河南省鹤壁市淇滨高级中学2017_2018学年高二语文下学期第一次周考试题

淇滨高中2017-2018下学期第一次周考高一物理试卷考试时间：90分钟第I卷（选择题）一、单选题（共12小题，60分。

每小题5分，其中1~9题为单选，10~12为不定项选择，选不全得3分）1．物体在平抛运动过程中，在相等的时间内，下列哪些量是相等的（）①位移②加速度③平均速度④速度的变化量A. ①②B. ②③C. ②④D. ③④2．有关运动的合成，以下说法正确的是（）A. 两个直线运动的合运动一定是直线运动B. 两个不在一直线上的匀速直线运动的合运动一定是直线运动C. 两个匀加速直线运动的合运动一定是匀加速直线运动D. 匀加速直线运动和匀速直线运动的合运动一定是直线运动3．下列哪种现象利用了物体的离心运动 ( )A. 车转弯时要限制速度B. 转速很高的砂轮半径不能做得太大C. 在修筑铁路时，转弯处轨道的内轨要低于外轨D. 离心水泵工作时4．如图所示，小球在一细绳的牵引下，在光滑桌面上绕绳的另一端O作匀速圆周运动，关于小球的受力情况，下列说法中正确的是（）A. 受重力和向心力的作用B. 受重力、支持力、拉力和向心力的作用C. 受重力、支持力和拉力的作用D. 受重力和支持力的作用5．人用绳子通过定滑轮拉物体A，A穿在光滑的竖直杆上，当以速度v0匀速地拉绳使物体A到达如图所示位置时，绳与竖直杆的夹角为θ，则物体A实际运动的速度是( )A. 0cos v θB.0cos v θ C. 0sin v θ D. 0sin vθ6．拱形桥的顶部可视为一段圆弧，这段圆弧对应的半径为10m ，当一辆小汽车(视作质点)以一定速度v 经过桥项时(g 取10m/s²)，以下说法正确的是（0 ） A. 当v=36km/h 时，车对桥面的压力等于重力 B. 当v=54km/h 时，车能贴着桥面，安全通过拱形桥 C. 无论速度多大，车对桥面的压力都不可能大于重力 D. 当v=18km/h 时，车对桥面的压力是重力的0.25倍7．在抗洪抢险中，战士驾驶摩托艇救人。

鹤壁市淇滨高中2018-2019学年上学期第一次月考高二语文试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，在选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1〜3题。

人们常说“小说是讲故事的艺术”，但故事不等于小说，故事讲述人与小说家也不能混为一谈。

就传统而言，讲故事的讲述亲身经历或道听途说的故事，口耳相传，把它们转化为听众的经验；小说家则通常记录见闻传说，虚构故事，经过艺术处理，把它们变成小说交给读者。

除流传形式上的简单差异外，早起小说和故事的本质区别并不明显，经历和见闻是它们的共同要素，在传媒较为落后的过去，作为远行者的商人和水手最适合充当故事讲述人的角色，故事的丰富程度与远行者的游历成正比。

受此影响，国外古典小说也常以人物的经历为主线组织故事。

《荷马史诗》《一千零一夜》都是描述某种特殊的经历和遭遇，《堂吉诃德》中的故事是堂吉诃德的行侠奇遇和所见所闻，17世纪欧洲的流浪汉小说也体现为游历见闻的连缀。

在中国，民间传说和历史故事为志怪类和史传类的小说提供了用之不竭的素材，话本等古典小说形式也显示出小说和传统故事的亲密关系。

虚构的加强使小说和传统故事之间的区别清晰起来。

小说中的故事可以来自想象，不一定是作者的亲历亲闻。

小说家常闭门构思，作品大多诞生于他们离群索居的时候。

小说家可以闲坐在布宜诺斯艾利斯的图书馆中，或者在巴黎一间终年不见阳光的阁楼里，杜撰他们想象中的历险故事，但是，一名水手也许要历尽千辛万苦才能把在东印度群岛听到的故事带回伦敦；一个匠人漂泊一生，积攒下无数的见闻、掌故或趣事，当他晚年坐在火炉旁给孩子们讲述这一切的时候，他本人就是故事的一部分。

鹤壁淇滨高中2017—2018学年上学期高二第二次月考语文试卷本试卷共22题，共150分，共8页，考试时间150分钟。

命题人：王凯军第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

青花瓷发展的黄金时代是明朝永乐、宣德时期，与郑和下西洋在时间上重合，这不能不使我们思考：航海与瓷器同时达到鼎盛，仅仅是历史的偶然吗？从历史事实来看，郑和下西洋为青花瓷的迅速崛起提供了历史契机。

近三十年的航海历程推动了作为商品的青花瓷大量生产与外销，不仅促进技术创新，使青花瓷达到瓷器新工艺的顶峰，而且改变了中国瓷器发展的走向，带来了人们审美观念的更新。

这也就意味着，如果没有郑和远航带来活跃的对外贸易，青花瓷也许会像在元代一样，只是中国瓷器的诸多品种之一，而不会成为主流，更不会成为中国瓷器的代表。

由此可见，青花瓷崛起是郑和航海时代技术创新与文化交融的硕果，中外交往的繁盛在推动文明大交融的同时，也推动了生产技术与文化艺术的创新发展。

此成为中国作为中外文明交融的结晶，青花瓷真正成为中国瓷器的主流，则是因为成化年间原料本土化带来了民窑青花瓷的崛起。

民窑遍地开花，进入业化模式之后，几乎形成了青花瓷一统天下的局面。

一种海外流行的时尚由本土的时尚，中国传统的人物、花鸟、山水，与外来的伊斯兰风格融为一体，青花瓷成为中国瓷器的代表，进而走向世界，最终万里同风，成为世界时尚。

一般来说，一个时代有一个时代的文化，而时尚兴盛则是社会快速变化的标志。

因此，瓷器的演变之所以引人注目，还在于它与中国传统社会从单一向多元社会的转型同步。

瓷器的演变与社会变迁有着千丝万缕的联系，这使我们对明代有了新的思考和认识。

如果说以往人们所了解的明初是一个复兴传统的时代，其文化特征是回归传统，明初往往被认为是保守的，那么青花瓷的例子，则可以使人们对明初文化的兼容性有一个新的认识。

事实上，与明代中外文明的交流高峰密切相关，明代中国正是通过与海外交流而走向开放和进步的，青花瓷的两次外销高峰就反映了这一点。

淇滨高中2017—2018学年下学期高二第一次月考语文试卷答题时长（分钟）：150 分值：150 分命题人：王凯军第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成文后各题散文就是散文，何来快餐化郭军平时下散文领域有一些学人喜欢把那些精短类的散文称为“快餐化散文”，我实在认为不妥。

散文就是散文，何来快餐化。

在散文前面冠以“快餐化”总感觉是对精短类散文的蔑视。

持这种观点的学人无非就是喜好那些长篇大论的三五千字以上或者洋洋万言的散文，总认为这样的散文就是大散文，就是厚重、有分量、有历史责任感、有生命感悟力的好散文，就是耐人寻味、耐人咀嚼、流传百世万世千古流芳的好散文；甚至有些学人还极力指责批评各类报纸副刊的散文，称为其大都是些快餐型散文。

这种狭隘散文观的错误认识，其实是严重缺乏文学常识的，是对散文创作领域的错误指导。

散文创作和其他文学体裁创作一样，都要反映生活，提炼生活，升华生活，指导生活，以其健康向上的思想内容和优美的艺术形式来打动读者、感染读者。

作为散文素材的生活，本身就是丰富多彩的、包罗万象的，大到天文地理，小到家长里短，中到国家大事，人物春秋，可以说是无所不包，无所不有，在所有的文学体裁里，最有表现力的最能够表现生活真实的恐怕还是散文家族，散文其实就是所有文学体裁里的一个泱泱大国。

自古及今，从中到外，几乎所有在文学上有所建树的文学大师们都有散文著作，更不用说许许多多的无名之辈的散文作者了。

散文之所以受到人们的喜爱，还不是因为其表现形式灵活，不像诗歌那样受到这样那样的约束。

散文，名为散，顾名思义，放开之文，有话则长，无话则短。

有所可写你自然可以洋洋万言，甚至几万言自由挥洒，无人嫌你长；无所可写你自然也可以几百字或者千把字来表现，也无人嫌你短。

散文的质量高低好坏不能以长短来评定，评定散文质量的高低好坏最终还是以其是否有思想内涵和优美的表现形式为准的。

淇滨高中2018—2019学年下学期第一次月考高二语文试卷考试时间：150分钟分值：150分一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。

话说《诗经》之“风”风本是地球大气层内的空气涌动，它使地球上的万物能不断接受到新鲜的空气而得以生存。

那么，孔子在编集《诗经》时，为什么将一部分诗称为“风”呢？孔子自己有一段很好的解释：季康子问政于孔子曰：“如杀无道，以就有道，何如？”孔子对曰：“子为政，焉用杀？子欲善而民善矣。

