下载文档原格式
上海牛津版八年级下册同步讲义Unit 3 Electricity1. servant n. 仆人；佣人e. g. Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters. [谚]水火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。
A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家应当是人民的公仆。
【知识拓展】 serve v. 服务，待客e.g. They served the guests a wonderful dinner. 他们以盛宴招待客人们。
service n. 服务e. g. The train service to the capital is very good. 开往首都的火车服务设施非常好。
注：除了跟学生讲解servant的三个词性转换外，还要告诉学生serve 是及物动词，后面直接跟sb.2. trick v. 欺骗；坑人e. g. Her tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄骗我给了他钱。
（常与out of连用）骗走，恶作剧e.g. His partner tried to trick him out of his share. 他的合伙人企图骗走他的股份。
【知识拓展】 trick n. 诡计；骗术，花招e. g. I can do magic tricks. 我会变魔术。
The children played a trick on their teacher. 孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。
注：根据同类短语讲解trick，例如：play a trick on sb. /make jokes about sb.开某人的玩笑3. electricity n. 电e.g. The power station supplies electricity to this area. 这个电站供应这个区域的电。
学员编号：年级：初二课时数：学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型T Unit3（牛津8下）基础知识梳理星级★★★教学目标1、使学生能够基本掌握本单元中的基础词汇及重要句型；2、使学生熟练运用本节课所学的知识。
授课日期及时段T同步-U3基础知识梳理（建议2-5分钟）ElectricityFor other uses, see Electricity (disambiguation). "Electric" redirects here. For other uses, see Electric (disambiguation).Lightningis one of the most dramatic effects of electricity.Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity gives a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction and the flow of electrical current. In addition, electricity permits the creation and reception of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves.In electricity, charges produce electromagnetic fields which act on other charges. Electricity occurs due to several types of physics:•electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions.Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields.•electric current: a movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typically measured in amperes.•electric field(see electrostatics): an especially simple type of electromagnetic field produced by an electric charge even when it is not moving . The electric field produces a force on other charges in its vicinity. Movingcharges additionally produce a magnetic field.•electric potential: the capacity of an electric field to do work on an electric charge, typically measured in volts.•electromagnets: electrical currents generate magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields generate electrical currentsIn electrical engineering, electricity is used for:•electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment•electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though advances in the science were not made until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Practical applications for electricity however remained few, and it would not be until the late nineteenth century that engineers were able to put it to industrial and residential use. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society. Electricity's extraordinary versatility as a means of providing energy means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is the backbone of modern industrial society.The word electricity is from the New Latin ēlectricus, "amber-like"[, coined in the year 1600 from the Greek ήλεκτρον(electron) meaning amber, because electrical effects were produced classically by rubbing amber.批注：通过阅读这篇短文，让学生了解electricity，引入今天的主题。
