Discovery of a Large-Scale Abundance Gradient in the Cluster of Galaxies AWM7 with ASCA

意外的发现英语作文植物Unexpected Botanical Discoveries: Unveiling Nature's Hidden Treasures.The realm of botany is a vast and ever-evolving tapestry of life, teeming with countless species that enchant and inspire. Amidst the familiar and oft-studied, there lie hidden treasures, discoveries that have revolutionized our understanding of the plant kingdom and its profound impact on our world.A Hidden Treasure in the Amazon Rainforest.Nestled within the verdant embrace of the Amazon rainforest, researchers stumbled upon a hitherto unknown species of vine, the "Tree of Life." This extraordinary plant, sprawling across the canopy, possesses remarkable medicinal properties. Its leaves and bark contain compounds with potent antibacterial and antiviral activity, offering hope for new treatments against infectious diseases.A Carnivorous Plant in the Sahara.In the desolate expanse of the Sahara desert, wherelife seems scarce, an astonishing discovery emerged. Scientists unearthed a previously unknown species of carnivorous plant, the "Sahara sundew." This enigmaticplant attracts insects with its glistening droplets of mucilage, trapping them on its sticky leaves for nourishment. Its existence challenges the notion that carnivorous plants are confined to nutrient-poor habitats.A Healing Herb from the Andes.High in the cloud forests of the Andes, a botanical expedition encountered a humble herb, the "Andean hummingbird flower." This unassuming plant, once overlooked, was found to possess remarkable wound-healing properties.Its extracts have shown promise in promoting tissue regeneration and reducing inflammation, offering potential applications in surgical dressings and burn treatments.A Crop-Saving Fungus in the Heartland of America.In the agricultural heartland of America, a seemingly innocuous fungus inadvertently became a savior. The "corn endophyte," initially considered a pest, was found to protect corn plants from devastating fungal diseases. This discovery led to the development of disease-resistant corn varieties, ensuring bountiful harvests and reducing the need for chemical pesticides.A Tree with a Hidden Power in the Arctic Circle.Beyond the Arctic Circle, where the harsh climate challenges the limits of life, a remarkable tree was discovered, the "Siberian larch." This ancient tree, with its long, needle-like leaves, was found to sequester vast amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Its abundance in the Arctic may play a crucial role in mitigating climate change.A Blooming Miracle in Antarctica.Antarctica, the icy continent at the Earth's southernmost point, was once thought to be devoid of plant life. However, a team of scientists discovered a thriving community of mosses, lichens, and algae clinging to exposed rocks in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. These microscopic organisms, adapted to extreme cold and aridity, offer insights into the resilience of life in the most challenging environments.A Poisonous Plant with Medicinal Properties.In the lush rainforests of Southeast Asia, a venomous plant known as the "Cobra lily" was found to possess a hidden medicinal treasure. Its venom, once feared for its toxic effects, contains compounds that have shown promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Research is ongoing to explore the therapeutic potential of this paradoxical plant.A Tree with Ancient Secrets in the Mediterranean.On the sun-drenched shores of the Mediterranean, anancient olive tree, estimated to be over 3,000 years old, was discovered. Its gnarled trunk and twisted branches held a wealth of information, revealing insights into past climates and agricultural practices. This living testament to resilience and longevity continues to fascinate researchers and inspire awe.A Symbiotic Partnership in the Coral Reefs.The vibrant ecosystems of coral reefs are home to a myriad of life forms, including an unexpected symbiotic partnership between algae and sea anemones. The algae, dwelling within the sea anemones' tissues, provide food through photosynthesis, while the sea anemones afford the algae protection from grazers. This mutualisticrelationship highlights the interconnectedness of life in marine environments.A Plant with Extraterrestrial Connections.In the vast expanse of space, astronauts aboard the International Space Station made an astonishing discovery.A small, unassuming plant, the "Dwarf wheat," was found to thrive in microgravity conditions. This revelation suggests the potential for plant life to adapt and survive in extraterrestrial environments, paving the way for future space exploration and off-world agriculture.Conclusion.The botanical world is a boundless realm of wonder, where unexpected discoveries continue to redefine our understanding of nature's ingenuity. From the depths of rainforests to the icy landscapes of the Arctic, plants hold secrets that can heal, protect, and inspire. As we continue to explore the fascinating tapestry of plant life, we uncover not only the intrinsic beauty of nature but also its immeasurable potential to benefit humanity.。

写一篇关于海洋探索更重要的作文英语全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Importance of Ocean ExplorationThe Earth's oceans are vast, mysterious, and largely unexplored. Covering over 70% of the planet's surface, the depths of the ocean remain one of the most understudied environments on our world. While we have made great strides in space exploration, venturing to the Moon and even Mars, the ocean's secrets have remained largely elusive to humanity. However, ocean exploration is of paramount importance, and its significance cannot be overstated. In this essay, I will delve into the reasons why exploring the ocean should be a top priority for the scientific community and society as a whole.Firstly, the ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate and weather patterns. The ocean absorbs a significant amount of carbon dioxide and heat from the atmosphere, mitigating the effects of global warming. By studying ocean currents, temperatures, and chemical compositions, scientists can better understand and predict climate change, which hasfar-reaching consequences for our planet and its inhabitants. Additionally, understanding the ocean's role in the global water cycle is essential for managing water resources and mitigating the effects of droughts and floods.Secondly, the ocean is a treasure trove of biodiversity, with countless species yet to be discovered. According to estimates, only about 20% of the ocean's species have been identified and cataloged. The remaining 80% of marine life is still a mystery, and who knows what incredible creatures or biological processes await discovery? Exploring the ocean's depths could lead to groundbreaking discoveries in fields such as medicine, biotechnology, and ecosystem conservation. For example, certain marine organisms have already provided valuable insights into developing new cancer treatments and antibiotics.Furthermore, ocean exploration is essential for understanding the geological processes that shape our planet. The seafloor is riddled with hydrothermal vents, underwater volcanoes, and tectonic plate boundaries, all of which offer invaluable insights into the Earth's interior and the forces that shape its surface. By studying these geological features, scientists can better comprehend natural phenomena such asearthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions, potentially saving countless lives through improved prediction and preparedness.Moreover, ocean exploration has significant economic implications. The ocean is a vital source of food, with millions of people worldwide relying on fisheries for their livelihoods and sustenance. However, overfishing and habitat destruction have depleted many marine ecosystems, threatening the long-term sustainability of these resources. By exploring and understanding the ocean's ecosystems, we can develop more effective conservation strategies and sustainable fishing practices, ensuring a stable food supply for future generations.In addition, the ocean harbors vast reserves of untapped natural resources, including minerals, energy sources, and potentially life-saving compounds. As the world's population continues to grow and resource demands increase, exploring and responsibly utilizing these resources could provide valuable economic opportunities while minimizing environmental impact.Furthermore, ocean exploration has the potential to uncover invaluable archaeological and historical insights. Numerous shipwrecks and submerged civilizations lie on the seafloor, offering a window into our past and shedding light on ancient cultures, trade routes, and maritime histories. By studying theseunderwater artifacts, we can gain a deeper understanding of human evolution and the interconnectedness of our global societies.Despite the numerous benefits of ocean exploration, it is a field that remains underfunded and underappreciated. Compared to space exploration, which has captured the public's imagination and garnered significant financial support, ocean exploration often takes a backseat. This is largely due to the inherent challenges and risks associated with exploring the ocean's depths, such as extreme pressures, limited visibility, and the harsh environment.However, technological advancements in areas such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and advanced diving equipment have made ocean exploration safer and more accessible than ever before. With continued investment and support, we can overcome these challenges and unlock the ocean's secrets, benefiting humanity in countless ways.In conclusion, ocean exploration is a vital endeavor that should be prioritized by the scientific community and society as a whole. From unlocking the mysteries of climate change and biodiversity to uncovering valuable resources and historicalinsights, the potential benefits of exploring the ocean are vast and far-reaching. By investing in this field, we not only expand our knowledge and understanding of our planet but also secure a more sustainable and prosperous future for generations to come. The ocean is a frontier waiting to be explored, and it is our responsibility to embrace this challenge and unlock the secrets that lie beneath the waves.