君子之德风，小人之德草；草上之风，必偃。

”这就是“风气”！孔子用很形象的语言形容它，风吹草伏，风往哪边吹，草就往哪边倒伏。

所以，要建立和谐社会，关键在于领导人，也就是“上行下效”。

由此也形象地说明了“风”的含义，也就是说，风俗、风情、风致等，无一不是指向社会行为规范和人们的行为方式的。

换言之，《诗经》之“风”，即各地区、各民族的“风俗习惯”。

在一般的口语中，我们称为“风俗习惯”。

在先秦时期的书面语言及理论中，“风”实际上就是“礼”，就是“社会行为规范”。

《诗经》中的十五国风，各以其所在国家和地区得名，就是记载了各地的风俗习惯、人们的行为方式，以及他们各自的价值观、思想感情。

与此相印证，《周易》中有十五个卦牵涉到“风”，每个卦都对应着一种人生或社会现象。

火风鼎，火下有风则上宜有鼎，而鼎凭三足，正立不倚，既强调合作，也预示持正守位，为人倚重；风火家人，以火在下而风行其上来表达一家人团聚的景象。

……周文王用“风”的各种景象论述了人世间不同的社会情状。

在现实生活中，我们每做一件事情，首先考虑的不是法律法规如何规定的，而是亲友们的看法！而这些所谓“看法”，实际上就是一种社会行为规范。

亲友们认同你这个行为，你就会大胆高兴地去做；否则，你就不会去做，或者偷偷摸摸去做。

“风俗”因此会给人一种无形的束缚。

这就是孔子为什么强调“礼”的作用的真正含意。

孔子删诗书、定礼乐、系易辞、著春秋，把《诗经》作为教材，是因为没有其他书籍了吗？不是，孔子是借《诗经》说明以及教育学生们要懂得各种各样的社会行为规范。

河南省鹤壁市淇滨高级中学2017-2018学年高一语文下学期第一次周考试题总分：150分时量：150分钟一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。

工匠之美世界中，“工匠”既要“创物”（包括发明、创造、设计等）以弥补自然的缺失，还要“制器”（制造、生产）以满足人类日常生活及其相关需求，更要“饰物”以满足人类日益丰富的精神需求或提升社会生活品质等，是三位一体。

由此而言，依据现代社会分工，“工匠”既是哲学家、科学发明家，也是工程师和技术创新专家，还是艺术家和美化师等，是多重身份或职能的统一。

手艺工匠在自然经济时代创造了男耕女织的手艺美学图景和天人合一的生活方式。

机械工匠在工业经济时代创造了人类机械化大生产的机械美学图景与全新的人造生活方式。

数字工匠在虚拟经济时代创造了人类高情感化智能的数字美学图景和后人类新生态生活方式。

大国工匠，则是工匠各个历史形态审美典型化，突出了“工匠”对于国家强盛和人类社会福祉的决定性价值和意蕴。

制器尚象，工匠之美的原则。

作为中华美学基本范畴，“象”在工匠之美中更有其特殊意义。

一般而言，工匠造物的结果是一定形体的器物，但真正意义上的“器”，不在于“形”（实存性、物质性），而在于“象”（精神性、情感性），而“象”内涵着“意蕴”“智慧”等，是工匠的技术原则（巧）和艺术原则或审美原则（饰）的高度统一（《说文》“工，巧饰也”），同时也是中华易学美学传统具体化。

五材并用，工匠之美的智慧。

“五材”既指世界构成五种物质（金、木、水、火、土），也指人类的五种德性（勇、智、仁、信、忠），还指工匠活动的五种具体材料（金、木、皮、玉、土）。

“五材”是一种虚指，是指自然之美向人类开放的程度，以及人类智慧回应大自然的强度。

“五材并用”是工匠之美的智慧。

技进于道，工匠之美的创新。

“技进于道”在于工匠的传承与创新，在于庖丁（工匠）技艺高超之“神遇”状态。

河南省鹤壁市淇滨高级中学2017-2018学年高二英语下学期第一次周考试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。

AAlgae(水藻) are very simple plants. They grow in fresh water or salty water. Seaweed is algae that grow in salty water. Seaweed is red or brown in color. The Japanese people use these plants from the sea in many ways. From it, they make a food called Kombu. Kombu is seaweed that has been dried, cooked and pressed together. Then it is dried again and cut into long pieces. The Japanese eat a lot of Kombu and like it very much.Japanese farmers often use seaweed as fertilizer. It makes their plants grow better. Many farmers also find seaweed makes a fine food for their animals.From seaweed the Japanese also get iodine(碘), which they sell to other countries. Iodine is used in many ways all over the world. It is used in making medicine. It is added to the salt we use at the table. Scientists even use one form of iodine to “seed clouds” when they want rain to fall.21. Kombu is a kind of ____ according to the text.A. plantB. medicineC. foodD. fertilizer22. In the last sentence of the text, “seed clouds” means ____.A. clouds spreading like seedsB. the seeds like cloudsC. to make rain fall with human powerD. dropping seeds by clouds23. The main idea of the story is that ____.A. The Japanese eat seaweed when they want rain to fall.B. Kombu is made into medicine for farmers.C. The Japanese use seaweed in many ways.D. The Japanese eat a lot of Kombu.BOnce there was a poor farmer and his farm belonged to(属于) a rich man. One day he brought a basket of apples to the rich man’s house. On the doorsteps, he met two monkeys dressed like children. They jumped onto the basket to eat the apples and threw some on the ground. The farmer politely took off his hat and asked the monkeys to get off. They obeyed(服从) and the farmer went into the house. He asked to see the rich man. A servant took him to the room where the rich man was sitting."I have brought you the basket of apples you asked for," he said."But why have you brought a half-empty basket?" the rich man asked."I met your children outside, and they stole(偷) some of the apples."24. Why did the farmer bring apples to the rich man? BecauseA. he was poorB. he liked the rich manC. his farm belonged to the rich manD. the rich man’s children liked apples25. What did the monkeys do when the farmer was on the doorsteps?A. They jumped and jumped.B. They played.C. They ran away.D. They ate some of the apples.26. The monkeys left the basket becauseA. they had thrown apples on the groundB. the farmer had politely asked them to get offC. they were afraid of the hatD. the farmer was angry with them27. How did the rich man feel when he saw the basket? He feltA. pleasedB. unhappyC. excitedD. movedCIf we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question. It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war．Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write．For example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them．But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write. Sometimes, of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past．They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations. For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history”．Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpful．28.Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage? A．“Remembered history”，compared with written history，is less reliable B．Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history．C．A written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions．D．Where there are no written records．there is no history．29.We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because ________. A．there was nothing worth being written down at that timeB. the people there ignored the importance of keeping a recordC. the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fireA.the people there did not know how to write30.“Remembered history”refers to__________．A．history based on a person's imaginationB . stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouthC . songs and dances about the most important eventsD .both B and C31.“Remembered history”is regarded as valuable only when ____________.A.it is written downB.no written account is availableC.it proves to be timeD．people are interested in itDFor any Englishman，there can never be any discussion as to who is the world's greatest dramatist(剧作家)．Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him：that of William Shakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowledge，however slight，of the work of our greatest writer．All of US use words，phrases and quotations from Shakespeare's writings that have become part of the common property of the English-speaking people．Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we used，rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that it was full of well-known proverbs and quotations． Shakespeare，more perhaps than any other writer，makes full use of the great resources of the English language．Most of US use about five thousand words in our normal use of English；Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand． There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it．Such a study is well worth the effort ( it is not，of course，recommended to beginners ) even though some aspects of English usage，and the meaning of many words，have changed since Shakespeare's day．32.English people _____________A．have never discussed who is the world's greatest dramatistB．never discuss any issue concerning the world's greatest dramatistC．are sure who is the world's greatest dramatistD．do not care who is the world's greatest poet and dramatist33.Every Englishman knows __________A．more or less about ShakespeareB．Shakespeare，but only slightlyC．all Shakespeare's writingsD．only the name of the greatest English writer34. Which of the following is true?A．We use all the words，phrases and quotations from Shakespeare's writings．B．Shakespeare's writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English．C．It is likely to be true that people often do not know the origins of the words they useD All the words people use are taken from the writings of Shakespeare35.What does the word “proverb” mean?A．Familiar sayingsB．Shakespeare's plays．C．Complaints．D．Actors and actresses．第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

淇滨高中2017—2018学年下学期高一语文第三次周考语文试卷时间：150分钟一、现代文阅读(35分)（一）论述类文本阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成l~3题。

