chapter 1 homework

济南⼤学计算机专业英语第⼀章答案Homework of Chapter One1. Chapter 1 Multiple ChoiceSelect the best answer for each question below. When you are finished, check your answers by clicking the 'Check Answers' button at the bottom of the page.1. People, procedures, software, hardware, and data are the five parts of a(n)competency systemcomputer systeminformation system?software system2. Procedures are typically documented in manuals written bycomputer specialists?end usersMicrosoftservice providers3. Which of the following is an example of connectivity?datahard diskInternet?power cord4. Windows 7 is an example of a(n)application softwarebrowseroperating system?shareware5. The most powerful type of computer.mainframe computersmicrocomputersminicomputerssupercomputers?6. The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called thekeyboardmicroprocessor?monitormouse7. These devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process.displayinput?outputpointer8. A DVD is an example of a(n)hard diskoptical disc?output devicesolid-state storage device9. This type of file is created by word processors.worksheetdocument?databasepresentation10. Many experts are predicting that this revolution is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.graphicsinputmemorywireless?2. Chapter 1 MatchingMatch the definitions with the terms in the box to the right by entering the letter for each term next to its correct definition below.1. e Guidelines people follow when using software.2. f Consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work.3.i Software that enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware.4.h The most powerful type of computer.5. a The least powerful and most widely used type of computer.6.c Translates the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand.7. g Holds data and programs even after electrical power to the system has been turned off.9. d A type of handheld computer.10. j The largest network in the world.3. Chapter 1 Open-Ended Questions⑴. Explain the five parts of an information system. What part do people play in this system?An information system typically consists of: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity. Information systems are used by people in order to increase productivity. Procedures are rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Software is a program that contains the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work.Hardware consists of the physical equipment that processes the data to create information. Data consists of raw unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds. Almost all of today's computer systems add an additional part to the information system. This part, called connectivity,typically uses the Internet and allows users to greatly expand the capability and usefulness of their information systems.⑵. What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software?System software is “b ackground” software that enables the application software to interact with the computer. System software consists of the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators. It works with application software to handle the majority of technical details.⑶. Define and compare basic and specialized application software.- Describe some different types of basic applications.- Describe some types of specialized applications.Basic or general-purpose applications are widely used in a large number of careers. One of these general-purpose applications is a browser to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet. Other basic applications are word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics.Specialized applications are programs that are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Some of the best known are multimedia, Web authoring, graphics, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence.⑷. Describe the different types of computers.- What is the most common type?- What are the types of microcomputers?There are four types of computers: supercomputers, mainframe computers, midrange and microcomputers. Microcomputers are the least powerful, yet the most widely used type of computer. There are four types of microcomputers: desktop computers, notebooks, tablets, and handheld computers.⑸. What is connectivity? What are wireless devices and the wireless revolution? What is a computer network? What are the Internet and the Web? What is cloud computing?Connectivity is the capability of the microcomputer to use information from the world beyond one’s desk. Data and information can be sent over telephone or cable lines and through the air so that computers can talk to each other and share information.Wireless devices are wireless mouse, wireless network card and wireless modem etc. Wireless revolution is a revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.Computer network is a communication system connecting two or more computers and their peripheral devices to exchange information and share resources.Internet is a huge computer network available to everyone with a microcomputer and a means to connect to it. It is the actual physical network made up of wires, cables, and satellites as opposed to the Web, which is the multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet.Cloud computing is that data are stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere the Internet can be accessed.4. Chapter 1 True / False Questions1.The parts of an information system are: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity.True False2.The purpose of software is to convert data into information.True False3.Software is another name for a program or programs.True False4.To be a competent computer user, you must understand the essentials of information technology (IT).True False5.Application software is "background" software which helps the computer manage its own internal resources.True False6.System software is a collection of programs.True False7.Antivirus software is a Windows utility that is unnecessary as long as you are careful browsing the Internet.True False8.System software might be described as end user software.True False9. A browser is an example of system software.True False10.Another name for a midrange computer is server.True False5. Chapter 1 Fill in the Blank Questions/doc/cbd927c90812a21614791711cc7931b764ce7be5.html puter _competency_ refers to acquiring computer-related skills.2. In an information system, the rules or guidelines for people to follow are called _procedures_.3. _Hardware_ is the component of the information system that is described as the equipment that processes data to create information.4. The component of the information system that is described as raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, is called _ data_.5. _System software_ is a collection of programs that helps the computer manage its own resources and enables application software to interact with computer hardware.6. _Device drivers_ are classified under system software and are specialized programs designed to allow input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.7. Application software can be categorized as either general-purpose applications, specialized applications or _ mobile_ applications.8. The general-purpose application used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet is called a _ browser_.9. _Mainframe_ computers are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.10. The four types of microcomputers are: _desktop_ computers, notebooks, tablets, and handheld computers.（注：⽂档可能⽆法思考全⾯，请浏览后下载，供参考。