8B Unit 3 ElectricityP311. energy n. 能量;活力;精力—energetic a. 精力充沛的e.g. He is full of energy. =He is energetic.2. electricity n. 电—electric a. 电的；用电的—electrical关于电的—electronic a. 电子的---electrician n. 电工；电器技师e.g. Electricity is very important to us. 电对我们很重要。
每一件电器名称都用electric，如：electric lights 电灯/ fans 风扇/ kettles 水壶/rice cookers 电饭煲/ iron….电熨斗电器设备总称：electrical appliances =electrical machinese.g. There are many electrical appliances in my home.带电子的用electronic: an electronic watch an electronic dictionary 电子词典/ calculator P321. change… into…=turn…into…v. 把……变成….. --- changeable a. ---exchange v. 交换2. different kinds of energy n. 不同种类的能量---difference(s) n.---be different from3. kind n. 种类=sort =type a. 友善的；仁慈的be kind to sb.=be friendly to sb.（宾格）4. heat energy n. 热能moving energy n. 动能5. move v. 移动；搬动；使感动---moved a. 被感动的---moving a. 感人的e.g. The film was so moving that we were moved.这部电影如此感人，我们都被感动了。
Unit 3 Traditional skills常考短语：1.paper cutting 剪纸2.set off 动身，出发3.after dark 天黑后，黄昏后4.all the time 一直，始终5.up to 到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有6.up and down 起伏，上下波动7.no more 不再，再也不8.tie...around 拴……在……周围9.cut out 剪成10.in the shape of 以……的形状11.put on 穿上；上演12.close to 靠近13.put up 张贴14.a piece of 一片，一条15.after dark 天黑后要点全解：ed to do sth 过去常常做某事be used to do sth 被用来做某事be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事2.fit 形容词－健康的；动词－合适。
3.set off=set out 出发，动身4.be ready for sth 准备好的；be ready to do sth 准备做某事5.stop ... from doing sth 阻止……做某事6.reach=get to=arrive at/in 到达7.attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力8.throw ... into 把……扔进throw ...away 扔掉throw...at 向……扔去9.make a mistake 犯错误，by mistake 错误地，mistake A for B 把A错认为B10.bring up 抚养，教育，培养11.keep (sb./sth.)+adj. 使……保持……keep (sb./sth.) doing 使……不停地做某事12.be in good/bad health 健康状况好（不好）healthy 健康的13.voice 嗓音，常指人的嗓音、说话声及鸟的鸣叫声。
新版深圳上海沈阳牛津版八年级英语上Lesson 5 Unit 3 Traditional skills知识点解析一、知识导航：二、要点全解1. W used to use horses.Use to do 表示“过去常常，过去是“，没有人称和数的变化，可以和过去的时间状语连用。
否定形式：usedn’t to 或didn’t use to ,疑问句将used提前或Did…use to …?Eg：We usen’t to use horses./We didn’t use to use horses.Used you to use horses?/Did you use to use horses?跟踪练习1.翻译下列句子（1）My father used to eat meat.（2）My father is used to eating meat.（3）He wasn’t u sed to eating in a restaurant.（4）The boy use remote control to drive the toy car all around the playground.（5）The birds use the wings to fly.（6）The cormorants was once used to catch fish.2.--How is your grandma?--She’s fine. She used to ______ TV at home after supper. But now she is used to ______ out for a walk.A. watch; goB. watching; goC. watching; goingD. watch; going3.Bamboo can ______ paper.A. used to makeB. be uesd makeC. be used to makeD. be used to making2.Although he is over 65, he is very fit and still enjoys working.(1)Although连词，虽然；尽管, 连词，与though同义，用来引导让步状语从句，不能和but同时出现，但可以用yet 或still。
第三讲Unit3 Electricity教学过程一、课堂导入教师讲述一个与本节课题目有关的英文小故事，引出今日所要讲解的知识点，然后让学生简单梳理一下所涉及的问题，带着问题学习本节课的内容。
二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课学的重点内容，检测单词的用法，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过英文小故事导入本节课所要学习的新知识。
三、知识讲解1. 知识点一：重点单词1）servant [ˈsɜ:vənt]【词性】n.【词义】仆人【易混淆点】servant 仆人service 服务serve 提供服务【经典例句】Why is the servant in the title dangerous?为什么标题中的仆人是危险的？2）electricity [ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti]【词性】n.【词义】电；电能【易混淆点】electricity 电；电能electrical 用电的【经典例句】Can you get me a package of electricity, please?你能给我一包电吗？3）trick [trɪk]【词性1】v.【词义1】哄骗【词性2】n.【词义2】诡计；花招【易混淆点】trick 哄骗；诡计cheat 欺骗【经典例句】I’ve tricked Daisy at last.我最终哄骗了Daisy。
