重庆大学研究生入学考试11

重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷2011 ~2012 学年 第 一 学期（春、秋）开课学院： 课程编号： 考试日期：考试方式：开卷闭卷 其他 考试时间： 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次：_______________ Answer Sheet Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 2 point each ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. () 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( ) 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( ) Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )封线 密Part IV. Writing ( 20 points)(请写在背面，Please write your composition on the reverse side.)重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2011 ~2012 学年第一学期硕士生B类Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneIf you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the –job training.That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor’s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salariesranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education couples with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesn’t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Schertz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle-and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn’t constrained (限制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Schertz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Them and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or and engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing thing,” says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior-plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Schertz.1. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?A. Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities.B. People with an MBA degree from top universities.C. People with formal schooling plus work experience.D. People with special training in engineering.2. By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years”(Line 3, Para. 3), the authormeans .A. most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB. an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC. MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are nowD. in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got3. According to Schertz’s statement (Lines 3~4, Para. 4), companies prefer .A. people who have a strategic mindB. people who are talented in fine artsC. people who are ambitious and aggressiveD. people who have received training in mechanics4. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because .A. they are more capable of handling changing situationsB. they and stick to established ways of solving problemsC. they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD. they have attended special programs in management5. Which of the following statements does the author support?A. Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B. Formal schooling is less important than job training.C. On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D. Generalists will outdo specialists in management.Passage TwoWith fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.Another new project is being setup to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this：First, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed；then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids；after that founders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel；the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full-scale giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.6. The phrase “should be well on with...”（Para. 1）most probably means _______.A. have completed what was startedB. get ready to startC. have achieved a great deal inD. put an end to7. What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in paragraph 3？A. Breaking up whatever is breakable.B. Sharpening metal bars.C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones.D. Sorting out small pieces of metal.8. What’s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants？A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. To protect the environment from pollution.C. To get raw materials locally.D. To get big profits from those plants.9. The first full-scale huge recycling plants _______.A. began to operate fifteen years agoB. will probably take less than fifteen years to buildC. will be built fifteen years laterD. will probably be in operation in fifteen years10. The passage is mainly about _______.A. a cheap way to get energyB. the location of recycling plantsC. new ways of recycling wastesD. the probability of city environmentPassage ThreeIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence –as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.11. What is the best title for this passage?A. Advocating Violence.B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C. Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D. The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.12. Recorded history has taught us _______________.A. violence never solves anything.B. nothing.C. the bloodshed means nothing.D. everything.13. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men __________.A. can’t get a hearing.B. are looked down upon.C. are persecuted.D. have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.14. “He was none the wiser” meansA. he was not at all wise in listening.B. H e was not at all wiser than nothing before.C. H e gains nothing after listening.D. H e makes no sense of the argument.15. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice isA. law enforcement.B. knowledge.C. nonviolence.D. Mopping up the violent mess.Passage FourFor a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us --- or what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, they've had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones --- but only as far as they went.Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people we'll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. "Siblings," says family sociologist Katherine Conger, "are with us for the whole journey."Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order．Older sibs were said to be strivers；younger ones rebels；middle kids the lost souls．The stereotypes were broad，if not entirely untrue，and there the discussion mostly ended．But all that’s changing．At research centers in the U．S．，Canada，Europe and elsewhere，investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic，looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another int0—or away from--risky behavior how they form a protective buffer(减震器)against family upheaval；how they educate one another about the opposite sex；how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms--or blows--over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism．From that research，scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults．Does the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddy’s girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter—gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is underinvestigation．“Siblings have just been off the radar screen until now，”says Conger．But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us．16．The beginning of the passage indicates thatA．researchers have found out what shapes us．B．our peer is the last factor influencing us．C．what researchers found is good and trustworthy．D．what researchers found contributes in a limited way．17．In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblingsA．offer us much useful information．B．have great influences on us．C．are the ones who love us completely．D．accompany us throughout our life．18．In scientific community, previous research on siblingsA．mostly focused on the sibling order．B．studied the characteristics of the kids．C．studied the matter in a broad sense．D．wasn’t believable and the discussion ended．19．Which of the following is NOT sibling dynamic?A．A brother cautions his sister against getting into trouble．B．Sisters have quarrels with each other．C．Siblings compete for parental favoritism．D．Older kids in a family try hard to achieve．20．From the last paragraph，we can conclude thatA．managers learned management skills from the family playroom．B．spouses learned negotiation skills from their siblings．C．studies on siblings are under the way。

