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时间是最好的良药,可以治愈一切英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Time: The Universal PanaceaThey say time heals all wounds, but as a student, I've come to realize that time is more than just a salve for heartbreak or disappointment. Time is the ultimate remedy, the cure-all that mends every ill, soothes every ache, and unravels every tangle life throws our way. It's a powerful force that shapes our experiences, alters our perspectives, and ultimately, defines who we are.In the whirlwind of academic pressures, social expectations, and personal struggles, it's easy to get caught up in the urgency of the moment. Deadlines loom, exams taunt, and the weight of responsibilities can feel suffocating. In those moments, time seems like an enemy, a relentless taskmaster driving us towards burnout. But if we pause and reflect, we realize that time is our greatest ally, our unwavering companion on this journey of growth and self-discovery.One of the most valuable lessons time has taught me is the art of patience. As students, we crave instant gratification, expecting results to manifest as soon as we put in the effort. But true growth, genuine understanding, and lasting accomplishments require time to marinate, to settle, and to take root. It's akin to planting a seed; we water it, nurture it, but ultimately, it's time that dictates when the shoot will break through the soil and unfurl its leaves to the sun.Time has a remarkable way of lending perspective, of allowing us to step back and view our challenges through a wider lens. What seemed like an insurmountable obstacle yesterday may reveal itself as a mere speedbump with the passage of time. The emotional turmoil that once consumed us gradually dissipates, making room for clarity andlevel-headedness to prevail.Moreover, time is the great equalizer, reminding us that our struggles, no matter how unique they may seem, are part of the shared human experience. As I navigate the tumultuous waters of adolescence, time reminds me that countless others have weathered similar storms before me. Their resilience, their ability to adapt and overcome, becomes a beacon of hope, illuminating the path forward.In the realm of academics, time is our greatest teacher. It's through the repeated exposure to concepts, the cyclical process of learning, practicing, and reinforcing, that knowledge truly takes root. Each time we revisit a topic, our understanding deepens, our grasp solidifies, and the fog of confusion lifts ever so slightly. Time transforms the seemingly impenetrable into the inherently comprehensible.But time's impact extends far beyond the classroom walls. It shapes our relationships, our passions, and our sense of self. The bonds we forge with friends, the hobbies we cultivate, and the dreams we nurture – all are tempered and refined by the passage of time. Fleeting infatuations give way to deep, abiding connections, casual interests blossom into lifelong pursuits, and childish aspirations mature into well-defined goals.In the grand scheme of things, our time as students is but a fleeting moment, a snapshot in the vast expanse of our lives. Yet, it is during this phase that time works its magic most profoundly, molding us into the individuals we are destined to become. The struggles we face, the triumphs we savor, and the lessons we learn – all are woven into the tapestry of our experience, shaping our character, our resilience, and our capacity for growth.As I reflect on my journey thus far, I am reminded of the countless times time has been my ally, my confidant, and my healer. The heart-wrenching breakup that once felt like the end of the world now serves as a poignant reminder of personal growth and self-discovery. The academic setback that once seemed insurmountable now stands as a testament to perseverance and grit. And the social anxieties that once paralyzed me have given way to a newfound confidence and self-acceptance.Time is not merely a concept, a measure of moments passing. It is a force of nature, a fundamental element that permeates every aspect of our existence. It is the great sculptor, chiseling away at our rough edges, smoothing our jagged surfaces, and revealing the masterpieces we are destined to become.In the face of adversity, time offers solace and reassurance. When the path ahead seems shrouded in uncertainty, time gently reminds us that clarity will eventually emerge. And when the weight of the world threatens to crush us, time stands as an unwavering ally, steadying our course and guiding us towards brighter horizons.So, to my fellow students, I implore you to embrace time, to cherish its presence, and to harness its power. For in its gentle embrace lies the cure for every ailment, the balm for every wound, and the key to unlocking our full potential. Time is not just the best medicine; it is the universal panacea, the remedy that transcends all boundaries and encompasses the entirety of our human experience.篇2Time Heals All WoundsThey say that time heals all wounds, but as I've learnt over the years, it's never that simple. Time alone doesn't perform miracles - it requires patience, perspective, and a willingness to do the hard work of moving forward. Still, I've found that soothing passage of time to be one of life's greatest comforts when suffering seems unbearable.My first real experience of heartbreak's harsh sting came in my early teens. Rachel and I had been childhood friends, as inseparable as two peas in a pod. But towards the end of middle school, things began to shift. New interests, new friends, new lives pulling us apart with the relentless force of changing tides.What was once a celebrated bond crumbled into bitter resentments and hurtful misunderstandings.I remember that summer before high school like it was yesterday. I would lie awake at night feeling painfully alone, replaying moments in my head - searching for where it all went wrong. Waves of anger, sadness and confusion would crash over me, leaving me breathless. How could someone who knew me better than anyone become a stranger? A enemy? At that age, it felt like an absolutely shattering loss.Of course, teenage years are rife with drama and inflamed passions. But that first breach of trust, that first true growing apart, it cut me deeply. I didn't have the life experience to recognize how very normal and necessary it is to forge your own path sometimes - even if it means drifting from those once held dear.In the depths of that anguish, had you told me time would be my ally, I would have scoffed at the notion. Yet, quite slowly and imperceptibly, the hurt began to dull and scab over. Each new distraction, detour and development in my life applied another lay of emotional scar tissue. Until one day, I realized the chronic ache had faded into the background noise of my world. Not forgotten, just...lessened.With the clarity of retrospection, I can see that youthful calamity merely prefaced the rough roads ahead - which would put my resilience to the test over and over again. Broken hearts, broken dreams, lose of life's loved ones. Rites of passage and progress that make up the human condition in all its mess and grandeur. With every lancing blow, I would err on the side of pessimism that this too would pass.Yet pass it did, without fail. Sometimes fast, sometimes needing an eternity to run its course. In my mid-twenties, I experienced a crushing professional failure that shattered my self-confidence for years. I retreated into my shell, questioning my very worth and identity. The nights were vast, empty things to be endured. But slowly, small victories and chances to re-build began to accumulate. My sense of value and direction resurfaced, první amongst the wreckage. Once more, tenacious time had sanded down the roughest, sharpest edges - leaving me Berlin and more attuned to reality.By the time my grandmother passed, I at least understood that the mercies of time would cushion the blow. Nothing can prepare your heart for loise. But honoring her lasting impact by keeping my treasured memories of her close brought comfort - even as I wept and worried they would fade. In truth, time has amiraculous way of preserving the essence of what we hold sacred, drawing the sting of death as the years roll on.My latest recovery has been in the romantic realm. A broken engagement left me desolate for what felt like an eternal winter following our autumnal split. I woke up each morning wondering if I'd ever feel fully alive again, or truly open my heart without crippling fears of destruction. With each day, each effort to heal, I chipped away at the walls I'd built around myself. Until finally, blossoms of hope bloomed once more - shaky but reaching towards the sun.These experiences have taught me that time isn't just a passive balm for wounds. It's an active, collaborative process that requires patience, resolve and grit from us. Time is a forge that potentially transmutes our pain into purpose, closure and renewal - but its fires must be regularly stoked with self-work and forward momentum. Left alone, anguish can easily stagnate or fester into despair.We must keep living, keep looking ahead, while allowing time to work its subtlealchemy on our load. Some burdens take longer to ease than others. But that creeping progression towards healing, insight and inner peace is as natural andunstoppable as Spring following Winter. One need only cooperate with its gradual unfolding.In my darkest moments, it can be hard to picture a distant future where things won't feel quite so excruciating and raw. The tunnel vision of trauma makes it hard to see life's richness beyond that cramped, lightless space. But I've come to have faith that time's wide-angle perspective will indeed restore my sight and spirit once more. No matter how stuck or desolate I may feel, changing seasons inevitably bring a thaw.That's the invaluable wisdom that only seems to accumulate through the long course of being battered about this life. An understanding that healing isn't a race, but rather an odyssey. Each seeming wreckage survived, each wasteland eventually reborn lush again, lends quiet fortitude that this too shall pass. Harsh realities we cannot skirt, only endure with as much grace as we can muster. While padre tie's steadfast tide carries us to calmer, cleared shores - no matter how long the journey.As I grow older, I've come to appreciate time as the thread connecting every human being's shared experience. We all eventually face love and loss, triumph and suffering, stagnation and renewal as life's wheels ceaselessly turn. What changes is our capacity to lean into time's currents with courage,self-compassion and abiding hope. To have been there before braving the depths, riding out the doldrums, and finding rebirth once more. That perspective is the gift of our accrued years, and ultimately, time's great balm for this endlessly beautiful and bittersweet journey of being alive.篇3Time: The Ultimate HealerThey say time heals all wounds, but as I've learned through personal experience, time is much more than that. Time is the greatest remedy, the most powerful cure for life's troubles and tribulations. It mends broken hearts, soothes emotional scars, and dissipates even the most intense feelings until they are just faint memories. Time is the surgeon that opererates on our psyches, the medicine that treats the ailments of our souls. And just like how medicines work differently for each person based on their unique body chemistry, the effects of time as a remedy vary from individual to individual as well. For some, time works swiftly as an antibiotic; for others, it is a slow-releasing ointment that gradually relieves pain over an extended period. Regardless of the pace, one thing is certain - time is the only answer, the sole resolution, the paramount solution for life's inevitable struggles.I first truly grasped the profound healing abilities of time after the aftermath of my parents' divorce when I was 13 years old. At that tumultuous stage of life where adolescence was just beginning to rear its ugly head, the devastation of having my seemingly perfect family torn apart was crippling. The screaming matches, the dividing of possessions, the decision of who I would live with - it was all too much for my young mind to process. I remember sobbingfor hours on end, feeling like my world was crashing down around me. How could the two people I loved most have such disdain for one another? What did I do to deserve this? The sadness, confusion, and anger overwhelmed me constantly.But then something happened - time started to pass. First it was days, then weeks, then months without any major blowups between my parents. The venom gradually dissipated as wounds started to heal. The realization that this was 'the new normal' set in and I began to accept and adapt to my new circumstances of living in a broken home. I still missed spending time with both parents together like we used to, but the stabbing pain of their divorce turned into a dull ache that was easier to manage. New routines, new traditions, new memorials were formed to fill the void left behind. Time allowed healing to take place by formingnew positive associations to replace the negativity of the initial trauma.Flash forward to my junior year of high school, and I found myself in immense turmoil yet again - but this time it was over something I brought upon myself. At 16 years old, I thought I was fully mature and ready to enter into a serious romantic relationship. However, when my first love betrayed and blindsided me by cheating after over a year of dating, I was an absolute mess. The girl I had given every ounce of my heart and soul to had stomped on it and left me for dead, it felt. I would break down in tears at the most random of moments, overwhelmed by feelings of worthlessness. Seeing her move on to a new relationship so quickly while I was stuck in purgatory made me feel even more pathetic and unlovable. Why did she do this to me? What was wrong with me that made me so undesirable? These kinds of haunting thoughts tormented my every waking moment.Getting over that heartbreak was one of the biggest challenges I've ever faced, but time yet again proved itself to be the remedy I needed to move forward. At first, the hurt was so raw that even the smallest things would set me off spiraling - seeing her name on a schedule, watching a romantic movie, oreven just driving by the place we had our first date would open the floodgates of painful memories. But with each passing day, week, and month, those triggers became easier to manage. Her name stopped stinging as much when I saw it. Romantic movies just became overly cheesy instead of lancing my heart with every love confession. And eventually, even that first date spot held no remaining significance to me whatsoever. Time took away the power those memories had to torment me and reduced them to insignificant remnants of the past. The wound scabbed over, and while you could still see the scar, it no longer decombd.These transformative personal experiences have taught me that time does not just heal all wounds; it is the critical remedy for all of life's ailments and the path forward from any setback or turmoil. When I look at the grand scheme of things and think about wars, genocides, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and other major tragic events of historical significance - the one thing that gave people the strength to rebuild and move on was the passing of time. No matter how devastating, how painful, how traumatic something is in the present moment, time has a miraculous way of diluting that intensity until it becomes manageable. Like energy, the potency of any event or emotion dissipates over time as it gets displaced by new events, new emotions, and an ever-evolving present. Ultimately, time is theuniversal healer that allows wounds to mend, scars to fade, and life to go on.So the next time you find yourself in a dark place, overwhelmed by sadness, heartache, loss, or any sort of emotional turmoil, have faith in the healing power of time. It may not happen overnight, and it may require battling through some very tough days, weeks, or months. But slowly and surely, time will work its magic and make a way for you to get to a better place. The pain won't disappear completely, but time will transform it into something much more manageable - just a faint shadow of what once consumed you entirely. Be patient, be strong, and trust that time really is the best remedy for making things right again in this wildly unpredictable journey of life.。