4）foolish [ˈfu:lɪʃ]【词性】adj.【词义】愚蠢的【易混淆点】foolish 愚蠢的stupid 愚笨的【经典例句】She’ll really look foolish.她将看起来愚蠢的。
5）measure [ˈmeʒə(r)]【词性】v.【词义】测量；度量【经典例句】A meter measures the amount you use.一米度量你所用的电量。
6）bill [bɪl]【词性】n.【词义】账单【易混淆点】pay for bill 支付账单give your order 点单【经典例句】And you get a bill for it monthly.然后你每个月获得为此收到一张账单。
8B Unit 3serve; service; servant:serve v. 意为：“为…服务；待客”。
例如：They served the guests a wonderful dinner. 他们以盛宴招待客人们。
service n. 意为“服务”。
例如：The train service to the capital is very good. 去首都的火车服务设施非常好。
servant n. 意为“仆人；佣人”。
例如：Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters.(谚语)水火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。
electric; electrician; electricity:electric adj. 意为“发电的；由电产生的；电动的”。
例如：They build electric automobiles. 他们制造电动汽车。
electrician n. 意为“电工”。
例如：Master Wang is an electrician. 王师傅是电工。
electricity n. 意为：“电”。
例如：The power station supplies electricity to this area. 这个点站供应这个区域的电。
explain; explanation:explain v. 意为“解释；说明”。
例如：Can you explain why you were late? 你能解释一下你为什么迟到吗？explanation n. 意为“解释；解说；说明”。
例如：The only explanation for his behaviour is that he is mad.对他行为的唯一解释就是他疯了。
visible; vision；invisible:visible adj. 意为“看得见的；显著的；明显的”。
例如：Air isn’t a visible object. 空气不是可见物体。
第三讲Unit3 Electricity教学过程一、课堂导入教师讲述一个与本节课题目有关的英文小故事，引出今日所要讲解的知识点，然后让学生简单梳理一下所涉及的问题，带着问题学习本节课的内容。
二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课学的重点内容，检测单词的用法， (以提问、回顾的形式进行)，针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过英文小故事导入本节课所要学习的新知识。
三、知识讲解1. 知识点一：重点单词1 ) servant [?s?:v?nt]【词性】n.【词义】仆人【易混淆点】servant 仆人service 服务serve 提供服务【经典例句】Why is the servant in the title dangerous? 为什么标题中的仆人是危险的？2)electricity [??lek ?tr ?s?ti]【词性】n.【词义】电；电能【易混淆点】electricity 电；电能electrical 用电的【经典例句】Can you get me a package of electricity, please? 你能给我一包电吗？3)trick [tr ?k]【词性1】v.【词义1 】哄骗【词性2】n.【词义2 】诡计；花招【易混淆点】trick 哄骗；诡计cheat 欺骗【经典例句】I' ve tricked Daisy at last.我最终哄骗了Daisy 。
4 ) foolish [?fu:l ??]【词性】adj.【词义】愚蠢的【易混淆点】foolish 愚蠢的stupid 愚笨的经典例句】She' ll really look foolish. 她将看起来愚蠢的。
5) m easure [?me ??(r)]【词性】v.【词义】测量；度量【经典例句】A meter measures the amount you use. 一米度量你所用的电量。
6) b ill [b?l]【词性】n.【词义】账单【易混淆点】pay for bill 支付账单give your order 点单【经典例句】And you get a bill for it monthly. 然后你每个月获得为此收到一张账单。
牛津英语上海版八年级下册单词与短语Unit 1：prodigy n. （年轻的）天才；奇才pianist n. 钢琴家stunning adj. 绝妙的；令人难忘的sentence n. 句子award n. 奖项；奖品success n. 成功strict adj. 严厉的；要求严格的performance n. 表演；演出forever adv. 永远orchestra n. 管弦乐队encourage v. 鼓励；鼓舞support v. 支持；帮助talent n. 天资；天赋interest n. 兴趣；业余爱好inventor n. 发明家；创造者curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的finding n. 调查发现；研究结果actually adv. 居然；竟然lightning conductor n. 避雷针nowadays adv. 现在；目前bifocals n. 双目眼镜develop v. 研制；发展development n. 开发（成果）；研制（成果）set v. 放；置pavement v. （马路边的）人行道caller n. 打者overcome v. 克服；战胜admire v. 钦佩；崇拜accident n. （交通）事故；意外medal n. 奖牌disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的violin n. 小提琴anyone pron. （用于疑问句或否定句中）任何人hero n. 英雄；豪杰national adj.3 国家的；民族的pride n. 自豪；骄傲volunteer n. 志愿者manage v. 能解决（问题）；应付（困难）hard-working adj. 工作努力的；辛勤的talented adj. 有才能的；天才的intelligent adj. 聪明的；有才智的determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的grocery n. 食品杂货店clothing n. 衣服；服装province n. 省wise adj. 充满智慧的；明智的belief n. 