Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted
Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter
B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote
Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition
Task 3 Translation
B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。
C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture.
2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster
one’s point of view.
3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice.
4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience.
5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.
6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech.
7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible.
8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly.
9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.
10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.
D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.
Task 2 V ocabulary Development
devastating posed massive contribute to triple menace liability consensus entails plausible
plausible portend pin down aggravating staggering
on a par with emergence resurgence detract from inadequacy
Task 3 Translation
B．能源和人类利益有着双重关系。人类历史发展长河中，由于利用能源成本低廉，人们主要关注能源和人类安康关系中有利的一面。然而，过去一百年以来人口以空前速度增长，引起了能源需求的激增，同时，人均工业能源需求亦急剧增长。因此，能源利用所需成本越来越高，无论是外延成本还是内涵成本。一方面，能源资源加速减少，能源供应所需投入越来越高；另一方面，相比之下，外延成本更加令人忧虑，原因是能源利用严重威胁大众健康和安全，不断破坏全球生态系统，并可能引发大规模军事冲突。
C．1. Energy use should benefit global sustainability so that it can contribute to long-term human well-being.
2. Today, this consensus has given way to a variety of family styles as a result of people living longer, marrying later , and divorcing more.
3. Much of the current research entails close collaboration with industry, which leads to a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas.
4. If we cannot pin down exactly what we are supposed to be managing, how can we manage it?
5. The magnitude of urban migration in recent years is evidence of more disturbing trends: the expanding gap between rich and poor, rapid population growth and increasing environmental degradation.
6. The students perceived that the toxicity testing of an insecticide is on a par with that of a cosmetic.
7. This presentation describes a large set of plausible goals, at least one of which should be achieved within years.
9. Even the very mediocre services and food at the beauty spot did not detract from the enjoyment of the tourists.
10. To finance her two daughters who are both at college, she began making handicraft to augment the family income.
D. It is difficult to quantify the total contribution of all these factors to the monetary costs of energy supply, in part because factors not related to the environment are often entwined with environmental ones. For example, construction delays have been caused not just by regulatory constraints but also by problems of engineering, management and quality control. Nevertheless, in the US, environmental impacts have increased the monetary costs of supplying petroleum products by at least 25 percent during the past 20 years, and the costs of generating electricity from coal and nuclear power by 40 percent or more.