阙就是宫殿外门两旁高出的建筑物。

《周礼》中的“象魏”，《春秋》中的“两观”，《左传》中的“观台”，都是阙。

古代王官有五门，最外面为皋门，雉门为第二道门，阙在雉门之外。

郑玄注《周礼》说：“大宰以正月朔日，布王治之事于天下，至正岁，又书而县于象魏，振木铎以徇之，使万民观焉。

”汉代北阙的政治意义，应溯源于此。

汉刚建立时，各地割据势力还没有剪除，萧何负责营建来央宫时，依据厌胜这种避邪祈吉的方术压制凶顽，只建立了东阙和北阕。

西汉时北阙的政治意义越来越被看重，在这里发生了一些重要的政治事件。

如汉昭帝时这里曾发生过冒充卫太子的事件，曾引起很大轰动；汉哀帝死后，董贤曾在此免冠徒跣诣阙谢罪，太后诏书也在阕下宣读给董贤等。

萧何这样建阙，还和政治史现有关。

《史记》记载，秦的上帝祠中被缺黑帝，而传说中有五帝。

刘邦认为自己就是黑帝，建立了黑帝祠，井沿用了秦的水德之制。

水德之制，是战国时的邹衍创立的“五德终始说”的重要内容。

“五德终始说”被历代新王朝建立者信奉，来阐释其政权的合法性。

秦始皇统一六国后，曾据此进行了一系列改革。

刘邦则沿用秦的水德之制，水在五行中代表北方，东方为木，水生木。

而南方是火，西方为金，火和金与水和木是相克的关系，这也是萧何只建北阙和东阕的原因所在。

汉武帝在太初改制时，改汉水德尚黑为土德尚黄。

到了西汉中后期，士人利用汉高祖为赤帝子，当为火德之说，极力鼓吹五行相生说。

东汉时以洛阳为都城，营建宫阙时，除继承西汉初期的建筑理念，建立了北阙和东阙外，也在南宫修建了南阙，这和其政治史观密切相关。

或许受此影响，南阙在政治活动中越来越重要。

西汉时管理北阙的公车司马令，到东汉时成为专门管理南阙的官员，公车司马夸的职责在西汉时都是北阏的政治功能。

在政治地位上，东汉时南阙渐渐超过了北阙。

2017—2018学年第二学期高二级期末考试语文试题第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（23分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

中国传统社会给人两个相互矛盾的印象：一方面，它十分注重平等；另一方面，它又十分注重纲常伦理，表现出严格的等级秩序。

不过，无论如何解释这种印象，它至少说明在中国传统社会中同时存在人与人之间的平等和差异两个问题。

在西方由正义原则加以处理的人与人之间平等与差异的关系问题在中国社会同样存在，而且同样也需要某种协调机制。

概而言之，从功能的角度看，中国传统社会，特别是在儒家思想中，对这一关系的处理，是通过“仁”“礼”“义”三项基本原则彼此支撑、相互为用实现的。

“仁”是对他人之爱，在儒家的价值体系中处于核心地位，所以孔子说：“志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。

”“仁”的基础则是对亲人之爱，所谓“仁者人也，亲亲为大”。

孟子进一步指出：“孩提之童，无不知爱其亲者；……亲亲，仁也。

”并且孟子认为，这种爱的基础，是“不忍人之心”，即同情心。

同情即同样的感情，是“人同此心，心同此理”这一心理事实的体现。

因此，“仁”的生发机制，是一个推己及人，由近及远的过程，即把对亲人之爱扩展为对邻人之爱，再扩展到对天下人之爱，也就是孟子所说的：“老吾老，以及人之老；幼吾幼，以及人之幼。

”与“仁”所体现的“合和”精神不同，“礼”强调的是人与人之间尊卑贵贱（纵向）、亲疏厚薄（横向）的差秩格局和纲常秩序，反映“别”与“分”的一面。

“礼”在儒家思想中的重要地位是一个众人皆知的事实，“礼，国之干也。

”“礼”提供了一套基本的政治架构，对中国传统社会的稳定有序具有举足轻重的作用，后者因此也被称为“礼治社会”。

儒家强调“礼”治，但目的不是造成一个等级森严、上下隔阂的社会，而是通过“礼”的规范与约束，实现社会的和谐和睦。

用以平衡“仁”与“礼”的就是“义”的原则。

在中国传统文献中，“义”是一个含义比较丰富的概念。

河南省鹤壁市淇滨高级中学2017-2018学年高一历史下学期第一次周考试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题），满分100分，时间90分钟。

第Ⅰ卷一、选择题（本题30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求。

）1．某学者指出，欧洲中世纪粮食的收获量通常是播种量的四倍，而云梦秦简材料则显示中国的收获量至少为播种量的十倍或十几倍。

产生这种差异的主要原因在于( )A．中国古代农业单产比欧洲高得多B．中国传统农业的精耕细作技术领先世界C．中国古代长期实行重农抑商政策D．欧洲中世纪的宗教黑暗统治妨碍其发展2．明中叶以后，地方官府所制定的集市日渐次频繁，间隔缩短。

江南有许多乡村市集，也是超越了定期市的阶段，如苏州昆山县的半山桥市，“民居辐辏，朝夕为市”。

这反映了当时江南( )A．商品经济日益繁荣B．抑商政策开始松动C．工商市镇日渐兴起D．生活观念发生转变3．下表为“1721—1820年清代刑部档案中农村雇工案件统计表”，对此解读有误的是( )A.案件增多说明农村阶级矛盾尖锐B．雇工数量增多说明晚清人地矛盾突出C．农村资本主义萌芽发展迅速D．晚清小农经济有破产趋势4．明朝中后期，在江南地区出现了众多农民有目的的迁业(改变原先从事的职业)现象。

据记载，在江、浙等地，大批劳动力由种田流入植棉、栽桑、纺纱织布，尽逐绫绸之利。

这一现象的出现( )A．有利于城市商品经济的发展B．改变了传统的封建经济结构C．带动了农村人口结构的改变D．促进了农村新生产关系的出现5．明初晋商藉明朝统治者为北方边镇筹集军饷而崛起，入清后又充当皇商而获得商业特权，清季又因为清政府代垫和汇兑军协饷等而执金融界牛耳。

这说明晋商兴起的主要原因是( )A．诚信经营，以义制利B．政府重视商业C．为封建政府服务D．商品经济繁荣6．汉高祖“令贾人不得衣丝乘车，重租税以困辱之”，而宋代出现了富商大贾“榜下捉婿”的现象。

鹤壁淇滨高中2017-2018学年下学期高一年级第二次月考语文试题卷时间：150分钟一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

香港，因其在亚洲的区位优势、相对自由的贸易环境等便利条件，以及广泛的藏家群体，成为中国艺术市场的前沿阵地。

香港巴塞尔艺术博览会和典亚艺博等艺博会，作为汇集全球艺术品的重要平台，不仅对香港当地的经济文化发展呈现出很强的带动能力，其新的发展模式对内地的艺博会也产生着影响。

当下，随着经济的发展、大众审美水平的提升，大众对艺术品的欣赏和消费，正在从盲目型转向知识型。

相应地，艺博会在战略上，不再仅仅是汇聚艺术品的展出方．而是希望与公众形成互动——加大对公共教育的投入，以提升大众的鉴赏品位，既服务于社会，也培养了艺术爱好者和未来的藏家群体。

正是基于社会文化转型期的迫切需求，几年前，香港的艺博会，开始尝试借鉴博物馆在社会公共教育方面的做法，以更严谨、更科学的艺术品管理、研究、展示设计和艺术教育模式，搭建起一个新的全天候与全球性艺术品展示平台：一方面服务于世界各地的观众，另一方面成为东西方艺术沟通的桥梁。

事实上，与拍卖会相比，艺博会更能反映基础市场的成熟度、健康度和活跃度。

而艺博会的“博物馆化”实践，实现了艺术家、策展人、画廊、观众、收藏家、艺术代理人之间更加开放、更加平等的良性交流与互动。

一是吸引成熟的艺术收藏机构不断加盟。

例如，一些具有百年收藏历史的欧洲画廊，携带珍品参与展览，毕沙罗、莫奈、罗丹、毕加索等艺术大师的作品，成为展会上的“常客，，。

它们与古董文物，共同提升了艺博会展品的级别，也为大众呈现了更加丰富的艺术空间。

二是策展人机制的建立和执行，推高了艺博会的学术标准。

如今的艺博会，在展示艺术品的同时，常设有一系列学术性的研讨和讲座活动，特别是国外著名艺术博物馆馆长、专家、艺术家、策展人等权威人士立讲的讲座及研讨会，让普通民众得以近距离了解国际艺事。

鹤壁淇滨高中2017-2018学年上学期高二第三次月考语文试卷一、现代文阅读（一）论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

“让居民望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁”,这是以人为核心的新型城镇化建设的要求，也戳中了一些地方城镇化的软肋。

一些乡村在变为城镇的过程中，虽然面貌焕然一新，但很多曾经让人留恋的东西却荡然无存。

人们或多或少有这样的担忧:快速的、大规模的城镇化会不会使“乡愁"无处安放？要在城镇化进程中留住乡愁，不让“乡愁”变成“乡痛”，一个重要措施是要留住、呵护并活化乡村记忆。