篇2The Vital Importance of Ocean ExplorationThe oceans cover over 70% of our planet's surface, yet they remain one of the most unexplored and least understood environments on Earth. As a student passionate about science and discovery, I firmly believe that ocean exploration should be a top priority for the global community. The vast expanse of the world's oceans holds immense potential for groundbreaking scientific discoveries, sustainable resource management, and a deeper understanding of our planet's intricate ecosystems.One of the most compelling reasons to prioritize ocean exploration is the sheer abundance of undiscovered life forms that likely inhabit the depths. Current estimates suggest that we have only identified and studied around 20% of the species livingin the ocean. The remaining 80% represents a treasure trove of biodiversity waiting to be uncovered. By exploring the ocean's diverse habitats, from the sunlit shallows to the pitch-black trenches, we stand to uncover new species of marine life, each with unique adaptations and potential applications in fields such as medicine, biotechnology, and environmental science.Furthermore, the ocean plays a crucial role in regulating our planet's climate and weather patterns. The intricate currents, temperature gradients, and chemical cycles that occur within the ocean's vastness influence atmospheric conditions and drive global climate systems. By enhancing our understanding of these complex processes through comprehensive ocean exploration, we can better predict and mitigate the impacts of climate change, as well as develop more effective strategies for environmental conservation and sustainability.Ocean exploration also holds immense economic potential. The marine environment is a rich source of natural resources, including minerals, energy sources, and pharmaceuticals. With the depletion of terrestrial resources on the horizon, the ocean could provide sustainable alternatives for meeting theever-growing demands of our rapidly expanding global population. However, responsible and well-informed resourceextraction requires a thorough understanding of the ocean's ecosystems, obtained through extensive exploration and research.Beyond the scientific and economic benefits, ocean exploration can also foster international cooperation and diplomacy. The ocean spans across national boundaries, and its exploration often requires collaborative efforts between countries, research institutions, and diverse stakeholders. By working together towards a common goal of understanding and protecting the ocean, nations can build stronger diplomatic ties, promote knowledge-sharing, and collectively address global challenges that transcend borders.Despite the numerous compelling reasons to prioritize ocean exploration, there are significant challenges and obstacles that must be overcome. The extreme conditions found in the ocean's depths, such as immense pressure, darkness, and limited accessibility, pose significant technological and logistical hurdles. Developing specialized equipment and vessels capable of withstanding these harsh environments requires substantial financial investment and ongoing research and development.Additionally, the sheer scale of the ocean presents a daunting task for comprehensive exploration. With an averagedepth of nearly 4 kilometers and vast, unexplored regions, mapping and studying the ocean's entirety is a monumental undertaking that requires sustained global commitment and collaboration.Furthermore, there are environmental concerns associated with ocean exploration activities. Invasive sampling techniques, pollution from research vessels, and the potential disturbance of fragile ecosystems could have unintended consequences on marine life and habitats. It is crucial that ocean exploration efforts are conducted with the utmost care and adherence to strict environmental protocols to minimize negative impacts.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of ocean exploration far outweigh the obstacles. By harnessing the power of scientific innovation, international cooperation, and a deep respect for the marine environment, we can unlock the secrets of the ocean's depths and unlock a wealth of knowledge and opportunities that will shape the future of our planet.As a student passionate about science and the natural world, I believe that ocean exploration should be a top priority for our generation. The oceans represent a vast frontier of discovery, offering insights into the origins of life, the intricacies of our planet's systems, and the potential for sustainable resourcemanagement. By investing in ocean exploration, we not only expand the boundaries of human knowledge but also pave the way for a more sustainable and prosperous future for all.In conclusion, the importance of ocean exploration cannot be overstated. It holds the key to unlocking invaluable scientific discoveries, fostering international cooperation, and ensuring the responsible stewardship of our planet's most vast and vital resource. As students and future leaders, it is our responsibility to champion the cause of ocean exploration and embrace the boundless potential that lies beneath the waves.篇3Why Ocean Exploration Matters More Than EverThe ocean covers around 71% of the Earth's surface and contains about 97% of the planet's water. It produces over half of the world's oxygen and absorbs the most carbon from the atmosphere. The ocean regulates our climate and weather patterns. And yet, we have better maps of Mars than we do of the ocean floor. We have explored less than 20% of the ocean realm. There is still so much about this vast underwater frontier that remains unexplored and unknown to us.As a student, I have grown up learning about the importance of exploring space. Missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond have captivated my imagination since I was a child. However, the more I learn, the more I have come to realize that ocean exploration is just as critical, if not more so, for the future of humanity and life on Earth. Here's why:Understanding and Protecting Marine EcosystemsThe ocean is home to most of Earth's biodiversity, with over 2 million different species identified so far. However, scientists estimate there are millions more marine species yet to be discovered and studied, especially in unexplored deep ocean areas. By exploring and understanding marine ecosystems, we can learn how to better conserve and protect them from threats like pollution, overfishing, and climate change.Many kinds of life may hold the keys to advances in fields like medicine, engineering, and biotechnology. Marine organisms have evolved over millions of years to survive in extreme ocean environments, developing unique molecular processes that could lead to treatments for diseases or innovative new materials. But if we don't explore the ocean, we risk losing these precious resources before we even know they exist.Combating Climate ChangeThe ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate by absorbing and storing large amounts of heat and carbon dioxide. However, climate change is causing ocean temperatures to rise and making the water more acidic, which is damaging marine ecosystems on a vast scale. Ice caps and glaciers are melting at alarming rates, raising sea levels and flooding coastal communities.We need to study these processes in much greater detail through ocean exploration in order to better model climate patterns and develop mitigation and adaptation strategies. New ocean monitoring technologies and increased seafloor mapping could provide vital insights and predictive data to help us address one of the greatest threats facing humanity and life on Earth.Uncovering Our Past and Future ResourcesThe ocean holds treasures and data that could unlock our understanding of Earth's history and provide resources for the future. The seabeds preserve millions of years of sediment records and microfossils that could shed light on ancient life forms, climates, and geological events. Underwaterarchaeological sites contain priceless artifacts and shipwrecks that teach us about human history and civilizations.The ocean could also supply resources to meet growing demands as the human population expands. Seafloor minerals and rare earth elements are needed for many modern technologies. Offshore oil, gas, and methane reserves could potentially meet some energy needs for now as we transition to cleaner and renewable sources. Exploring and mapping these offshore resources is crucial for any future sustainable management and extraction plans.Improving Maritime Operations and SecurityAbout 90% of internationally traded goods are transported across the oceans. Safe and efficient maritime trade operations rely on precise oceanographic data and seafloor mapping to prevent incidents and plan optimal shipping routes.Increased ocean exploration could enhance navigation, detect hazards and obstructions, monitor marine conditions, support offshore infrastructure projects, and more. It could also aid in maritime enforcement efforts against illegal fishing, smuggling, trafficking, and other criminal activities occurring in the vastness of the ocean.Seizing the Opportunity for DiscoveryIn the age of powerful ocean exploration tools and technologies, now is the ideal time to seize the opportunity for discovery. We have access to advanced sensor systems, autonomous underwater vehicles, seafloor mapping capabilities, and more. As we continue to develop innovative ocean engineering and infrastructure, who knows what mysteries and wonders we may uncover?I can't help but think of the thrill and pioneering spirit of the first space explorers who ventured into the unknown. Surely, there are new frontiers and paradigm-shifting revelations awaiting us as we journey deeper into the ocean's uncharted territories and extreme environments. The ocean could be this generation's "final frontier" filled with endless potential for advancing science and benefitting humanity.A Worthwhile Investment for Knowledge and Our FutureOf course, I understand that space exploration stirs our imagination and desire to push the boundaries of human capability and ambition. And I don't diminish the many invaluable scientific insights and technological innovations that have resulted from space programs.However, as the world faces increasing challenges from climate change, dwindling resources, threats to biodiversity, and so many other environmental issues, I believe ocean exploration must be an even greater priority for our civilization. The knowledge and discoveries to be gained from exploring the ocean could be key to overcoming these challenges and ensuring a better future for all life on this water-covered planet we call home.While the quest to explore other worlds millions of miles away is captivating, I would argue that we first need to completely understand our own world - starting by venturing just a few miles below the ocean's surface. The ocean may very well be one of humanity's best resources for adapting and surviving in the face of global changes and existential threats.Some may contend that ocean exploration is costly and that the funds could be better used elsewhere. But in my view, investing in expanding our understanding of the ocean realm is an investment in our very existence and future prosperity. The data and knowledge we gain could save us trillions in the long run by mitigating climate impacts, unlocking new resources and innovations, and securing maritime industries and coastal regions.So as a student who will soon be helping shape the future of this planet, I urge my generation and those to come to prioritize and champion ocean exploration like never before. Let's continue pushing into the deepest, farthest reaches of the ocean with a renewed sense of passion, purpose, and pioneering spirit. The ocean remains one of the most underexplored realms on Earth, but it just may be the key to ensuring a thriving, sustainable world for centuries to come. We simply cannot afford to not explore it.。