他之所以于我们如此重要The reason that he is as important to us as I think he is是因为他是一名伟大的艺术家is because he was a good artist,他曾作为杰出的艺术家名噪一时and on his best days he was a terrific artist,他能捡拾这世上零落的光影片段and he found some way to put together those little fragments of the world 以照片的形式记录了下来in a way that transformed them into a picture.就如同In the same way that,you know,诗人和普罗大众使用着相同的字典a poet uses the same dictionaries that the rest of us do.所有词汇都排列其中All the words are in there...诗中的辞藻都按字母顺序写在字典里all the words in the poem are there, they're in alphabetical order你可以找到它们so you can find them ...撷取其中几个and it's just a matter of taking a few of them约翰·沙科夫斯基摄影师兼策展人按照恰当的顺序排列好and putting them in the right order,写诗就是如此and that's all there is to it.这就是为什么有些诗篇And so why is it that some lines of poetry,有些诗句能够抓住我们some sentences grasp us,吸引我们you know,grip us,我们觉得 "对说得对and we think,"That's,that's right,that's true,虽然不太明白whatever,I don't know quite what that means,但确实如此"but whatever it means it's true."好照片也能达到这样的效果And a good picture does something like that.安塞尔最好的几幅作品The best of Ansel's是我们记忆的一部分are part of our memory,是我们认知的一部分part of our sense照片该如何拍摄of what a picture might be made out of,拍摄怎样的风景what it might look like又有什么样的深层意义and what it might ultimately be about,这很难解释清楚which is the part we can't explain.他的一生就是一趟旅程一次探险His whole life would be a journey, and an exploration;一场对意义与秩序a search for meaning and order,美丽与救赎的探索for beauty and redemption;探寻着与更伟大更永恒事物间的联♥系♥for contact with something larger and more lasting:社会羁绊家庭for community, connection, and home.美国西进运动结束几年后Born on the far western edge of the continent他出生于遥远的西部地区in the years following the close of the American frontier,1916年夏他初遇风景如画的约塞米蒂谷he first encountered the awesome beauty of Yosemite Valley in the summer of 1916. "从那一天起" 他后来写道"From that day,"he later wrote,"我的生活因重峦叠嶂的内华达山脉"My life has been colored and modulated变得丰富多彩"by the great earth gesture of the Sierra."自那以后他穷其一生He would spend the rest of his life用胶片捕捉美洲大♥陆♥的自然之美trying to capture on film the wild majesty of the American continent,捕捉震撼人心的荒野and the sublime and humbling exaltation of wilderness. 一旦进入这里It's a place that you step into,你不知道会发生什么and you don't know what's going to happen.这里令人惊奇It's a place that can surprise you.令人感到渺小It's a place where you're small.但感到渺小不是坏事But where being small is not a bad thing,卡尔·波普山峦俱乐部成员它其实是一件美妙的事where being small is actually a wonderful thing.如果你看安塞尔的照片If you look at Ansel's photographs,摄影师无论站在哪里the photographer wherever he stands,相较于大自然的细节与光线is clearly tiny compared to都显得渺小极了the detail and the light.你能感知到太阳播撒的每一缕光线You have a sense of the entire solar system,阳光闪耀在新墨西哥州教堂顶上the sun is shining in on a church in New Mexico或是内华达的山峰上or a peak in the Sierra,摄影师的眼睛也就是相机and the eye, the camera,只是极小一部分is this small part但并非微不足道but it's not an insignificant part.正是相机为这一切赋予了意义It's the part which gives the whole thing meaning.安塞尔一生的作品之中Well,I think Ansel had a message in his art乔纳森·斯波尔丁传记作家都传达着一个信息that was consistent throughout his career.那就是世界如此之美And this is that the world is beautiful,人类只是浩繁世界中的一部分that humanity is part of this larger world.用相机记录的这一刻That the concerns of the moment也是浩繁世界不可分割的一部分are part but not separate from a larger system of forces它们将我们与万事万物联♥系♥在一起that connect us to all of creation.我无法言明照片的内在含义I can't verbalize the internal meaning of pictures whatsoever.有些朋友能拉里拉杂说一堆Some of my friends can at very mystical levels,但我更愿意说but I prefer to say that,如果我强烈地感受到了什么if I feel something strongly,我会把它拍下来I would make a photograph,照片能体现出我的所见所感that would be the equivalent of what I saw and felt...当我准备拍照的时候When I'm ready to make a photograph,我的心眼感受到的I think I quite obviously see in my mind's eye并非事物字面的浅薄含义something that is not literally there,而是这个世界的内涵in the true meaning of the word.我乐于展现的是有内在意义的事物I'm interested in expressing something which is built up from within, 而非局限于外在的东西rather than just extracted from without.当他拍摄自然风景时When he photographed the wild landscape --尤其是拍摄他的第二故乡especially in his own special home内华达山脉和约塞米蒂荒野的景色wild landscape in the High Sierra,and Yosimte.他和这些山脉产生了共鸣he felt some consonance with that material这种共鸣强烈深刻神秘that was very profound,very deep,very mystical,近乎宗教一般perhaps almost religious --尽管他会强烈反对这种说法although he would certainly object to that very strongly,因为他并非传统的宗教信徒because he was not in any conventional sense a religious person --然后要想办法and then you try to find a way to make a picture that将你感受到的共鸣呈现在照片中is consonant with your sense of your relationship to that experience.这不仅仅是一个地方It's not just a place,是一种经历尤其是...it's an experience -- especially安塞尔要拍的景色只存在于彼时彼刻in Ansel's case that has to do with that time,that moment,它们转瞬即逝that evanescent disappearing thing.安塞尔不会刻意回避个人的表达I don't think Ansel was ever self-consciously concerned with personal expression. 他想要加入一些其他的东西It's wanting to join something else...安塞尔意在理解更广袤的世界Ansel, I think, the issue was to understand并成为其中一部分and become part of something that was larger.他想通过照片向人们展示And to make a picture that demonstrated that there was some,人与自然的共通之处actually some communion going on.将近七十年For nearly seventy years,他悠游于美国西部人迹罕至的荒野he would wander the great unoccupied spaces of the American west --拍摄身边不断变化的景色photographing the landscape as the landscape itself changed all around him,拍摄美洲大♥陆♥遭到开垦and as the wild places of the continent dwindled and shrank日渐萎缩的荒野and came under attack as never before.跟本世纪其他艺术家相比More than any other artist of the century,他转变了这片荒野之于美国的意义he would help transform the meaning of wilderness in America, 也改变了人们对于自己家乡的看法and change what people thought and felt about their own land. 随着时间的推移In the course of time,他自己也改变了he himself would change --年轻时让他痴迷的美景as the rapturous visions that sustained him in his youth逐渐淡去lost their power,失去了吸引力and began to fade --人到晚年他越来越变成一位and as he came increasingly to resemble和蔼慈祥值得信任的业界前辈the avuncular, trusted elder statesman of his old age.但是在年轻时But as a young man,他曾见过内华达山脉上的景色he had seen something in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada -- 由此产生的共鸣震彻天地something that resonated far out into the landscape直达灵魂的深处and down into the deepest recesses of his soul --这种共鸣在他此后的人生中萦绕不散that would haunt him for the rest of his days,也让他穷尽一生致力去传达and that he would spend his entire life trying to convey.我认为美国历史上I can't think of any artist没有哪一位艺术家比安塞尔·亚当斯in our history who was more American更能代表美国than Ansel Adams.他成长于一座只有五十年历史的城市He grew up in a city that was only fifty years old....他的作品是最典型的美国风格his subject matter was as quintessentially American as it possibly could be. 威廉·A·特内奇安塞尔·亚当斯信托基金会我认为我们与欧洲最大的不同在于The thing that separates us from the Old World, more than anything I think, 我们拥有大♥片♥风景优美的荒野is that we have all of these extraordinary great pieces of wild land这也是安塞尔毕生致力保护的东西which Ansel of course devoted much of his life's energy to saving.美国是他创作的源动力So his cause was American.他的作品正是关于美国的His work was about America...他很古怪He was odd.安德莉亚·格蕾·斯蒂尔曼安塞尔·亚当斯的编辑没错他非常古怪Yes,he was odd.在他儿时的照片里The pictures of him as a child,他看上去就很奇怪he looks really odd.而当他长到二十出头And he was actually kind of odd-looking when he was a young man, too,依然是一个长相奇怪的年轻人in his early twenties.招风的耳朵渐秃的头发These ears stuck out and he was balding.还镶着假牙And then he did have false teeth and我认识他的时候他就有副不错的假牙by the time I knew him he had a pretty good set,可是安一副好假牙可不是一两天的事but I think it took a while to get a good set of false teeth.他身材修长出奇地瘦He was gangly and extremely, extremely thin.还留着黑胡子And then he had this black beard.在山峦俱乐部早期的远足照片里The pictures of him from the early Sierra Club hikes,其中的几张看上去几乎有些吓人he almost looks kind of scary in some of them,但他有着一种享受生活的热情but he also had this joie de vivre,他的古道热肠和幽默风趣and this sense of enthusiasm and humor会立刻使人为之倾心that just swept people off their feet --关于他独特的性格人们褒贬不一well,either you loved it or you hated it.1902年冬他出生于旧金山He was born Ansel Easton Adams in the city of San Francisco起名安塞尔·伊斯顿·亚当斯in the winter of 1902 --他家曾经富裕如今逐渐没落the only child of a once prosperous family他是家中独子on its way down in the world.他最早的记忆就是躺在婴儿车里His earliest memory was of lying in a pram看着屋顶上的雾气watching silent fingers of fog悄无声息地向东流去flowing east above his family's house --那是一栋坐落于城西一隅a lonely structure perched high above the dunes建于沙丘之上的孤独建筑beyond the western edge of town,它俯瞰着金门海峡overlooking the waters of the Golden Gate.他总说是这些早年的生活环境和体验He always said he was formed by those early landscape experiences 塑造了他的性格and where he was living.如果你曾在旧金山定居过I mean,once you've lived a while in San Francisco,你一定会体验到那种雾气悄然而至you can feel that fog kind of tiptoeing in,声音也随之改变的感觉where it changes the sounds这种感觉会浸入骨髓and kind of gets in to your bones.或者在阳光明媚的好天气里Or when there's a glorious clear day...一切都是那么美轮美奂it's just breathtakingly beautiful.这些都是安塞尔最重要的经历And that was just part and parcel of Ansel.1906年4月18日早晨On the morning of April 18th,1906,当时刚满四岁的他when he was a little more than four,被旧金山大地震的一场余震掀飞an immense aftershock of the great San Francisco earthquake 一头撞上了花♥园♥里的矮墙sent him flying head--first into a low garden wall,他的鼻子被严重撞伤severely breaking his nose --从此明显地歪向左边which forever after veered violently to the left.一年之后One year later,他祖父在木材生意中赚取的财富the fortune in timber his grandfather had assembled在淘金热之后的一年里in the years following the Gold Rush就是1907年金融危机时都化作泡影finished collapsing completely in the Panic of 1907 --这使得他的父亲面临巨大的财政困难plunging his father into a sea of financial difficulties,他的母亲因此患上抑郁症and his mother into a depression再也没能痊愈from which she never fully recovered.在家族最后的岁月里At the end of the day,也就是1907年他祖父去世时by the time his grandfather died in 1907,家族几乎彻底破产了the family was pretty flat busted,这严重影响了安塞尔父母的关系and that deeply affected the relationship between Ansel's parents 在安塞尔的成长过程中and created a lot of stress in the home家里气氛非常紧张while Ansel was growing up.他是个孤独的孩子He was a lonely child,生活在海边阴郁的房♥子里in the gloomy,troubled house by the sea --体弱多病多愁善感often ill, prone to fits of uncontrollable weeping,身体里还涌动着抑制不住的旺盛精力and filled with a restless surging energy he could not contain.接二连三的入学失败Enrolled without success in one school after another,他经常连在桌子前安坐都无法做到he often found it difficult even to remain seated at his desk.安塞尔在自传里清楚地写道In Ansel's autobiography he makes it very clear自己并不是一个寻常的孩子that he was not an altogether ordinary child.在我的印象里Certainly my impression他是一个神经紧张的孩子is that he was a very nervous child.与他人的相处And that relationships with other people对他来说并非易事were not easy for him.他是个极难相处的孩子He was probably a very difficult kid to live with,他总把父母逼疯and I think he drove his parents crazy.他总是精力充沛充满活力He was very full of energy and full of vitality对生活满怀好奇可它们太过分散and tremendous drive -- but it was scattered,散落在生活各处it was all over the place...毫无疑问I think, almost certainly,如果放到现在if it were today,他会被诊断为阅读障碍he'd be considered to have been dyslexic.他自己也曾说过He said himself, you know,"若是现在我一定算是个多动症儿童""Today, I'd be considered a hyperactive child."他的身体里涌动着There was this incredible chaos or fire无以名状的能量躁动和激♥情♥or energy or something roaring around inside and,几欲迸发all the time trying to get out...在他只有十二岁的时候Abandoning the idea of conventional schooling他温文尔雅的父亲查尔斯when the boy was only twelve,完全放弃了传统的学校教育his gentle,courtly father,Charles,而是将自己所有的爱和心血poured all the love and energy he had都倾注到了自己顽皮的独子身上into his difficult only son:安排私人家庭教师教授代数和希腊文arranging private tuition in algebra and Greek,允许他在屋外的沙丘和峭壁上闲逛数小时and letting him roam for hours along the dunes and cliffs beyond the house 去想他去的地方anywhere his boundless energy took him.他的父亲太宠他了His father just adored him,太宠了just adored him.安塞尔很古怪But Ansel was so odd,但同时也异常地聪慧but at the same time he was so intelligent,对生活充满着这般激♥情♥with this zest for life.这个孩子谁看了都会喜欢I mean,who wouldn't have been enchanted by this child... 他父亲就是不顾一切地纵容他He just indulged him to an extraordinary degree.他意识到自己的孩子与众不同He realized he had a very unusual son --这种与众不同既有积极的一面both unusual in the positive sense and unusual也有消极的一面in the somewhat negative sense...安塞尔十三岁的时候When Ansel was thirteen,他父亲给他放了一年的假he got him a year's pass带他去参加世博会to the World's Fair,巴拿马太平洋万国博览会the Panama Pacific Exposition.这对他来说大有帮助And that was a fabulous idea,安塞尔每天都去博览会Ansel went every single day and he learned more这一年学到的东西比在学校还要多there than he ever could have in a year at school...我想不管是当时还是现在I don't think a lot of fathers then or now很少有父亲会容忍♥安塞尔这般独特的性格would have tolerated Ansel's unique character,而他的父亲并不只是容忍♥他and here was a father who not only tolerated it,更培养了他but nurtured it....1914年秋天的一个下午One afternoon in the fall of 1914,当时他还只有十二岁when he was still only twelve,他开始为自己内心涌动的复杂情绪he began to find a focus for the chaotic feelings寻找一个专注点that welled up inside him.他就是那种所谓的天才He was one of those geniuses,他开始弹钢琴时还只是个孩子and sat down at the piano when he was just a kid and无人指导练了数月就能视奏了within a couple months without a teacher could read music at sight... 他几乎是出于本能地The piano was something that he instinctually爱上了钢琴fell absolutely in love with然而学习钢琴并非易事and yet it was very demanding.高度的纪律性和精准度The height of discipline and rigor,每次数小时的音阶练习practicing scales for hours at a time,对每个孩子来说都很难hard for any kid to do,但对他这种注意力不集中but really hard for a kid有些好动的孩子来说who's kind of scattered尤其困难and a little bit hyperactive...但他将所有散乱的精力都放在这上面But he somehow focused all this chaotic energy他真的做到了and by God he did,他真的很专注于此I mean he really focused it.在之后的几年里In the years to come,尽管家中财政依旧困难despite the family's continuing financial troubles --安塞尔的父亲还是竭尽所能Ansel's father would do everything he could来培养孩子非同寻常的音乐天赋to nurture the boy's unusual musical gift --他聘请了能请到的最好的老师hiring the best instructors he could find,分期购置了价值六千美元的梅森&汉姆林钢琴and purchasing on installment a $6000 Mason and Hamlin piano.即便安塞尔年已八十Even when Ansel was eighty years old,每每说到他父亲的时候he lowered his voice and spoke with reverence仍会降低嗓门语带尊敬when he spoke about his father.他打心底明白父亲对他的付出And he really understood what his father had done for him.我总是对父亲的力量和勇气感到吃惊I often wonder at the strength and courage my father had他让我脱离传统的学校教育in taking me out of the traditional school situation给予我超乎寻常的学习经历and providing me with these extraordinary learning experiences. 我很确信如果不是他I am certain he established为我树立了正确的人生方向the positive direction of my life我的生活将会充斥着迷茫和混沌that otherwise, could have been confused and chaotic.在沙丘上成长的日子里I trace who I am and the direction of my development我一直在思索我是谁思索未来的方向to those years of growing up in our house on the dunes --心中梦想的火花propelled especially by an internal spark在父亲的温柔呵护下tenderly kept alive and glowing熊熊燃烧熠熠生辉by my father.世界博览会开阔了他的视野The World's Fair had broadened his horizons;音乐为他开启了一个充满美与秩序的世界music had opened up a new world of beauty and order.但他万万没有想到But nothing could have prepared him for另一种形式的律动会影响他如此之深the stunning impact of another kind of music --初次接触到它是在1916年夏天which he first encountered in the summer of 1916,高高的内华达山脉上high in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada.在他十四岁的时候有一次生病When he was 14, his aunt gave him a book阿姨给了他一本讲述约塞米蒂的书to read about Yosemite when he was ill由约塞米蒂最早的主要发起人by the earliest major promoter of Yosemite,J·M·哈钦斯所著J.M.Hutchings --这是一部奇妙而浪漫的作品and it was a wonderful, romantic book描写了印第安文化伟大的瓦尔哈拉about the Indians and this great Valhalla,以及这片美国土地this American place,如同"神之宫殿"一般a "Throne room of the gods," as it were...安塞尔一下子就被吸引了And Ansel was swept away by it.1916年6月1日On June 1st, 1916,经不住小安塞尔的百般恳求propelled by a ceaseless barrage of youthful pleadings and entreaties 全家人第一次启程从旧金山前往约塞米蒂the family set off for the first time on the two day journey开始了两日的旅行from San Francisco to Yosemite --火车隆隆作响穿过炙热的中♥央♥山谷rumbling by train across the shimmering heat of the Central Valley, 越过内华达山脉被炙烤成棕色的山麓up through the parched brown foothills of the Sierra抵达艾尔波特until they reached El Portal --再换乘露天巴士上山then on by open bus still higher,循着美熹德河清澈的流水following the pristine waters of the Merced River深入重重群山之中ever deeper into the mountains --最后河流向东急转until at length the river angled sharply to the east,"壮丽迷人的约塞米蒂" 亚当斯后来写道and "The splendor of Yosemite," Adams later wrote,"骤然出现在眼前""burst upon us."他说 "这里四处闪烁着光芒""There was," he said, "light everywhere.""我的新纪♥元♥开始了""A new era began for me."他对它一见钟情It was love at first sight.我认为全太阳系不会有第二个地方I don't think there's any place that hits you in the solar能像约塞米蒂谷这般初见就击中你的心魄plexis the way the first time you come into Yosemite Valley. 这种魅力令人难以抗拒It's simply overwhelming.相比在提顿县和北喀斯喀特山脉You're much closer to it,你离它更近you're much more surrounded by it,被它更紧密地环绕着than you are in the Tetons or in the North Cascades.真的很棒It's awesome.将这些融合到一起对安塞尔来说And you put all those things together, and Ansel,就改变了他的人生it changed his life,彻底改变了他的人生it completely changed his life.那就是一瞬间的事And that was it -- bang!约塞米蒂成为了他的第二故乡Yosemite became his home place...到达山谷不久后Shortly after arriving in the valley,父亲送给了他一个简单而宿命般的礼物his father presented him with a simple, fateful gift:一台柯达布朗尼1号♥盒式相机a Kodak No.1 Box Brownie camera,自带皮套和背带in its own leather case with a strap.学会如何操作相机之后After being shown how the simple apparatus worked,他跑开了he was off --从山谷的一端跑向另一端racing from one end of the valley to the other,拍下他看到的每样东西shooting everything he saw --圆顶尖峰溪流草地domes, spires, streams, meadows,瀑布悬崖waterfalls and cliffs --乐此不彼地尝试着endlessly trying,他的朋友南茜·纽霍尔后来说道his friend Nancy Newhall later said,"将他的奇想和喜悦注入这个神奇的小盒子"To pour into the magic little box his wonder and his ecstasy. 他决心捕捉这番美景Somehow he must capture this beauty,呈现铺展在他面前的somehow convey this opening before him of新天地的景致"a new heaven and a new earth."我想他找到的I think that what he found是一个摆脱枷锁的机会was a chance to break out of the bonds,这枷锁在他童年时期禁锢着他的身心both psychologically and physically, of his childhood...就像是释放了他内心的恶魔A kind of liberation from his own internal demons,诸如紧张的家庭关系as it were, the family tensions,旧金山阴冷多雾的天气the kind of cold and foggy environment of San Francisco,而这里就像是巨大的游乐场and out here was this giant playground.所以我觉得And so I think...这里为他创造了另一个身份here was a chance to create another identity,乔纳森·斯波尔丁传记作家可以远离他的家庭away from his family,远离这些纷扰away from these illnesses.在之后的几年里In the years to come,音乐和群山成了他的两大癖好music and the mountains would become his twin obsessions. 每年秋天回到旧金山Each fall, back in San Francisco,他就一心投入到钢琴的学习中he threw himself into the study of the piano --常常一天练习六小时以上often practicing more than six hours a day.每年夏天他就回约塞米蒂Each summer, he made his way back up to Yosemite --迫不及待地开始探寻奇妙的风景eager to explore the wondrous landscape,钻研他的新爱好and to work on his new hobby.越高越好Higher the better.约翰·沙科夫斯基摄影师兼策展人爬得越高Higher up in the mountains,就能拍到越好的照片the better the work got,对我来说是这样it seems to me.他最初的作品仅是些快照His first photographs were little more than snapshots --权作留念aids to memory.这些照片仅仅传达出Disappointed that they conveyed拍摄瞬间他所见所感的极小一部分so little of what he had seen and felt这令他感到失望at the moment of exposure,他于是开始竭其所能地he set out to learn everything he could学习摄影技术about the photographic process自学如何冲印底片teaching himself how to develop and print his own negatives, 并用不同方法进行试验and experimenting with different approaches --包括画意摄影including pictorialism,这是当时流行的一种绘画般的柔焦风格the painterly, soft-focus style then in vogue,以艺术的名义that in the name of art追求照片柔和化和模糊化sought to soften and blur the photographic image.1920年6月8日June 8th, 1920.亲爱的父亲Dear Father:如今我深信不疑I am more than ever convinced要想诠释这里的美景that the only possible way只有一个方法to interpret the scenes hereabout就是运用印象派的表现手法is through an impressionistic vision.冷漠而物质化的表现手法A cold material representation无法表现山脉的宏伟gives one no conception whatever of the great size以及群山的广袤and distances of these mountains.安塞尔Ansel.1920年夏In the summer of 1920 --他决定做一名音乐会钢琴家determined now to pursue a career as a concert pianist --他开始在山谷中寻找he began searching the valley夏季时用来练习的钢琴for a summer piano to practice on很快就找到了一架and soon found one,在当地画家哈里·贝斯特的工作室中in the studio of a local painter named Harry Best他十七岁的金发女儿whose fair-haired seventeen year old daughter很快成为这个瘦高的十九岁小伙quickly became another reason for the tall, gangling nineteen-year-old 造访的理由to visit.从记录上看On paper,维吉尼亚是完美的伴侣Virginia was the perfect mate...她热爱诗歌♥She loved poetry,正学习做个古典歌♥手she was studying to be a classical singer,她了解音乐与文学so she was involved in music and literature,玛丽·斯特里特·阿林德传记作家这些也都深受安塞尔的喜爱all the things that Ansel cared most deeply about...她还喜欢远足And she could hike;我敢说她当时比安塞尔走得还快She could out hike Ansel, I bet, at that time.他们俩交往了很长时间感情时好时坏It was a very long courtship, off again on again.有好几次安塞尔都放弃了Several times Ansel gave up,安妮·亚当斯·赫尔姆斯女儿他又投入到了音乐中gave his life to music again,这样就用不着理会婚姻琐事which didn't include getting married,后来他们又重新在一起了and then they'd get back together again...1923年3月29日March 29th,1923.亲爱的维吉尼亚Dear Virginia.最近我进山的欲望The desire to get into the mountains越来越强烈了has grown very strong in me lately...我时常希望如今的约塞米蒂how often I wish that the Valley could be now能够像四十年前那样like it was forty years ago --一片纯粹的荒野a pure wilderness,只有一条马车道蜿蜒其中with only a wagon road through it,没有汽车没有人群and no automobiles nor mobs.我渴望回到山中I long for the high places,它们那么干净纯洁遥不可及they are so clean and pure and untouched.每年夏天Each summer,他走得越来越远进入约塞米蒂谷外he ventured farther and farther up into the rugged high country 崎岖的山林深处beyond Yosemite Valley,有时候是独自一人sometimes on his own,有时候是跟山峦俱乐部的成员一起and sometimes with members of the Sierra Club,它是约翰·缪尔三十年前建立的荒野组织the wilderness group John Muir had founded thirty years before, 数天的爬山和远足天不亮就启程long days of climbing and hiking that began before dawn天完全黑了才结束and often ended well after dark,只要可以他就拍照making pictures when he could,时而漫步在and wandering, he wrote,"世界与天际融为透明的一体"他写道in "Translucent unity with the world and sky."1923年夏近午时分Late one morning in the summer of 1923,他在山谷以东荆棘丛生wandering amidst the harsh and bleakly beautiful荒凉又美丽的山中漫步high country east of the valley,平时身处高山he came as close as he ever would偶尔涌动的激荡情绪to capturing in words the soaring emotions这一刻前所未有地化作了文字that sometimes came over him in the high mountains.我在克拉克山以西蜿蜒的山脊上攀爬I was climbing the long ridge west of Mount Clark.那是一个清晨寒风凛冽日光通透It was one of those mornings where the sunlight is burnished with a keen wind 片片长长的云羽and long feathers of cloud在高远素洁的天空上飘动move in a lofty sky.银色的光洒在每一根草上The silver light turned every blade of grass每一粒砂上and every particle of sand泛出熠熠金属般的光泽into a luminous metallic splendor;周遭万物无论多么渺小there was nothing, however small,都沐浴在这明亮的风中that did not clash in the bright wind,向通透明澈的天空射出光芒之箭that did not send arrows of light through the glassy air.在通往山脊嘎吱作响的小路上I was suddenly arrested in the long crunching path up the ridge我突然明白了光的真谛by an exceedingly pointed awareness of the light.那一刻我驻足了The moment I paused,。