重庆大学硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：管理学（含会计学原理）一、单项选择题（每题2分，共24分）请把你认为正确的答案编号填入题号前的小括号内（）1、管理是一种社会文化现象，它的存在必须具备两个必要条件。

A．集体活动和管理者B．集体活动和目标C．目标、机构、资源、信息D．目标和管理者（）2、以下哪一点是属于“权变管理理论”的最大特点？A．重视人的因素B．力求决策中减少个人艺术成份C．根据不同的具体条件，采取相应的组织结构、领导方式等D．通过提高工人的“士气”，从而达到提高效率的目的。

（）3、目标管理的宗旨在于A．用“自我控制的管理”代替“压制性的管理”B．用“民主式的管理”代替“独裁式的管理”C．用“参与式的管理”代替“压制性的管理”D．用“自我控制的管理”代替“独裁式的管理”（）4、以下哪一点是主管人员的选聘过程中应遵循的原理A．公开竞争原理和用人之长原理B．用人之长原理和德才兼备原理C．德才兼备原理和公开竞争原理D．用人之长原理和知人善任原理（）5、管理层次产生的主要原因是A．职能分工的需要B．管理宽度的限制C．权责明确的需要D．部门划分的需要（）6、指挥与领导工作的实质A．明确职责和职权B．科学决策C．全理用人D．施加影响处理人际关系（）7、权变理论的提出的假设是A．经济人B．社会人C．复杂人D．自我实现人（）8、以下哪一点不是有效激励的要求A．坚持物质利益原则B．授予权力C．随机制宜，创造激励条件D．坚持按劳分配原则（）9、容易导致“隧道视野”的部门划分方法是A．按产品划分B．按职能划分C．按地区划分D．按时间划分（）10、利克特的管理模式认为，极有成就的领导者采用的管理方法是A．利用——命令式B．温和——命令式C．商议式D．集体参与（）11、组织的最高决策层，由于工作复杂多变，其管理宽度A．宜宽些B．宽窄没关系C．宜随机安排D．宜窄些（）12、科学管理的中心问题是A．制定工作标准B．提高效率C．科学培训工人D．提高收入二、判断题（每题1分，共10分）请在你认为正确的题号前括号内打“√”，错误的题号前括号内打“×”（）1、管理的核心是领导方式问题。

重庆大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题第一篇：重庆大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题重庆大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：623科目名称：城乡规划理论总分：150分特别提醒：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，直接写在试题上的不给分。

一、名词解释（共30分，每题3分）1.四水贯都2.坊里3.城市生态系统4.有机更新5.城乡统筹6.中心地理论7.增长极核理论8.邻里单位理论9.紧凑城市10.广义建筑学二、简述题（共60分，每题20分）1.简述中世纪欧洲城市的空间组织形式；2.简述《北京宪章》中的建筑科学观；3.简述《雅典宪章》中对城市功能的定义；三、论述题（共60分，每题30分）1.论述吴良镛教授《人居环境科学导论》中五个系统的主要内容；2.论述“田园城市”理论对现代城市规划的影响。

第二篇：重庆大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试试题-行政管理重庆大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：321科目名称：行政管理学一．简答题（回答要点，并作扼要说明。

