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Unit 4 翻译环保的当今时代是约半个世纪之久。
那段时间意识不断壮大，我们所面临的挑战知识增加，而重要的实践已经取得了进展，例如在一些减少各种污染，并在建立保护区。
我们是，但是，仍然由协调人什么我们的星球能提供可持续的要求很远。
人与自然之间的不平衡的后果是出现在改变地球的气候，动物和植物的势头，并在关键的资源，包括野生鱼类资源，淡水和土壤的枯竭的大灭绝。
而这些环境压力不是一成不变的。
他们不断升级，随着我国人口的增长和国家继续为更多的经济增长的不懈追求。
如果我们要避免这些趋势的最严重后果则毫无疑问是较为迅速的进展将需要比迄今取得的，但我们在这里应该关注我们的努力？什么可能是在未来的半个世纪行动的优先领域？这让我感到眼前的主要挑战主要不是相对于良好的信息，更好的技术和良好的政策思路。
这些东西是至关重要的当然的，但所有这些东西都已经可用。
我们知道如何让清洁电力，节约资源，培育生物多样性。
我们知道如何规范污染，防止损坏的生态系统，如果我们想。
我们有这些能力的事实是不够的。
如果我们继续前进的决定性方式的争论它需要被重新定义。
我们需要从“做正确的事'上移动，谈到风险管理，促进抗灾能力。
要查看关爱地球的自然系统为某种道德选择的是完全误解了危机，我们都在这个挑战是关于人类社会的未来，而不是一些可选的慈善事业，我们可以留给慈善事业慷慨解囊，做社会改良。
嵌入了使我们从保护自然的人们保护自然为人们的叙述是这样的重新规划的重要组成部分。
我们正处在一个时期的后果，世界必须知道，健康的本质不是一些可选的精密而是一组不可缺少的物质资产。
如果这样的叙述是为了获得实际效果再想找性质后必须立即被看作不仅是一个环境的挑战，也是一个经济问题。
只要我们继续滑向两个方向行进，一方面是促进环保目标的同时，对其他直接矛盾与措施，以实现更多的经济增长，我们不再将无法取得真正的进展。
当涉及到经济学和生态学有大量的好思已经完成。
例如，在不同的经济措施，以取代成功与失败，生态税的改革更为现实的措施，收入转移的负担，污染，生态系统服务补偿，补贴的重定向和如何调动国内生产总值的原油措施融资以扩大清洁行业。
Unit 4 翻译环保的当今时代是约半个世纪之久。
那段时间意识不断壮大，我们所面临的挑战知识增加，而重要的实践已经取得了进展，例如在一些减少各种污染，并在建立保护区。
我们是，但是，仍然由协调人什么我们的星球能提供可持续的要求很远。
人与自然之间的不平衡的后果是出现在改变地球的气候，动物和植物的势头，并在关键的资源，包括野生鱼类资源，淡水和土壤的枯竭的大灭绝。
而这些环境压力不是一成不变的。
他们不断升级，随着我国人口的增长和国家继续为更多的经济增长的不懈追求。
如果我们要避免这些趋势的最严重后果则毫无疑问是较为迅速的进展将需要比迄今取得的，但我们在这里应该关注我们的努力？什么可能是在未来的半个世纪行动的优先领域？这让我感到眼前的主要挑战主要不是相对于良好的信息，更好的技术和良好的政策思路。
这些东西是至关重要的当然的，但所有这些东西都已经可用。
我们知道如何让清洁电力，节约资源，培育生物多样性。
我们知道如何规范污染，防止损坏的生态系统，如果我们想。
我们有这些能力的事实是不够的。
如果我们继续前进的决定性方式的争论它需要被重新定义。
我们需要从“做正确的事'上移动，谈到风险管理，促进抗灾能力。
要查看关爱地球的自然系统为某种道德选择的是完全误解了危机，我们都在这个挑战是关于人类社会的未来，而不是一些可选的慈善事业，我们可以留给慈善事业慷慨解囊，做社会改良。
嵌入了使我们从保护自然的人们保护自然为人们的叙述是这样的重新规划的重要组成部分。
我们正处在一个时期的后果，世界必须知道，健康的本质不是一些可选的精密而是一组不可缺少的物质资产。
如果这样的叙述是为了获得实际效果再想找性质后必须立即被看作不仅是一个环境的挑战，也是一个经济问题。
只要我们继续滑向两个方向行进，一方面是促进环保目标的同时，对其他直接矛盾与措施，以实现更多的经济增长，我们不再将无法取得真正的进展。
当涉及到经济学和生态学有大量的好思已经完成。
例如，在不同的经济措施，以取代成功与失败，生态税的改革更为现实的措施，收入转移的负担，污染，生态系统服务补偿，补贴的重定向和如何调动国内生产总值的原油措施融资以扩大清洁行业。
U1Text A(1) Contrary to what they predicted,the disease broke out and killed thousands of people.与他们的预测相反，病情爆发并且夺去了数千人的生命。
(2) Without receiving her reply as scheduled he regarded it as implicit acceptance.没有如期收到她的回复，他认为她已经默认了。
(3) He repeated his assertion that he was not guilty in front of the jury in court.法庭之上，他在陪审团面前重申了他无罪的声明。
(4) Using the Internet,he was able to look up information on a terrible disease torturing his wife.他可以运用互联网查找一种折磨他妻子的可怕疾病的信息。
(5) The young man adapted well to the city life and his new environment.这个年轻人非常适应城市生活和新环境。
(6) There is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere to sustain plant life.月球大气中没有足够的氧气来维持植物的生命。
7) What you prepare for your speech,be sure to cite unbiased qualified sources.当你在准备演讲时，一定要引用不偏不倚并且得到允许的信息源。
(8) In the course of children’s language acquisition,adults should pay attention to grammar. 在儿童学习语言的过程中，大人们应该注意语法。
第一单元经济学Text A感谢“看不见的手”杰夫·雅各比英国清教徒建立普利茅斯殖民地后经历了他们的第一次大丰收，从那以后，感恩全能的上帝就一直是感恩节的主题……今天，全美数百万的家庭，都在感激上帝所赠与的众多礼物——桌上的盛宴、所爱之人的陪伴、过去一年的健康和好运、战争时期国内的和平、作为一个美国人或成为一个美国人所拥有的不可估量的优越感。
但我们中的大多数人不太可能感恩当地超市在本周出售了很多降价火鸡。
即使是虔诚的信徒们，也不太可能感恩那些让他们所爱之人得以回家共度佳节的航班时刻表，或者是感恩当地的影院在周末及时上映了《怒海争锋：极地远征》，又或者是感恩报纸的食物版块刊登了美味的蔓越莓苹果派的食谱。
或多或少我们都会觉得这些事情是理所当然的。
百货商店会在感恩节前储备火鸡，或者好莱坞在长假期时及时上映大片这些都不需要用奇迹来解释。
这一切都是自然而言的。
可上帝在其中扮演了什么角色呢？然而在你因无数陌生人奉献了技能和劳动而得以度过的感恩节周末里，难道就没有什么事让你感到奇妙——甚至几乎无法解释吗？例如，把火鸡端到餐桌上，需要成千上万人的努力——当然，有养鸟的禽类农场主，也有给它们提供营养的饲料批发商和把它们带到农场的卡车司机，更不用说还有设计孵化场的建筑师，建造它的工人，以及维持它运行的技术人员。
这只火鸡不得不经历宰杀、拔毛、检查、运输、卸载、包装、定价和展示。
完成这些任务的人又依次由完成其他任务的人配合支持——从提炼货车燃料汽油到制造包装肉类的塑料。
这些遍布各行各业的男男女女在过去的几个月里精准设计和安排时间，以便当你去买新鲜的感恩节火鸡时，就会买到一只或者多只——甚至还有几十只在等着你选购。
实现这一过程所需的合作水平之高令人难以置信。
但更令人难以置信的是：这整个过程都没有一个人去统筹协调。
并没有什么火鸡独裁者坐在某个指挥所，商议总体规划并发号施令。
没有人会监督那些人，迫使他们为你的利益而合作。
Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adaptedSustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutterB bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdoteCredentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtapositionTask 3 TranslationB.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。
通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。
发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。
在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。