Unit1 Body languageDebbie and Simon have part-time jobs at a travel agency.It is Saturday morning.They are at work in the office.黛比和西蒙在一家旅行社做兼职工作。

这是星期六上午，他们在办公室工作。

Debbie and Simon looked up as a well-dressed lady entered.The lady glanced at them both,and then walked over to Debbie.Debbie greeted her cheerfully.‘Hello,’the lady said.’I want to go by train from Shenzhen to Guangzhou..’当一位妆扮很好的女士进来的时候，黛比和西蒙抬起头。

这位女士扫视了一下他们两人，然后朝黛比走了过去。

黛比欢快地向她打招呼，‘您好’，女士说，‘我想乘火车从深圳去广州。

’Simon sighed.Mr Young, a senior employee,was standing beside him.‘What’s up,Simon?You don’t look very happy.’西蒙叹气。

杨先生（一位高级职员）站在他旁边。

他问：‘西蒙，你怎么了，你看上去不高兴。

’‘The customers always prefer Debbie to me.I can’t understand it.‘I can. It’s the way you communicate.’客户们总是更喜欢黛比，我无法理解它。

‘我知道，是你的交流的方式。

’‘How can that be?’ Simon asked. ‘I don’t even get a chance to speak to them.’‘怎么可能呢？’西蒙问，‘我甚至没有机会去与他们交谈。

Homework for Chapter One1.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countriesbecausea. the United States is a relatively large country.b. the United States is a "Superpower.”c. the United States invests in many other countries.d. many countries invest in the United States.Answer: A2.An important insight of international trade theory is that whencountries exchange goods and services with the other ita. is usually beneficial to both countries.b. is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country.c. is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country.d. tends to create unemployment in both countries.Answer: A3.?If there are large disparities in wage levels between countries, thena. trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.b. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.c. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.d. trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.Answer: D4.Benefits of international trade are limited toa. tangible goods.b. intangible goods.c. services.d. None of the above.Answer: D5.Which of the following is not a major concern of internationaleconomic theory?a. protectionism.b. the balance of payments.c. exchange rate determination.d. bilateral trade 双边贸易relations with China.Answer: D6.“Trade is generally harmful if there are large disparities betweencountries in wages.”a. This is generally true.b. This is generally false.c. Trade theory has nothing to say about this issue.d. This is true if the trade partner uses prison labor.Answer: B7.The insight that patterns of trade are primarily determined byinternational differences in labor productivity was first proposed by` a. Adam Smith.绝对利益b. David Ricardo.c. David Hume.d. Eli Heckscher.Answer：B8.A fundamental problem in international economics is how to producea. a perfect degree of monetary harmony.b. an acceptable degree of harmony among the international tradepolicies of different countries.c. a world government that can harmonize trade and monetarypolicies.d. a counter-cyclical逆向循环monetary policy so that all countrieswill not be adversely affected by a financial crisis in one country.Answer: B9.For the 50 years preceding 1994, international trade policies have beengoverneda. by the World Trade Organization.b. by the International Monetary Fund.c. by the World.d. by an int’l treaty known as the General Agreement on Tariffs andTrade (GATT).Answer: D10.S ince 1994, trade rules have been enforced bya. the WTO.b. the G10.c. the GATT.d. The U.S. Congress.Answer: A11.T rade theorists have proven that the gains from tradea. must raise the economic welfare of every country engaged in trade.b. must harm owners of "specific" factors of production.c. will always help "winners" by an amount exceeding the losses of"losers."d. None of the above.Answer: D12.A n improvement in a country's balance of payments means a decreasein its balance of payments deficit, or an increase in its surplus. In fact we know that a surplus in a balance of paymentsa. is good.b. is usually good.c. is probably good.d. may be considered bad.Answer: D13.I nternational economics can be divided into two broad sub-fieldsa. macro and micro.b. developed and less developed.c. monetary and barter.d. international trade and international money. Answer: D。