信仰；信念equal adj.平等的；同等的president n. 总统；国家主席grandchild n. （外）孙子；（外）孙女including prep. 包括……在内shopkeeper n. 店主miss v. 怀念；思念retire v. 退休；退职短语：on television 电视播放的at the age of 在……岁时at a price 付代价be strict with sb 对某人要求严格fall ill 病例in place of 代替be grateful to（sb for sth）(为某事)感激（某人）be curious about sth 对某事感到好奇search for 找寻；思索（答案）lead to 使发生；导致protect…from …保护……以免……be tired of （doing sth）厌倦；厌烦（做某事）be known as 被称作；被叫做set up 建立；创建for love 出于热爱forget about sb 不再想某人；不再把某人放在心上come on （表示知道某人说的话不是真的）得了吧save up 储蓄；攒钱fight for 为……斗争be equal to 与……平等in total 总计；总数Unit 2：smart adj. 聪明的；机敏的plenty n. 大量；充足though conj. 虽然；尽管fail v. 失败；未能（做到）altogether adv. 总共；一共amusement n. 娱乐；消遣artist n. 艺术家；画家exaggerate v. 夸张；夸大cheek n. 面颊；脸颊frame n. 框架；构架outline n. 轮廓；略图eyebrow n. 眉毛brilliant adj. 明亮的；鲜艳的humorous adj. 幽默的；滑稽的church n. （基督教的）教堂port n. 港口城市；港口airport n. 航空站；机场mummy n. （儿语）妈妈silly adj. 愚蠢的；傻的delighted adj. 欣喜的；兴高采烈的stadium n. 体育场；运动场joke v. 开玩笑；说笑话splendidly adv. 非常好地；极佳地beat v. 赢；打败goal n. 射门；进球得分nil n. （数码）零；0分stress n. 重音；重读syllable n. 音节expression n. 表情；神色happiness n. 幸福；快乐anger n. 怒；怒气frightened adj 恐惧的；害怕的cunning adj. 诡诈的；狡诈的thoughtful adj. 沉思的；思考的yawn v. 打哈欠comic strip n. 连环漫画round-the-world adj. 环球的；环游世界的forecast n. 预测；预报overturn n. 翻到；倾覆goodness n. 天啊；啊呀wonder v. 想知道；想弄明白industry n. 行业；工业collector n. 收集者；收藏家worth adj. 有……的价钱；值……钱existence n. 存在；实有condition n. 状态；状况tear v. 撕裂；撕碎light v. 点着；点燃candle n. 蜡烛careless adj. 粗心的；疏忽的skillful adj. 熟练的；技术好的truly adv.真地；确实wisdom n. 智慧；才智短语：get…into trouble 使……陷入麻烦run around 到处跑get in trouble with sb 犯事而落到某人手里laugh at 嘲笑from all over the world 来自世界各地的be delighted with sth 对某物很满意play against sb 同某人比赛；迎战score a goa 射门得分play a trick on（someone）戏弄（某人）set out 出发；启程life jacket 救生衣in trouble 处于困境；有麻烦的dete back to 追溯到；始于in existence 存在；现有in good condition 处于良好的状态knock （someone）down 撞到（某人）in reply 回答；回复move out of one’s way 不挡某人的道Unit 3：film –making n. 电影制作tour n.&v. 旅行；旅游movie n. （美式英语）电影highlight n. 最好的部分；最精彩的部分visitor n. 参观者；游客shoot v. 拍摄；摄影attraction n. 令人向往的地方；景点jungle n. 热带丛林；密林humid adj. 湿热的chase v 追赶；追逐impression n.. 印象；影响violently adv. 剧烈地；强烈地extra n. 群众演员delightedly adv. 兴高采烈地；欣喜地lastly adv. 最后role n. 角色set v. 为……设置背景musical n. 音乐剧spaceship n. 宇宙飞船；航天器romantic adj. 爱情的；浪漫的enjoyable adj. 有乐趣的；令人愉快的moving adj. 动人的；感人的extremely adv. 与其地；极度地bump v. （无意地）碰；撞friendship n. 友情；友谊colourful adj. 颜色鲜艳的；五彩缤纷的powerful adj. 强有力的；鲜明的hit n. 很受欢迎的人或事context n. 背景或环境chef n. 厨师；主厨temperature n. 温度；气温aspect n. 方面；层面none pron. 没有一点儿；没有一个mobile phone n. 移动；手机sign v. 签名；签字intention n. 打算；计划tape n. 磁带；录音带fantasy n. 幻想；想像comedy n. 喜剧；喜剧片horror n. 恐惧；惊悚review n 评论opinion n. 意见；看法setting n. 情景；背景leading adj. 最重要的；主要的actress n. 女演员plot n. 故事情节；布局ending n. 结尾；结局amaze v. 使惊愕；使惊诧conclusion n. 结论；推论perfect adj. 非常好；完美的teenager n. 青少年everywhere adv. 处处；到处social adj. 社会的；社交的fantastic adj. 极好的；很棒的complete adj. 完整的；整个的couple n. 两人；两件事物society n. 社会；社团foreign adj. 外国的；外交的blood n. 血；influence n. 影响；作用短语：both…and…不仅…而且…；既……又……jump out of one’s skin 大吃一惊；吓一大跳make a deep impression on （someone）给（某人）留下深刻的印象film star 电影明星turn off 关掉（电器；煤气；水管等）make friends with sb 和某人交朋友take off （飞机等）起飞bump into （无意地）碰；撞make money 赚钱；获利a week or two 一两个星期be worth doing （指行动）值得；有价值be going to do sth 打算做某事a couple of 几个Unit 4：educational adj. 教育上的；有教育意义的thought n. 想法；主意exchange n. 交流；互访host n. 主人organization n. 组织；机构throughout prep. 遍与；各处aim n. 目标；目的deeply adv. 很；非常affect v. 