1、在幼儿的性格特征没有来得及发展之前，他们的行为不如大多数成年人的行为那样保持一致。

一个儿童行为的改变，可能表明他的注意力已因其活动的不同而转变。

他的兴趣总是集中在手头的事上。

个性坚强、兴趣强烈的人能够坚持把自己正在做的事情进行下去，只是重大的环境变化才能干扰其行为的方向和目的。

Before children’s disposition is well developed , they are inferior to most adults in the respect of behavioral consistance.The change of a child’s behavior probably indicates his attention’s alteration concerns with different features of his activititis . He always centers his interest on the thing at hand . One who has strong individuality and interest can insist on what he is doing . Only the significant change of the environment can interrupt his orientation and purpose of the behavior.2、人类即使在享受技术进步带来的成果时，也必须维护纯知识的首要地位和独立性。

此外，纯知识也是实际成果的基础。

如果不去客观而无功利思想的探求（和研究）这种纯知识。

就不可能取得已有的实际成果，最初研究电的性质的人并没有预见到，他们仅仅处于好奇而进行的试验最终导致出现我们当代生活必不可少的现代电工技术。

Even while enjoying the results of technical progress, humans must also defend the primary and independence of pure knowledge. Additionally, the pure knowledge is also the basis of the real achievements. If the pure knowledge can’t be researched(and studied)objectively and nonutilitarianly, it is impossible to obtain the existing real achievements. The people who studied the nature of electricity failed to forsee the trials out of entire curiosity results in the indispensable modern electrician technology in our contemporary life.3、当你知道并不是年龄使你丧失记忆力之后，你可能大吃一惊。

AAchilles tendon:跟腱Agent 经纪人Air ball:“三不沾”，投出的篮球什么都没有碰到（按Merriam Webster给出的解释是a miss shot in basketball that fails to touch the rim and backboard所以直译过来应该是“两不沾”）All-Defensive Team :最佳防守阵容。

Alley-hoop:空中接力（一个运动员把球抛向空中，另一个队员在空中接住球把球扣入篮筐）All-NBA Team: NBA最佳阵容All-Rookie Team:最佳新秀阵容All -Star:全明星APG:平均每场助攻Arena:比赛场；竞技场比如Seattle主场名字叫Key Arenaarc:三分线Assist:助攻(缩写：Ast)Attempts:出手次数Arena:比赛场；竞技场（比如Seattle的主场名字叫Key Arena）BBabyhook:小勾手Backboard:篮板（注意不是basketboard）Backcourt:后场（一支球队本方的半场为后场，即这支球队所要防守的那半场）Backdoor play:篮球基本战术之一（当一个队员在罚球弧周围接到球时，另一个动员立刻从弱侧切至篮下，接队友的传球投篮得分）Back pass:背后传球Baseline:底线（球场两端的边界线）Basket:篮筐（也作ring，还有一种通俗的说法是hoop）Bench:替补队员Block shot:盖帽(缩写：Blk.)Blocking Foul：阻挡犯规Bo嘘声；发出嘘声(v)（球迷发泄不满的一种方法）Bounce pass:击地传球Box out:抢篮板球挡人（即抢篮板球时站在对手和球架之间，用身体挡住防守队员的动作）Box score:技术统计Bounce pass:地板反弹传球BPG:平均每场盖帽Brick：球打在篮筐或篮板上被崩出来（许多公牛队的球迷在客队罚球时都手执一块上写“Brick”的牌子在罚球队员的眼前不停的晃动，扰乱他的视线，以达到干扰罚球的目的）Bury a shot:投篮命中Buzzer beater:比赛结束前的最后一投（buzzer是比赛用的蜂鸣器）CCaptain:队长。