乡村记忆是乡愁的载体，主要包括两个方面：一方面是物质文化的记忆，如日常生活用品、公共活动场所、传统民居建筑等“记忆场所”；另一方面是非物质文化记忆，如村规民约、传统习俗、传统技艺以及具有地方特色的生产生活模式等。

乡村物质文化记忆与非物质文化记忆常常相互融合渗透，构成一个有机整体。

这些乡村记忆是人们认知家园空间、乡土历史与传统礼仪的主要载体.在城镇化的过程中留住他们，才能留住乡愁。

这实质上是对人的情感的尊重。

至于哪些乡村记忆真正值得保留，这一方面可以借助一些科学的评价体系进行合理的评估，另一方面可以广泛听取民意，然后进行综合甄选。

在新型城镇化建设过程中，需要做好这方面的前期规划。

仅仅留住乡村记忆而不进行呵护，乡村记忆会逐渐失去原有魅力.呵护乡村记忆，使其永葆“温度”,就要对相关记忆场所做好日常维护工作，为传统技艺传承人延续传统技艺创造条件，保持乡村传统活动的原有品质。

比如,对一些乡土景观、农业遗产、传统生产设施与生产方法等有意识地进行整理维护.对于乡村中的集体记忆场所，如村落的祠堂、乡村的入口、议事亭、祭祀场所等，不可因为城镇化就让其全部消亡，而应对这些承载着人的情感和记忆的场所定期维修。

既要让当地居民生产生活更为方便,又要让游子在故乡找到依恋感与归属感.如果说留住和呵护乡村记忆是一种消极型的留住乡愁的话,那么,活化乡村记忆则是一种积极型的留住乡愁.活化乡村记忆,就是在新型城镇化进程中深度挖掘乡村记忆与乡村传统产业，进行精细化、产业化升级,将“文”“人”“居”与“产”融合在一起，让原来的乡村记忆在新型城镇化进程中充满生机活力。

鹤壁淇滨高中2017—2018学年上学期高一年级第二次月考语文试题卷考试时间:150分命题人:董治军第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读(9分，每小题3分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

“驼铃古道丝绸路,胡马犹闻唐汉风。

"古代丝绸之路架起了一座交流物产、连通人心的桥梁,对我国各民族交流融合、对东西方经济文化交往都起到了十分重要的作用.古代丝绸之路大体有草原道、绿洲道、茶马道以及海上道四条。

除了汉族,北方和西北游牧民族也是丝绸之路的重要开拓者，他们的马队和骆驼队踏出了一条横贯欧亚大陆的草原丝路.他们的迁徙浪潮、相互交往以及游牧经济特点,使其自然而然地成为古代丝绸之路上的重要角色.继月氏、匈奴之后，鲜卑、吐谷浑、吐蕃、回纥、党项等民族，都曾和丝绸之路结下不解之缘,有的甚至一度控制了草原道和绿洲道，成为经营东西方贸易的主角。