C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture.2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolsterone’s point of view.3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice.4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience.5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech.7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible.8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly.9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.Task 2 V ocabulary Developmentdevastating posed massive contribute to triple menace liability consensus entails plausibleplausible portend pin down aggravating staggeringon a par with emergence resurgence detract from inadequacyTask 3 TranslationB．能源和人类利益有着双重关系。
季佩玉、范烨学术英语答案 1.2.3.4.7Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary 1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商 2. 为他自己的收益而工作 3. 技能与劳动力 4. 制造塑料 5. 私人交易 6. 包装并定价 7. 无形之手 1. priced 2. labor 3. transactions 4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1.Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone b y, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become — American(Line 2, Para.1). 2. And yet, isn't there something wonderous, — something almost inexplicable in the way your T hanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (L ine 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, — or more likely, a few dozen— waiting. (Line 3, Pa ra.6)Task 3/Formal English1.very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubled Unit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1: 1)无形之手； 2）自由企业制度 3）股东 4）经济体制 5）开发产品和服务 6）市场力量；市场调节作用 7）金融机构 8）严重衰退 9）破产 10）mission 11）stock price 12）corporate motto 13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2： 1)market forces 2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions 5）invisible hand 6）stockholder 7）profit maximization 8） economic systemTask 2： 1.and； 2.Another； 3. also； 4. Not only； but； 5. otherTask 3 1. understanding； 2. agree with； 3. forces… to be accepted; 4. bad 5. purpose 6. charita ble 7. given; 8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocation Part 1:1)充满敬畏与感激； 2）与外部世界隔离 3）陷入绝境 4）易感抑郁 5）恢复体能 6）界定性特征 7）暂时的挫败 8）不因挫败而心烦意乱 9）竞选权位 10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated 3）squabble 4）aptitude 5）platitude 6）debilitate 7）reassuring 8） undermine 9）ruminate 10）martialTask 21.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way 7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language building Task 1: collocation Part 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. ma ke clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏 10. 扩大清洁产业 11. 集体世界观 12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nat ure for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as no t only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on t he one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more econo mic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language 1. unchangeable; increasing 2. control3. effort; charitable 4. pleasant det ail 5. complicated 6. change 7. Changing 8. importantUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 1 1. -h 2.-f 3.-a 4.-j 5.-i 6.-b 7.-d 8.-g 9.-c 10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predicto r of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and en courage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时） emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different inte rpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hoursa week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble job recrafted： turnedHe might be doing a humble job， but he would turn it into a great mission 4. entails：requires A career requires more devotion to work 5. contributing to：being beneficial to connotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the p ublic and brings benefits to our society,and therefore it'squite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefs。
《学术英语综合》季佩英版课文翻译感谢看不见的手感谢全能的上帝是感恩节的主题，自从清教徒带来了他们的第一批丰收的朝圣者...直到今天，在全国数以百万计的家庭中，上帝会感谢许多礼物、餐桌上的盛宴和亲属的陪伴、健康和好运，在过去的一年里，和平的家庭，生来或成为美国人获得了无数特权。
但这可能不会发生，因为我们太感谢了。
本周当地超市有很多火鸡出售。
尽管不虔诚地感谢上帝的飞行安排，一些亲戚还是飞回家过感恩节。
或者让当地电影院掌握周末时间和(电影名称)的到来。
或者报纸上蓝莓苹果派食谱的食物部分。
这些事情我们或多或少都认为是理所当然的这几乎不需要奇迹来解释为什么感恩节前杂货店的存货是火鸡存货，或者为什么好莱坞电影在假期上映。
这就是他们所做的然而，上帝在哪里呢？在你的感恩节周末里，没有什么是美妙的——几乎无法解释的——对许多陌生人来说，技能和劳动是可能的火鸡餐桌，例如，家禽饲养者饲养的鸟，需要成千上万的人努力工作，当然，也为卡车司机提供营养和饲料经销商，卡车司机把它带到农场，更不用说由建筑师设计的孵化场，建造它的工人，以及保持它运转的技术人员这只鸟已经被宰杀、拔毛，运输和卸载袋的价格也已经被检查和展示完成这些任务的人是由其他人的军队完成的，其他人完成了其他任务——从提炼汽油、加油车到制作塑料肉包。
无数的活动在结婚几个月后，远方的男人和女人必须精心设计和精确计时，这样才能有一种或多种可能，有几十种可能等着你去买新鲜的感恩节火鸡。
协调的程度，关闭它的需要令人难以置信。
但是更不可思议的是没有协调没有哪个火鸡沙皇坐在指挥所里，查阅主人的程序。
