期末复习要点
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期末复习要点可数名词与不可数名词可数名词有单数与复数形式，不可数名词只有单数形式。
物质名词一般都不可数，如beer(啤酒)，tea(茶)，rice(米),wine(红酒)，money(钱)，snow(雪)，rain(雨)，meat(肉)，fog(雾)。
可数名词复数形式：（1）一般在单词末尾加-s, 如：book—books, egg—eggs, banner—banners,（2）以辅音字母加y 结尾的，把y改为I,再加-es, 如city—cities, company--companies （3）以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的加-es, 如：bus—buses, fox—foxes, match—matches,（4）辅音字母加o结尾的名词通常加-es构成复数形式，如：tomato—tomatoes, potato—potatoes, hero—heroes（5）以下几个以o结尾的单词，加-s构成复数形式：photo—photos, piano-pianos（6）以f, fe 结尾的，把f, fe 改为v，加es: knife—knives, wife—wives, leaf—leaves, wolf—wolves（7）一些名词的复数形式不规则，应记住：man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, sheep-sheep, child—children,询问不可数名词量的多少用how much,询问可数名词量的多少用how many, 如：How many days do you stay in Japan.?How much time do you spend in Japan?不可数名词须与动词的单数形式搭配，如：There is some rice in the cupboard.做书本199页练习3。
动词的现在分词形式一般加ing 如do—doing work---working study---studying以e结尾的去e加-ing 如make----making闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写末尾辅音字母再加—ing 如cut—cutting begin—beginning介词的用法at (在。
时刻)I have tea at breakfast time. (at lunchtime, at dinnertime)We open at seven and close at ten.From…to/from…till/between…and都用于表示某一段时间，但强调重点有所不同，from…to 表示“从。
到”，而from…till表示“从。
直到。
为止”，between…and表示“在。
之间”。
如We open from Monday to Friday.We open from May till September.We open between seven and ten.On 表示“在。
时候“，与日期，星期搭配使用。
如I leave on Monday 25th Novenber.He plays football on Saturday.In 表示“在。
期间“，与具体的年代，月份，季节或一天中的某个时段搭配使用。
如The postman comes in the mornings and in the afternoon.For (作为。
)She likes fish for breakfast. (for lunch, for dinner)In （在。
期间）I work in the morning. ( in the afternoon, in the evening)做书本236页练习7及166页上的练习4。
形容词及其反义词：dirty—clean big—small noisy—quiet cheap—expensive far—near dark—light fair—dark new—old tall—short fat—thin/slim stupid—clever talkative—quiet shy—confident friendly—unfriendly funny—serious wavy—straight safe—dangerous chaotic—well-organised warm—cool hot—cold easy---difficult fast---slow modern—old-fashioned loud--- quite crowded--empty terrible---greatSo do I/So am I/me too对他人的肯定意见表示同感，表“我也如此”I am enjoying the long summer evenings.So am I.（上句中用be 动词，故也用be 动词am）He is interested in computersSo am I.I think the parks are lovely.So do I.(上句中用的是实意动词，故答句中用助动词do.)I like watching Tv.So do I.I have a bath in the eveningsSo do I.如原句中用have got ,答句中要用have,如：He has got two brothers.So have I.I have got a big family.So have I.对别人肯定意见表示同感都可以用me too 来回答，如I like sports.Me too.Neither am I/Neither do I/ Neither have I该结构用于在对他人的否定意见表示有同感的句子里，表示自己也一样。
如：I don’t think English coffee is good.Neither I.I don’t have tea in the mornings.Neither do I.I am not going to the shops.Neither am I.I haven’t got a car.Neither have I.对别人的否定意见表示有同感也可以Me neither.来回答，如I don’t like this weather.Me neither.做书本157页上的练习7。
Some/any, much/many 的用法：Some和any都表示一些，但some 多用于肯定句，而any多用于否定和疑问句，如：I want some coffee. I have some good friends.She doesn’t have any brothers. Would you like to have any coffee?Much和many都表示“很多”，但much修饰不可数名词，而many多修饰可数名词复数，如：There are many books on the desk. There is much water in the bottle.做书本162页练习18，204页练习11。
How much…?和How many..?都询问多少，前者用于不可数名词，后者用于可数名词复数。
如：How many apples do you want? How much water shall I buy?做书本131页练习12，动词不定式及动名词的用法：某些动词后需接带to的不定式，某些需接动名词形式，某些动词两种形式都可以接，如：would like 后接to不定式：I would like to have some tea. Would you like to come to the dinner?做书本79页练习4。
What about 和How about 后接动名词，形式同动词现在分词一样。
What about taking a taxi?How about having a glass of wine?做书本80页练习6。
动词prefer (更喜欢) 后可接名词，其用法是：prefer +(较为喜欢的)+to（不太喜欢的）I prefer serious programmes to comedies. I like documentaries.To后可以是名词，也可以是动词-ing形式，如：I prefer watching TV to reading the paper.I prefer Italian food to Spanish food.动词like, love, hate(讨厌) 后可接动名词及to不定式，如：I like reading English newspapers.I love sitting in cafes and reading newspapers.I hate shopping and spending money.I love/like/prefer/hate to sit in cafes and read newspapers.需注意的是动词enjoy（喜欢）后只可以接动词的ing形式，如：I enjoy watching TV. She enjoys cooking.To be interested in（对。
感兴趣, to be good at （擅长于。
）和be keen on（对。
热心，喜欢。
）后都用名词，代词或是动词的-ing形式。
I am interested in visiting other countries. She is good at speaking French.He is keen on learning languages. He is keen on dancing.做书本149页练习14。
表示感觉的动词—ing 和-ed形式：描述情感的形容词中有一部分由动词的-ing 形式和-ed 形式转化而来，前者通常带有主动含义，表示让人怎么样，如interesting 表示让人感兴趣的，boring 表让人厌倦的。
-ed形式带被动含义，用来描述人的感觉，如interested表示人对什么感兴趣，bored表示人对什么厌倦了。
比较：The lesson was interesting.那堂可很有趣。
The students were intereted in studying English.学生们对学习英语感兴趣。
常见的此类形容词有：boring 令人厌倦的bored（by）对。
感到厌倦interesting 让人感兴趣的interested 对。