欧盟关于电池和废电池的新规(EU) 2023/1542立法背景2019年12月11日，欧盟委员会（European Commission, EC）发布了欧盟未来为应对气候变化、履行巴黎协定（The Paris Agreement）、推动可持续发展的“欧洲绿色新政”（the ‘European Green Deal’)。

根据该协议：到2050年，欧洲要成为首个“碳中和”地区，力求经济增长与化石能源的使用脱钩。

汽车作为欧洲传统工业的支柱和经济引擎之一，长久以来为欧洲提供了大量的工作岗位和税收。

而其所属的交通运输体系，其温室气体（Green House Gas, GHG）排放量约占全欧总量的四分之一。

使汽车能源供应从化石燃料转向电动是实现2050年气候中和目标的先决条件之一。

电池作为一种重要资源，是可持续发展、绿色出行、清洁能源和气候中和的关键推动力量之一。

根据全球电池联盟（Global Battery Alliance, GBA）报告：到2030年，电池预计可为交通和电力领域实现碳减排目标贡献30%的力量。

为实现这一目标，未来10年，电池价值链需要扩大19倍。

鉴于电池的战略重要性，为了向所有相关从业者提供法律确定性（legal certainty），同时也为避免歧视、贸易壁垒和电池市场非预期扭转，也鉴于原电池指令（2006/66/EC）自基于锂离子化学的电池市场不断发展壮大以来所面临新的安全和环境挑战，欧盟认为为电池耐久性（sustainability）、性能（performance）、安全（safety）、收集（collection）、回收（recycling）和二次使用（second life of batteries），以及为最终用户（End Users）和经济从业者（Economic Operators）提供电池产品信息，建立一个协调监管框架来处理投放于欧盟市场上的电池在其整个生命周期内的问题是非常有必要的。

电化学阻抗测量锂电池老化程度Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Testing on the Advanced Technology DevelopmentProgram Lithium-Ion CellsJon P. Christophersen, David F. Glenn, Chester G.Motloch, Randy B. Wright, Chinh D. HoTransportation Technologies and Infrastructure Department Idaho National Engineering and Environmental LaboratoryIdaho Falls, IDVincent S. BattagliaDOE Technical Contact Argonne National LaboratoryWashington, DCAbstract—The U.S. DOE Advanced Technology Development (ATD) Program is investigating Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as a new measure of cell degradation. As part of the program, the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is aging 18650-size cells using cycle-life tests developed under the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, which has been superceded by FreedomCAR in January 2002. At beginning of life and every four weeks thereafter, cycle-life testing is interrupted for reference performance tests (RPT) to assess capacity and power fade rates. TheEIS impedance is measured at 60% state-of-charge over a range of frequencies at each RPT. The resulting Nyquist plots show that the two semi-circles, representing the anode and cathode impedance growth, are poorly resolved due to the influence of the high frequency capacitive tail and the low-frequency Warburg impedance. However, impedance growth is clearly visible at the trough frequency of the second semi-circle. The magnitude at this frequency is comparable to the standard measure of cell degradation, which is based on the percent-fade in power as a function of test time while delivering 300 Wh. The percent growth in EIS magnitude at the trough frequency highly correlates with the power fade. This suggests that the EIS test is a useful alternate measure of cell degradation.Keywords—Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy; trough frequency; Hybrid Pulse Power Chararacterization test; power fade; Advanced Technology DevelopmentCooperative Automotive Research). Its emphasis will be the development of fuel cell-powered vehicles. “The long-term results of this cooperative effort will be cars and trucks that are more efficient, cheaper to operate, pollution-free, and com petitive in the showroom.”It is believed that advanced high-power batteries will continue to be a critical component in this new program.]II. CELL CHEMISTRYAdvanced Technology Development testing of the second generation of cells (referred to as Gen 2 cells) is now underway. The 18650-size Gen 2 cells consist of a baseline cell chemistry and one variant chemistry (referred to as Variant C). The Baseline cells were manufactured to the following specifications, as developed by Argonne National Laboratory [2]: ?Positive Electrode? 84 wt% LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 ? 4 wt% carbon black ? 4 wt% SFG-6? 8 wt% PVDF binder ?Negative Electrode ? 92 wt% MAG-10 ? 8 wt% PVDF binder ? ?Electrolyte? 1.2 M LiPF6 in EC/EMC (3:7 wt%) Separator? 25 μm thick PE CelgardThe Variant C cell chemistry differs from the baseline chemistry by an increase to the aluminum dopant from 5% to 10% and a decrease to the cobalt from 15% to 10% in the cathode (i.e., LiNi0.8Co0.1Al0.1O2). This change resulted in a 20% drop in rated capacity (0.8 Ah) at beginning of life (BOL) compared to the Baseline cell rated capacity of 1.0 Ah. III. CELL TESTINGThe Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is cycle-life testing the Gen 2 cells in twoI. INTRODUCTIONThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated the Advanced Technology Development (ATD) Program in 1998 to address the outstanding barriers that limit the commercialization of high-power lithium-ion batteries, specifically for hybrid electric vehicle applications. As part of the program, 18650-size cells are aged using calendar- and cycle-life tests developed under the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) Power Assist goals. Reference [1] provides additional information about the ATD Program. [Note: In January 2002 at the Detroit Auto Show, Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham announced that PNGV would be superceded by the formation of a new program between the U.S. Government and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research, dubbed FreedomCAR (Freedom0-7803-7467-3/02/$17.00 ?2002 IEEE.1851temperature groups (fifteen Baseline cells at 25°C and fifteen Baseline and Variant C cells each at 45°C), as described in the cell-specific test plan [3]. Cycle-life testing is performed using the PNGV 25-Wh Power Assist profile defined in the PNGV Battery Test Manual, Revision 3 [4]. It consists of a constant power discharge and regen pulse with interspersed rest periods centered around 60% state-of-charge (SOC). The cumulative length of a single profile is 72 seconds and constitutes one cycle. This cycle is repeated continuously during life testing.At BOL and every four weeks (i.e., 33,600 cycle-life profiles) thereafter, cycle-life testing is interrupted for reference performance testing (RPT) which are used to quantify capacity and power fade rates. The RPTs consist of a C1/1 static capacity test, a low-current hybrid pulse power characterization (L-HPPC) test, a C1/25 static capacity test, and an Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) test. All RPT’s are performed at 25°C. To minimize temperature fluctuations, the cells remain in environmental chambers during testing activities.The C1/1 static capacity test consists of a complete discharge at aC1 rate (i.e., 1.0 A for the Baseline cells and 0.8 A for the Variant C cells) to the minimum voltage from a fully charged cell. The C1/25 capacity test consists of a full discharge and charge at one twenty-fifth of theC1/1 rate (i.e., 40 mA for the Baseline cells and 32 mA for the Variant C cells). These tests are used to track the capacity fade rates as a function of time. The L-HPPC and EIS tests are used to track power fade rates as a function of time. These tests are discussed in detail below.The Gen 2 end-of-test (EOT) criteria are specified in [3]. The INEEL cycle-life cells are organized in three groups of fifteen, as described above. One cell from each group was sent to a diagnostic lab for evaluation after the BOL RPT was completed. Following the 4-week RPT, another two cells were removed from test and sent to diagnostic labs. The EOT criteria for the remaining 12 cells are based on equal powerfade increments such that the penultimate pair of cells are sent for diagnostic evaluation when the power fade reaches 30%. IV. L-HPPC TESTINGThe L-HPPC test is used as the standard PNGV measure of cell degradation. It consists of a constant-current discharge and regen pulse with a rest period in between over a 60-second period. Fig. 1 shows the standard L-HPPC test profile, as specified in [4]. The 18-s constant-current discharge pulse is performed at a 5C1 rate for the ATD Gen 2 cells (i.e., 5 A for the Baseline cells and 4 A for the Variant C cells). This profile is repeated at every 10% depth-of-discharge (DOD) increment, with a 1-h rest at open circuit voltage (OCV) at each DOD increment to ensure that the cells have electrochemically and thermally equilibrated.The BOL L-HPPC test is used to calculate a scaling factor known as the battery size factor (BSF). The BSF is the minimum number of cells required to meet the PNGV power and energy goals (25 kW and 300 Wh, respectively) based on a 30% BOL power margin (i.e., 25 kW * 1.3, or 32.5 kW), as specified in [4]. The 30% BOL power margin enables the cells to simultaneously meet the PNGV power and energygoals as performance degrades over time until the 30% margin is consumed. The BSF is used to scale all subsequent PNGV power and energy-based tests including the 25-Wh Power Assist cycle-life profile [4].The ATD Gen 2 Baseline and Variant C cells require an average BSF of 553 and 651, respectively. Therefore, the Variant C chemistry requires 98 more cells to meet the same power and energy goals as the Baseline cells.1.251.00Current (relative)0.750.500.250.00-0.25-0.50-0.75-1.00102030405060Time in Profile (s)Figure 1. Hybrid pulse power characterization profile.For every RPT, the L-HPPC discharge and regen pulse powers and energies removed at a C1/1 rate are calculated at each 10% DOD increment. This data are used to find the available energy swing over specified discharge and regen power levels [4]. Fig. 2 shows the resulting BSF-scaled available energy versus the BSF-scaled power for a representative Baseline cell cycle-life tested at 45°C for 44 weeks. Cell degradation is measured in terms of power fade, which is the percentloss in power at 300 Wh as a function of test time. For the cell shown in Fig. 2, the initial power at 300 Wh (rightmost curve) is 33.5 kW. Between BOL and 44 weeks, the available energy decreased monotonically with time. At 44 weeks (leftmost curve), the power dropped to 22.4 kW, resulting in a power fade of 33.1%.1800BSF-Scaled Available Energy (Wh)160014001200100080060040020000100002000030000BSF-Scaled Power (W)40000Figure 2. BSF-scaled power versus BSF-scaled energy for a representative45°C Baseline cell.0-7803-7467-3/02/$17.00 ?2002 IEEE.1852Imaginary Impedance (- jZ'')The average power fades as a function of test time for all three INEEL cycle-life groups are summarized in Fig. 3. After 44 weeks of cycle-life testing, the 25 and 45°C Baseline cells show average power fades of 16.0% and 32.1%, respectively. The 45°C Variant C cells show a more rapid power fade of 25.1% after 24 weeks of cycle-life testing. Projections based on power fade rates indicate that the Variant C cells will reach the EOT criteria sooner than the 45°C Baseline cells.Power Fade (%)30%20%10%0%Baseline Cellsfrequency capacitive tail and the low-frequency Warburg impedance. Although they become progressively more distinct as the cell ages, an alternative approach for measuring cell degradation needs to be identified.0.020.0180.0160.0140.0120.010.0080.0060.0040.002000.010.02Real Impedance (ohms)0.03Figure 4. Representative 32-week EIS data with RC network model.Figure 3. Power fade as a function of test timeImaginary Impedance (- jZ'')Baseline CellsINEEL Cell GroupVariant C Cells0.030.02V. EIS TESTINGThe ATD Program is investigating EIS testing as a new measure of cell degradation. The EIS test begins by 0.01discharging the cells from afully charged state to the specified OCV corresponding to 60% SOC. Following an eight-hour rest at OCV, which allows the cells to reach electrochemical equilibrium, the impedance is measured over a frequency 0range of 10 kHz to 0.01 Hz with 10 points per decade of 00.010.020.030.04frequency. INEEL conducts EIS testing with a Model 273AReal Impedance (ohms)EG&G Potentiostat/Galvanostat, a Model 1260 SolartronFrequency Analyzer, and the ZPlot control software. INEELmeasures impedance using a 4-terminal connection, Figure 5. EIS Nyquist plot for a representative Baseline cell after 44 weeks of cycle life testing.eliminating the need to subtract cable impedance.Fig. 4 shows the EIS Nyquist plot after 32 weeks of cycle-life testing at 45°C for a representative ATD Gen 2 Baseline cell. This data can be modeled using four parallel RC networks connected in series. Fig. 4 also shows the outputs of each individual RC network, resulting in four distinct curves. Progressing from left to right, the first curve represents the high frequency capacitive tail (resulting from the 4-terminal connection), which is an artifact arising from apparatus contributions. The anode and cathode primarily influence the first and secondsemi-circles, respectively [5]. The leftmost curve is the Warburgimpedance, which may represent a resistance caused by the diffusion of ions.Fig. 5 shows the EIS Nyquist plot for the same cell shown in Figs. 2 and 4 at each RPT increment from BOL to 44-weeks. Data are only plotted over a frequency range of 2.5 kHz to 0.01 Hz in Fig. 5 to better show the changes in the two semi-circles as a function of test time.The ideal method of measuring cell degradation is to track the growth of these two semi-circles as a function of time. However, as shown in Fig. 5, they are poorly resolved due to the influence of the highThe EIS Nyquist plot can be divided into three different frequency bands (high-, mid- and low-frequency). The break point between the mid- and low-frequency bands is clearly located at the trough frequency. The break point between the high- and mid-frequency is more difficult to identify since the capacitive tail significantly influences the first and second semi-circles. For the analyses discussed in this paper, the break point between the high- and mid-frequency region is guesstimated at 200 Hz.Fig. 6 shows the changes in EIS magnitude as a function of test time at these three different frequency bands for the average of two representative ATD Gen 2 Baseline cells cycle-life tested at 45°C for 44 weeks. Fig. 4 identifies the location of these frequencies on the Nyquist plot. The values shown at “High-Frequency” are the averageimpedance magnitudes at 200 Hz. The mid-frequency delta magnitudes at “Mid-Frequency” are the average magnitudes at the trough frequency minus the average magnitudes at 200 Hz. The values at “Low-Frequency” are the average magnitudes at 500-7803-7467-3/02/$17.00 ?2002 IEEE.1853mHz minus the average magnitudes at 2.5 Hz (the average initial trough frequency). All three frequency bands show some growth over test time. The low-frequency band at 50 mHz showed the smallest percent growth with 7.9% from BOL to 44 weeks. The high-frequency magnitude growth was also small with a 12.3% increase over 44 weeks. The delta magnitude growth at the mid-frequency band showed the most significant growth, with 236.9% from BOL to 44 weeks. Similar results are also seen for the 25°C Baseline cells andthe 45°C Variant C cells.Delta Magnitude (mohms)1412Fig. 8 compares the average EIS magnitude growth at thesemi-circle trough with the average power fade for the INEEL ATD Gen 2 Baseline and Variant C cells. This shows that the magnitude growth is highly correlated with power fade, having R2 values greater than 0.98. The correlation is temperature dependent, with the 25°C Baseline cellsshowing a higher slope than the 45°C cells. The Baseline and Variant C cells tested at 45°C have virtually identical slopes even though the Variant C cells are projected to reach EOT sooner than the Baseline cells. This indicates that the mechanisms responsible for the power fade rate are also responsible for EIS growth.35%30%Power Fade (%)25%20%15%10%5%0%20%40%60%80%1086420High-FrequencyMid-FrequencyFrequenciesLow-FrequencyFigure 6. EIS delta magnitude for an average of two 45°C Baseline cells.0%EIS Magnitude Growth at the Trough(%)Therefore, since the majority of the impedance growth occurs at the mid-frequency band, it can be used to measure cell degradation. However, since the break point between the high- and mid-frequencyband was only guesstimated at 200 Hz, only the EIS magnitude growth at the trough frequency will be considered. For the cell shown in Fig. 5, the 44-week trough magnitude (27.2 m? at 0.5 Hz) grew 63.9% from the BOL trough magnitude (16.6 m? at 2.0 Hz). The average EIS magnitude percent-growth as a function of cycle time for all three INEEL cycle-life groups are summarized in Fig. 7. After 44 weeks of cycle-life testing, the 25 and 45°C Baseline cells show average EIS magnitude growths of 26.2% and 62.1%, respectively. The 45°C Variant C cells show a more rapid magnitude growth with 46.2% after only 24 weeks of cycle-life testing.60%40%20%0%Baseline CellsBaseline CellsINEEL Cell GroupVariant C CellsFigure 8. Magnitude growth at the semi-circle trough frequency versus powerfade.Therefore, the EIS test may be a useful alternate measure of cell degradation. It is a less intrusive alternative to L-HPPC testing since it can be performed at a single SOC and does not require fully discharging the cell at 10% DOD increments. The disadvantage to EIStesting is that no energy calculations are possible. Further studies are required to determine how the correlation between magnitude growth and power fade changes as a function of SOC (all cells shown in Fig. 8 were cycle-life and EIS tested at 60% SOC).VI. CONCLUSIONThe INEEL is cycle-life testing the ATD Gen 2 Baseline and Variant C cells. Every four weeks, cycle-life testing is interrupted for reference performance tests, which include the L-HPPC and EIS tests. From theL-HPPC test, the power fade as a function of test time is tracked as the standard measure of cell degradation. The Nyquist plots show that the majority of the impedance growth occurs at the trough frequency of the second semi-circle. The percent growth in magnitude at that frequency highly correlates with the power fade. This model shows that higher power fade rates also result in higher EIS magnitude growth rates. The model is temperature dependent, with the 25°C Baseline cells showing a higher slope than the 45°C Baseline and Variant C cells. Therefore, the EIS test provides an alternate and less intrusive method to track cell degradation. However, the EIS test does not provide any information on available energy. Since all INEEL ATD Gen 2 EIS testing is performed at 60% SOC, additional studies will be required to determine theSOC-dependence of this model.EIS Magnitude Growth (%)Figure 7. EIS magnitude growth as a function of test time0-7803-7467-3/02/$17.00 ?2002 IEEE.1854VII. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONSThe following acronyms and abbreviations were used in this paper: ATD BOL DOD DOE EOT FreedomCAR L-HPPC OCV PNGVAdvanced Technology Development beginning of life depth of discharge Department of Energy end of testFreedom Cooperative Automotive Research low-current hybrid pulse power characterization open circuit voltagePartnership for a New Generation of VehiclesRPT SOCreference performance test state of chargeBSF battery size factorACKNOWLEDGMENTThis work was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government under US DOE ContractDE-AC07-99ID13727. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. DOE Office of Advanced Automotive Technologies.REFERENCES*1+ R.A. Sutula et al., “FY 2000 progress report for the Advanced Technology Development program,” U.S. DOE, OAAT, December 2000. *2+ Gary Henriksen, “Gen 2 Baseline & Variant C cells,” ATDQuarterlyReview Presentation in Albuquerque, N.M., November, 2000.[3] PNGV test plan for Advanced Technology Development Gen 2 lithium-ion cells, EVH-TP-121, Revision 6, October 2001.[4] PNGV battery test manual, DOE/ID-10597, Revision 3, February 2001. *5+ D. Zhang at al., “Studies on capacity fade of lithium-ion batteries,”Journal of Power Sources, vol. 91, pp. 122-129, 2000.EIS electrochemical impedance spectroscopy0-7803-7467-3/02/$17.00 ?2002 IEEE.1855。