命令人们四处走动没有人能驾驭所有的人，迫使他们为了你的利益而合作。
然而，他们合作了当你到达超市时，那里有四只火鸡你不需要做任何事情，但是如果你买了它，这是一个奇迹。
我们应该叫它什么？亚当·斯密称之为“看不见的手”，这导致了无数为自己的利益而工作的人的神秘力量，他们为达到目的而努力，并从中受益匪浅。
Unit 1CThe younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture、In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view、An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice、By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience、The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing、When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech、When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible、A good method of delivering a speech will improve its qualityand will help convey the speaker’s ideas clearly and interestingly、You should not blindly use a word that your are not sure about, and it you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary、Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience、If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful、英译汉：发言提纲就是有效发言得基础。
New winds blowing in applied mathematicsPhilip J.DavisHow would you complete this sentence:”this is the age of...”Every generation of writers has filled in the dots not only for their own age,but for selected past ages.In1947,the poet W.H.Auden wrote that his was“the age of anxiety”.Around1970,song writers,pulling on astrological beliefs,called it“The age of Aquarius,”an age of love and human kindness.More recently,psychiatrist Daniel Freeman wrote that this is“The age of Paranoia”with distrust and optical surveillance everywhere.We answer according to our experiences.I would fill in the dots by saying that this is the age of computers,or more sharply,the age of mathematizaions.The computer is the prime and driving mechanism of the age and in all computer applications there resides some sort of mathematical construction.It is an age when applied mathematizations affect us all, for good,for bad,for somewhere in between,and these effects may not develop or become apparent for some while.Mathematics is now so universally employed that its teaching cannot be encompassed in one department.CAD/CAM(computer aided design/manufacture)is now in dentistry.Does the dentistry development require engineering talent?Should its techniques be taught in an engineering department?One can truly wonder what courses should comprise the basic training for the applied mathematician or computer scientist.I have spent a good fraction of my professional life in what might be termed“a traditional department of applied mathematics”.by“traditional”I mean a department that stresses the mathematics that models physical phenomena,or to a lesser extent, that models social phenomena via statistics.The word“traditional”cal also be explicated by noting the specific courses that are given in such a department.In my department at Brown University,for example,there are graduate courses in biophysical models,genomics,operations research,statistical inference,dynamical systems,and fluids.This represents a change from a half century ago,when my department was a renowned research center for solid mechanics:elasticity,plasticity, rheology,etc.The word“traditional”can also be explicated by the well-known paradigmatics sequence:Description-prediction-comparison-re tinkering the description.But there is now another type of applied mathematics whose paradigm is:Prescription-adoption-surveillance and societal evaluation-re prescription.Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extend from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:The speed limit on a highway.The mandatory retirement age for particular occupations.The scoring system for football.An algorithm for determining the“pecking order”of colleges.The old”point system”for determining the quality of a mortgage application.The presidential electoral system in the USAA national tax systemNational and international financial system.This list could go on and on.Society may adopted a mathematical prescription,but its acceptance is more provisional or tentative than,e.g.,Newtonian mechanics.There is yet another kind of mathematics by prescription that derives from human behavior and that is the product of a large cadre of professional s whom the journalist and investigative reporter Stephen Baker ha termed“the Numerati”.who are“the Numerati”?A secret society?No,they are mathematicians,computer