《典范英语》（8_03）教学参考The Ultimate Trainers教学参考的目的在于为实验课提供一个基本的思路和框架，帮助实验教师更好地把握课题理念。

课题组鼓励实验教师结合学生的实际情况适当做出调整，将实验课上出特色。

一、教学目标1．语言目标：学生能够听懂并理解故事的内容；能够有感情地朗读；能够复述故事的主要情节；能够完成与故事相关的写作任务。

2．非语言目标：引导学生用平常心看待输赢和得失；启发学生思考比赛的真正意义（如重在参与，全力以赴），勇于挑战自我，展现体育精神（Swifter, Higher, Stronger）。

说明：语言目标由教师负责检查，确保学生完成任务，达到要求。

非语言目标具有开放性，需要教师围绕有意义的话题与学生进行真诚交流，激发学生的学习兴趣和参与热情，让学生在有思想、有内容的开放性语言实践活动中习得语言，树立正确的价值观。

二、课时安排要求学生每周完成一部作品，每周安排一节或两节实验课，课时放在学生读完该部作品之后。

三、课前任务要求学生每天朗读15-20分钟，辅以默读。

做到听读结合，认真把握和体会故事的内容，并适当积累好词好句。

四、课堂教学基本步骤1. 导入（Lead-in）：启发学生思考教师提出几个关于跑步比赛的问题请学生回答，如：Have you ever taken part in a running race? Does it matter what kind of trainers you wear?If you found a pair of magic trainers, what would you do?教师简要总结后，引导学生进入故事情景：In this story, who would take part in a running race? What did he find before the race? Did he win at last? Why? Let's find the answers from the story.2. 情节分析及复述（Plot Analysis and Retelling ）：启发学生思考；关注内容与语言表达的准确性，锻炼学生连贯表达思想的能力教师在黑板上板书每章的标题，然后请学生将各章纳入“introduction — build-up — climax — resolution ”的结构中去，可参考以下： Chapter 1 The perfect trainers （P3） IntroductionChapter 2 Kevin Beadle （P9）Build-upChapter 3 Jake tries them out （P12）Chapter 4 Anna works it out （P17）Chapter 5 ‘It won’t prove anything’ （P24）Chapter 6 Jake makes up his mind （P27）Climax Chapter 7 Where are the trainers? （P33）Chapter 8 The big race （P37）Chapter 9 The trainers get their own back （P46）Resolution Chapter 10 Back to whenever （P52） 然后教师针对每个部分进行提问，请学生回答：Introduction:Where did Jake find the trainers?What was Anna’s suggestion?What was Jake’s decision?Build-up:What did Beadle do to Jake when he was waiting for Anna?When Jake tried the trainers out, what happened?What was Anna’s explanation for the magic trainers? Why did she think so?What was Anna’s advice? Did Jake follow it?Which part of Chapter 5 foreshadows the bad thing that was going to happen to Jake? Can you guess what would happen then?Climax:Why did Jake change his mind?Who took the trainers away?Whom did Jake and Anna meet in the school?Who won the race at last? How about Jake?Resolution:Why did the trainers get angry? What did they do to Beadle?How did Beadle make things right in the end? Why did he give the trainers back?How did everyone end according to the story? What about the trainers?教师根据学生的回答，将各个部分的要点板书在黑板上。