每题12分）1．简述公共政策分析应回答的五类基本问题2．简析21世纪我国公共行政领导者的能力构成3．简答财政管理体制的宏观调控作用4．简述我国人事行政的基本原则5．简析行政伦理与个人伦理的区别二．论述题（每题25分）1．试析公共行政与私人行政的区别2．论全球化给政府管理带来的机遇与挑战三．案例分析题（每题20分）1．（案例正文）吴队长是不是阳奉阴违C市Y区某居民区的巷道旁有变电站一所，变电站铁门上有告示牌一块。

告示牌上写着：严禁变电站周围堆物、停车、设摊，违者罚款！C市公安局电力治安办公室待业青年王某在变电站的铁门旁摆起（无照）自行车修理摊，生意很好。

有时待修的车辆多得妨碍巷道的交通，居民进出不便，通过居委会向街道市政科反映此事，要求迅速解决。

街道市政科与区工商行政管理局联系，经研究，作出取缔该摊位的觉得，责成所属的市容监察分队吴队长执行。

吴队长觉得取缔该摊后，待业青年王某不是成了不安定因素了吗？且王某平时表现良好，其父早已亡故，其母因肺癌刚去世，家庭经济情况很差，有无两全之策？苦思后，觉得立即帮助王某办理好营业执照，并将其摊位挪动18米。

重庆大学城市规划专业1995年研究生入学考试试题考试科目：城市规划原理一、名词解释（任选5题回答，每题4分，共20分）1绿地率2建筑红线3住宅套型比4拆建比5住宅建筑净密度6可持续发展二、填空题（任选5题回答，每题4分，共20分）1住宅面积净密度是（）与（）之比。

2城市规划应该提高规划的（）、（）、（）。

3旧城区改建规划要防止盲目追求（）、（）、（）。

4城市结构分类（）、（）、（）、（）。

5城市规划可分为（）和（）两个阶段。

6城市景观按要素分为（）、（）、（）。

三、简答题（任选4题，每题15分，共60分）1城市现代化的主要标志是什么？2城市道路系统规划的基本要求是什么？3何谓控制性详细规划？它的主要内容是什么？4山地城市规划应如何辩证的分析有利和不利因素？5简述城市排水系统布置的基本要求？考试科目：中外城建史一、名词解释（每题3分，共30分）1希波丹姆Hippodanmus2邻里单位理论3有机疏散理论4城市集中主义5兰斯塔德Randstad6漕运7藩坊8关厢9《平江图》10铁路附属地二、问答题（每题10分，共40分）1《周礼·考工记》对营国制度中城市布局及等级差别是如何论述的？2北宋都城汴梁较前朝都城规划有哪些特点和变化？3我国近代南通城市总体规划布局的特色如何？你怎样评价？4《马丘比丘宪章》是在什么时代背景下产生的？其主要内容有哪些？意义何在？三、翻译《黄岗竹楼记》片段为白话文（共30分）重庆大学城市规划专业1996年研究生入学考试试题考试科目：城市规划原理一、填空题（每题4分，共20分）1住宅净密度（）%。