scientists,engineers,physicists,economists,biologists,psychologists,linguists and data miners.In fact,anyone who consciously devises or uses algorithms that extract patterns from the behavior of individuals,individual or collective,whose uses then have a direct impact on their personal lives.Admittedly,this is rather vague,but is will clarity a bit as I go on and mention a few of the many examples that Baker gives:A name identifying company using linguistic analysis can tell you whether Mr. Chang is the same fellow as Mr.Tchang,or even Mr.Tchung.A company keeps shopping and lifestyle data of some200million Americans. The company buys just about every bit of data about us that is cold,and then sells selections of it.Another company quietly amasses court rulings,tax and real estate transactions, birth and death notices so as to enhance,among other things,law and child support enforcement,public safety and health care.Yet another company divides the electorate into10groups with characteristic voting patterns so as to help political parties get the swing voters onto their bandwagon.Some of these compilation and analyses,even now,go on silently andautomatically.We are typecast as we sit innocently before our screen and surf of when we use a credit card to buy our weekly groceries.The products of the Numerati can run from socially benign and useful to worrisome to scary.The principal worry is the loss of personal privacy.What formal mathematical knowledge is required to install such mathematizations?If can be anything from the very simple to the very advanced. Technically speaking,what goes on here is part of field of learning/computational statistics,a very hot area in applied mathematics,and computer science.The useful formal training would include:linear algebra,mulch-variable calculus,optimization, probability,statistics,on the mathematics side.On the CS side,it would include algorithms and database theory.Specialized knowledge of the particular domain is of course necessary.In a sense,all applications of math are ultimately prescriptive,but I’m concerned here with mathematics that,once prescribed,creates a brand-new milieu as opposed to mathematics that describes or models an existing often physical milieu.In a perceptive1946article,the French polymath Paul Valery,pointed out that with Volta’s1800discovery of the electric current and invention of the battery, science entered a new phase wherein it created and described absolutely new phenomena as opposed to phenomena that pre-existed.By the same token,applied mathematics which has hitherto been concerned with pre-existing phenomena,is now, via the work of the Numerati,creating new(and largely social)phenomena,this adds fuel to the social constructivist view of mathematics as explicated by Paul Ernest in his many works.Over the years,i may very well have trained students is applied mathematics who have happily,productively and lucratively,entered the ranks of the Numerati. There are fortunes to be made in the numerocratic domains and the young people are aware of it.the low-hanging fruit in engineering may now have all been plucked.To go froward with schemes,e.g.creating sufficient quantities of clean energy may be difficult whereas creating successful new data-mining applications is comparatively easy.And we must deal with its consequences,many of which will be unintended.Mathematics is a very adaptable,very universally applicable language and for this reason it should be invoked with caution.Part of mathematical education of the future should be to inculcate caution lest we fall into the complaint of Caliban:”You have given me language,and my profit on’t is I know how to curse.”（1136words)应用数学的新风Philip J.Davis你将如何完成这句话:“这是一个……时代”每一个时代的作家都在省略号处填上不不同的内容，不仅仅是他们自己的年龄。
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between ???3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
学术综合英语课后答案1-8单元U1Text A(1) Contrary to what they predicted,the disease broke out and killed thousands of people.与他们的预测相反，病情爆发并且夺去了数千人的生命。
(2) Without receiving her reply as scheduled he regarded it as implicit acceptance.没有如期收到她的回复，他认为她已经默认了。
(3) He repeated his assertion that he was not guilty in front of the jury in court.法庭之上，他在陪审团面前重申了他无罪的声明。
(4) Using the Internet,he was able to look up information ona terrible disease torturing his wife.他可以运用互联网查找一种折磨他妻子的可怕疾病的信息。