使悲伤；触动dump n. 垃圾场；废物推although conj. 最然；尽管scholarship n. 奖学金sightseeing n. 观光；游览final adj. 最后的；最终的chat v. 闲谈；聊天leaflet 宣传手册；传单allow v 允许；准许custom n. 风俗；习俗detail n. 具体情况；详情flight n. 航班飞机；飞行departure n. 启程；出发arrival n. 到达；抵达aged adj. ……岁education n. 教育（尤指学校的）opposite adj. 相反的；迥然不同的bit n. 有点儿；一点儿shy adj. 腼腆；害羞realize v. 理解；认识到simply adj. 仅仅；只不过comfortable adj. 自在的；自如的stranger n. 陌生人conversation n. （非正式的）交谈；谈话cafe n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆supermarket n. 超级市场；超市fellow adj. 同类的；同事的shock n. 惊愕；令人震惊的事unfamiliar adj. 陌生的；不熟悉的homesick adj. 思乡的；想家的discover v. 发现；发觉vacation n. 假期accent n. 口音；腔调used adj. 习惯于；适应flat adj. 平的；平坦的tiny adj. 极小的；微小的apartment n. 公寓套房uneasy adj. 担心的；不安的select v. 选择；挑选短语：educational exchange 教育交流keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系shout out 大声说出a bit 一点点places of interest 名胜古迹do much sightseeing 四处观光旅游take picture of 拍照take sth with sb 某人随身携带某物be ready to do 乐于做fellow students 同学；同学们take to（someone）开始喜欢（某人）；对（某人）产生好感after a while 过了一会儿get used to sth 习惯某事all the time 一直be different to…与……不同high school 中学Unit 5：amount n. 数量；数额argument n.争吵；争论；digital adj. 数码的；数字的latest adj. 最近的；最新的advantage n. 有利条件；优势within prep. 在……之内budget n. 预算independent adj. 自立的；自主的fair adj. 合理的；公平的responsibility n. 职责；义务racket n. 球拍expect v. 期望；指望professor n. 教授senior adj. 级别高的；高级的（比较：junior 初级的）twin adj. 孪生的；双胞胎的concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的generation n. 一代；一辈sadness n. 悲伤；悲伤的事outing n. 外出游玩；远足care v. 关心；爱护behaviour n. 行为；举止bother v. 使烦恼；使不安unhappy adj. 不高兴的；不满的tiring adj. 累人的；使人疲劳的stress n. 精神压力；心理负担gap n. 分歧；隔阂nonsense n. 谬论；胡扯suggestion n. 建议；提议expression n. 词语；表达方式remark n. 言论；谈论immediately adv. 立刻；马上iron v. 熨；烫平vacuum v. 吸尘dust v. 擦去……的灰尘charter n. 宪章；章程regulation n. 规章；制度gain v. 增加；增进self-control n.自制力；自我控制revise v. 复习；温习advertising n. 广告业；广告活动lawyer n. 律师living room n. 客厅importance n. 重要性；重要headmaster n. 校长decision n. 决定；抉择willing adj. 愿意；乐意pack v. 收拾（行李）；装（箱）insist v. 坚持；坚决要求anywhere adv. 任何地方neighbourhood n. 临近的地方；街区apologize v. 道歉；赔不是短语：pocket money 零花钱after all 毕竟；归根到底pay sb for sth 为某物付费给某人be serious about（sth）对（某事）当真；对（某事）认真for nothing 不花钱；免费的argue with sb 和某人争吵be concerned about 对……担心；对……忧虑get angry with 对……生气；对……发怒pop music 流行音乐generation gap 代沟do the washing 洗衣服washing machine 洗衣机by hand 用手的；手工的disagree with 不同意……；持不同意见wash the dishes 洗碗be happy with 对……满意；对……放心be willing to do sth 愿意做某事；乐意做某事be busy （in）doing sth 忙于做某事insist on 坚持；执意try doing sth 尝试做某事look forward to（doing）sth 盼望（某事）；期待（做）某事Unit 6：fence n. 栅栏；围栏literature n. 文学；文学作品therefore adv. 因此；从而novel n. （长篇）小说yard n. （长度单位）码guess v. 猜测；推测joy n. 欢乐；喜悦heart n. 心；心脏kite n. 风筝marble n. （玻璃）弹子sort n. 种类；类别coat n. 涂料层；覆盖层midnight n. 午夜；子夜graveyard n. 墓地stab v. 刺；刺伤truth n. 真相；实情scared adj. 恐惧的；害怕的killer n. 杀手；杀人者trial n. 审判；审讯hang v. （被）绞刑；施以绞刑escape v. 逃脱；溜走attitude n. 态度；看法romance n. 爱情故事geography n. 地理（学）pen-name n. 笔名birthplace n. 出生地printer n. 印刷工人；印刷公司steamboat n. 汽船achieve v. 达到；获得ambition n.追求的目标；夙愿state n. 州；郡sail v. 航行miner n. 矿工；采矿者lecture n. 演讲；讲座consider v. 认为；以为；考虑case n. 容器；箱cheat v. 欺骗；欺诈make n.（机器、设备等的）品牌；型号storybook n. 儿童故事书；童话书author n. 作家；创造者solution n. 解决办法；处理手段simplify v. 使简化；使简易version n. 版本；改写本spare v. 抽出；留出persuade v. 说服；劝说otherwise adv. 不同地；别的方式tradition n. 传统rock n. 岩石；石头bat n. 蝙蝠flame n. 