一位老人用一枚不起眼的戒指英语作文A humble ring, a priceless treasure - the story of an old man and his unassuming ringIn a small, quaint village nestled in the rolling hills of the countryside, there lived an old man named Mr. Johnson. He was well-known in the village for his gentle nature, wise words, and warm smile that never seemed to fade. Mr. Johnson had lived a life filled with ups and downs, joys and sorrows, but through it all, he always found solace in one thing - a simple, unassuming ring that he wore on his finger.The ring was nothing remarkable to look at. It was made of plain silver with a small, uncut gemstone embedded in the center. It had no intricate design or flashy embellishments, and at first glance, it could easily be dismissed as just another piece of jewelry. But to Mr. Johnson, the ring was more than a mere piece of metal and stone - it was a link to his past, a reminder of the love he had lost, and a symbol of hope for the future.Many years ago, when Mr. Johnson was a young man, he had met and fallen in love with a beautiful girl named Lily. Their love was pure and true, and they had dreams of building a life together. But fate had other plans, and Lily fell gravely ill. DespiteMr. Johnson's unwavering love and care, Lily's condition worsened, and she eventually passed away, leaving Mr. Johnson heartbroken and lost.In the depths of his grief, Mr. Johnson found solace in the ring that Lily had gifted him on their first anniversary. It was a token of her love, a symbol of their bond, and a reminder that she would always be with him, even in death. Mr. Johnson wore the ring every day, never taking it off, and it became a source of strength and comfort for him in his darkest hours.As the years passed, Mr. Johnson grew older and wiser, his hair turned silver, and his once strong frame became frail. But through it all, the ring remained a constant companion, a silent witness to the passage of time and the trials of life. It was a silent testament to Mr. Johnson's enduring love for Lily, a beacon of hope in the face of adversity, and a reminder that love transcends even death.One day, as Mr. Johnson sat on a bench in the village square, watching the children play and the sun set behind the mountains, a young girl approached him. She had tears in her eyes and a look of despair on her face. She told Mr. Johnson of her troubles, her fears, and her doubts, and she asked him for guidance and solace.Mr. Johnson listened intently, his wise eyes full of compassion and understanding. And then, he did something unexpected - he took off the ring from his finger and placed it in the girl's hand. He told her the story of Lily, of their love and their loss, and he spoke of the power of love to heal and to conquer all obstacles. He told her that the ring was a talisman of hope, a symbol of resilience, and a reminder that no matter how dark the night may seem, the dawn will always break.The girl looked at the ring, her eyes wide with wonder and gratitude. She saw the love and the pain etched in its simple design, the hope and the courage imbued in its unassuming beauty. And she felt a warmth spread through her heart, a sense of peace and comfort that she had never known before.From that day on, the young girl wore the ring every day, just as Mr. Johnson had done. And she found strength in its presence, solace in its touch, and hope in its promise of a brighter tomorrow. And in the months and the years that followed, the girl grew into a strong and wise woman, her eyes full of compassion and her heart full of love. And she passed on the ring to another soul in need, just as Mr. Johnson had done for her.And so, the humble ring continued its journey, from hand to hand, heart to heart, spreading love and hope wherever it went. And Mr. Johnson, the old man with the wise eyes and the warm smile, watched from afar, his heart full of joy and his soul at peace, knowing that love is eternal, and that its power can never be diminished by time or distance.And so, the story of Mr. Johnson and his unassuming ring became a legend in the village, a tale of love and loss, of hope and redemption, of the human spirit's capacity to endure and to transcend. And the ring, once a simple piece of jewelry, became a priceless treasure, a symbol of love's enduring power, and a beacon of hope for all who gazed upon it.And in the end, as the sun set behind the mountains and the stars twinkled in the sky, Mr. Johnson closed his eyes and smiled, his hand empty but his heart full. For he knew that love would always find a way, that hope would always prevail, and that the ring, his faithful companion, would continue its journey, linking hearts and souls, past, present, and future, in an eternal dance of love and light.。