公元439年，鲜卑建立的北魏政权统一了我国北方,使丝绸之路自汉代以来再度繁荣起来。

北魏、西夏占据河西走廊后，吐谷浑控制的“青海道”和吐蕃控制的“青唐道”成为中原和南方通往西域的通道。

因此，“青海道”又称“吐谷浑道”，“青唐道”又称“吐蕃道”。

再看回纥，其与唐朝贸易换回的绸绢，除了供贵族享用,还通过“草原道”大量转输到西方。

“安史之乱”后，吐蕃完全占据了河西走廊及陇右地区，传统的丝绸之路东段受到阻遏，唐朝和西域各国的交往一度绕道回纥居住地。

因此,这一时期的草原丝路有“回纥道"之称.在肯定我国古代北方和西北游牧民族为丝绸之路的开拓与繁荣做出重要贡献的同时，更要充分认识中原王朝的主体作用。

张骞出使西域之后,汉、唐、元、明各朝代为了经营西域，保障丝绸之路畅通，在丝绸之路沿途设置馆舍以提供食宿，建立都护府、都督府等以加强治理。

这些措施对保障丝绸之路的畅通和安全具有决定性作用.丝绸之路密切了我国古代民族关系，也密切了东西方关系。

中原、江南以及巴蜀的名茶不仅输入西域、青藏高原与漠北，也输入西方.在西夏与宋朝的贸易中,“惟茶最为所欲之物”。

鹤壁淇滨高中2017-2018学年下学期高二年级3月份周考 （理科）数学试卷时间120分钟，满分150分 命题人：房淑平一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的)1．若f (x )＝sin α－cos x ，则f ′(x )等于( ) A ．cos α＋sin x B ．2sin α＋cos x C ．sin xD ．cos x2．设曲线y ＝ax 2在点(1，a )处的切线与直线2x －y －6＝0平行，则a ＝( ) A ．1 B.12 C ．－12 D ．－13．下列各式正确的是( )A ．(sin a )′＝cos a (a 为常数)B ．(cos x )′＝sin xC ．(sin x )′＝cos xD ．(x －5)′＝－15x－6 4．函数f (x )＝(x －3)e x的单调递增区间是( )A ．(－∞，2)B ．(0,3)C ．(1,4)D ．(2，＋∞) 5．若函数f (x )＝13x 3－f ′(1)·x 2－x ，则f ′(1)的值为( )A ．0B ．2C ．1D ．－16．函数f (x )＝x 3＋3x 2＋3x －a 的极值点的个数是( ) A ．2 B ．1 C ．0D ．由a 确定7．做直线运动的质点在任意位置处所受的力F (x )＝1＋e x，则质点沿着与F (x )相同的方向，从点x 1＝0处运动到点x 2＝1处，力F (x )所做的功是( )A ．1＋eB ．e C.1eD ．e －18．设函数在定义域内可导，y ＝f (x )的图象如图所示，则导函数的图象可能是( )9．直线y ＝4x 与曲线y ＝x 3在第一象限内围成的封闭图形的面积为( ) A ．2 2 B ．4 2 C ．2 D ．410．已知积分∫10(kx ＋1)d x ＝k ，则实数k ＝( )A ．2B ．－2C ．1D ．－111．已知y ＝f (x )是定义在R 上的函数，且f (1)＝1，f ′(x )>1，则f (x )>x 的解集是( ) A ．(0，1) B ．(－1，0)∪(0，1) C ．(1，＋∞)D ．(－∞，－1)∪(1，＋∞)12．曲线y ＝ln(2x －1)上的点到直线2x －y ＋3＝0的最短距离为( ) A. 5 B ．2 5 C ．3 5D ．2二、填空题(本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分，将答案填在题中的横线上) 13．∫3－3(x 2－2sin x )d x ＝________．14．若曲线y ＝e －x上点P 处的切线平行于直线2x ＋y ＋1＝0，则 点P 的坐标是________．15.函数f (x )＝ax 3－3x 在区间[－1，1]上为单调减函数，则a 的取值范围是________． 16．直线y ＝a 与函数f (x )＝x 3－3x 的图象有三个相异的公共点，则a 的取值范围是__________.三、解答题(本大题共6小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤) 17．(本小题满分10分)设函数f (x )＝exx，求函数f (x )的单调区间．18．(本小题满分12分)曲线f (x )＝x 3在点A 处的切线的斜率为3，求该曲线在点A 处的切线方程．19．(本小题满分12分)已知函数f (x )＝a ln(x ＋1)＋12x 2－ax ＋1(a >1)．(1)求函数y ＝f (x )在点(0，f (0))处的切线方程； (2)a >1时，求函数y ＝f (x )的单调区间和极值．20．(本小题满分12分)某个体户计划经销A ，B 两种商品，据调查统计，当投资额为x (x ≥0)万元时，在经销A ，B 商品中所获得的收益分别为f (x )万元与g (x )万元，其中f (x )＝a (x －1)＋2，g (x )＝6ln(x ＋b )(a ＞0，b ＞0)．已知投资额为零时收益为零．(1)求a ，b 的值；(2)如果该个体户准备投入5万元经销这两种商品，请你帮他制定一个资金投入方案，使他能获得最大利润．21．(本小题满分12分)设函数f (x )＝x (e x－1)－ax 2.(1)若a ＝12，求f (x )的单调区间；(2)若当x ≥0时，f (x )≥0，求a 的取值范围．22．(本小题满分12分)已知函数f (x )＝12x 2－a ln x (a ∈R)．(1)若f (x )在x ＝2处取得极值，求a 的值； (2)求f (x )的单调区间；鹤壁淇滨高中2017-2018学年下学期高二年级3月份周考（理科）数学答案一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求)1．若f (x )＝sin α－cos x ，则f ′(x )等于( ) A ．cos α＋sin x B ．2sin α＋cos x C ．sin xD ．cos x解析：函数是关于x 的函数，因此sin α是一个常数． 答案：C2．设曲线y ＝ax 2在点(1，a )处的切线与直线2x －y －6＝0平行，则a ＝( ) A ．1 B.12 C ．－12D ．－1【解析】 y ′＝2ax ，于是切线斜率k ＝y ′|x ＝1＝2a ，由题意知2a ＝2，∴a ＝1. 【答案】 A3．下列各式正确的是( ) A ．(sin a )′＝cos a (a 为常数) B ．(cos x )′＝sin x C ．(sin x )′＝cos x D ．(x －5)′＝－15x －6【解析】 由导数公式知选项A 中(sin a )′＝0；选项B 中(cos x )′＝－sin x ；选项D 中(x －5)′＝－5x －6.【答案】 C4．函数f (x )＝(x －3)e x的单调递增区间是( ) A ．(－∞，2) B ．(0,3) C ．(1,4)D ．(2，＋∞)【解析】 f ′(x )＝(x －2)e x，由f ′(x )>0，得x >2，所以函数f (x )的单调递增区间是(2，＋∞)．【答案】 D5．若函数f (x )＝13x 3－f ′(1)·x 2－x ，则f ′(1)的值为( )A ．0B ．2C ．1D ．－1【解析】 f ′(x )＝x 2－2f ′(1)·x －1，则f ′(1)＝12－2f ′(1)·1－1，解得f ′(1)＝0.【答案】 A6．函数f (x )＝x 3＋3x 2＋3x －a 的极值点的个数是( ) A ．2 B ．1 C ．0D ．由a 确定解析：f ′(x )＝3x 2＋6x ＋3＝3(x 2＋2x ＋1)＝3(x ＋1)2≥0，所以函数f (x )在R 上单调递增，无极值．故选C.答案：C7．做直线运动的质点在任意位置处所受的力F (x )＝1＋e x，则质点沿着与F (x )相同的方向，从点x 1＝0处运动到点x 2＝1处，力F (x )所做的功是( )A ．1＋eB ．e C.1eD ．e －1解析：W ＝∫10F (x )d x ＝∫10(1＋e x )d x ＝(x ＋e x )| 10＝(1＋e)－1＝e. 答案：B8．设函数在定义域内可导，y ＝f (x )的图象如图所示，则导函数的图象可能是( )解析：f (x )在 (－∞，0)上为增函数，在(0，＋∞)上变化规律是减→增→减，因此f ′(x )的图象在(－∞，0)上，f ′(x )＞0，在(0，＋∞)上f ′(x )的符号变化规律是负→正→负，故选项A 正确．答案：A9．直线y ＝4x 与曲线y ＝x 3在第一象限内围成的封闭图形的面积为( ) A ．2 2 B ．4 2 C ． 2 D ．4解析：直线y ＝4x 与曲线y ＝x 3交点坐标为(0，0)和(2，8)，依题意得S ＝∫20(4x －x 3)d x＝⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫2x 2－14x 4|20＝4.答案：D10．已知积分∫10(kx ＋1)d x ＝k ，则实数k ＝( ) A ．2 B ．－2 C ．1D ．－1解析：因为∫10(kx ＋1)d x ＝k ，所以⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12kx 2＋x |10＝k ，所以12k ＋1＝k ，所以k ＝2. 答案：A11．已知y ＝f (x )是定义在R 上的函数，且f (1)＝1，f ′(x )>1，则f (x )>x 的解集是( ) A ．(0，1) B ．(－1，0)∪(0，1) C ．(1，＋∞)D ．(－∞，－1)∪(1，＋∞)解析：不等式f (x )>x 可化为f (x )－x >0， 设g (x )＝f (x )－x ，则g ′(x )＝f ′(x )－1>0， 所以函数g (x )在R 上单调递增，又g (1)＝f (1)－1＝0， 所以原不等式⇔g (x )>0⇔g (x )>g (1)． 所以x >1，故选C. 答案：C12．曲线y ＝ln(2x －1)上的点到直线2x －y ＋3＝0的最短距离为( ) A. 5 B ．2 5 C ．3 5D ．2【解析】 设曲线上的点A (x 0，ln(2x 0－1))到直线2x －y ＋3＝0的距离最短， 则曲线上过点A 的切线与直线2x －y ＋3＝0平行． 因为y ′＝12x －1·(2x －1)′＝22x －1，所以y ′|x ＝x 0＝22x 0－1＝2，解得x 0＝1.所以点A 的坐标为(1,0)．所以点A 到直线2x －y ＋3＝0的距离为d ＝|2×1－0＋3|22＋－2＝55＝ 5. 【答案】 A二．填空题(本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．把正确答案填在题中横线上) 13.∫3－3(x 2－2sin x )d x ＝________． 解析：∫3－3(x 2－2sin x )d x ＝⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫13x 3＋2cos x |3－3＝⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫13×27＋2cos 3－⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤13×（－27）＋2cos （－3）＝18.答案：1814．若曲线y＝e－x上点P处的切线平行于直线2x＋y＋1＝0，则点P的坐标是________．【解析】设P(x0，y0)，∵y＝e－x，∴y′＝－e－x，∴点P处的切线斜率为k＝－e－x0＝－2，∴－x0＝ln 2，∴x0＝－ln 2，∴y0＝e ln 2＝2，∴点P的坐标为(－ln 2,2)．【答案】(－ln 2,2)15．函数f(x)＝ax3－3x在区间[－1，1]上为单调减函数，则a的取值范围是________．解析：f′(x)＝3ax2－3，因为f(x)在[－1，1]上为单调减函数，所以f′(x)≤0在[－1，1]上恒成立，即3ax2－3≤0在[－1，1]上恒成立，所以a≤1x2，因为x∈[－1，1]，所以a≤1.答案：(－∞，1]16．直线y＝a与函数f(x)＝x3－3x的图象有三个相异的公共点，则a 的取值范围是__________.【解析】令f′(x)＝3x2－3＝0，得x＝±1，可求得f(x)的极大值为f(－1)＝2，极小值为f(1)＝－2，如图所示，－2<a<2时，恰有三个不同公共点．【答案】(－2,2)三．解答题(本大题共6小题，共70分．解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17．(本小题满分10分)设函数f(x)＝e xx，求函数f(x)的单调区间．解：f′(x)＝－1x2e x＋1xe x＝x－1x2e x，由f′(x)＝0，得x＝1.因为当x＜0时，f′(x)＜0；当0＜x＜1时，f′(x)＜0；当x＞1时，f′(x)＞0.所以f(x)的单调递增区间是[1，＋∞)，单调递减区间是(－∞，0)，(0，1]．18．(本小题满分12分)曲线f(x)＝x3在点A处的切线的斜率为3，求该曲线在点A处的切线方程．解：可由导数定义求得f′(x)＝3x2.令3x2＝3，则x＝±1.当x＝1时，切点为(1，1)，所以该曲线在(1，1)处的切线方程为y－1＝3(x－1)，即3x－y－2＝0；当x＝－1时，切点坐标为(－1，－1)，所以该曲线在(－1，－1)处的切线方程为y＋1＝3(x＋1)，即3x－y＋2＝0.综上知，曲线f(x)＝x3在点A处的切线方程为3x－y－2＝0或3x－y＋2＝0.19．(本小题满分12分)已知函数f(x)＝a ln(x＋1)＋12x2－ax＋1(a>1)．(1)求函数y＝f(x)在点(0，f(0))处的切线方程；(2)当a>1时，求函数y＝f(x)的单调区间和极值．解：(1)f(0)＝1，f′(x)＝ax＋1＋x－a＝x（x－a＋1）x＋1，f′(0)＝0，所以函数y＝f(x)在点(0，f(0))处的切线方程为y＝1.(2)函数的定义域为(－1，＋∞)，令f′(x)＝0，即x（x－a＋1）x＋1＝0.解得x＝0或x＝a－1.当a>1时，f (x)，f′(x)随x变化的情况如下：↗↘↗＝1，极小值为f(a－1)＝a ln a－12a2＋32.20．(本小题满分12分)某个体户计划经销A，B两种商品，据调查统计，当投资额为x(x≥0)万元时，在经销A，B商品中所获得的收益分别为f(x)万元与g(x)万元，其中f(x)＝a(x－1)＋2，g(x)＝6ln(x＋b)(a＞0，b＞0)．已知投资额为零时收益为零．(1)求a ，b 的值；(2)如果该个体户准备投入5万元经销这两种商品，请你帮他制定一个资金投入方案，使他能获得最大利润．解：(1)由投资额为零时收益为零， 可知f (0)＝－a ＋2＝0，g (0)＝6ln b ＝0， 解得a ＝2，b ＝1.(2)由(1)可得f (x )＝2x ，g (x )＝6ln (x ＋1)． 设投入经销B 商品的资金为x 万元(0＜x ≤5)， 则投入经销A 商品的资金为(5－x )万元，设所获得的收益为S (x )万元，则S (x )＝2(5－x )＋ 6ln (x ＋1)＝6ln (x ＋1)－2x ＋10(0＜x ≤5)．S ′(x )＝6x ＋1－2，令S ′(x )＝0，得x ＝2.当0＜x ＜2时，S ′(x )＞0，函数S (x )单调递增； 当2＜x ≤5时，S ′(x )＜0，函数S (x )单调递减． 所以，当x ＝2时，函数S (x )取得最大值，S (x )max ＝S (2)＝6ln 3＋6≈12.6万元．所以，当投入经销A 商品3万元，B 商品2万元时，他可获得最大收益，收益的最大值约为12.6万元．21．(本小题满分12分)设函数f (x )＝x (e x－1)－ax 2. (1)若a ＝12，求f (x )的单调区间；(2)若当x ≥0时，f (x )≥0，求a 的取值范围． 解：(1)a ＝12时，f (x )＝x (e x－1)－12x 2，f ′(x )＝e x －1＋x e x －x ＝(e x －1)(x ＋1)．当x ∈(－∞，－1)时，f ′(x )＞0； 当x ∈(－1，0)时，f ′(x )＜0； 当x ∈(0，＋∞)时，f ′(x )＞0.故f (x )在(－∞，－1)，(0，＋∞)上单调递增， 在(－1，0)上单调递减． (2)f (x )＝x (e x－1－ax )，令g (x )＝e x－1－ax ，则g ′(x )＝e x－a .若a ≤1，则当x ∈(0，＋∞)时，g ′(x )＞0，g (x )为增函数，而g (0)＝0，从而当x ≥0时g (x )≥0，即f (x )≥0.若a＞1，则当x∈(0，ln a)时，g′(x)＜0，g(x)为减函数，而g(0)＝0，从而当x∈(0，ln a)时g(x＜0)，f(x)＜0.综上，得a的取值范围为(－∞，1]．22．(本小题满分12分)已知函数f(x)＝12x2－a ln x(a∈R)．(1)若f(x)在x＝2处取得极值，求a的值；(2)求f(x)的单调区间；(1)解：f′(x)＝x－ax，因为x＝2是一个极值点，所以2－a2＝0，所以a＝4.(2)解：因为f′(x)＝x－ax，f(x)的定义域为x>0，所以当a≤0时，f(x)的单调递增区间为(0，＋∞)．当a>0时，f′(x)＝x－ax＝x2－ax＝（x－a）（x＋a）x，令f′(x)>0，得x>a，所以函数f(x)的单调递增区间为(a，＋∞)；令f′(x)<0，得0<x<a，所以函数f(x)的单调递减区间为(0，a)．。