火焰；火舌短语：have a rest 休息一会儿come by 经过；路过…and so on ………等等all sorts of 各种各样的do a good job 干得好dig up 挖出have an argument 吵架；争论knock （someone）out 打昏（某人）call out 大声叫出set free 释放come up 跟上来have one’s own way有自己的一套；随心所欲here and there 在各处；到处hurry（sb）away使（某人）迅速离开Unit 7：short-term adj. 短期的；近期的long-term adj. 长期的；长远的weak adj. 弱的；差的brain n. 脑；脑部memorize v. 记住；记忆correct adj. 准确无误的；正确的order n. 顺序；次序spider n. 蜘蛛dramatic adj. 突然的；令人吃惊的elderly adj. 年纪大的；上了年纪的weigh v. 有……重；重……cell n. 细胞active adj. 忙碌的；活跃的matter n. 物质；材料store v. 系统；体质per cent n. 百分之……non-active adj. 非活跃的system n. 系统；体制regularly adv. 经常；有规律的exercise v. 活动；锻炼tough adj. 坚固的；结实的rarely adv. 罕有；很少normally adv. 通常；正常情况下episodic adj. 片段性的procedural adj. 程序性的semantic adj. 语义的prospective adj. 即将发生的champion n. 冠军；第一名personal adj. 个人的；亲身的recall v. 回想起；记起terrific adj. 极好的；绝妙的kid v. 戏弄；开玩笑disbelief n. 不相信；怀疑excuse n. 借口；理由pity n. 遗憾；可惜daydream n. 白日梦；幻想charity n. 慈善；慈善机构ATM n. 自动提款机wallet n. 钱包；皮夹子basket n. 篮子；筐exactly adv. 确切地；精确地millionaire n. 百万富翁；大富翁immediate adj. 即时的；即刻的knowledge n. 知识；学识meaning n. 意义；意思method n. 方法；措施organized adj. 有条理的；有条不紊的concentrate v. 集中（注意力）；聚精会神prevent v. 防止；阻止sleepiness n. 困倦；瞌睡concentration n. 专心；专注focus v. 集中（注意力或精力）confuse v. 使糊涂；使迷惑短语：a long time ago 很久以前get old 老了；上了年纪go wrong 发生故障；出毛病lose one’s memory 失忆heart about 听说；得知grey matter （大脑）灰质white matter 白质nervous system 神经系统in one’s 90s （某人）九十多岁a large amount of 大量的；许多put on weight 体重增加；变胖了lose weight 减肥；变瘦了leave school 毕业keep（sth）for oneself 把（某物）留给自己in need 贫穷；贫困make a noise 发出响声；发出噪音less than 少于；不到pass （sth）on to 把（某物）传给；转交at a time 一次；每次the whole of one’s life 一生；终生divide（sth）into分开；把（某物）分成link（sth）with（sth）把（某物）与（某物）连接起来focus one’s attention （on sth）集中注意力。
教育 1对 3指导讲义学员姓名：学科教师：年级：八年级指导科目：英语讲课日期时间主题名词修饰词1.掌可数名词和不行数名词的修饰词；学习目标2.能在详细语境中采用正确的修饰词。
教课内容1、上一次课后稳固作业复习；2、互动探究a few few a little little中文意思有一些几乎没有有一些几乎没有修饰可数 /不行数可数名词可数名词不行数名词不行数名词【知识梳理1】1. 基本用法中文修饰可数名词修饰不行数名词备注一些(≈ some) a few a little一定含义几乎没有(≈ no)few little否认含义【例题精讲】He is a man of few words.Tony asked us a few questions.There is little milk in the fridge so we have to buy some.I need a little help to move these books.注意：only/quite后只好加 a few 或 a little ；而 so/very后只好加few 或 little.only a few ≈ few ≈ very few， only a little≈ little≈；veryquitelittlea few≈ many，quite a little≈；muchQuite a few visitors come to Shanghai every year.This movie is so boring that very few people want to see it.He knows only a little about Chinese history.I can go out with you tomorrow as I have very little work to do these days.【稳固练习】1.Hurry up. There is ________ time left.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few2.If you save ________ coins a day， you will be able to buy a mobile phone in a year.A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few3.I am afraid you can’ t post so many postcards with so money.A. lessB. fewC. a littleD. little4.My husband has quite a few ________ . He likes painting ， reading ， bowling ， surfing and so on.A. interestB. interestsC. interestedD. interesting5.— Are there any prawns left on the plate?— Only ________.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few【知识梳理2】 some any1.some 是不定量代词，意为“一些”，既能够修饰可数名词，也能修饰不行数名词，常用于一定句，当用在特别疑问句中时表示盼望获得对方的一定回答。
I'd like to have some milk for breakfast.早饭我想喝一些牛奶。
-W ould you like some water? 你想要喝水吗？-N o， thank you. 不，感谢。
2. any 意为“一些”时，能够修饰可数名词的复数，也能够修饰不行数名词；当any 意为“任一”时，也可用于一定句中，起重申作用。
3.Do you have any questions to ask? 你有什么问题要问吗?4.There isn ’ t any water in this bottle这.个瓶子里没有水。