2人均公共绿地指标主要依据（）（）（）来确定的。

3住宅建筑净密度的最大值控制指标直接和间接反映居住空间环境质量的三因素（）、（）、（）。

4人口毛密度（）人/ha。

5城市排水体制一般分为（）和（）两种。

二、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1城市规划区2城市景观3城市的持续生长4城市综合开发5道路红线三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1居住区规划设计如何提高居住环境质量？2城市总体规划修编中，有哪几个值得注意的问题？3山城道路线性设计的特点？4论述山区城市布局的特点，山区城市布局与矿业城市有那些相同和不同点？四、思考题（任选2题回答，每题10分，共20分）1城市规划如何考虑市场经济城市规模和建设提出的新要求？2现代城市化趋势与我国城市化特点？3城市生态系统有哪些特点？考试科目：中外城建史一、简答题（每题5分，共50分）1春秋战国时代几个著名的大都城为何都在形制上不符合周王城制度的规定？绘制其中两平面图加以说明！2汉代都城长安中宫殿与整个城市总体布局的关系有何特点？并绘制示意？3试比较唐代东都洛阳与首都长安城市在平面上的异同？4五代至宋时期开封府城市规划与建设方面有哪些重大决策和工程实施？5列举我国三座近代大都市并简述其在外国资本实力影响下城市布局的共同特征？6我国近代城市南通在处理工业区、新城区、港口与老城区布局关系上有何特点？7试述古希腊城市的基本空间要素并举例说明？8试列举西方（意大利）文艺复兴时期五座最著名的广场并简述其平面？9列举英国第一，二，三代卫星城个一个，并简述其相互差别？10试列举欧洲二战后重建的著名城市三座，并简述其重建原则上的共同点？二、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1、请就处理城市与水体关系上论述我国传统城市建设的宝贵遗产。

重庆大学2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试试题科目代码：877科目名称：C语言程序设计和数据库原理及应用总分：150分特别提醒：1、所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上无效，不给分。

2、该科目考生需携带的特殊文具：三角板（如无存储功能计算器、三角板、量角器、绘图工具等），如无特殊要求，则在横线处填写“无”；3、如有选做题，考生须按要求选答，如果多答，则评卷时以答题顺序先者为有效。

一、单项选择题（19题，1-18题每题2分，19题4分，共40分）1、已知 float a；Int b=1；执行语句“a=b++/3；”后，变量a的值是（）。

A）2/3 B）1 C）1/3 D）02、表达式8/4*（Int）2.5/(Int）（1.25*（3.7+2.3）值的数据类型为（)。

A）int B）float C）double D）不确定3、以下描述中正确的是（）。

A）由于 do-while环中循环体语句能是一条可执标语句，所以循环体内不能使用复合语句。

B）do-while循坏do开始，用while结束,在while（表达式）后面不能写分号C）在 do-while循环体中，一定要有能使while后面表达式的值变为零（“假”）的操作D）do-while循环中，根据情况可以省略while4、为了判断两个字符串s1和s2是否相等，应当使用（）A.if（s1==s2）B. if(s1=s2)C.if（strcpy（sl，s2））D.if（strcmp（sl，s 2）==0）5、下面程序片段（字符串内没有空格字符）的输出结果是（）。

printf（"%d\n"，strlen（"ATS\n012\\"））；A）11 B）10 C）9 D）86、下列程序是求1到100的累加和，其中有1个不能够完成规定的功能，是（）A）int s=0，i=1；B）int s=0，i=1；while（i<=100）s+=i++；while（i++<100）s+=i；C）int s=0，i=0；D）int s=0，i=0；while（i<100）s+=++i；While（++i<=100）s+=i；7、根据C语言规定，可知以下不正确的说法是（）。

重庆大学20XX年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：804科目名称：微观经济学（含宏观经济学）一、单项选择题（每小题3分，共45分）1、从经济分析的观点看，资源配置问题说明的是A 人们的需要和资源的供给是有限的；B 人的需要和资源的供给是无限的；C 一种资源有多种利用最佳的用途；D 一种资源总有一种利用效果最佳的用途。

2、关于政府税收下列说法不正确的是：A 无论政府对谁征税，对经济活动的结果都是相似的，征税的总量往往是由交易双方共同承担；B 对厂商征税，使得供给减少，对消费者征税，使得需求减少；C 税负的分担取决于供求弹性。

需求弹性越大，消费者承担的税负越少。

D 一般情况下，政府征税会扭曲经济。

3、最低工资政策的结果是A 劳动供给量增加，需求量减少，因此失业人口会增加；B 劳动供给增加，需求减少，因此失业人口会增加；C 第收入者工资水平普遍提高，社会福利水平提高；D 以上说法都有可能。

4、关于替代效应和收入效应，下列说法正确的是：A 替代效应与价格变动方向相同，收入效应与价格变动方向相反；B 替代效应与价格变动方向相同，收入效应与价格变动方向因商品而异；C 替代效应与价格变动方向相反，收入效应与价格变动方向相同；D 替代效应与价格变动方向相反，收入效应与价格变动方向因商品而异。