2017-2018学年度下期淇滨高中3月周考卷高二物理第I卷（选择题）一、选择题(每题5分，共60分，10、11、12题是多选题）1．下图中能将电压升高供给电灯的变压器是：（）A. AB. BC. CD. D2．关于线圈在匀强磁场中转动产生的交变电流，下列说法中正确的是 ( )A. 线圈平面每经过中性面一次，感应电流的方向就改变一次，感应电动势的方向不变B. 线圈每转动一周，感应电流的方向改变一次C. 线圈平面每经过中性面一次，感应电动势和感应电流的方向都改变一次D. 线圈每转动一周，感应电动势和感应电流的方向都改变一次3．对于如图所示的电流i随时间t做周期性变化的图象，下列说法中正确的是（）（4题图）A. 电流做周期性变化，是交流电 C. 电流的最大值是0.2AB. 电流的周期是0.02s D.电流的有效值是0.2A4．如图所示，一理想变压器初次级线圈的匝数比为3∶1，次级接三个相同的灯泡，设其中一个灯泡电流为I，电压为U;初级线圈中串有一个相同的灯泡L，则（）A. 灯L的电压为3UB. 灯L的电流为3IC. 灯L的电压为UD. 灯L的电压无法计算5．下列所列数据不属于交流电有效值的是（）A. 交流电表的示数B. 电容器的耐压值C. 灯泡的额定电压D. 保险丝的额定电流6．如图所示，为一正弦交流电通过一电子元件后的波形图，则下列说法正确的是( )A. 这也是一种交流电B. 电流的变化周期是0.01 sC. 电流的有效值是1 AD. 电流通过100 Ω的电阻时，1 s 内产生的热量为200 J7．如图所示表示一交流电电流随时间变化的图象，其中电流的正值为正弦曲线的正半周，其最大值为I m ；电流的负值的大小为I m ，则该交流电的有效值为（ ）m I m I m 8．一理想变压器的初级线圈为n 1=100匝，次级线圈n 2=30匝，n 3=20匝，一个电阻为48．4Ω的小灯泡接在副线圈n 2与n 3上，如图所示．当原线圈与ωt 的交流电源连接后，变压器的输入功率是（ ）（9题图）A ．10WB ．20WC ．250WD ．500W9．在电路两端加上正弦交流电，保持电压最大值不变，使频率减小，发现各灯亮暗情况是：灯1变亮，灯2变暗，灯3不变，则M 、N 、L 中所接元件可能是（ ） A ． M 为电阻，N 为电容器，L 为电感线圈 B ．M 为电容器，N 为电感线圈，L 为电阻 C ．M 为电感线圈，N 为电容器，L 为电阻 D ．M 为电阻，N 为电感线圈，L 为电容器10．如图所示的理想变压器，左端输入有效值不变的正弦交流电u，电压表和电流表都是理想电表，忽略小灯泡电阻的变化，则开关S闭合后与闭合前相比较，下列说法正确的是（）A. L1变亮B. L2变亮C. 电流表A的示数变小D. 电压表V的示数变小11．理想变压器在正常工作时，原、副线圈中相同的物理量是( )A. 每匝线圈中磁通量的变化率B. 交变电流的频率C. 原线圈的输入功率和副线圈的输出功率D. 原线圈的感应电动势和副线圈的感应电动势12．图甲为交流发电机的原理图，正方形线圈在匀强磁场中绕垂直于磁感线的轴OO′匀速转动，电流表为理想交流电表，线圈中产生的交变电流随时间的变化如图乙所示，则( )A. 电流表的示数为10 AB. 线圈转动的角速度为50 rad/sC. 0.01 s时线圈平面和磁场平行D. 0.01 s时线圈的磁通量变化率为零第II卷（非选择题）二、实验题题（每空2分，共6分）13．在“探究变压器线圈两端电压与匝数的关系”的实验中，实验室中备有下列可供选择的器材A．可拆变压器（铁芯、两个已知匝数的线圈）B．条形磁铁C．直流电源D．多用电表E、开关、导线若干（1）上述器材在本实验中不必用到的是_________（填器材前的序号）；（2）本实验中还需要用到的器材有____________________。

淇滨高中2017——2018学年下学期高二年级英语4月周考试卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。