动画预设backgrounds 背景Apparition 幻影Blocks 积木Cinders 尘渣Circuit 电路Cosmic power 宇宙能量Creepy 恐怖Curtain 窗帘Deep Tissue 深层组织Fog Lights 雾化灯Germs 细菌Green crystals 绿色晶体Indigestion 消化不良Infection 感染Lightning Bend 扭曲闪电Magma 岩浆Orb 球体Pixels 像素Racing Rectangles 疾行矩形Red Speed 红色速度River 河流Rose Light 玫瑰之光Silk 丝绸Smoke Rising 烟雾升腾Sweeping Curves 曲线扫除Behaviors 行为Autoscroll—horizontal 自动水平滚动Autoscroll—vertical 自动垂直滚动Drisf Over Time 在时间上漂移Fade In Over layer Below 在下层图层上淡入Fade In +Out-frames 淡入淡出——帧Fade In +Out – msec 淡入淡出——毫秒Fade Out Over Layer Below 在下层图层上淡出Opacity Flash –Layer markers 透明闪烁—图层标记Opacity Flash – random 透明闪烁—随机Rotate Over Time 在时间上旋转Scale bounce –Layer markers 比例弹跳—图层标记Scale bounce – random 比例弹跳—随机Wiggle—gelatin 摆动—凝结Wiggle—position 摆动—位置Wiggle—rotation 摆动—旋转Wiggle—scale 摆动—规模Wiggle—shear 摆动—修剪Wigglerama 摇摆的罗摩Image-Crevtive 图像—创新Bloom – brights 生长—亮Bloom –brights +darks 生长—亮暗Bloom – crystallize 1 生长—结晶化1Bloom – crystallize 2 生长—结晶化2 Colorize – blue wash 彩色化—涂蓝色Colorize – gold dip 彩色化—金色汲取Colorize – infrared 彩色化—红外线Colorize –moonshadows 彩色化—月之暗面Colorize – red hand tint 彩色化—红色手迹Colorize – royal purple 彩色化—蓝紫色Colorize – sepia 彩色化—棕褐色Colorize –sky blue 彩色化—天蓝色Colorize – sky orange 彩色化—橙色天空Colorize – sunset gradient 彩色化—日落渐变Contrast – luminance 反差—亮度Contrast – saturation 反差—饱和度Dimension –bevel + shadow 尺寸—辉光+阴影Dimension –glow + shadow 尺寸—斜边+阴影Grayscale 1 灰度 1Grayscale 2 灰度 2Grayscale 3 灰度 3Grayscale 4 灰度4Inset video – framed 插入视频—加框Inset video – tornedges 插入视频—边缘磨损Left Third –Scoop mask NTSC 左侧三分之一汲取遮罩Left Third –Scoop mask PAL 左侧三分之一汲取遮Lower Third –Scoop mask NTSC下方三分之一汲取遮罩Lower Third –Scoop mask PAL 下方三分之一汲取遮罩Lower Third holdout–darken 下方三分之一保持变暗Lower Third holdout–saturate下方三分之一保持浸润Mood Lighting – amorphous 情绪照明—无定形Mood Lighting – digital 情绪照明—数字化Mood Lighting – streaks 情绪照明—窄条光线Vignette Lighting 装饰照明Image –special effects 图像—特殊效果Bad TV1 — Warp 不良电视信号1—扭曲Bad TV2 — old 不良电视信号2—老旧Bad TV3 —Weak 不良电视信号3—弱Cracked Tiles 碎块Embossed Multiple Exposure 浮雕状多次曝光Light Leaks — Layer markers 漏光—图层标记Light Leak — random 漏光—随机Motion Registration Errors 动态注册错误Night Vision 夜视效果Image – Utilities 图像—实用Compress—Expand Dynamic Range 压缩—扩展动态范围Crop Edges 裁剪边缘Flip 左右翻转Flip+Flop 左右翻转+上下翻转Flop 上下翻转Invert Alpha 反转Alpha通道Keying —blue blur 键控—蓝色模糊Keying —green blue 键控—绿色模糊Levels— computer To Video 电平—计算机到视频Levels —Video To computer 电平—视频到计算机Reduce DV blockiness 降低DV 色块阻塞量Sample Image Expression 取样图像表达式shapes 形状(1) Backgrounds 背景Kaleidoscopic 矩形集结Nerve net — Circular 神经网—循环Nerve net — Linear 神经网—线性Nerve net— Penta 神经网—五芒星(2)Elements 元素60s text Bar 60年代文字栏Chasing Line — Boxes 追逐线—框Chasing Line — Dotc 追逐线—点Marquee Chasers 选取框追逐Mod Boxes 模块盒Ring Chart 环形图表Wireframe Worm 蠕动线框图(3) Sprites — animated 精灵—动画Alien face —animated 异形面孔—动画Circular —Cellular division 循环—细胞分解Dancing knot 舞蹈结Mandala —Animated 曼陀罗—动画Phase scope 相位范围Spiro Mandala 螺旋形曼陀罗Twinklestar 星状闪烁(4)Sprites — Still 精灵—静态Alien Calligraphy 异形书法Alien Face 异形面孔Box — dashed lines 盒状—虚线Bullseye 靶心Circular — half round 循环—半圆Circular — tri dash 循环—三段破折号Crosshair — brackets 瞄准线—括号Crosshair — round 瞄准线—园Crosshair — square 瞄准线—方形Fan blades 风扇叶片Flower power 花之力量Gear 1 齿轮1Gear 2 齿轮2Holy Light 圣光Indian Sun 印第安太阳Mandala 曼陀罗Raystar — 4 星状射线4 Raystar — 8 星状射线8 Rounded bracket — beveled 弧形托架—斜面Rounded bracket — double 弧形托架—双倍Seaside Daisy 海边雏菊Tricog 三齿轮sound effects 声音效果Blaster 冲击波Busy 繁忙Call Adobe 呼叫Adobe DialTone —US 无拨号音—USDTMF 双音频Phone Company 电话公司Ringing Phone —US 电话铃声—USsynthetics 合成物Blue Bars 模糊条Cells 蜂巢Digital 数码Ethereal 飘渺Gold ambiance 金色环境Lightning— Horizontal 闪电—水平Lightning Vertical 垂直—闪电Mosaic 马赛克Orange— streaks 橙色—条纹Smoke —Drifting 烟—雾Starburst spin 星爆旋转Text 文字（1）3D Text 3D文字3D Basic position Z Cascade 3D基本位置Z下落3D Basic position Z Typeon 3D基本位置Z打字3D Basic Rotate X Cascade 3D基本旋转X 下落3D Basic Rotate Y Cascade 3D基本旋转Y下落3D Bouncing In Centered 3D跳动于中央3D Fall Back Scale ＆ Skew 3D 回落缩放＆倾斜3D Fall Back Scramble ＆ Blur 3D 回落爬行＆模糊3D Flip In Rotate X 3D翻转入旋转X3D Flip out Rotate X 3D翻转出旋转X3D Flip UP Reflection 3D上翻转反射3D Flutter In From Left 3D从左振动入3D Flutter In Random order 3D 随机排序振动入3D Flutter out From Right 3D 从右振动出3D Fly Down ＆Unfold 3D下飞＆展开3D Fly Down Behind camera 3D 从摄像机后下飞3D Fly Down Random ＆Rotate Y 3D 下飞随机＆旋转Y 3DLinesZoomIn 3D 线性放大3D Rain Down Words ＆Colors 3D 下雨字＆颜色3D Random Spike Tumble 3D 随机固定翻滚 3D Resolveposition3D 位置决定 3DRotatearoundcircle3D 绕圆旋转 3DRotateinbycharacter3D 字符旋转入3D Rotate out by Word 3D字符旋转出 3DScrambleinpositionZ3D 位置Z 爬行入3D Spiral Down ＆Unfold 3D下盘旋＆展开3D Spiral Rotate In by Line3D 行盘旋入3D Spiral Rotate out by Line 3D 行盘旋出 3DSwingAroundonpath3D 在路径回转3D Tumble Words Forward 3D文字前滚3D Twist ＆Colors characters 3D 字符扭曲 ＆ 颜色（2）Animate In 动画（入）Center Spiral 中央螺旋 Characters shuffle In 逐字拖入Decoder Fade In 解码式淡入 Drop In by character 逐字落入Espresso Eye chart 咖啡搅拌状字符（随机变换）Fade UP And Flip 淡入并上翻Fade UP character 逐字淡入 Fade UP Lines 逐行淡入Fade UP Words 逐词淡入Fly In From Bottom 从下飞入Fly In With A Twist 逐字扭曲飞入Pop Buzz Words 字词切换Raining characters In 字符雨（入）Random Fade Up 随机淡入Random shuffle In 随机拖入Random Word shuffle In 随机单词拖入Slow Fade on 慢速淡入Smooth Move In 平滑移入Spin In By character 逐字旋转入Spin In By Word 逐词旋转入Straight In By character 逐字直接入Straight In By Word 逐词直接入Straight In Multi Line 逐行直接入Straight In Multi Line 2 逐行直接入2Stretch In Each Line 逐行拉伸入Stretch In Each Word 逐字拉伸入Twirl on Each Line 逐行扭曲打开Twirl on Each Word 逐词扭曲打开Typewriter 打字机Wipe In To center 划入至中央（3）Animate 动画（出）Encoder Fade out 编码淡出Fade out by Character 字符淡出Fade out Slow 缓慢淡出Raining Character out 字符雨出Random Fly off 随机向右飞走Random Fly off 2 随机向左飞走2Random Word Fly off 随机文字飞走Slide off Right By Character 单词向右滑走Slide off Right By Word 字符向右滑走Stretch out Each Line 逐行拉伸出Stretch out Each Word 逐字拉伸出Twirl off Each Line 逐行旋转出Twirl off Each Word 逐字旋转出(4)Blur 模糊Blur By Word 文字模糊Bullet Train 子弹列车Evaporate 蒸发Foggy 雾化Jiggy 活跃Transporter 运输（5）Curves and Spins 曲线及旋转Bloom Entry 开花Clockwise Entry 顺时针进入Counter Rotate 计数器旋转Dust Devil 小尘暴Lasso 套索Lasso Tumble 套索翻转Musical Chairs 音乐椅Newton 牛顿Pinwheel 风车Radial Flare 径向眩光Retrograde 倒退Rotate 旋转Somersault 翻跟头Spin Fast 快速旋转Spiral Exit 旋转退出Spiral In 旋转入Spiro graph 螺旋图形Swoopy Entry 疾速进入Tea Leaves 旋转茶叶Tire Rim 轮圈Whirl In 回旋入（6）Expressions 表达式Buzz Wolds 快切文字Current Time Format 当前的时间格式Dictionary 字典Frame Number 帧编号Inch Worm 蠕动Text Bounce 弹跳文字（7）Fill and Stroke 填充及描边Chasing Strokes 镂空边Fill Color wipe 填充色擦除Flicker Color 闪烁色Flicker Color —Scale 闪烁色—缩放Flicker Green 绿色闪烁Inflammation 炎症Pulse Blue 蓝色脉冲Pulse orange 橙色脉冲Pulsing Strokes 描边脉冲Pulsing Strokes 2 描边脉冲2 Rotate Hue 色调循环Sliding Color Flicker 滑动色闪烁Stroke Ease Down 带边框缓跌Wiggly Stroke Width 滚动的边宽Wiggly Stroke Width By Line 逐行波动边宽（8）Graphical 图解Bars Blinky 条形闪烁Bars Lime 柠檬色条形Blue Note 蓝调Exchange 交换Green Dots 绿色圆点Hazard 危险Red Circles 绿色圆环Scratchy Film 擦刮胶片Snowflakes 雪花White Trim 白色修剪Yellow Boxes 黄色盒（9）Lights and optical 照明及光学Blue Flash 蓝色闪光Broadway 百老汇Bubble Pulse 汽泡脉冲Emerge 浮现Exposure 曝光Flash 闪光Flicker Exposure 闪烁曝光Fluctuate 波动Fluorescent Light 荧光灯Office Light 办公室灯光Overlay 叠加Pulse Exposure 脉冲曝光Shadows 阴影Silhouettes 影子Sonar ping 声纳回显Spin Flash 旋转闪烁Word Flash 单词闪烁（10）Mechanical 机械Algorithm 演算Algorithm Loop 循环演算Automation 自动控制Bed Reception 不良接收Doppler 多普勒Electro Magnet 电磁体Helicopter 直升机Insert Text 插入文字Kinematic 运动学Mechanical 机械Pistons 活塞Rack ＆Pinion 齿条及齿轮Roadtrip 开车上路Roadtrip 2 开车上路2 Scale Bounce 缩放弹跳Screen Roll 屏幕滚动Stairstep 原地踏步Submarine 潜水艇Under Score 下划线强调Warp 9.8 弯曲9.8（11）Miscellaneous 杂项Angle Fly—In 边角飞入Back Flip 后翻Blow Away 吹散Bounce In 跳入Bungee 橡皮筋Chaotic 混乱Chaotic 2 混乱2Clay Pigeons 陶土飞靶 点. ComElbow Room 拥挤场所Explosion 爆炸Explosion 2 爆炸 2Hop, Skip,And A Jump 跳，跳，跳Hop, Skip,And A Jump 2 跳，跳，跳2 Hop ,Skip,And A Jump 3 跳，跳，跳3 Hop ,Skip,And A Jump 4 跳，跳，跳4 Pendulum 荡漾Punching Bag 吊带Question 疑问Rattle 慌乱Roll Bounce 滚动弹跳Sequential Jump 连续跳Six —Shooter 六连发Slide Bounce 滑动弹跳Slip In out 滑入滑出Smokey 烟雾Squeeze 挤压Superhero 超级英雄Swing UP 上摆Twisty Ribbons 扭曲条带Twisty Ribbons 2 扭曲条带2 Vanishing point 消失点Wiggly Lines 扭摆线Yo — Yo 溜溜球（12）Multi — Line 多行Alphabet— Soup 字母汤Contract —Expand 缩短—扩展Currents 电流Datd Packet 数据包Datd Stream 数据流Dealer 经销商Encryption 加密Fly In By Characters 逐词飞入Fly In By Words 逐字飞入Front —Back 前—后Front Side —Back Side 前面—后面Ideas 意念Incoming 引入Jetstream 喷气流Jetstream 2 喷气流2 Multi — Line Flip 多行翻转Outgoing — Incoming 引出—引入Production 生产Pneumatic 气动Stack Right Left 左右堆叠Weekdays 星期Word Processor 字处理Zippy 喜悦（13）Organic 有机文字的各种特效预设及排列方式Paths 路径预设好的文字路径排列动画Rotation 旋转带旋转的文字的各种特效预设及排列方式类似OrganicScale 规模文字排列动画预设Tracking 跟踪文字动画字间距大小变换Transform 变换Separate XYZ position 分离XYZ轴位置Transitions —dissolves 过渡转场—叠化Block dissolve — digital 块溶解—数字化Block dissolve — random 块溶解—随机Block dissolve — scanlines 块溶解—扫描线Boxes— concentric NTSC 盒状—同轴NTSCBoxes —concentric PAL 盒状—同轴PALBoxes —random 1 NTSC 盒状—随机1 NTSCBoxes— random 1 PAL 盒状—随机1 PALBoxes— random 2 NTSC 盒状—随机2 NTSCBoxes —random 2 PAL 盒状—随机2 PALBoxes —random 3 NTSC 盒状— 随机3 NTSCBoxes — random 3 PAL 盒状— 随机3 PALBoxes —stroked NTSC 盒状—描边NTSCBoxes — stroked PAL 盒状—描边PAL Dissolve —blobs 叠化— 斑点 Dissolve —dither 叠化— 抖动 Dissolve —sand 叠化— 沙层 Dissolve —ripple叠化— 波纹Dissolve — unmelt 叠化— 非溶解 Dissolve —vapor叠化— 蒸汽Fade — dip to black 淡化— 淡入黑场Fade — flash to white 淡化—白色闪光Fade — overexposed 淡化— 感光过渡Ovals — concentric NTFS 椭圆形—同轴NTFSOvals — concentric PAL 椭圆形—同轴PALOvals — random 1 NTFS 椭圆形—随机1 NTSCOvals — random 1 PAL 椭圆形—随机1 PALOvals — random 2 NTFS 椭圆形—随机2 NTSCOvals — random 2 PAL 椭圆形—随机2 PALTransitions —movement 过渡转场—移动Card wipe — 2Dfractured 卡片擦除—2D 断裂Card wipe — 3D pixelstorm 卡片擦除—3D 像素风暴Card wipe 3Dswing 卡片擦除—3D 摇摆Fly to inset 飞动嵌入Slide —drop 滑动— 下降Slide — straight 滑动— 直接Slide — swoop 滑动—俯冲Slide — variable 滑动— 可变量Stretch ＆ blur 伸缩及模糊Stretch ＆ slide 伸缩及滑动Stretch — diagonal bottom 伸缩—下方对角线Stretch —diagonal top 伸缩—上方对角线 Stretch —horizontal伸缩—水平 Stretch —vertical伸缩— 垂直Stretch over — horizontal 上层伸缩—水平Stretch over — vertical上层伸缩—垂直Zoom — 2Dspin 缩放—2D 旋转Zoom — 3Dtumble 缩放—3D 翻滚Zoom — bubble 缩放—气泡Zoom — spiral 缩放— 漩涡Zoom — wobbling 缩放— 摇摆transitions —wipes 过渡转场—划变Band wipe —build NTSC 带状划变—构建NTSCBand wipe —build PAL 带状划变—构建PALBand wipe —Crossing NTSC 带状划变—交错NTSCBand wipe —Crossing PAL 带状划变—交错PALBand wipe —Zigzag NTSC 带状划变—锯齿NTSCBand wipe —Zigzag PAL 带状划变—锯齿PALBarn doors 遮光板Checker wipe—NTSC 方格划像—NTSCChecker wipe—PAL 方格划像—PALClam shell 蚌壳Clock Wipe 时钟划变Corner Reveal 拐角显示Grid wipe 网格划变Iris — Cross 形状划像—点交叉Iris — diamond 形状划像—菱形Iris — points 形状划像—十字Iris — round 形状划像—园Iris — Square 形状划像—方形Iris — Star 形状划像—星Iris —Star unfold 形状划像—星型绽开Iris — Sunburst 形状划像—云层空隙的阳光Iris —Sunburst unfold 形状划像—云层阳光绽开Linear wipe 线性划变Paint on —NTSC 涂抹—NTSCPaint on —PAL 涂抹—PALRadial wipe — bottom 径向划变—下Radial wipe — top 径向划变—上Venetian blinds 百叶窗Wedge wipe 楔形划变3D通道（3D Channel）•三维通道特效是基于特殊的二维图层上的特效，二维图层含有3D通道信息。

珍惜时间英语常用谚语时间是由分秒积成的，善于利用零星时间的人，才会做出更好的成绩来。

关于珍惜时间谚语有哪些好句子可以摘抄呢?接下来小编为大家整理了珍惜时间谚语，欢迎大家阅读!珍惜时间谚语1、枝上花开能几日，世上人生能几何。

The flower on the branch can bloom for several days, and the life in the world can be geometric.2、一人不会活两世，一天没有两个晨。

One person can't live two lives, one day without two mornings.3、放弃时间的人，时间也放弃他。

The person who gives up time, time also gives up him.4、赶路赶早不赶晚，时间能挤不能推。

If we can make the way sooner or later, can we push the time.5、事事及时做，一日胜三日。

Do everything in time, one day wins three days.6、未来的一天比过去的一年还要长。

The next day will be longer than the past.7、光阴似箭催人老，日月如梭赶少年。

Time flies like an arrow to make people grow old, and the speed of the day drives the youth.8、时间是最好的医生。

Time is the best doctor.9、岁月无情。

Years are merciless.10、河水泉源千年在，青春一去不再来。

The spring of the river has been here for thousands of years, and youth will never come again.11、桃花岁岁皆相似，人面年年不相同。