5、钻石比水的价格高的原因是：A 钻石是炫耀性商品；B 根据边际效用递减法则，物以稀为贵；C 人们消费钻石的总效用远大于人们消费水的总效用；D 以上说法均正确。

6、已知消费者的收入是100元，X商品的价格是10元，Y商品的价格是3元。

假定该消费者打算购买7单位X和10单位Y，这时X商品和Y商品的边际效用分别是50和18。

如果要获得最大效用，消费者应该：A增加X，减少Y； B 增加Y，减少X；C 同时增加X和Y；D 同时减少X和Y。

7、若某个产量的长期平均成本等于短期平均成本，但高于长期边际成本，则可推断：A 长期平均成本正在下降；B短期平均成本最小；C 短期平均成本等于长期平均成本；D 规模报酬处于递增阶段。

重庆大学研究生研究生入学考试试题考试科目:汽车理论 研究方向：所有方向 专业：车辆工程一．判断题（2分/个，24分）1. 汽车爬坡能力由汽车驱动力决定。

（×）解：汽车动力性能不止受到驱动力制约还受到轮胎与地面附着条件限制2. 弹性迟滞损失是以滚动阻力偶矩形式作用在车轮上阻碍汽车运动。

（√）3. 子午线轮胎滚动阻力系数比普通斜交轮胎滚动阻力系数大。

（×）解：应当是小4. 汽车最高车速相应于发动机最高转速。

（×） 解：0377.0i i rn u g a =且与功率平衡图来拟定最高转速 5. 有汽车2档加速度比1档加速度大。

（√）6. 汽车以高档行驶时，发动机负荷率高，百公里耗油量最大。

（√）7. 只要发动机省油，汽车就一定省油。

（×）解：发动机负荷率高只是省油一种方面此外汽车列车质量运用系数大小也关系到与否省油8. 机械式变速器各档 传动比大体上按等比级数分派。

（√）9. 汽车地面制动力由制动器制动力大小决定。

（×）解：取决于两个摩擦副摩擦力，⑴制动器内制动摩擦片与制动鼓⑵轮胎与地面摩擦力10. 稳态转向特性为局限性转向汽车，其瞬态转向特性也是稳态。

（√）11. 人体承受4~8HZ 垂直振动能力是最强。

（√）12. 提高车身固有频率，可以减小车身振动加速度。

（）二．某些汽车装有超速档，试分析超速档对汽车动力性和燃油经济性影响。

（7分）三．汽车稳态转向特性可用稳定性因数K 表征⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=122k b k a L m K 试运用上式分析下列问题：（共3⨯5分=15分）1） 前轮充气压力高于原则气压，汽车稳态转向特性向什么方向变化；2） 后轴车轮由单胎变为双胎（其她构造不变），汽车稳态转向特性向什么方向变化；3） 后轴车轮由子午线轮胎换为普通斜交轮胎，汽车稳态转向特性向什么方向变化；4） 汽车装载后重心后移，汽车稳态转向特性向什么方向变化；5） 将先后悬架侧倾角刚度比值21φφK K 提高后，汽车稳态转向特性向什么方向变化；四．金属式无级变速器（CVT ）可以提高汽车燃油经济性，试阐明其理论根据。

2010年研究生入学考试系统工程导论科目复习纲要复习参考教材（本科生教材）：《系统工程导论》，MC Hill出版社，第7版《运筹学》，清华大学出版社，第2版《系统工程》，西安交通大学，汪应洛主编，机械工业出版社，第3版一、系统工程基础理论1. 什么是系统？系统的特性有那些？答：系统是由相互制约、相互作用的一些组成部分组成的具有某种功能的有机整体。