英语作文石雷鹏课Here is a 2,000-word essay in English on the topic of Shi Leipeng's course:The Invaluable Insights of Shi Leipeng's Course。

In the ever-evolving landscape of personal and professional development, few individuals have left as indelible a mark as Shi Leipeng. As a renowned educator, speaker, and author, Shi's course has become a beacon of wisdom and transformation for countless individuals seeking to unlock their true potential. This essay will delve into the profound insights and practical teachings that have made Shi Leipeng's course a game-changer for those who have had the privilege of experiencing it.At the heart of Shi Leipeng's course lies a fundamental belief: that every individual possesses the innate capacity for greatness, but often struggles to fully realize it due to the limitations and constraints imposed by societalnorms, personal fears, and limiting beliefs. Shi's courseis designed to shatter these barriers, empowering participants to embark on a transformative journey of self-discovery and personal growth.One of the core tenets of Shi's teachings is the importance of self-awareness. He emphasizes the need for individuals to deeply examine their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and to develop a keen understanding of the underlying drivers that shape their experiences. Through a series of introspective exercises and guided reflections, Shi's course encourages participants to uncover their core values, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and cultivate a profound sense of self-understanding.This heightened self-awareness is the foundation upon which Shi Leipeng's course builds its transformative power. By helping individuals gain a clear and honest perspective on their own lives, Shi empowers them to make informed decisions, set meaningful goals, and take purposeful action towards their desired outcomes. This process of self-discovery is not always easy, as it often requiresparticipants to confront their deepest fears and limiting beliefs. However, Shi's compassionate and empathetic approach provides a safe and supportive environment forthis crucial inner work to take place.One of the standout features of Shi Leipeng's course is its emphasis on the power of mindset. Shi firmly believes that our thoughts and beliefs have a profound impact on our experiences and outcomes. Throughout the course, he guides participants in the art of reframing their perspectives, challenging negative thought patterns, and cultivating a mindset of abundance, resilience, and possibility. By equipping individuals with the tools to manage their inner dialogues and shift their mental frameworks, Shi's course empowers them to overcome obstacles, embrace change, and unlock new levels of personal and professional success.Another key aspect of Shi Leipeng's teachings is the importance of goal-setting and strategic planning. He recognizes that without a clear vision and a well-crafted roadmap, individuals can easily become lost in the chaos of everyday life. Through his course, Shi helps participantsdefine their long-term aspirations, break them down into actionable steps, and develop practical strategies for achieving their goals. This systematic approach to personal and professional development not only provides a sense of direction and purpose but also fosters a deep sense of accountability and commitment.One of the most remarkable aspects of Shi Leipeng's course is its ability to transcend individual differences and cater to a diverse range of participants. Whether they are seasoned professionals, aspiring entrepreneurs, or individuals seeking a personal transformation, Shi's teachings resonate with people from all walks of life. This universal appeal is a testament to his deep understanding of the human experience and his ability to distill complex concepts into accessible and practical insights.Throughout the course, Shi Leipeng also emphasizes the importance of cultivating meaningful relationships and building a supportive network. He encourages participants to engage in collaborative exercises, share their experiences, and learn from one another. This fostering ofa community of like-minded individuals not only enhancesthe learning experience but also provides a valuablesupport system for participants to lean on long after the course has concluded.Perhaps one of the most profound and lasting impacts of Shi Leipeng's course is its ability to inspire participants to embrace a life of purpose and fulfillment. By guiding them through a process of self-discovery and personal growth, Shi empowers individuals to align their actionswith their deepest values and to pursue a path that istruly meaningful to them. This sense of purpose anddirection can have a transformative effect on one's life, leading to increased motivation, a greater sense of well-being, and a deeper connection to the world around them.As participants complete Shi Leipeng's course, they emerge with a renewed sense of confidence, clarity, and determination. They are equipped with the tools, strategies, and mindset necessary to navigate the complexities of life and to achieve their goals with greater ease and efficiency. The true value of Shi's teachings, however, lies not in theimmediate results but in the lasting impact they have onthe lives of those who embrace them.In conclusion, Shi Leipeng's course is a testament to the power of personal transformation and the profoundimpact that a single individual can have on the lives of others. Through his unwavering commitment to empowering individuals, his deep understanding of the human experience, and his ability to distill complex concepts into practical insights, Shi has become a beacon of hope and inspirationfor countless people around the world. For those who have had the privilege of experiencing his course, the lessons and insights they have gained will undoubtedly continue to shape their lives, long after the final session has concluded.。

宇宙大爆炸英语作文The Big Bang, also known as the birth of the universe, is a crucial event that has shaped the cosmos as we know it. It took place approximately 13.8 billion years ago and marked the beginning of space, time, and all known matter and energy in the universe.The concept of the Big Bang originated from the observed expansion of the universe. Scientists noticed that galaxies were moving away from each other at great speeds, indicating that the universe was once in a highly dense state and has been expanding ever since. This expansion led to the conclusion that the universe must have started from a single point of unimaginable density and temperature - the Big Bang.The aftermath of the Big Bang was a rapidly expanding universe filled with extremely hot and energetic particles. As the universe cooled and expanded, the particles began toform atoms, and eventually, stars and galaxies. This process laid the foundation for the formation of planets, solar systems, and ultimately, life.The Big Bang theory has been supported by a wide range of astronomical observations and experiments. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, the abundance of light elements, and the large-scale structure of the universe all provide strong evidence for the theory.Understanding the Big Bang is crucial not only for explaining the origin of the universe but also for mappingits future. The theory has had a profound impact on our understanding of astrophysics, cosmology, and the nature of space and time. It has also sparked new questions and avenues of research, such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy, the possibility of other universes, and the ultimate fate of our own universe.In conclusion, the Big Bang stands as one of the most significant events in the history of the universe. It has not only paved the way for the formation of everything we see today but has also revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos. As we continue to unravel its mysteries, the Big Bang will remain a cornerstone of scientific inquiry and human curiosity.。

心灵的富足是人生最大的财富英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Spiritual Abundance is Life's Greatest WealthAs a young student, I've come to realize that true wealth doesn't lie in material possessions or monetary riches. Instead, the greatest fortune one can attain is that of spiritual abundance – a deep sense of fulfillment, contentment, and inner peace that transcends external circumstances. This profound realization has forever transformed my perspective on what it means to live a truly prosperous life.Growing up in a society that constantly bombards us with messages of consumerism and material success, it's easy to fall into the trap of equating wealth with the accumulation of possessions or the size of one's bank account. From a young age, we're conditioned to believe that happiness and fulfillment can be purchased, whether through the latest gadgets, designer clothes, or lavish vacations.However, as I've matured and embarked on my journey of self-discovery, I've come to understand that this notion of wealthis superficial and fleeting. True abundance lies not in the external trappings of success but in the depth of one's inner world – a place where peace, joy, and contentment reside.Spiritual abundance is the profound realization that we are far more than the sum of our material possessions or societal labels. It is the understanding that our worth is not defined by the size of our paycheck or the brand of our car, but by the richness of our character, the authenticity of our relationships, and the positive impact we have on the world around us.When we cultivate spiritual abundance, we unlock a sense of gratitude and appreciation for the simple pleasures in life – the beauty of nature, the warmth of a loving embrace, or