap (on) sthShe tapped him on the shoulder.Tap danceTurn off / on the tap (=faucet)8.reactHow did he react to the news ? What is his reaction to the news?chemical reactionnuclear reaction9.brakeThe brake of my bike failedPut on the brake 踩刹车brake light刹车灯(one of the red lights at the back of a motor vehicle,that light up when the brakes are used)Laziness acts as a brake to progress. 懒惰阻碍进步10.pedaln. a pedal boat 脚踏船a loud / soft pedal 钢琴的强/弱音踏板v．pedal the bicyclepedal bin11.mournful(1) mournful musicA mournful look / smile(2) mourn v.mourn sb’s deathmourn for sb(3) mourning 丧服–黑色或暗色【New words and expressions】★acquire v. 取得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语言等），养成（习惯等）Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years’time.acquire a habit of doing sth. 养成……的习惯Tom acquired a habit of smoking.acquire confidence 获得信心【课文讲解】1、I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.a driving licence 驾驶执照For:次数，目的2、I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.heavy adj. 大量的，多的，密集的Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.3、The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing,Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.'must have been表示对过去的事情的猜测performance n. 表现，表演，工作情况be pleased with 对……满意They are pleased with his work.The mana ger isn’t very pleased with his secretary.let us suppose that…让我们假设……Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.4.After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指,令后，我开始有了信心。
Lesson 69 单词讲解1. instruct v. 命令，指示instruct sb to do sth.instruction n. 指导，说明follow the instruction2. confidence n. 信心confident adj. 有信心的self-confidence n. 自信心self-confident adj. 有自信心的3. examiner n. 主考人examine v. 检查examination n. 检查，考试( exam )4. suppose v. 假设Let us suppose that …be supposed to doYou are supposed to tell me what to do.She is not supposed to be here.Lesson 69 课文&语法讲解Key points: 复习被动语态非谓语动词having been done1. I was being tested for a driving licence ...2. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic ...be done被动语态3. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to ...having been done非谓语动词表示被动，发生在先非谓语动词表示被动Beaten by a girl, the boy cried.(done)Having been beaten by a girl, the boy cried.(having been done)Being beaten by a girl, the boy cried.(being done)having been done 练习：已经被告诉了很多次，他还是犯相同的错误。
新概念第二册Lesson 69 But not murder一、单词精讲murder ['mə:də] n.谋杀引申：可引申为破坏（用于形容对美好事物的毁坏，如“murder of the peace”（破坏和平）。
搭配：commit murder（犯谋杀罪）；murder case（谋杀案）。
例句：He was accused of committing murder.（他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
）instruct [in'strʌkt] v.命令，指示引申：可引申为教导（知识、技能等），如“instruct students in English”（教学生英语）。
搭配：instruct sb. to do sth.（指示某人做某事）；instruct in（教授……方面的知识）。
例句：The teacher instructed the students to finish their homework on time.（老师指示学生按时完成作业。
）词源：由“in -”（在……里）+“struere”（堆积、建造）组成，原义为“在内部构建、装备”，后引申为教导等意思。
acquire [ə'kwaiə] v.取得，获得引申：可引申为养成（习惯等），如“acquire a bad habit”（养成一个坏习惯）。
搭配：acquire knowledge（获取知识）；acquire skills（获得技能）。
例句：We should acquire as much knowledge as possible.（我们应该尽可能多地获取知识。
）词源：由“ad -”（到、向）+“quaerere”（寻求）组成，意思是“寻求得到”。
confidence ['kɔnfidəns]n.信心引申：可引申为信任（对人或事物的），如“have confidence in sb.”（对某人有信心）。
Lesson 69 But not murder!【语法Grammar in use】被动语态（1）被动语态的基本形式：Recently it was damaged by a visitor.最近它被一个客人弄坏了。
（一般过去时）Passing planes can be heard night and day.过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。
（与情态助动词连用）Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。
（must与被动语态的完成式连用）The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.人们正用火车给他把自行车送回家。
（被动语态用于过去进行时）He never expected the thief to be arrested.他从未指望那小偷能被逮着。
（被动语态用于复合宾语中的不定式结构中）The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。
（用于过去完成时）（2）被动语态还可以用于介词+动名词结构中。
介词（after, before, on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。
如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第1个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生：After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。
L69 But not murder一．【词汇学习】中英互译。