系统的特点有：整体性、集合性、层次性、相关性、目的性、环境适应性。

2. 什么是系统工程？系统工程的特点是什么？系统工程方法的特征是什么？系统工程的理论基础有哪些？什么是系统工程方法论答：系统工程是从整体出发合理开发、设计、实施和运用系统技术从而达到全局最优的一门工程技术，它是系统科学中直接改造世界的工程技术。

系统工程具有三个基本特点：整体性、综合性、最优性。

系统工程方法的特征：先总体后详细的设计程序、综合即创造的思想、系统工程的“软科学”性。

系统工程的理论基础：系统论、信息论、控制论以及运筹学等。

控制论的发展经历了：经典控制论、现代控制论、大系统控制论三个时期。

控制论最重要的观点是：反馈和信息。

系统工程方法论是分析和解决系统开发、运作及管理实践中的问题所应遵循的工作程序、逻辑步骤和基本方法，是系统工程考虑和处理问题的一般方法和总体框架。

3. 作为系统工程重要基础的信息论可分为哪三种不同的类型？答：狭义信息论、一般信息论、广义信息论。

4. 霍尔系统工程方法论和切克兰德系统工程方法论的核心是什么？其方法和步骤各有什么特点?二者有何区别和联系？霍尔三维体系结构的具体内容？霍尔三维集中体现了系统工程方法的哪些特点？霍尔系统工程方法论的核心是“最优化”，切克兰德系统工程方法论的核心是“比较”和“学习”。

霍尔系统工程方法论的步骤为：弄清问题 → 目标选择 → 方案设计 → 建立数学模型 → 最优化 → 决策 → 实施。

切克兰德系统工程方法论的步骤为：问题现状说明→ 弄清关联因素 → 概念模型 → 改善概念模型 → 比较 → 实施。

重庆大学研究生入学考试,建筑学基础知识2011年真题2011(355)建筑学基础总分:150一、名词解释(2分/道，共20分)1. 用地红线2. 耐火极限3. 金厢斗底槽4. 城市设计5. 建筑密度6. 多层住宅7. CBD8. 折衷主义9. 光气候 10. 无障碍住房二、填空题(2分/道，共30分)1. 民用建筑的楼梯，每个梯段的踏步数不应超过( )级，亦不应少于( )级。

2. 工程设计收费计费额10000万元时，收费基价304.8万元:计费额20000万元时，收费基价566.8万元。

现某工程概算投资额为15000万元，按收费标准规定的计算方法，不考虑难度系数，应收设计费应约为( )万元。

3. 某城市按1:1.5的日照间距在平地上南北向布置两栋六层住宅，已知住宅高度为17.15米，室内外高差为0.15米，一层窗台高度为1.0米，则此两栋住宅的最小日照间距为( )。

4. 对穿越建筑的消防车道的要求是:净宽不小于( )米，净高不小于( )米。

5. 交通联系部分是建筑重要组成部分。

( )是水平交通的基本形式，( )是解决垂直方向交通的最常用方式。

6. 根据相关防火规范的规定，当消防电梯间与防烟楼梯间合用前室时，公共建筑的前室净面积不应小于( )平方米。

7. 封闭楼梯间的门应为( )方向开启。

8. 学校运动场的长轴宜( )方向布置。

9. 按《高层民用建筑防火规范》的规定，消防控制室宜布置在建筑物的( )层。

10. 我国现存最古老的砖塔是( )。

11. 计算楼梯宽度时，每股人流的计算宽度是( )。

12. 欧洲古典建筑五柱式包括多立克柱式、爱奥尼克柱式、柯林斯柱式、塔斯干柱式以及( )柱式13. 在场地设计中，道路变坡点的最小间距一般是( )米以上。

14. 影响材料导热系数的主要因素有材料的( )和( )。

15. 城市规划的分析方法主要有定性分析、定量分析和( )分析。

三、判断题(2分/道，共30分)1. 在同一张地形图上，相邻两条等高线的高差(等高距)是相等的，等高线的间距是相同的。