the joy of laughter shared with dear friends. We learn to find contentment in the present moment, rather than constantly chasing after elusive external markers of success.Spiritual abundance also fosters a deep sense of connection – to ourselves, to others, and to the universe at large. It awakens within us a profound understanding of our interconnectedness, reminding us that we are all part of a vast tapestry of existence, each thread woven together in a beautiful and intricate pattern.With this realization comes a sense of humility and compassion – a recognition that our individual journeys are but asmall part of a grander cosmic story. We become more attuned to the suffering of others and feel compelled to alleviate it, not out of a sense of obligation, but out of a deep understanding that their pain is our pain, and their joy is our joy.Moreover, spiritual abundance cultivates resilience and strength in the face of life's inevitable challenges. When we anchor ourselves in the unwavering truth of our inner worth and the boundless potential of the human spirit, we become less susceptible to the vicissitudes of external circumstances. Setbacks and hardships, though painful, no longer define us; instead, they become opportunities for growth, transformation, and the deepening of our spiritual reserves.As a student, I've come to appreciate the profound impact that spiritual abundance can have on our academic pursuits and personal growth. When we approach our studies from a place of inner peace and contentment, we are better able to focus, retain information, and approach challenges with a sense of curiosity and openness. We become less burdened by the pressures of perfection or the fear of failure, and instead embrace learning as a joyful journey of self-discovery.Furthermore, spiritual abundance fosters a sense of purpose and meaning that extends far beyond the confines of theclassroom. It inspires us to use our knowledge and skills not merely for personal gain, but to make a positive impact on the world around us. We become driven by a desire to contribute to the greater good, to leave a lasting legacy that uplifts and empowers others.In essence, spiritual abundance is the greatest wealth we can possess because it is the wellspring from which all other forms of prosperity flow. When we cultivate this inner richness, we unlock a depth of fulfillment and joy that transcends material possessions or external circumstances.As I look toward the future, I am filled with a profound sense of gratitude for the journey that has led me to this realization. I know that the path ahead will be filled with challenges and obstacles, but I also know that I possess an inner resilience and strength that cannot be shaken by external forces.My hope is that by sharing this perspective, I can inspire others to embark on their own journey of spiritual cultivation –to seek out the boundless riches that lie within, and to embrace the profound truth that true wealth resides not in the accumulation of possessions, but in the abundance of the soul.For in the end, it is this spiritual abundance that will sustain us through life's trials and tribulations, and ultimately guide us towards a life of authentic fulfillment, purpose, and joy.篇2Spiritual Abundance is Life's Greatest WealthAs a young student, I've come to realize that true wealth doesn't lie in material possessions or status symbols. Instead, the greatest fortune one can attain is an abundance of spirit – a profound sense of purpose, gratitude, and inner peace. This spiritual wealth transcends the fleeting nature of money and outward success, offering a lasting fulfillment that enriches every aspect of our lives.Growing up in a society that often equates wealth with financial prosperity, I initially bought into this notion. I naively believed that acquiring more stuff and chasing after prestigious titles would bring me happiness. However, as I matured and witnessed the emptiness that plagued many of the outwardly successful people around me, I began to question this shallow pursuit.It was during this period of self-reflection that I stumbled upon ancient wisdom from various spiritual traditions.Philosophers, mystics, and sages throughout history have repeatedly emphasized the importance of cultivating inner richness over outward opulence. Their teachings resonated deeply within me, unveiling a profound truth – that lasting contentment stems from a connection with something greater than ourselves and a deep appreciation for the present moment.One of the fundamental aspects of spiritual abundance is a sense of purpose that transcends personal gain. When we align our actions with a higher calling, whether it's serving others, contributing to a noble cause, or simply striving to be the best version of ourselves, we tap into an inexhaustible wellspring of motivation and fulfillment. This purpose imbues our daily efforts with meaning, transforming even the most mundane tasks into sacred acts of service.Closely tied to purpose is the practice of gratitude. Cultivating an attitude of appreciation for the countless blessings that surround us – from the air we breathe to the relationships that enrich our lives – fosters a profound sense of abundance. When we shift our focus away from what we lack and towards the abundance that already exists within and around us, we unlock a profound sense of joy and contentment that no material wealth could ever provide.Inner peace is another invaluable component of spiritual richness. In our fast-paced, constantly connected world, it's easy to become consumed by the incessant noise and distractions that bombard us daily. However, by carving out sacred spaces for stillness, introspection, and mindfulness, we can cultivate a deep sense of tranquility that acts as an anchor amidst life's storms. This inner peace allows us to navigate challenges with greater equanimity, wisdom, and resilience.Moreover, spiritual abundance fosters a deep sense of interconnectedness with all of existence. When we recognize our inherent oneness with nature, with other beings, and with the vast cosmos itself, we transcend the boundaries of the ego and tap into a profound sense of belonging. This interconnectedness cultivates compassion, empathy, and a reverence for life in all its forms, leading us to live with greater kindness, humility, and respect for the world around us.Contrary to popular belief, the pursuit of spiritual wealth is not a solitary journey reserved for monks and mystics. It is a path that can be embraced by anyone, regardless of their circumstances or beliefs. Whether through meditation, prayer, communing with nature, creative expression, or acts of service,we all have the capacity to nurture our spiritual selves and tap into this profound source of abundance.In a world that often measures success by material standards, it can be challenging to prioritize spiritual growth. We are constantly bombarded with messages that equate happiness with possessions, status, and outward appearances. However, by consciously shifting our focus inward and cultivating spiritual richness, we can transcend these superficial pursuits and attain a lasting sense of fulfillment that no amount of wealth or success can provide.As I navigate the journey of life, I am continuously reminded of the wisdom found in the ancient teachings – that true wealth lies not in the accumulation of possessions, but in the cultivation of a rich inner life. It is this spiritual abundance that imbues our existence with profound meaning, gratitude, and a deep sense of connection to something greater than ourselves.In a world that often feels fragmented and disconnected, the pursuit of spiritual wealth offers a path towards wholeness, purpose, and lasting contentment. It is a timeless treasure that cannot be quantified or measured by material standards, yet its value is immeasurable, enriching every aspect of our lives andleaving a lasting legacy that transcends the fleeting nature of worldly riches.As I continue on this lifelong journey of self-discovery and spiritual growth, I am filled with a deep sense of gratitude for the profound wisdom that has been passed down through the ages. It is a reminder that true wealth lies not in the ephemeral trappings of success, but in the boundless expanse of the soul –a vast, ever-flowing river of abundance that nourishes us, sustains us, and ultimately leads us towards a life of profound meaning and fulfillment.篇3Spiritual Wealth is Life's Greatest TreasureThey say that money can't buy happiness, but in today's materialistic world, it's easy to get caught up in the pursuit of material wealth. We are constantly bombarded with advertisements and societal pressures telling us that we need the latest gadgets, designer clothes, and luxury items to be truly happy and successful. However, I believe that true happiness and fulfillment come not from external possessions, but from cultivating inner spiritual wealth.What exactly is spiritual wealth? It's not about following a particular religion or set of beliefs, but rather about developing a deep sense of purpose, meaning, and connection – to ourselves, to others, and to the world around us. It's about exploring our values, beliefs, and what truly matters to us on a profound level. It's about living with intention, gratitude, and compassion, and finding joy in the simple things in life.One of the greatest advantages of spiritual wealth is that it can never be taken away from us. Material possessions are temporary and can be lost or stolen, but our inner peace, wisdom, and sense of purpose are ours to keep forever. No matter what life throws our way, our spiritual wealth remains a constant source of strength and resilience.Furthermore, cultivating spiritual wealth leads to a deeper sense of fulfillment and contentment. When we are grounded in our values and living with intention, we are less likely to be swayed by societal pressures or the latest trends. We are able to find joy and satisfaction in the present moment, rather than constantly seeking happiness in external sources that ultimately leave us feeling empty and unfulfilled.Of course, this doesn't mean that we should completely reject material possessions or worldly success. However, it'simportant to maintain a healthy balance and perspective. We should strive for material success not for the sake of accumulating wealth and possessions, but as a means to live a life that aligns with our values and contributes positively to the world around us.Developing spiritual wealth is a lifelong journey that requires conscious effort and introspection. It involves practices such as meditation, mindfulness, self-reflection, and cultivating gratitude and compassion. It's