5.You may take any of them. 这些东西，你随意拿哪个都行。
6.Call me any day next week. 下周任何一天给我打电话都能够。
【稳固练习】1.There isn ’ t ________ orange juice in my bottle. Please give me ________.2.— Do you have ________ picture -books?3. — No， I don’ t have ________. But I have ________ story-books.4.— Are there ________ boys in the classroom?5.— No， but there are ________ girls in it.6.— Which one can I take?7.— You may take ________ one of them.8. — Would you like ________ fruit juice，please?9.— No. I ’ d like ________ tea.【知识梳理3】 a lot of ， a lot ， plenty of1. a lot of= lots of是一个形容词性短语，意为“很多，大批”，修饰可数名词或不行数名词，常用于一定句中。
There are a lot of trees in this park.这个公园里有大批的树。
Tom earns a lot of money by hard work.汤姆经过努力工作挣了很多钱。
2. a lot①作代词 pron.表示“好多，多半”。
How many do you want? --A lot/lots.Have some more pie， there ’ s a lot left.②作副词 adv. 修饰形容词和动词，表示“特别，相当”，置于被修饰的形容词或动词以后。
He is feeling a lot better today.I play tennis quite a lot in the summer.3. plenty of意为“大批的，丰裕的”，用来修饰可数名词和不行数名词，用法同 a lot of / lots of 。
Do you need more milk? --No thanks， there's plenty of it in the fridge.We believe in taking in plenty of fresh air and getting plenty of exercise.【稳固练习】1.---Would you like _______ milk to drink?--- Ok ， thanks.A. anyB. muchC. someD. a lot2.There isn't ____ water in the cup.A ． any B． many C． some D． The3.There is ____ milk in the fridge. You needn’ t buy any.A ． noB ．a lot of C. a lot D. many4.He has books about English.A. manyB. muchC. anyD. a lot5.---How money do you have?---Only one hundred yuan.A. manyB. muchC. anyD. a lot【知识梳理4】many ， much ， enough1. many 和 much 都意为“很多”，但many 用于修饰可数名词，而much 修饰不行数名词。
China has many oil fields. 中国有很多油田。
In our view ， there is much oil here. 在我们看来，这里有很多石油。
Many of the students are taking classes now.Much of the water here is dirty and bad for our health.2.enough①作名词、代词，意思是 " 足够；充分 " 。
Enough has been said on this subject.Would you like some more muffins? --No，thanks. I've had enough. (enough=enough food)【注意】当enough 后的名词前有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词或其自己就是代词时，要用介词of。
They were able to save enough of their furniture to fill a room.②作形容词，意思是"足够的；充分的" ，常与 for 或不定式连用，置于被修饰的可数/不行数名词以前，可以作定语或表语。
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have use.I've got enough money to pay for a taxi.③作副词，意思是" 十分地；充分地；足够地；充分地"，置于被修饰的形容词或副词以后，常与不定式或介词for 连用，在句子中作状语，表示程度。
Is the river deep enough for swimming/to swim in?I wish you'd write clearly enough for us to read it.【稳固练习】1.A smile costs nothing ， but gives so ________.A. littleB. fewC. manyD. much2.It ’ s easy to find a good hotel in our city because we have ________ of them here.A. noneB. fewC. manyD. each3.We need to go shopping. There is ________ juice left in the fridge.A. littleB. fewC. manyD. much4.He ran and ran， but he couldn’ t run ________ to catch the bus.A. fast enoughB. enough quickC. enough fastD. enough quickly5.He is ________ school.A. old enough going toB. enough old to go toC. old enough to go toD. enough old going to【知识梳理 4】 a great deal of ， a great amount of， a large quantity of， a large number of 短语中文释义可修饰对象例句a great deal of好多，大批的不行数名词The race gave every one a great deal of pleasure.a great amount of好多，大批的不行数名词 A great amount of money is spent on tobacco everyyear.a small/large好多，大批的不行数名词/可 1. The factory needs a large quantity of water.quantity of 数名词复数2. There is only a small quantity of flowers left inthe garden.a (large) number好多，大批的可数名词复数 A number of people came from all parts of the of country to see the exhibition.