(5) The young man adapted well to the city life and his new environment.这个年轻人非常适应城市生活和新环境。
(6) There is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere to sustain plant life.月球大气中没有足够的氧气来维持植物的生命。
7) What you prepare for your speech,be sure to cite unbiased qualified sources.当你在准备演讲时，一定要引用不偏不倚并且得到允许的信息源。
(8) In the course of children’s language acquisition,adults should pay attention to grammar. 在儿童学习语言的过程中，大人们应该注意语法。
学术英语综合答案【篇一：研究生学术综合英语课后翻译答案】ective speeches. by outlining, you make sure that related ideas are together, that your thoughts flow from one to another, and that the structure of your speech is coherent. you will probably use two kinds of outlines for your speeches—the detailed preparation outline and the brief speaking outline. in a preparation outline, you should state your specific purposeand central idea, and identify main points and sub-points using a consistent pattern, the speaking outline should consist ofbrief notes to help you while you deliver the speech. it should contain key words or phrases to bolster you memory. inmaking up your speaking outline, follow the same visual framework used in your preparation outline, keep the speaking outline as brief as possible and be sure it is plainly legible.演讲要有效，提纲很重要。
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wonderous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen —waiting. (Line3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1) 无形之手；2) 自由企业制度3) 股东4) 经济体制5) 开发产品和服务6) 市场力量；市场调节作用7) 金融机构8) 严重衰退9) 破产10) mission11) stock price12) corporate motto13) assets14) maximize profits15) financial systemPart 2：1) market forces2) financial institutions3) free enterprise system4) deep institutions5) invisible hand6) stockholder7) profit maximization8) economic system Task 2：1. and；2. Another ；3. also；4. Not only ；but ；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with ；3. forces⋯to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8. famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2) 与外部世界隔离3) 陷入绝境4) 易感抑郁5) 恢复体能6) 界定性特征7) 暂时的挫败8) 不因挫败而心烦意乱9) 竞选权位10) 吹着欢快的曲调Part 2： 1)bout 3) squabble 5) platitude 7) reassuring 9) ruminateTask 2：1. contrasting ；2.in contrast ；3. However ；4. different ；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7. howeverTask 31. full of ；2.becomes alert and energetic 3.keeping thinking about 4.been left in hopelessness 5.likely to suffer from 6.not disturbed 7.saying something that people are quite familiar with 8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观2) validated4) aptitude6) debilitate8) undermine10) martial12. 生态经济Part 2： 1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2. behave as if you understand3. what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist A phenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2. spiritual3. behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6. mentally⋯,classified ⋯This class of ⋯The class of ⋯⋯ a less severe label⋯The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2. we have broken the distinction between the first type of response3. for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems: ⋯(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the many examples that Baker gives: ⋯(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one ' s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2. -f3. -a4. -j5. -i6. -b7. -d8. -g9. -c10. -ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor ofa person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “ what work is about ”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV program Task 2：1. The present perfect tense (现在完成时) emphasizes that people ' s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3. The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “ calling ” in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling ：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job ：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job ，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to ：being beneficial toconnotation ：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society ，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7. political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second6. final7. not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledTask 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