about exploring our deepest questions and seeking to understand our place in the world and our connection to something greater than ourselves.One of the most powerful ways to nurture spiritual wealth is through service and giving back to others. When we shift our focus from our own wants and desires to the needs of others, we experience a profound sense of purpose and connection. Whether it's volunteering, donating to charity, or simply lending a helping hand to those in need, acts of kindness and service have a way of enriching our lives in ways that material possessions never can.Moreover, cultivating spiritual wealth can have positive impacts on our relationships, our work, and our overallwell-being. When we are grounded in our values and living withintention, we are better able to navigate life's challenges with grace and resilience. We are less likely to be consumed by negativity, stress, and anxiety, and more likely to approach life with a sense of curiosity, gratitude, and open-heartedness.In conclusion, while material wealth and success are often celebrated and pursued in our society, true happiness and fulfillment come from cultivating inner spiritual wealth. It's about living with purpose, intention, and compassion, and finding joy in the simple things in life. It's about exploring our deepest values and beliefs, and seeking to understand our connection to something greater than ourselves. And perhaps most importantly, it's about recognizing that the greatest treasure we can possess is not material, but the richness of our inner lives and the positive impact we can have on the world around us.。

英语阅读系统阶段阅读测试姓名：分数：Passage 1It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America’s literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering（闪烁）at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude (独处的状态) goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic (心理的), and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every facet of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as we’ve known it.1.The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is.A) rather bleakB) fairly brightC) very impressiveD) quite encouraging2.The author’s biggest concern is______.A)elementary school children’s disinterest in reading classicsB)the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.S.C)the musical setting American readers require of readingD)the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class3.A major problem with most adolescents who can read is_______.A)their fondness of music and TV programsB)their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureC)their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingD)their inability to focus on conflicting input4.The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of poetry or prose is________.A) to be able to appreciate it and memorize itB) to analyze its essential featuresC) to think it over conscientiouslyD) to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value5.About the future of the arts of reading the author feels________.A) upset B) uncertain C) alarmed D) pessimisticPassage 2For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Apollo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war.Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.Today Mars looms（隐约出现）as humanity’s next great terra incognita（未探明之地）. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet’s reddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destined to take a leading role? The question naturally invites a couple of others: Are there experiments that only humans could do on Mars? Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space?With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite（陨石）from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: the prevalence of life in the universe.1. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown places in the past was ________.A) to display their country’s military mightB) to accomplish some significant scienceC) to find new areas for colonizationD) to pursue commercial and state interests2. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is ________.A) international cooperationB) scientific researchC) nationalistic reasonsD) long-term profits3. What is the main goal of sending human missions to Mars?A) To find out if life ever existed there.B) To see if humans could survive there.C) To prove the feasibility of large-scale space ventures.D) To show the leading role of science in space exploration.4. By saying “With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been” (Line 1, Para. 4), the author means that ________.A) with Mars the risks involved are much greater than any previous space venturesB) in the case of Mars, the rewards of scientific exploration can be very highC) in the case of Mars, much more research funds are needed than ever beforeD) with Mars, scientists argue, the fundamental interests of science are at issue5. The passage tells us that proof of life on Mars would ________.A) make clear the complex chemistry in the development of lifeB) confirm the suggestion that bacterial fossils traveled to Earth on a meteoriteC) reveal the kind of conditions under which life originatesD) provide an explanation why life is common in the universePassage 3Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the wide spread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women’s movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business”, said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.1. According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?A) Scornful.B) Appreciative.C) Envious.D) Realistic.2. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by ________.A) the complaints from various employersB) the success of many non-MBAsC) the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD) the poor performance of MBAs at work3. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?A) They are usually self-centered.B) They are aggressive and greedy.C) They keep complaining about their jobs.D) They are not good at dealing with people.4. From the passage we know that most MBAs ________.A) can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB) quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC) receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD) cherish unrealistic expectations about their future5. What is the passage mainly about?A) Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B) The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C) Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D) A debate held recently on university campuses.Passage 4Navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers, cost $2,000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technology—meaning prices should eventually drop—and the market does seem to be growing.Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive. It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directions—spoken by a clear human-sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver.The computer works with an antenna (天线) that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 global positioning system (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the car’s location can be pinned down within 100 meters.The satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel-speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the car’s position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks and points of interest are included.Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware—the way the computer accepts the driver’s request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it.BMW’s system offers a set of cross hairs (瞄准器上的十字纹) that can be moved across the map (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point you’d like to get to. Audi’s screen can be switched to TV reception.Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMW’s and Lexus’s having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch and Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways (高速公路), for example.1. We learn from the passage that navigation computers ________.A) will greatly promote sales of automobilesB) may help solve potential traffic problemsC) are likely to be accepted by more driversD) will soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury2. With a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best route to his destination ________.A) by inputting the exact addressB) by indicating the location of his carC) by checking his computer databaseD) by giving vocal orders to the computer3. Despite their varied designs, navigation computers used in cars ________.A) are more or less the same priceB) provide directions in much the same wayC) work on more or less the same principlesD) receive instructions from the same satellites4. The navigation computer functions ________.A) by means of a direction finder and a speed detectorB) basically on satellite signals and a map databaseC) mainly through the reception of turn-by-turn directionsD) by using a screen to display satellite signals5. The navigation systems in cars like Lexus, BMW and Audi are mentioned to show ________.A) the immaturity of the new technologyB) the superiority of the global positioning systemC) the cause of price fluctuations in car equipmentD) the different ways of providing guidance to the driverPassage 5“The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.” If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog ( 烟雾) to global climate change, from the felling ( 砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.After all, the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous.But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t, and why the environment has not been mined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today’s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (良性的) trend begins to stumble, andthe genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.1. According to the author, most students________.A) believe the world’s environment is in an undesirable conditionB) agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to beC) get high marks for their good knowledge of the world’s environmentD) appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the world’s environment2. The huge increase in world production and population ________.A) has made the world a worse place to live inB) has had a positive influence on the environmentC) has not significantly affected the environmentD) has made the world a dangerous place to live in3. One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that________.A) technological innovation can promote social stabilityB) political instability will cause consumption to dropC) new farming and crop technology can lead to overproductionD) new sources are always becoming available4. Fish resources are diminishing because________.A) no new substitutes can be found in large quantitiesB) they are not owned by any particular entityC) improper methods of fishing have mined the fishing groundsD) water pollution is extremely serious5. The primary solution to environmental problems is________.A) to allow market forces to operate properlyB) to curb consumption of natural resourcesC) to limit the growth of the world populationD) to avoid fluctuations in prices系统阶段阅读测试答案1.ADCAB2.DCABC3.ABDDC4.CACBD5.ACDBA。