AI passed all the other courses（课程）that I took at my university, but I could have never passed botany（植物学）. This was because all botany students had to spend several hours a week in a laboratory（实验室）looking through a microscope（显微镜）at plant cells, and I could never once see a cell through a microscope. This used to make my professor angry. He would wander around（徘徊）the laboratory pleased with the progress all the students were making in drawing the structure （结构）of flower cells, until he came to me. I would just be standing there. “I can’t see anything,”I would say. He would begin patiently enough, explaining how anybody can see through a microscope, but he would always end up angrily, claiming that I could see through a microscope but just pretended（假装）that I couldn’t. “It takes away from（减损）the beauty of flowers anyway.”I us ed to tell him. “We are not concerned with beauty in this course,” he would say. “We are concerned with the structure of flowers.” “Well,” I’d say. “I can’t see anything.” “Try it just once again,” he’d say, and I would put my eye to the microscope and see nothing at all, except now and again（时而）something unclear and milky（混浊不清的）. “You were supposed to（应该）see a clear, moving plant cells shaped like clocks.” “I see what looks like a lot of milk.” I would tell him. This, he claimed, was the result of my not having adjusted the microscope properly, so he would readjust it for me, or rather, for himself. And I would look again and see milk.I failed to pass botany that year, and had to wait a year and try again, or I couldn’t graduate. The next term the same professor was eager to explain cell-structure again to his classes. “Well,” he said to me, happily, “we’re going to see cells this time, aren’t we?” “Yes, sir,” I said. Students to the right of me and to the left of me and in front of me were seeing cells; what’s more, they were. Of course, I didn’t see anything.So the professor and I tried with every adjustment（调整）of the microscope known to man. With only once did I see anything but blackness or the familiar milk, and that time I saw, to my pleasure and amazement, something like stars. These I hurriedly drew. The professor, noting（注意到）my activity, came to me, a smile on his lips（嘴唇）and his eyebrows（眉毛）high in hope. He looked at my cell drawing. “What’s that?” he asked. “That’s what I saw,” I said. “You didn’t, you didn’t, you didn’t!” he screamed（尖叫）, losing control of himself immediately, and he bent over （弯腰）and looked into the microscope. He raised his head suddenly. “That’s your eye!” he shouted. “You’ve adjusted the microscope so that it reflects（反射）! You’ve drawn your eye! You were always not able to adjust the microscope properly!”21. Why couldn’t the writer see the flower cells through the microscope? .A. Because he had poor eyesight.B. Because the microscope didn’t work properly.C. Because he was not able to adjust the microscope properly.D. Because he was just playing jokes on his professor by pretending not to have seen it.22. What does the writer mean by “his eyebrows high in hope” in the last paragraph?A. His professor hoped he could perform his task with attention（认真地）.B. His professor expected him to have seen the cells and drawn the picture of them.C. His professor wished him to learn how to draw pictures.D. His professor looked forward to seeing all his students finish their drawings.23. What is the thing like stars that the writer saw in the last paragraph?A. His own eye.B. Real stars.C. Something unknown.D. Milk.24. In what writing style did the writer write the passage?A. Realistic（现实的）.B. Romantic（浪漫的）.C. Serious（严肃的）.D. Humorous.BBelow is a housing guide for students going to London.A. It has more offers from accommodation agencies than Renting.B. It gives you personal information about other co-renters.C. Their website is designed mainly for students.D. There are some good bargains.26. A good agent can help you _____.A. know more peopleB. find cheap accommodationC. get the right accommodation quicklyD. get free information about most accommodations27. The information passed on by word of mouth is important because _____.A. it is better than that found through any other sourceB. it helps you find some of the best housing never advertisedC. the final year students always offer better informationD. the landlords have little valuable informationCThe unquestioned(无疑问的) role of a student is to learn as much as possible through whatever means(方式）it takes to acquire（获得）knowledge. Teachers and professors are human beings and are therefore not perfect. No one knows the correct answer to every question even when you limit （限制）the questions to a certain （领域）field of study. Having certain skepticism (质疑) about what they are being taught can help students to make the teachers even better by correcting mistakes and misinformation（错误信息）.Students certainly have a huge role in their own abilities to learn. Teachers should act more as guides（指路人）along the way rather than try to force（强迫）each student to learn. The best teachers in the world cannot teach an unmotivated（没有动机的）student. If the teacher, for whatever reason, cannot motivate（激励）the student, then the student must somehow（不管怎样）find a way to motivate himself or herself.One method of doing this is by becoming an active rather than a passive（消极的）student. The more the student involves（参与）himself or herself in the act of studying, the better he or she can learn. One of the best ways to become more active is simply to ask the teacher or professor questions. Students who passively（被动地）sit in a classroom and take everything that the teacher says for granted（认为......是理所当然的）are not fully using their mental capacities（能力）to learn.Better education comes from teachers who are able to get their students to think about a subject （科目）rather than merely absorb（吸收）a certain amount of information. Having a healthy skepticism can improve a student’s ability to both think and absorb knowledge in a learning situation.Teachers are human beings and no one is completely（完全地）right all of the time, even in a classroom situation. Perhaps a teacher would simply unconsciously（无意识地）say the wrong word or pass on some misinformation that the teacher truly believed was correct. A student’s question could prevent（阻止）an entire classmates from becoming confused or misinformed（误导）.There is of course a fine balance（平衡）between a student having a healthy skepticism and just being a downright（完全的）skeptic（怀疑者）. But with the proper attitude toward learning and a little skepticism, both the students and teachers can improve upon the learning process and maximize（最大化）learning efficiency（效率）.28. Which of the following is the author’s main argument（论点）?A. Passive learning results from passive teaching in class.B. A healthy skepticism and proper attitude contribute to（有助于）effective learning.C. A healthy skepticism fully depends on students’ motivation and ability.D. A student’s ability plays a huge role in the learning process.29. Being passive learners, the students .A. use lots of their mental ability while studyingB. ask their teachers questions as many as possibleC. can hardly tell the right from the wrong in classD. seldom involve themselves completely in learning30. According to the passage, a good teacher should .A. help the unmotivated students impatientlyB. Instruct（指导）students in the learning processC. make no mistakes in the teaching processD. answer all the questions raised by students31. The author will most probably agree that .A. keeping skepticism to a certain degree（到达某种程度）is importantB. having a passive attitude can ensure the learning processC. taking everything for granted makes a student learn somethingD. a teacher’s ability can not be improved by encouraging doubtDBenefits of Cross-Country Skiing（越野滑雪）Cross-country skiing can be enjoyed by a wide range of（范围广泛的）students, from the youngest kindergartners（幼儿园小孩）to those secondary students. It is really a fun activity, providing students a gentle workout outside in winter. While having fun, students can gain physical and mental benefits.The physical（身体的）benefits of cross-country skiing are well known. If we look at Olympic cross-country skiers, we can see the positive（积极的）effects on the body that result from（由于）training for cross-country skiing. The average（平均）best female cross-country skier carries 11 percent body fat（体脂）, and best male skiers carry 5 percent. These percentages（比例）are well below the average for people who are considered to be athletic --17 percent for females and 10 percent for males. The high number of calories burned while skiing helps to keep skiers slim（苗条的）in a healthy and attractive way.Cross-country skiing is also an efficient（高效的）way to exercise a large number of muscles at once. Because skiers use ski poles（杆）as a means of propulsion（推进）, the force that drives（驱动）skiers forward, the upper body gets much more of workout. Of course, the leg muscles also do their fair share（公平分配）. People who use cross-country skiing as a workout over several weeks will discover that the muscles of their entire body increase in strength.Cross-country skiing on a regular basis has a tremendous（极大的）effect on a person’scardiovascular（心血管的）system. In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people who use cross-country skiing as a workout method over several weeks will also discover that their heart is stronger. A strong heart pumps（跳动）more efficiently, sending out more blood to the muscles with each contraction(收缩). Through weeks of skiing, people often discover that their resting（静止的）heart rate has decreased（降低）. Highly trained Olympic cross-country skiers have resting heart rates between 28 and 40 beats per minute. Compare that to the resting heart rate of the average person, which is 60 to 80 beats per minute!The benefits of cross-country skiing extend（延伸）beyond overall（全部的）general health. It also has mental benefits. A lot of evidence exists indicating（表明）that regular physical activity increases the release（释放）of mood-lifting endorphin (内啡肽) in the body. After one of the energetic and fun skiing lessons, students will be smiling and laughing; they will be relaxed and in a better mood than when they started class. Students will leave class with a sense of accomplishment （成就感）, knowing that they have developed new skills in a fun activity.Cross-country skiing is a great way to work（锻炼）the total body. Now more and more students are taking part in this exercise outside during the winter months. They are enjoying it and benefiting from it!32. The underlined word “workout” means_______.A. mannerB. opportunityC. applicationD. exercise33. According to the passage, we can learn that cross-country skiing ______.A. can balance out（相抵）the skiers’ increased calorie sB. requires the use of most muscle groupsC. can increase the athletes’ resting heart ratesD. offers students a only way to keep fit34. How does the author prove the benefits of skiing in the fifth paragraph?A. By giving explanations（解释）.B. By giving data.C. By making comparisons（作比较）.D. By giving comments.35. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A BC DCP: Central point（中心要点）P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

淇滨高中2017——2018学年下学期高二年级英语第三次周考试卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。