1.murder 1) n. 谋杀（ucn.），谋杀案(cn.)2）谋杀murder sb. poison 毒杀strangle 勒死hang 绞死murderer /murderess cn. 谋杀者2.instruct 1)v. 向…下命令或指示，指导eg. They haven’t instructed us where to go. I instructed him to lock the door. “指令”的区别tell 告诉，用的最广，语气不强，日常生活用语order 语气较强，常指有权威者让别人服从instruct 意为对需采取的行动有准确说明，指示command 主要用于军事场合2)教授，传授instruct sb. in sth. eg. Mr. White instructs us in maths.instructor n.教练，指导员instruction n. 说明，指示3.acquire 1)v. (靠自己的能力，努力而)获得，得到=gain2)v. 学得（知识，技术），养成（习惯，行为）eg. She acquired the knowledge of French.He acquired a habit of smoking.acquisition n. 获得，得到4.confidence ucn. 信心，把握be full of confidence 充满信心have confidence in sth. 对…抱有信心lose confidence in sb. 对..失去信心with confidence有把握的confident adj. 有信心的5.examine 1)v. 调查，检查eg. You’d better examine the old records. We had our suitcases examined at the airport.2)v. 测验eg. I examined the students in English on the textbook.3)v. 诊察，检查疾病eg. The doctor examined him thoroughly.examination(exam)测验examiner 主考人examinee被考人6.suppose 1)v. 假定，假设eg. Suppose that you are the manager, what will you do ?2)v. 认为，猜想=think eg. I suppose she will be there today.be supposed to 理应，应当eg. He is supposed to be there on time. We are supposed to help each other.7.tap 1)v. 轻拍某人，轻敲某物（tapped-tapping）tap at/on sth. eg. He tapped on the window.When I saw him, I tapped him on his shoulder.2)n. 龙头（美faucet）turn on a tap tap-water8. react v. 反应eg. It took me a long time to react. She reacted strongly.react to sb. /sth. 对..有反应reaction n. 反应8.brake (同音词break) 1)n. 闸，刹车put on the brakes 踩刹车eg. His brake failed.2)v. 刹车eg. The driver braked hard as the dog ran onto the road.9.pedal n. （自行车，缝纫机等的）踏板，脚蹬子10.mournful adj.悲哀的，令人悲痛的eg. There is a mournful look on her face.mourn v.（因丧失某人或某物而）悲痛或哀悼eg. She mourned for her cat.We all mourn for the destruction of Yuanmingyuan.mourner n. 悲哀者二．【英语思维训练】根据英文提示，写出相应的英文单词。
1. get or gain something acquire2. hit or touch lightly tap3. very sad mournful4. tester, quizzer examiner5. think, imagine, guess suppose6. show a response(反应) to something react7. a piece of equipment(设备，装备) used to slow or stop a vehicle(车辆) brake8. kill someone deliberately(蓄意地) and illegally(非法地) murder9. belief in yourself and your abilities(能力) confidence10. the parts of a bicycle that you push round with your feet to make the bicycle go forward pedal11. officially tell or teach someone what to do; order instruct三．【词汇运用】用69课的生词翻译句子。
1. (murder)据说一个人在海滩上被谋杀了。
It is said that one person was murdered on the beach.2. (instruct)他的叔叔教他法语。
His uncle instructed him in French.3. (instruct)I’ve been instructed to wait here until the professor arrives. 我得到指示在这儿等到教授来。
4. (instruct)他奉命前往纽约。
He was instructed to go to New York.5. (acquire)The collector has acquired a fine collection of oil paintings. 这位收藏家收集到大量油画。
6. (acquire)通过了这次重要的考试，他开始有自信了。
After passing the important exam, he began to acquireself-confidence.7. (confidence)She has great confidence in her success. 她充分自信自己能成功。
8. (confidence)他很有把握的回答了这个问题。
He answered this question with confidence.9. (suppose)We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 不准我们在星期日踢足球。
10. (suppose)设想明天你失去了工作，你会怎么做？Suppose you lose your job tomorrow, what will you do?11. (react)他们对你的建议有什么反应？How did they react to your suggestion?12. (tap)他一轻轻敲窗户，我就开门给他了。
As soon as he tapped on the window, I opened the door.13. (mournful)他用一种悲哀的声音说。
He said in a mournful voice.四．【语法——被动语态】英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
1. 被动语态的构成：助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词，现以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成：一般现在时：am／is／are＋done 一般过去时：was／were＋done 一般将来时：will／shall be＋done现在进行时：am／is／are being＋done 过去进行时：was / were being + done过去完成时：had been＋done 现在完成时：have／has been＋done2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构，形式：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
例：①The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例：①His mother gave him a present for his birthday. →He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
例：①Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. →A stranger was seen to walk into the building.②He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. →The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.③Mother never lets me watch TV . →I am never let to watch TV by mother.4)在被动语态中还可以用介词+动名词结构。
此结构一般不用于口语，比较正式。
介词（after, before, on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。
◆如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第一个动作；◆如果只表示先后顺序，则可after（或before）+动名词结构；◆on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生。