专业音频术语中英文对照L left 左（立体声系统的左声道）ENT enter 记录Enter 记入，进入，回车Entering 插入，记录Entry 输入数据，进入ENV envelope 包络线Envelopment 环绕感EOP electronic overload protection 电子过载保护EOP end of program 程序结束EOP end output 末端输出EOT end of tape 磁带尾端EP extend playing record 多曲目唱片EP extended play 长时间放录，密录EPG edit pulse generator 编辑脉冲发生器EPS emergency power supply 应急电源EQ equalization 均衡EQ equalizer 均衡器，均衡EQL equalization 均衡Equal-loudness contour 等响曲线Equipped 准备好的，已装备Equitonic 全音Equivalence 等效值Er early 早期的ER erect 设置ER error 错误，误差ERA earphone 耳机Erase 消除，消Eraser 抹去，消除Erasing 擦除，清洗Erasure 抹音ERCD extended resolution CD 扩展解析度CDEREQ erect equalizer 均衡器（频点）位置（点频补偿电路的中点频率）调整ERF early reflection 早期反射（声）Ernumber 早期反射声量Error 错误，出错，不正确ES earth swith 接地开关ES electrical stimulation 点激励Escqpe 退出ETER eternity 无限Euroscart 欧洲标准21脚A V连接器Event 事件EVF envelope follower 包络跟随器（音响合成装置功能单元）EX exchange 交换EX exciter 激励器EX expanding 扩展EXB expanded bass 低音增强EXC exciter 激励器EXCH exchange 转换Exclusive 专用的Excursion 偏移，偏转，漂移，振幅EXP expender 扩展器，动态扩展器EXP export 输出Exponential horn tweeter 指数型高音号角扬声器Expression pedalEXT extend 扩展EXT exterior 外接的（设备）EXT external 外部的，外接的EXT extra 超过EXTN extension 扩展，延伸（程控装置功能单元）Extract 轨道提出EXTSN extension 扩展，延伸（程控装置功能单元）表达踏板（用于控制乐器或效果器的脚踏装置）E early warning 预警E earth 真地，接地E error 错误，差错（故障显示）E-DRAW erasable direct after write 可存可抹读写存储器EA earth 地线，真地EAR early 早期（反射声）Earphone 耳机Earth terminal 接地端EASE electro-acooustic simulators for engineers 工程师用电声模拟器，计算机电声与声学设计软件Eat 收取信号EBU european broadcasting union 欧洲广播联盟EC error correction 误差校正ECD electrochomeric display 电致变色显示器Echo 回声，回声效果，混响ECL extension zcompact limitter 扩展压缩限制器ECM electret condenser microphone 驻极体话筒ECSL equivalent continuous sound level 等级连续声级ECT electronec controlled transmission 电控传输ED edit editor 编辑，编辑器Edge tone 边棱音Edit 编辑EDTV enhanced definition television 增强清晰度电视（一种可兼容高清晰度电视）EE errors excepted 允许误差Eensemble 合奏EFF effect efficiency 效果，作用Effector 操纵装置，效果器Effects generator 效果发生器EFM 8/14位调制法EFX effect 效果EG envelope generator 包络发生器EIA electronec industries association （美国）电子工业协会EIAJ electronic industries association Japan 日本电子工业协会EIN einstein 量子摩尔（能量单位）EIN equivalent input noise 等效输入噪声EIO error in operation 操作码错误Eject 弹起舱门，取出磁带（光盘），出盒EL electro luminescence 场致发光ELAC electroacoustic 电声（器件）ELEC electret 驻极体ELEC electronec 电子的Electret condenser microphone 驻极体话筒Electroacoustics 电声学ELF extremely low frequency 极低频EMI electro magnetic interference 电磁干扰Emission 发射EMP emphasispo 加重EMP empty 空载Emphasis 加重EMS emergency switch 紧急开关Emulator 模拟器，仿真设备EN enabling 启动Enable 赋能，撤消禁止指令Encoding 编码End 末端，结束，终止Ending 终端，端接法，镶边ENG engineering 工程ENG land 工程接地Engine 运行，使用Enhance 增强，提高，提升ENS ensemble 合奏ENS envelope sensation 群感Fix 确定，固定Fizz 嘶嘶声FL fluorescein 荧光效果Flange 法兰音响效果，镶边效果Flanger 镶边器Flanging 镶边Flash 闪光信号Flat noise 白噪声Flat tuning 粗调Flat 平坦，平直FLEX flexible cord 软线，塞绳FLEX frequency level expander 频率扩展器Flex 拐点FLEXWA VE flexible waveguide 可弯曲波导管FLG flanger 镶边器Flip 替换，调换Floating 非固定的，悬浮式的Floppy disc 软磁盘FLTR filter 滤波器Fluorescent display 荧光显示器Flute 长笛Flutter 一种放音失真，脉冲干扰，颤动FLW follow 跟踪，随动FL Y 均衡器FM fade margin 衰落设备FM frequency modulation 调频广播FM/SW telescopic rod aerial 调频/短波拉杆天线FO fade out 渐隐Focus 焦点，中心点Foldback 返送，监听Fomant 共振峰Foot（board）脚踏板（开关控制）Force 过载，强行置入Format 格式，格式化，规格，（储存器中的）信息安排Forward 转送FPR floating point routine 浮点程序FPR full power response 全功率响应FR frequency response 频率响应FR frequency 频率Frame 画面，（电视的）帧Frames 帧数Free echoes 无限回声（延时效果处理的一种）Free edge 自由折环（扬声器）Free 剩余，自由FREEQ frequency 频率Freeze 凝固，声音骤停，静止Frequency divider 分频器Frequency shifter 移频器，变频器Fricative 擦音Front balance 前置平衡Front process 前声场处理Front 前面的，正面的FRU field replaceable unit 插件，可换部件FS frequency shift 频移，变调FS full short 全景FT facility terminal 设备（输出）端口FT fine tuning 微调FT foot 脚踏装置FT frequency tracke 频率跟踪器FT function tist 功能测试FTG fitting 接头，配件FTS faverate track selection 最佳声迹选择Full auto 全自动Full effect recording 全效果录音Full range 全音域，全频Full 丰满，饱和F fast 快（速）F feedback 反馈F foot 脚踏（装置）F forward 向前F frequency 频率F function 功能F.&B. forward and back 前后F.B fiver by 清晰F.Rew fast rewind 快倒Fade in-out 淡入淡出，慢转换Fade up 平滑上升Fade 衰减（音量控制单元）Fader 衰减器Fader 衰减器，调音台推拉电位器（推子）Fading in 渐显Fading out 渐显Failure 故障Fall 衰落，斜度False 错误Fancier 音响发烧友Far field 远场Faraday shield 法拉第屏蔽，静电屏蔽FAS full automatic search 全自动搜索Fast 快速（自动演奏装置的速度调整钮）Fastener 接线柱，闭锁Fat 浑厚（音争调整钮）FatEr 丰满的早期反射Fattens out 平直输出Fault 故障，损坏FB feedback 反馈，声反馈FB fuse block 熔丝盒FBO feedback outrigger 反馈延伸FCC federal communications commission （美国）联邦通信委员会FD fade depth 衰减深度FD feed 馈入信号FDR fader 衰减器FeCr 铁铬磁带Feed 馈给，馈入，输入Feed/Rewind spool 供带盘/倒带盘Feeder 馈线Ferrite head 铁氧体磁头FET field effect technology 场效应技术FF fast forward 快进FF flip flop 触发器Ffactor 因子，因素，系数，因数FG flag generator 标志信号发生器FI fade in 渐进Field pickup 实况拾音Field 声场File 文件，存入，归档，数据集，（外）存储器Fill-in 填入FILT filter 滤波器FIN GND 接地片Final 韵母Fine 微调Finger 手指，单指和弦Fingered 多指和弦Finish 结束，修饰FIP digital frequency display panel 数字频率显示板FIR finite-furation impulse response 有限冲激响应（滤波器）Fire 启动G gate 门（电路）G ground 接地GA general average 总平均值Gain 增益，提衰量Game 卡拉OK音响效果Gamut 音域Gap 间隔，通道Gate 噪声门，门，选通Gated Rev 选通混响（开门的时间内有混响效果）GB 吉字节GD ground 接地Gear 风格，格调GEN generator （信号）发生器General 综合效果Generator 信号发生器GEQ graphie equalizier 图示均衡器Girth 激励器的低音强度调节Glide strip 滑奏条（演奏装置）GLLS-sando 滑降（演奏的效果）Global 总体设计GM genertal MIDI 通用乐器数字接器GND ground 地线，接地端GP group 编组Govern 调整，控制，操作，运转GPI general purpose interface 通用接口设备GPR general purpose receiver 通用接收机GR group 组合Gramophone 留声机，唱机Graphic equalizer 图示均衡器，图表均衡器GRND ground 接地Groove 光盘螺旋道的槽Group 编组（调音台），组Growler 线圈短路测试仪GT gate 门，噪声门GT gauge template 样板GTE gate 门（电路）GTR gate reverb 门混响Guard 保护，防护装置GUI graphical user interface 图形用户接口Guitar 吉它Guy 拉线Gymnasium 体育馆效果Gyrator 回旋器H hard 硬的（音响效果特征）H horizonal 水平（状态）H hot 热（平衡信号端口的“热端”）H.P headphone 头戴式耳机Hall 厅堂效果Handle 手柄，控制HAR harmonec 谐波Hard knee 硬拐点（压限器）Harmonic distortion 谐波失真Harmonic Generator 谐波发生器Harmonic 谐波Harmonize （使）和谐，校音Harmony 和谐Harp 竖琴Hash 杂乱脉冲干扰Hass effect 哈斯效应HD harmonic distortion 谐波失真HDCD high definition compatible digital 高分辨率兼容性数字技术HDTV hight definiton television 高清晰度电视Head azimuth 磁头方位角Head gap 磁头缝隙Head 录音机磁头，前置的，唱头Headphone 头戴式耳机Headroom 动态余量，动态范围上限，电平储备Headset 头带式耳机Hearing 听到，听觉Heat sink 散热板Heavy metel 重金属HeiFin 垂直微调Help （对程序的）解释HF high frequency 高频，高音HI band 高频带Hi hign 高频，高音Hi-BLEND 高频混合指示Hi-end 最高品质，顶级Hi-Fi high fidelity 高保真，高保真音响Hi-Z 高阻抗High cut 高切High pass 高通Highway 总线，信息通道Hiss 咝声HL half reverb 大厅混响Hoghorn 抛物面喇叭Hoisting 提升Hold 保持，无限延续，保持时间Hold-off 解除保持Holder 支架，固定架Home theatre 家庭影院Home 家庭，实用Horizontal 水平的，横向的Horn 高音号角，号筒，圆号Hornloaded 号角处理Hot 热端，高电位端Hour 小时Howling 啸叫声Howlround 啸叫HPA haas pan allochthonous 哈斯声像漂移HPF high pass filter 高通滤波器HQ high quality 高质量，高品位HQAD high quality audio disc 高品位音频光盘HR handing room 操作室HR high resistance 高阻抗（信号端子的阻抗特性）HRTF head-related transfer function 人脑相关转换功能HS head set 头戴式耳机HS hybrid system 混合系统HT home theater 家庭影院，家庭剧场Hubrid 混合网络，桥接岔路Hum and Noise 哼杂声，交流噪声Hum 交流哼声，交流低频（50Hz）噪声Humidity 湿度，湿气HUT homes using TV 家用电视HVDS Hi-visual dramatic sound 高保真现场感音响系统HX headroom extension 动态余量扩展（系统）（一种杜比降噪系统），净空延伸Hyper Condenser 超心型的HZ hertz 赫L left 左（立体声系统的左声道）ENT enter 记录Enter 记入，进入，回车Entering 插入，记录Entry 输入数据，进入ENV envelope 包络线Envelopment 环绕感EOP electronic overload protection 电子过载保护EOP end of program 程序结束EOP end output 末端输出EOT end of tape 磁带尾端EP extend playing record 多曲目唱片EP extended play 长时间放录，密录EPG edit pulse generator 编辑脉冲发生器EPS emergency power supply 应急电源EQ equalization 均衡EQ equalizer 均衡器，均衡EQL equalization 均衡Equal-loudness contour 等响曲线Equipped 准备好的，已装备Equitonic 全音Equivalence 等效值Er early 早期的ER erect 设置ER error 错误，误差ERA earphone 耳机Erase 消除，消Eraser 抹去，消除Erasing 擦除，清洗Erasure 抹音ERCD extended resolution CD 扩展解析度CDEREQ erect equalizer 均衡器（频点）位置（点频补偿电路的中点频率）调整ERF early reflection 早期反射（声）Ernumber 早期反射声量Error 错误，出错，不正确ES earth swith 接地开关ES electrical stimulation 点激励Escqpe 退出ETER eternity 无限Euroscart 欧洲标准21脚A V连接器Event 事件EVF envelope follower 包络跟随器（音响合成装置功能单元）EX exchange 交换EX exciter 激励器EX expanding 扩展EXB expanded bass 低音增强EXC exciter 激励器EXCH exchange 转换Exclusive 专用的Excursion 偏移，偏转，漂移，振幅EXP expender 扩展器，动态扩展器EXP export 输出Exponential horn tweeter 指数型高音号角扬声器Expression pedalEXT extend 扩展EXT exterior 外接的（设备）EXT external 外部的，外接的EXT extra 超过EXTN extension 扩展，延伸（程控装置功能单元）Extract 轨道提出EXTSN extension 扩展，延伸（程控装置功能单元）表达踏板（用于控制乐器或效果器的脚踏装置）E early warning 预警E earth 真地，接地E error 错误，差错（故障显示）E-DRAW erasable direct after write 可存可抹读写存储器EA earth 地线，真地EAR early 早期（反射声）Earphone 耳机Earth terminal 接地端EASE electro-acooustic simulators for engineers 工程师用电声模拟器，计算机电声与声学设计软件Eat 收取信号EBU european broadcasting union 欧洲广播联盟EC error correction 误差校正ECD electrochomeric display 电致变色显示器Echo 回声，回声效果，混响ECL extension zcompact limitter 扩展压缩限制器ECM electret condenser microphone 驻极体话筒ECSL equivalent continuous sound level 等级连续声级ECT electronec controlled transmission 电控传输ED edit editor 编辑，编辑器Edge tone 边棱音Edit 编辑EDTV enhanced definition television 增强清晰度电视（一种可兼容高清晰度电视）EE