AWhen you’re on the go（四处奔走）, your best friend and resource（资源）can be your phone. In the age of smart phones, apps are like guiding stars（指路明灯）: They can p oint y ou i n t he r ight d irection f or a h otel, l ist e xpenses（花费）, s end p ostcards,and much more. When used together,these apps can be the basic travel tool, placing a wealth of（很多的）informationat your fingertips（指尖）no matter where you are on the planet（星球）. U.S. News Travel has picked the essential（重要的）travel apps, known for their utility（实用性）and reliability（可靠性）. Best o f a ll, t hey c ost a bsolutely（绝对地）nothing.Trip ItYour Personal Travel Agent（代理人）Be your own travel agent and plan every detail（细节）of your trip-- from car rental（租赁）to accommodating（住宿的）restaurants-- with Trip It. You can make travel schedule（日程安排）by h and, o r s imply f orward（转寄）the e mail c onfirmations（确认书）of your flight, rental car, train tickets, and hotels to plans.Weather FreeYour Go-To Meteorologist(气象学者)Stop trying to explain the weather forecast（预报）on the evening news (particularly when it's in aforeign language.) The Weather Free app informs（告知）you (in English) of the climate i n v arious（不同的）locations（地点）. I t f eatures（以...为特色）the l ocalweather, and other key factors（因素）that will inform your decision about what to wear before stepping outside（外出）.GobyYour Event GuruWhen you're in a foreign（外国的）city, you sometimes look around and ask: Where are all thepeople? Goby has the answer. This app pinpoints（准确地指出）the neighborhood （附近的）hot spots（热闹的地区）(including museums, hotels, eateries（餐馆）, and more) in yourneighborhood. But its true value（价值）comes in finding nearby events（大事件）. You'll discover concerts, plays, and more right around the corner.21. What is the advantage of using travel apps picked by the U.S. News Travel?A. They cannot solve any problem you come across.B. They increase（增加）y o ur travel budget（预算）.C. They exercise your fingertips.D. They are reliable and free of charge（收费）.22.With the help of the travel apps used together, travelers can do the followingthings EXCEPT__________.A. rent a carB. decide what to wearC. look for a friend while travelingD. find the nearby museums23. W here are the readers likely to read the passage above?A. In a geography textbook（课本）.B. In a medicine（医学）magazine.C. On a popular website.D. In a business report（商业报告）.BOnce upon a time there were two friends who lived in a palace with their families,who worked in service of the King. One of these boys knew a girl he liked so much thathe wanted t o give her a present.One day, he was walking with his friend in the main palace hall, and he saw a big vase filled with the loveliest flowers you could imagine. He decided to take one togive to the girl, thinking that no one would see him do so. He did the same thingthe next day, and the next, and the next… until one day, the King noticed how few flowers were left in the vase. He was so angry that he called everyone in the palaceto him.When they were all before the King, the boy thought he should say it had been him who took the flowers. However, his friend told him to be quiet, because the King wouldbe terribly angry with him. The boy was filled with fear, but when the King came nearhe decided to confess.As soon as the boy said that he had done it, the King went red with anger, but on hearing what the boy had done with the flowers, a smile appeared on the King's face, and he said,“I couldn't have thought of a better use for my flowers.”And, from that day, the boy and the King became great friends. They went to the vase and took two of those wonderful flowers, one for the girl, and the other for the Queen.24. What did the boy do for the king in the p a lace?A. A painterB. A gardenerC. A teacherD. A servant25. How did the boy show his love for the girl?A. By giving her flowers.B. By giving her a vase.C. By asking her out.D. By writing her letters.26. The underlined word in paragraph 3 can be replaced by.A. tell the truthB. run awayC. make an excuseD. beg for mercy27. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The boy was caught stealing right by the King.B. The King was inspired by the boy.C. The King became very angry at the empty vase.D. The boy was encouraged by his friend to steal.CHave you ever found yourself in this situation（情形）: You hear a song you usedto sing when you were a child – a bit of nostalgia(怀旧) or “blast（冲击波）fromthe p ast,”a s w e s ay. B ut i t i s n ot a d istant（遥远的）childhood m emory（童年回忆）.The words（歌词）come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the r elationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults（成年人）and randomly（随机地）divided（划分）them i nto t hree g roups o f 20. T hen t hey g ave t he g roups t hree d ifferenttypes of “listen-and-repeat（听及重复）”learning conditions. Researchers had onegroup s imply s peak t he w ords. T hey h ad t he s econd g roup s peak t he w ords t o a r hythm（伴着节奏）. And they asked the third group to sing the words.All t hree g roups s tudied w ords f rom t he H ungarian（匈牙利的）language f or 15 m inutes. Then t hey t ook p art i n a s eries o f（一系列的）language t ests（测试）to s ee w hat t hey remembered.Why Hungarian, you ask? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language. It does not share any roots（根系）with Germanic（德国的）or Romance（罗马的）languages, such as Italian or Spanish. After the tests were over,the singers came out（出现）on top. The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall（全面的）performance（表现）. They did the best in most of the tests. They also performed two times better than those who simply（仅仅）learned the words by speaking them.Dr. Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are contained（包含）in a catchy（易记的）3, or memorable（值得纪念的）4, tune（曲调）5.Dr. Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle（挣扎）to learn foreign languages. On the University of Edinburgh’s website Dr. Ludke writes, “This study provides the first experimental（实验的）evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future researchin this area（领域）.”28.The “song” mentioned in the first paragraph is intended to__________.A. recall（回忆）the pastB. attract the readersC. introduce（引进）the topicD. compare the childhood with the present29. A ccording t o t he p assage w hich l anguage d oesn’t s hare t he s ame r oot w ith G ermanicor Romance languages?A. Hungarian.B. Spanish.C. Italian.D. English.30.Based on the last two paragraphs, we can conclude（总结）that __________.A. singing is not the best way to learn a language.B. t he b rain p robably w orks b est w hen t he f oreign l anguage l earners s ing t he w ords.C. a listen-repeat method is very complex（复杂的）for any language learner.D. Dr. Katie Overy and Dr. Ludke disagree（不同意）with each other.31.In which situation can the finding（发现）of the research be applied（应用）?A. A mother is going to teach her baby how to speak.B. A child is going to have his first music lesson.C. A student is going to learn a new English song.D. An American is going to learn some Chinese.DThe average（平均）American child spends three to five hours a day watching TV.。

淇滨高中2018-2019学年下学期第二次周考高二年级语文试卷时间:150分钟分值:150分一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

设计作为一种实践活动，其源头可以追溯到远古，然而设计作为独立的学科，其历史十分短暂。

当我们对设计的理解更多在形式层面展开的时候，形式分析、图像学研究、符号学理论就成为好的工具；当我们意识到设计承载着文化表达的时候，人类学的考察、文化批评、哲学思辨就是必然的选项；当我们关注技术进步带来应用层面创新时，科学理论、应用实验、技术研发等等也无可回避……在上述种种之上，设计还展现出一个显著特点——综合性，呼唤我们对真实世界建立超越学科分界的综合认知。

设计学科要围绕现实问题展开，可能少有别的学科像设计学这样不断受到时代发展的挑战，尤其在今天倡导创新驱动经济发展的形势下，社会认知达到了空前的高度，同时设计学也承受了前所未有的压力。

今天的设计，所倡导的也不再是简单地对现实需求的被动式响应，而是在深刻理解现实世界的基础上，主动设问，定义问题，进而提出解决方案。

例如，首届“中国设计智造”DIA大奖获奖作品方太水槽洗碗机，设计师基于中国人的生活方式和行为习惯，重新定义了洗碗机的形态。

新的水槽洗碗机不占据橱柜空间，紧贴水槽设置，符合传统洗碗习惯，并加上了消毒功能，紧凑实用，显示出设计思维的力量以及中国本土设计的实力和水准。

在求真、求知的基础上，求解似乎是水到渠成的事，实则不然。

相较于其他学科，设计学的求解在这个时代更有其特殊性，就是其实现能力。

设计所面对的问题已经不再是传统的功能性问题，而是走向更为开阔的领域。

在美国斯坦福大学的设计学院，即采用问题制模式进行教学，所提的问题看上去似乎与习惯中的设计领域无关，但针对问题拿出的具体设计成果又真真切切有效，显示出设计思维的巨大潜力。

比如，一组同学设计并制造了一种价格仅为25美元的婴儿保温襁褓，通过慈善机构的批量购买和分发，减少了贫困地区新生儿的死亡率——他们通过调研发现造成贫困地区新生儿死亡的一大原因是新生儿体温过低，更致命的是家长没有能力把新生儿送到医院，因此解决问题的关键是在家长身边实现婴儿保温。

河南省鹤壁市淇滨高级中学2018-2019学年高一语文下学期第一次周练试题分值：150分考试时间：150分钟一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1——3题。

新石器时代中国所在的东亚大陆野马广为散布，曾为原始人类猎取为食。

大约6000年前，欧亚大陆草原的游牧民族首先将野马驯化为家马，家马渐次传入中原农耕区。

晚商以后文化遗址中出土的马的遗骸越来越多，如河南安阳殷墟与山东临淄春秋时期大型马葬遗址。

马匹作为重要的驼畜，春秋以前在中原主要用于牵引战车，赵武灵王向匈奴学习“胡服骑射”之后，更多地用于骑乘。

由于自然条件所限，中原农耕区繁衍的马匹不但从数量上不能满足需要，且品种易退化，因此需从临近的蒙古高原输入。

蒙古马，是世界上较为古老的马种之一，体格不大，但身躯粗壮，四脚坚实，耐力好，能够在艰苦恶劣的条件下生存。

汉武帝时，为对抗匈奴，派张骞出使大月氏。

张骞路过大宛，了解到当地最为出名的物产是骏马。

这种马与中原习见的蒙古马差异明显，身长体高，速度耐力兼备，是极为优良的战马。

汉使看到这种马前膊流出的汗水中有血，感到奇怪，汉郊祀歌描写道“沾赤汗，沫流赭”,便以“汗血马”名之，又称“天马”。

汉武帝为求“天马”，数次向大宛遣使，而大宛不仅不答应，且杀害汉使，引起汉将李广利两次率军征讨，最终如愿获得上等良马数十匹，中等以下的雌雄马3000余匹而归。

汗血马的引进数量毕竟有限，而以良种西域名马与蒙古土种马杂交可使后代改良性状。

汉以后，汗血马仍然不断输入中原。

蒙元是域外良马进入中原的另一个重要时代。

由于蒙古帝国地跨亚欧大陆，其西北与中欧相接，西南临地中海，因此元代对遥远地域的良马有了更多认识，知道除了中亚的汗血马（即阿鲁骨马/小西马）以外，还有产于阿拉伯与地中海地区更好的脱必察马，即“大西马”，由于看惯矮小蒙古马的蒙元贵族非常珍视“西马”，有些回回商人投其所好，远赴西亚购取，花费巨大。