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours”is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) He will tell Mary how to operate the dishwasher.B) He will wash the dishes himself instead.C) He will help Bill to translate the manual.D) He himself will operate the dishwasher.2. A) Lose weight.B) Quit smoking.C) Weigh himself frequently.D) Have a talk with the doctor.3. A) The woman should have complained to her neighbor.B) The woman should stay out until the neighbors are quiet.C) The woman should have stayed at the library.D) The lab will be a better place for reading.4. A) Check the figures later today.B) Bring a calculator tomorrow.C) Bring a calculator tomorrow.D) Calculate the number right now.5. A) She doesn’t remember much about the city.B) She’s never been to the city.C) She would find someone else to help.D) She would talk to the man later.6. A) She thinks the man should have helped earlier.B) She doesn’t need the man’s help.C) She doesn’t know the boxes are heavy.D) She wants the man to help with the boxes.7. A) She let the man use her books for the weekend.B) She brought the books the man asked for.C) She borrowed the books from the man.D) She offered to help the man.8. A) She’d like to have the windows open.B) She likes to have the air conditioner on.C) The air is heavily polluted.D) The windows are already open.9. A) He’s going to visit a photo studio.B) He’s just had his picture taken.C) He’s on the way to the theater.D) He’s just returned from a job interview.10. A) At a gas station.B) In a park.C) In an emergency room.D) At a garage.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestion 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) One sixth of them are seriously polluted.B) One third of them are seriously polluted.C) Half of them are seriously polluted.D) Most of them are seriously polluted.12. A) There was no garbage left to clean up.B) There was more garbage than before and they had to work harder.C) The river had become so clean that a lot of water-birds came back.D) The river was much cleaner and they had to search for garbage.13. A) Most of them would be indifferent and keep on throwing garbage into the river.B) They would join the students in changing the situation.C) They would become more aware of the pollution problem.D) They would think twice before they went swimming or fishing in the river.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) Why people hold back their tears.B) Why people cry.C) How to restrain one’s tears.D) How tears are produced.15. A) What chemicals tears are composed of.B) Whether crying really helps us feel better.C) Why some people tend to cry more often than others.D) How tears help people cope with emotional problems.16. A) Only one out of four girls cries less often than boys.B) Of four boys, only one cries very often.C) Girls cry four times as often as boys.D) Only one out of four babies doesn’t cry often.17. A) Only humans respond to emotions by shedding tears.B) Only humans shed tears to get rid of irritating stuff in their eyes.C) Only human tears can resist the invading bacteria.D) Only human tears can discharge certain chemicals.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) They make decisions by tossing coins.B) They are not physically separated.C) They think exactly the same way.D) They share most of their vital organs.19. A) Few of them can live long.B) Few of them get along well with each other.C) Most of them live a normal life.D) Most of them differ in their likes and dislikes.20. A) They go to a regular school.B) They attend a special school.C) They are taught by their parents.D) They have a private tutor.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’sside, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift”means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away form others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic（语言上的）and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual（多语的）guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.21. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably ______________.A) stand stillB) jump asideC) step forwardD) draw back22. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ___________.A) cultural self-centerednessB) casual mannersC) indifference toward foreign visitorsD) arrogance towards other cultures23. In countries other than their own most Americans _______________.A) are isolated by the local peopleB) are not well informed due to the language barrierC) tend to get along well with the nativesD) need interpreters in hotels and restaurants24. According to the author, Americans’cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ____________.A) affect their image in the new eraB) cut themselves off from the outside worldC) limit their role in world affairsD) weaken the position of the US dollar25. The author’s intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that ________.A) it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB) it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC) it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD) it is time to get acquainted with other culturesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors. But they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they? They are high heels —a woman’s worst enemy (whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in posing short as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering.For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating（使通气）lawns. Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion accessories.Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmful to one’s physical health. Talk to any podiatrist（足病医生）, and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toenails. The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a high heel wearer than for a flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer-grate（阴沟栅）and being thrown to the ground—possibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her swollen, aching feet.26. What makes women blind to the deceptive nature of high heels?A) The multi-functional use of high heels.B) Their attempt to show off their status.C) The rich variety of high heel styles.D) Their wish to improve their appearance.27. The author’s presentation of the positive side of high heels is meant ______________.A) to be ironicB) to poke fun at womenC) to be fair to the fashion industryD) to make his point convincing28. The author uses the expression “those babies”(Line 3, Para.2) to refer to high heels __________.A) to show their fragile characteristicsB) to indicate their feminine featuresC) to show women’s affection for themD) to emphasize their small size29. The author’s chief argument against high heels is that ____________.A) they pose a threat to lawnsB) they are injurious to women’s healthC) they don’t necessarily make women beautifulD) they are ineffective as a weapon of defense30.It can be inferred from the passage that women should _______________.A) see through the very nature of fashion mythsB) boycott the products of the fashion industryC) go to a podiatrist regularly for adviceD) avoid following fashion too closelyPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of he middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. it has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America’s literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering（闪烁）at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude（独处的状态）goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, ofpart-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic（心理的）, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every facet of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book, as we’ve known it.31. The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is _____.A) rather bleakB) fairly brightC) very impressiveD) quite encouraging32. The author’s biggest concern is ____________.A) elementary school children’s disinterest in reading classicsB) the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.S.C) the musical setting American readers require for readingD) the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class33. A major problem with most adolescents who can read is ___________.A) their fondness of music and TV programsB) their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureC) their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingD) their inability to focus on conflicting input34. The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of poetry or prose is ____________.A) to be able to appreciate it and memorize itB) to analyze its essential featuresC) to think it over conscientiouslyD) to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value35. About the future of the arts of reading the author feels ____________.A) upsetB) uncertainC) alarmedD) pessimisticPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewisand Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Appolo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war.Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.Today Mars looms（隐约出现）as humanity’s next great terra incognita（未探明之地）. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet’s reddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destined to take a leading role? The question naturally invites a couple of others: Are there experiments that only humans could do on Mars? Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space?With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite（陨石）from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: the prevalence of life in the universe.36. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown places in the past was ______________.A) to display their country’s military mightB) to accomplish some significant scienceC) to find new areas for colonizationD) to pursue commercial and state interests37. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is _____________.A) international cooperationB) nationalistic reasonsC) scientific researchD) long-term profits38. What is the main goal of sending human missions to Mars?A) To find out if life ever existed there.B) To see if humans could survive there.C) To prove the feasibility of large-scale space ventures.D) To show the leading role of science in space exploration.39. By saying “With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they haveever been”(Line 1, Para.4), the author means that _________________.A) with Mars the risks involved are much greater than any previous space venturesB) in the case of Mars, the rewards of scientific exploration can be very highC) in the case of Mars, much more research funds are needed than ever beforeD) with Mars, scientists argue, the fundamental interests of science are at issue40. The passage tells us that proof of life on Mars would _______________.A) make clear the complex chemistry in the development of lifeB) confirm the suggestion that bacterial fossils traveled to Earth on a meteoriteC) reveal the kind of conditions under which life originatesD) provide an explanation why life is common in the universePart III V ocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. If you want this painkiller, you’ll have to ask the doctor for a ______________.A) transaction B) permitC) settlement D) prescription42. The _____________ from childhood to adulthood is always a critical time for everybody.A) conversion B) transitionC) turnover D) transformation43.It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a __________.A) concession B) recessionC) submission D) transmission44. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his ________ as he developed his own technique.A) descendants B) predecessorsC) successors D) ancestors45. Failure in a required subject may result in the ______________ of a diploma.A) refusal B) betrayalC) denial D) burial46. To help students understand how we see, teachers often draw an _____________ between an eye and a camera.A) image B) analogyC) imitation D) axis47. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that ______________ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A) assigning B) admittingC) involving D) enrolling48. The author of the report is well ______________ with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.A) acquainted B) informedC) accustomed D) known49. When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were _________________ by its complicated traffic system.A) evoked B) bewilderedC) diverted D) undermined50. If Japan ________________ its relation with that country it will have to find another supplier of raw materials.A) precludes B) terminatesC) partitions D) expires51. They were ________________ in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.A) submerged B) drownedC) immersed D) dipped52. You should _______________ to one or more weekly magazines such as Time or Newsweek.A) ascribe B) orderC) reclaim D) subscribe53. The automatic doors in supermarkets ____________ the entry and exit of customers with shopping carts.A) furnish B) induceC) facilitate D) allocate54. Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules and rarely _________ from this routine.A) deviated B) disconnectedC) detached D) distorted55. The little girl was ________________ by the death of her dog since her affection for the pet had been real and deep.A) grieved B) suppressedC) oppressed D) sustained56. A visitor to a museum today would notice __________ changes in the way museums are operated.A) cognitive B) rigorousC) conspicuous D) exclusive57. Most people tend to think they are so efficient at their job that they are ___________.A) inaccessible B) irreversibleC) immovable D) irreplaceable58. Being impatient is __________________ with being a good teacher.A) intrinsic B) ingeniousC) incompatible D) inherent59. For a particular reason, he wanted the information to be treated as ______________.A) assured B) reservedC) intimate D) confidential60. Fortune-tellers are good at making _____ statements such as “Your sorrows will change.”A) philosophical B) ambiguousC) literal D) invalid61. The tenant must be prepared to decorate the house __________ the terms of the contract.A) in the vicinity of B) in quest ofC) in accordance with D) in collaboration with62. The winners of the football championship ran off the field carrying the silver cup ______.A) turbulently B) tremendouslyC) triumphantly D) tentatively63. He said that they had _________ been obliged to give up the scheme for lack of support.A) gravely B) regrettablyC) forcibly D) graciously64. The law on drinking and driving is ___________ stated.A) extravagantly B) empiricallyC) exceptionally D) explicitly65. Their claims to damages have not been convincingly __________.A) refuted B) overwhelmedC) depressed D) intimidated66. Please don’t _________ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A) hesitate B) lingerC) retain D) dwell67. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______________ to him, but one day he discovered their difference.A) identical B) verticalC) parallel D) specific68. Mary became ______________ homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her home in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria.A) completely B) sincerelyC) absolutely D) increasingly69.Despite almost universal ________ of the vital importance of women’s literacy, education remains a dream for far too many women in far too many countries of the world.A) identification B) complimentC) confession D) acknowledgement70. In today’s medical field, little agreement exists on the ______ for defining mental illness.A) legislation B) requirementC) criteria D) measuresPart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. 1. time/times/period Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature. 2. ／______As a school subject are valid for ∧study of television. 3. the_________More people die of tuberculosis (结核病) than of anyother disease caused by a single agent. This has probablybeen the case in quite a while. During the early stages of 71. __________the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh 72. __________deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the 73. __________disease. From now on, though, western eyes, missing the 74. __________global picture, saw the trouble going into decline. Withoccasional breaks for war, the rates of death andinfection in the Europe and America dropped steadily 75. __________through the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1950s, theintroduction of antibiotics (抗菌素) strengthened thetrend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowedto be imported to poor countries. Medical researchers 76. __________declared victory and withdrew.They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of 77. __________infections and deaths started to pick up again around theworld. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in 78. __________many places where it had never been away, it grew better. 79. __________The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7billion people (a third of the earth’s population) sufferfrom tuberculosis. Even the infection rate wasfalling, population growth kept the number of clinicalcases more or less constantly at 8 million a year. Around 80. __________3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poorcountries.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write a t least 120 words。

我的家乡湖北咸宁英语作文介绍800篇1Xianning, my hometown, is a place of remarkable beauty and charm in Hubei Province. It is blessed with a diverse geographical landscape that never fails to amaze both locals and visitors.The magnificent Jiugong Mountain stands as a testament to nature's grandeur. Its peaks soar high into the sky, covered with lush greenery and shrouded in mist. As you ascend, the panoramic view is simply breathtaking! You can't help but exclaim in wonder at the vast expanse of mountains stretching as far as the eye can see.The Gan River flows gently through the city, adding to its grace and charm. The banks of the Gan River are lined with beautiful trees and colorful flowers. Along its course, there are parks and promenades where people enjoy leisure time. How wonderful it is to take a stroll along the river on a sunny day and feel the gentle breeze caressing your face!The mountains and rivers of Xianning are not just geographical features; they are an integral part of our lives and identities. They provide us with a sense of peace and belonging. Isn't it amazing how such natural wonders can have such a profound impact on our hearts and souls?In conclusion, Xianning is not only a geographical wonderland but also a place full of warmth and love. I am proud to call it my hometownand will always cherish its beauty and uniqueness.篇2Xianning, my dear hometown in Hubei Province, is a place brimming with history and culture! How wonderful it is to introduce this charming city to you.The historical tales of the ancient Battlefield of Chibi are simply legendary. It witnessed the fierce battles and strategic wisdom of ancient heroes. Can you imagine the intensity and excitement of those moments?The traditional folk customs in Xianning are also remarkable. They reflect the wisdom and spirit of our ancestors. During festivals, the streets are filled with joy and colors.Let's not forget the intangible cultural heritage, such as the Violin Opera. Its unique melodies and touching stories have been passed down from generation to generation. Isn't it amazing how these traditions have survived through time?Xianning is not just a city; it's a living museum of history and culture. It has shaped the identity and pride of its people. Oh, how I love this place and its rich heritage! I truly believe that Xianning will continue to shine and preserve its precious cultural treasures for years to come. Won't you come and experience its charm for yourself?篇3Oh my goodness! Let me tell you about my hometown, Xianning in Hubei Province. Xianning is not only a beautiful place but also a paradise for food lovers.One of the most famous delicacies is the Hesheng Chicken Soup. The moment you take a sip of this soup, you will be amazed by its rich and delicious taste. The chicken is tender and juicy, and the soup is full of rich flavors. I still remember the first time I tasted it. The wonderful flavor lingered in my mouth for a long time. How wonderful it was!Another amazing dish is the Tongshan Batuo. The process of making it is quite complicated. First, the ingredients need to be carefully selected and prepared. Then, they are skillfully combined and shaped into the unique form of Batuo. When I bit into it, the texture was just perfect. The combination of flavors was simply out of this world!In Xianning, every bite of these local delicacies is like a journey through history and culture. They are not just food but also a part of our hometown's identity. How lucky I am to have grown up in such a place with such amazing food! I sincerely hope that more people can come to Xianning and experience the charm of these delicious treats.