errors excepted 允许误差Eensemble 合奏EFF effect efficiency 效果，作用Effector 操纵装置，效果器Effects generator 效果发生器EFM 8/14位调制法EFX effect 效果EG envelope generator 包络发生器EIA electronec industries association （美国）电子工业协会EIAJ electronic industries association Japan 日本电子工业协会EIN einstein 量子摩尔（能量单位）EIN equivalent input noise 等效输入噪声EIO error in operation 操作码错误Eject 弹起舱门，取出磁带（光盘），出盒EL electro luminescence 场致发光ELAC electroacoustic 电声（器件）ELEC electret 驻极体ELEC electronec 电子的Electret condenser microphone 驻极体话筒Electroacoustics 电声学ELF extremely low frequency 极低频EMI electro magnetic interference 电磁干扰Emission 发射EMP emphasispo 加重EMP empty 空载Emphasis 加重EMS emergency switch 紧急开关Emulator 模拟器，仿真设备EN enabling 启动Enable 赋能，撤消禁止指令Encoding 编码End 末端，结束，终止Ending 终端，端接法，镶边ENG engineering 工程ENG land 工程接地Engine 运行，使用Enhance 增强，提高，提升ENS ensemble 合奏ENS envelope sensation 群感Fix 确定，固定Fizz 嘶嘶声FL fluorescein 荧光效果Flange 法兰音响效果，镶边效果Flanger 镶边器Flanging 镶边Flash 闪光信号Flat noise 白噪声Flat tuning 粗调Flat 平坦，平直FLEX flexible cord 软线，塞绳FLEX frequency level expander 频率扩展器Flex 拐点FLEXWA VE flexible waveguide 可弯曲波导管FLG flanger 镶边器Flip 替换，调换Floating 非固定的，悬浮式的Floppy disc 软磁盘FLTR filter 滤波器Fluorescent display 荧光显示器Flute 长笛Flutter 一种放音失真，脉冲干扰，颤动FLW follow 跟踪，随动FL Y 均衡器FM fade margin 衰落设备FM frequency modulation 调频广播FM/SW telescopic rod aerial 调频/短波拉杆天线FO fade out 渐隐Focus 焦点，中心点Foldback 返送，监听Fomant 共振峰Foot（board）脚踏板（开关控制）Force 过载，强行置入Format 格式，格式化，规格，（储存器中的）信息安排Forward 转送FPR floating point routine 浮点程序FPR full power response 全功率响应FR frequency response 频率响应FR frequency 频率Frame 画面，（电视的）帧Frames 帧数Free echoes 无限回声（延时效果处理的一种）Free edge 自由折环（扬声器）Free 剩余，自由FREEQ frequency 频率Freeze 凝固，声音骤停，静止Frequency divider 分频器Frequency shifter 移频器，变频器Fricative 擦音Front balance 前置平衡Front process 前声场处理Front 前面的，正面的FRU field replaceable unit 插件，可换部件FS frequency shift 频移，变调FS full short 全景FT facility terminal 设备（输出）端口FT fine tuning 微调FT foot 脚踏装置FT frequency tracke 频率跟踪器FT function tist 功能测试FTG fitting 接头，配件FTS faverate track selection 最佳声迹选择Full auto 全自动Full effect recording 全效果录音Full range 全音域，全频Full 丰满，饱和F fast 快（速）F feedback 反馈F foot 脚踏（装置）F forward 向前F frequency 频率F function 功能F.&B. forward and back 前后F.B fiver by 清晰F.Rew fast rewind 快倒Fade in-out 淡入淡出，慢转换Fade up 平滑上升Fade 衰减（音量控制单元）Fader 衰减器Fader 衰减器，调音台推拉电位器（推子）Fading in 渐显Fading out 渐显Failure 故障Fall 衰落，斜度False 错误Fancier 音响发烧友Far field 远场Faraday shield 法拉第屏蔽，静电屏蔽FAS full automatic search 全自动搜索Fast 快速（自动演奏装置的速度调整钮）Fastener 接线柱，闭锁Fat 浑厚（音争调整钮）FatEr 丰满的早期反射Fattens out 平直输出Fault 故障，损坏FB feedback 反馈，声反馈FB fuse block 熔丝盒FBO feedback outrigger 反馈延伸FCC federal communications commission （美国）联邦通信委员会FD fade depth 衰减深度FD feed 馈入信号FDR fader 衰减器FeCr 铁铬磁带Feed 馈给，馈入，输入Feed/Rewind spool 供带盘/倒带盘Feeder 馈线Ferrite head 铁氧体磁头FET field effect technology 场效应技术FF fast forward 快进FF flip flop 触发器Ffactor 因子，因素，系数，因数FG flag generator 标志信号发生器FI fade in 渐进Field pickup 实况拾音Field 声场File 文件，存入，归档，数据集，（外）存储器Fill-in 填入FILT filter 滤波器FIN GND 接地片Final 韵母Fine 微调Finger 手指，单指和弦Fingered 多指和弦Finish 结束，修饰FIP digital frequency display panel 数字频率显示板FIR finite-furation impulse response 有限冲激响应（滤波器）Fire 启动G gate 门（电路）G ground 接地GA general average 总平均值Gain 增益，提衰量Game 卡拉OK音响效果Gamut 音域Gap 间隔，通道Gate 噪声门，门，选通Gated Rev 选通混响（开门的时间内有混响效果）GB 吉字节GD ground 接地Gear 风格，格调GEN generator （信号）发生器General 综合效果Generator 信号发生器GEQ graphie equalizier 图示均衡器Girth 激励器的低音强度调节Glide strip 滑奏条（演奏装置）GLLS-sando 滑降（演奏的效果）Global 总体设计GM genertal MIDI 通用乐器数字接器GND ground 地线，接地端GP group 编组Govern 调整，控制，操作，运转GPI general purpose interface 通用接口设备GPR general purpose receiver 通用接收机GR group 组合Gramophone 留声机，唱机Graphic equalizer 图示均衡器，图表均衡器GRND ground 接地Groove 光盘螺旋道的槽Group 编组（调音台），组Growler 线圈短路测试仪GT gate 门，噪声门GT gauge template 样板GTE gate 门（电路）GTR gate reverb 门混响Guard 保护，防护装置GUI graphical user interface 图形用户接口Guitar 吉它Guy 拉线Gymnasium 体育馆效果Gyrator 回旋器H hard 硬的（音响效果特征）H horizonal 水平（状态）H hot 热（平衡信号端口的“热端”）H.P headphone 头戴式耳机Hall 厅堂效果Handle 手柄，控制HAR harmonec 谐波Hard knee 硬拐点（压限器）Harmonic distortion 谐波失真Harmonic Generator 谐波发生器Harmonic 谐波Harmonize （使）和谐，校音Harmony 和谐Harp 竖琴Hash 杂乱脉冲干扰Hass effect 哈斯效应HD harmonic distortion 谐波失真HDCD high definition compatible digital 高分辨率兼容性数字技术HDTV hight definiton television 高清晰度电视Head azimuth 磁头方位角Head gap 磁头缝隙Head 录音机磁头，前置的，唱头Headphone 头戴式耳机Headroom 动态余量，动态范围上限，电平储备Headset 头带式耳机Hearing 听到，听觉Heat sink 散热板Heavy metel 重金属HeiFin 垂直微调Help （对程序的）解释HF high frequency 高频，高音HI band 高频带Hi hign 高频，高音Hi-BLEND 高频混合指示Hi-end 最高品质，顶级Hi-Fi high fidelity 高保真，高保真音响Hi-Z 高阻抗High cut 高切High pass 高通Highway 总线，信息通道Hiss 咝声HL half reverb 大厅混响Hoghorn 抛物面喇叭Hoisting 提升Hold 保持，无限延续，保持时间Hold-off 解除保持Holder 支架，固定架Home theatre 家庭影院Home 家庭，实用Horizontal 水平的，横向的Horn 高音号角，号筒，圆号Hornloaded 号角处理Hot 热端，高电位端Hour 小时Howling 啸叫声Howlround 啸叫HPA haas pan allochthonous 哈斯声像漂移HPF high pass filter 高通滤波器HQ high quality 高质量，高品位HQAD high quality audio disc 高品位音频光盘HR handing room 操作室HR high resistance 高阻抗（信号端子的阻抗特性）HRTF head-related transfer function 人脑相关转换功能HS head set 头戴式耳机HS hybrid system 混合系统HT home theater 家庭影院，家庭剧场Hubrid 混合网络，桥接岔路Hum and Noise 哼杂声，交流噪声Hum 交流哼声，交流低频（50Hz）噪声Humidity 湿度，湿气HUT homes using TV 家用电视HVDS Hi-visual dramatic sound 高保真现场感音响系统HX headroom extension 动态余量扩展（系统）（一种杜比降噪系统），净空延伸Hyper Condenser 超心型的HZ hertz 赫兹I/F interface 接口I/O in/out 输入/输出（接口），信号插入接口I/OI/O input/output 输入/输出IC integrated circuit 集成电路ID identification 识别ID identify 标志Idle 空载的，无效果的IDTV improved definition television 改进清晰度电视系统IEC international electrical commission 国际电工委员会IEEE institute of electrical&electronic engineers 电气及电子工程师学会IF intermidiate frequency 中频的IHF the institute of high fidelity 高保真学会IIR infinite-duration impulse response 无限冲激响应IKA Interactive knee adapt 互调拐点适配，软拐点IM image 影象IM impulse modulation 脉冲调剂IMD intermodulation distortion 互调失真IMP impedance 阻抗IMP impedence 阻抗IMP interface message processor 接口信息处理机Improper 错误的IN inductor 感应器IN input 输入IN inverter 反演器，倒相器In phase 同相In/Out 加与不加选择（相当于旁路）开关，接通开关Inactive 暂停，失效的INC incoming 引入线INC increase 增高INCOM intercom 内部通话（系统）Increase 增加IND index 索引，标志，指数IND indicator 指示器Indicator 显示器，指示灯Indicator 显示器，指示器Indirect 间接Inductance 电感Induction 感应，引入INF infinite 无限大Infinite 无限的，非限定的Infra-red remote control 红外线遥控Infrared 红外线的INH inhibit 抑制，禁止Initial Delay 早期延时，初次延时Initial 声母，初始化Inject 注入，置入Inlead 引入线Inlet 引入线，插入In-line 串联的，在线的INP input 输入（端口）Input 输入INS insert 插入（信号），插入接口INSEL input select 输入选择INST instant 直接的，实时INST institution 建立，设置INST instrument 仪器，乐器instead of 替代Instrument 乐器Insulator 绝缘体INT intake 进入，入口INT intensity 强度，烈度INT interior 内部INT interrupter 断路器Integrated amplifier 前置-功率放大器，综合功率放大器Integrated 集成的，完全的Integrated 组合的Intelligate 智能化噪声门Intelligibility 可懂度Inter cut 插播Inter parameter 内部参数Interactie 相互作用，人机对话，软拐点Intercom 对讲，通话Interconnect 互相联系Interface 接口，对话装置Interference 干扰，干涉，串扰Interim 临时的，过渡特征Intermodulation distortion 交越失真Intermodulation 互调，内调制Internal 内存，对讲机Internally 在内部，内存Interplay 相互作用，内部播放Interval shifter 音歇移相器Interval 音高差别Intimacy 亲切感Intonation 声调INTRO introduction 介绍，浏览，引入，（乐曲的）前奏INTRO sacn 曲头检索（节目搜索）INTRO sensor 曲头读出器（节目查询）Introskip 内移，内跳INV invertor 倒相器，翻转器，反相器，变换器Inverse 倒相Inverseve Rev 颠倒式混响效果Invert 轮流，反转IPE integrated parameter editing 综合参量编辑IR infrared sensor 红外线传感器IROA impulse response optimum algorithm 脉冲响应最佳算法IS in service 不中断服务IS information separators 信息分隔字符ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织ISS insertion test signal 插入切换信号ISS interference suppression switch 干扰抑制开关ITS insertion test signal 插入测试信号IV interval 间隔搜索IV inverter 倒相器IWC interrupted wave 断续波J jack 插孔，插座，传动装置Jack socket 插孔Jaff 复干扰Jagg club 爵士乐俱乐部效果Jam 抑制，干扰Jamproof 抗干扰的Jazz 爵士JB junction box 接线盒JIS 日本工业标准Job 事件，作业指令，成品Jog 旋盘缓进，慢进，突然转向Joker 暗藏的不利因素，含混不清Joystick 控制手柄，操纵杆，摇杆JSS jet servo system 喷射伺服式重低音扬声器系统Jumper 跳线，条形接片Justify 调整K key 按键Karaoke 卡拉OK，无人伴奏乐队KB key board 键盘，按钮Kerr 克耳效应，（可读写光盘）磁光效应Key 键，按键，声调Keyboard 键盘，按钮Key control 键控，变调控制Keyed 键控Key EQ 音调均衡kHz Kiloherts 千赫兹Kikll 清除，消去，抑制，衰减，断开Killer 抑制器，断路器Kit 设定Knee 压限器拐点Knob 按钮，旋钮，调节器KP key pulse 键控脉冲KTV karaoke TV 拌唱电视（节目）KX key 键控L left 左（立体声系统的左声道）L line 线路L link 链路L long 长（时间）L.hall large hall 大厅效果LA laser 激光（镭射）Labial 唇音Lag 延迟，滞后Lamp 灯，照明灯Land 光盘螺旋道的肩，接地，真地Lap dissolve 慢转换Lapping SW 通断开关Large hall 大厅混响Large 大，大型Larigot 六倍音Laser 激光（镭射）Latency 空转，待机Launching 激励，发射Layer 层叠控制，多音色同步控制LCD liquid crystal display 液晶显示LCD projictor 液晶投影机LCR left center right 左中右LD laser vision disc 激光视盘，影碟机LD load 负载LDP input 影碟输入LDTV low definition television 低分辨率数字电视Lead 通道，前置，输入Lead-in 引入线Leak 漏泄Learn 学习LED light emitting deivce 发光辐射器，发光器件LED litht emitting diode 发光二极管（显示）Legato 连奏Length 字长，范围Lento 慢板Lesion 故障，损害Leslie 列斯利（一种调相效果处理方式）LEV level 电平LEVCON level control 电平控制Level 电平，水平，级LF low frequency 低频，低音LFB local feedback 本机反馈，局部反馈LFE lowfrequency response 低频响应LFO low frequency oscillation 低频振荡信号LGD long delay 长延时LH low high 低噪声高输出LH low noise high output 低噪声高输出磁带Lift up 升起Lift 提升（一种提升地电位的装置）Light switch 照明开关。