【稳固练习】I Translation:1.A small quantity of people from all parts of the country to see the exhibition .2.A large quantity of water has been polluted in the past few years.3.The number of students is not enough to take part in the basketball match.基础版：I. Choose the best answer.1. I didn’ t like the TV play.of the actors and actresses was famous.A. BothB. AllC. NeitherD. None2. No news ________ good news.A. isB. areC. hasD. have3. — Would you like ________ tea or coffee?— Thank you. I ’ ve justenoughhad.A. someB. bothC. eitherD. neither4.He doesn ’ t talk a lot. He is a man of ________words.A. fewB. littleC. a fewD. a little5.We are almost out of rain in this area. The sentence means”.“ ________A. We haven ’ t any rain in this area.C. We have little rain in this area.B. We have no rain in this area.D. We have a little rain in this area.6.— Are there any prawns left on the plate?— Only ________ .A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few7.— You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon?— I did ________ Christmas shopping.A. a lot ofB. a few ofC. a number ofD. a piece of8. ________ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ________ teachers.A. A number of ； womenB. A number of ； womanC. The number of ； womenD. The number of ； woman9. They spent ________ money on the new hospital.A. a great dealB. a great deal ofC. a great manyD. a large number of10. He possesses ________ books.A. plenty ofB. very muchC. a great deal ofD. an amount of(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)1.Mary ’ s handwriting is the best in her class. ( 保持原意 )handwriting is better than Mary’ s in her class.2.The boy turned off the TV after his mother came back. （保持原句意思）The boy _____ turn off the TV_____ mother came back.3.Electricity comes into our flats through thin wires.( 划线发问 )__________ __________electricity come into your flats?4.I read an interesting book last night. （改为叹息句）________ ________ interesting book I read last night!5.The story was very interesting. I could never forget it. （归并为一句）The story was _______interesting _______ I could never forget it.提高版：1.The play was not interesting ， so there were ________ empty seals in the theatre.A. a littleB. a lotC. manyD. much2.I felt so hungry at midnight， but I couldn't find ________ to eat in my flat.A. everythingB. somethingC. anythingD. nothing3.I need ________ bananas to make fruit salad. Could you please buy some?A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little4.– Which place do you prefer to live in， a city or a countryside?-- I don ’ t care. ________ is fine.A. EitherB. NeitherC. AllD. None5.The English guest could speak only ________ Chinese ， but she managed to communicate with us.A. fewB. littleC. a littleD. a few6.We should never be satisfied with ________ book knowledge. We also need practical experience.A. fewB. littleC. a fewD. a little7.There isn’ t much bread，herebut you can take ________ if you want to.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little8.In the modern world ， ________ young people are interested in cormorant fishing.A. a fewB. fewC. lots ofD. some9.We had ________ bread for supper.A. noB. notC. no anyD. not any10.________ of the telephones is working.A. NoneB. No oneC. NoD. Not a（用括号中所给单词的适合形式达成以下句子。