篇4Xianning, my hometown in Hubei Province, is a remarkable placewith a thriving economy! The development here is truly something to be proud of.One of the distinctive industries in Xianning is the processing of Nanzhu bamboo. This industry has brought significant changes and opportunities to our region. Take the [Name of the Company] for example. It started as a small workshop many years ago, but with the dedication and hard work of the local people, it has grown into a large-scale enterprise! How amazing is that?The company not only processes the bamboo into various high-quality products but also focuses on technological innovation and quality improvement. This has enabled them to gain a wide market and win the trust of customers both domestically and internationally. The success of this enterprise has not only provided a large number of job opportunities for the local people but also greatly contributed to the economic growth of Xianning.The development of the Nanzhu bamboo processing industry is just one aspect of Xianning's economic prosperity. There are also many other industries that are booming, such as tourism and agriculture. The beautiful natural scenery and rich agricultural resources have attracted a large number of tourists and investors.I truly believe that Xianning will continue to thrive and develop in the future. How wonderful it would be if more and more people could come toknow and appreciate this charming place!篇5Hubei Xianning, my dear hometown, is truly a paradise for tourists! It boasts an abundance of remarkable tourist resources that never fail to amaze and captivate. One of the most outstanding features of Xianning is its rich and diverse hot spring resources.I still remember the unforgettable experience of soaking in the hot springs of Xianning. The moment I stepped into the warm and soothing water, all my stress and fatigue seemed to melt away. The gentle steam rising around me created a magical and relaxing atmosphere. How wonderful it was! The hot spring water, with its unique minerals and healing properties, not only rejuvenated my body but also soothed my soul.The hot springs in Xianning come in various types and styles. Some are surrounded by lush greenery, providing a peaceful and natural setting. Others are equipped with modern facilities and luxurious services, ensuring a supreme experience. Isn't it amazing? Whether you seek tranquility or indulgence, Xianning's hot springs have something to offer for everyone.In addition to the hot springs, Xianning also has beautiful landscapes, historical sites, and delicious local cuisine. But undoubtedly, the hot spring resources are the shining gem that makes Xianning stand out among other destinations. So, if you haven't visited Xianning yet, why not come and explore this wonderful place? I'm sure you'll be completely charmed by it!。

2021年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift”means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic (语言上的) and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual (多语言的) guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always he the upper hand.21. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably ________.A) stand stillB) jump asideC) step forwardD) draw back（D）22. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ________.A) cultural self-centerednessB) casual mannersC) indifference towards foreign visitorsD) arrogance towards other cultures（A）23. In countries other than their own most Americans ________.A) are isolated by the local peopleB) are not well informed due to the language barrierC) tend to get along well with the nativesD) need interpreters in hotels and restaurants（B）24. According to the author, Americans’ cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ________.A) affect their image in the new eraB) cut themselves off from the outside worldC) limit their role in world affairsD) weaken the position of the US dollar（C）25. The author’s intention in writing this article is to makeAmericans realize that ________.A) it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB) it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC) it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD) it is time to get acquainted with other culturesQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors. But they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they? They are high heels —a woman’s worst enemy (whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in posing short as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering.For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is apositive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating (使通气) lawns. Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion accessories. Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmful to one’s physical health. Talk to any podiatrist (足病医生)， and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toenails. The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer-grate (阴沟栅) and being thrown to the ground—possibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her swollen, aching feet.26. What makes women blind to the deceptive nature of high heels?A) The multi-functional use of high heels.B) Their attempt to show off their status.C) The rich variety of high heel styles.D) Their wish to improve their appearance.（D）27. The author’s presentation of the positive side of high heels is meant ________.A) to be ironicB) to poke fun at womenC) to be fair to the fashion industryD) to make his point convincing（B）28. The author uses the expression “those babies” (Line 3, Para. 2) to refer to high heels ________.A) to show their fragile characteristicsB) to indicate their feminine featuresC) to show women’s affection for themD) to emphasize their small size（D）29. The author’s chief argument against high heels is that ________.A) they pose a threat to lawnsB) they are injurious to women’s healthC) they don’t necessarily make women beautifulD) they are ineffective as a weapon of defense（B）30. It can be inferred from the passage that women should ________.A) see through the very nature of fashion mythsB) boycott the products of the fashion industryC) go to a podiatrist regularly for adviceD) avoid following fashion too closelyQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.but my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America’s literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanyingnoise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering (闪烁) at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude (独处的状态) goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic (心理的), and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every fact of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidencewhat will happen to the book as we’ve known it.31. The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is ________.A) rather bleakB) fairly brightC) very impressiveD) quite encouraging（A）32. The author’s biggest concern is ________.A) elementary school children’s disinterest in reading classicsB) the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.S.C) the musical setting American readers require for readingD) the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class （D）33. A major problem with most adolescents who can read is ________.A) their fondness of music and TV programsB) their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureC) their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingD) their inability to focus on conflicting input（C）34. The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of poetry or prose is ________.A) to be able to appreciate it and memorize itB) to analyze its essential featuresC) to think it over conscientiouslyD) to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value（A）35. About the future of the arts of reading the author feels ________.A) upsetB) uncertainC) alarmedD) pessimisticQuestions 35 to 40 are based on the following passage.For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Apollo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war.Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved allaccomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.Today Mars looms（隐约出现）as humanity’s next great terra incognita（未探明之地）. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet’s reddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destined to take a leading role? The question naturally invites a couple of others: Are there experiments that only humans could do on Mars? Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space?With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite（陨石）from valuable data about the range ofconditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: the prevalence of life in the universe.36. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown places in the past was ________.A) to display their country’s military mightB) to accomplish some significant scienceC) to find new areas for colonizationD) to pursue commercial and state interests（D）37. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is ________.A) international cooperationB) scientific researchC) nationalistic reasonsD) long-term pro fits（C）38. What is the main goal of sending human missions to Mars?A) To find out if life ever existed there.B) To see if humans could survive there.C) To prove the feasibility of large-scale space ventures.D) To show the leading role of science in space exploration.（A）39. By saying “With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been” (Line 1, Para. 4), the author means that ________.A) with Mars the risks involved are much greater than any previous space venturesB) in the case of Mars, the rewards of scientific exploration can be very highC) in the case of Mars, much more research funds are needed than ever beforeD) with Mars, scientists argue, the fundamental interests of science are at issue（B）40. The passage tells us that proof of life on Mars would ________.A) make clear the complex chemistry in the development of lifeB) confirm the suggestion that bacterial fossils traveled to Earth on a meteoriteC) reveal the kind of conditions under which life originatesD) provide an explanation why life is common in the universe21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D26. D 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. D31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. C。