《典范英语》（8_03）教学参考The Ultimate Trainers教学参考的目的在于为实验课提供一个基本的思路和框架，帮助实验教师更好地把握课题理念。

课题组鼓励实验教师结合学生的实际情况适当做出调整，将实验课上出特色。

一、教学目标1．语言目标：学生能够听懂并理解故事的内容；能够有感情地朗读；能够复述故事的主要情节；能够完成与故事相关的写作任务。

2．非语言目标：引导学生用平常心看待输赢和得失；启发学生思考比赛的真正意义（如重在参与，全力以赴），勇于挑战自我，展现体育精神（Swifter, Higher, Stronger）。

说明：语言目标由教师负责检查，确保学生完成任务，达到要求。

非语言目标具有开放性，需要教师围绕有意义的话题与学生进行真诚交流，激发学生的学习兴趣和参与热情，让学生在有思想、有内容的开放性语言实践活动中习得语言，树立正确的价值观。

二、课时安排要求学生每周完成一部作品，每周安排一节或两节实验课，课时放在学生读完该部作品之后。

三、课前任务要求学生每天朗读15-20分钟，辅以默读。

做到听读结合，认真把握和体会故事的内容，并适当积累好词好句。

四、课堂教学基本步骤1. 导入（Lead-in）：启发学生思考教师提出几个关于跑步比赛的问题请学生回答，如：Have you ever taken part in a running race? Does it matter what kind of trainers you wear?If you found a pair of magic trainers, what would you do?教师简要总结后，引导学生进入故事情景：In this story, who would take part in a running race? What did he find before the race? Did he win at last? Why? Let's find the answers from the story.2. 情节分析及复述（Plot Analysis and Retelling ）：启发学生思考；关注内容与语言表达的准确性，锻炼学生连贯表达思想的能力教师在黑板上板书每章的标题，然后请学生将各章纳入“introduction — build-up — climax — resolution ”的结构中去，可参考以下： Chapter 1 The perfect trainers （P3） IntroductionChapter 2 Kevin Beadle （P9）Build-upChapter 3 Jake tries them out （P12）Chapter 4 Anna works it out （P17）Chapter 5 ‘It won’t prove anything’ （P24）Chapter 6 Jake makes up his mind （P27）Climax Chapter 7 Where are the trainers? （P33）Chapter 8 The big race （P37）Chapter 9 The trainers get their own back （P46）Resolution Chapter 10 Back to whenever （P52） 然后教师针对每个部分进行提问，请学生回答：Introduction:Where did Jake find the trainers?What was Anna’s suggestion?What was Jake’s decision?Build-up:What did Beadle do to Jake when he was waiting for Anna?When Jake tried the trainers out, what happened?What was Anna’s explanation for the magic trainers? Why did she think so?What was Anna’s advice? Did Jake follow it?Which part of Chapter 5 foreshadows the bad thing that was going to happen to Jake? Can you guess what would happen then?Climax:Why did Jake change his mind?Who took the trainers away?Whom did Jake and Anna meet in the school?Who won the race at last? How about Jake?Resolution:Why did the trainers get angry? What did they do to Beadle?How did Beadle make things right in the end? Why did he give the trainers back?How did everyone end according to the story? What about the trainers?教师根据学生的回答，将各个部分的要点板书在黑板上。

English Homework for Chapter 11.In ancient times the rectilinear propagation of light was used to measure the height of objects by comparing the length of their shadows with the length of the shadow of an object of known length. A staff 2m long when held erect casts a shadow 3.4m long, while a building’s shadow is 170m long. How tall is the building?Solution. According to the law of rectilinear propagation, we get, x=100 (m)So the building is 100m tall.2.Light from a water medium with n=1.33 is incident upon a water-glass interface at an angle of 45o. The glass index is 1.50. What angle does the light make with the normal in the glass?Solution. According to the law of4.32170 xrefraction, We get,So the light makenormal in the glass.3. A goldfish swims 10cm from the side of a spherical bowl of water of radius 20cm. Where does the fish appear to be? Does it appear larger or smaller?Solution. According to the equation. and n ’=1 , n=1.33, r=-20we can getSo the fish appears larger.''sin sin I n I n =626968.05.145sin 33.1sin =⨯='I8.38='I rn n l n l n -'=-''11416.110133.15836.8)(5836.81165.02033.01033.11>-=⨯⨯-=''=-='∴-=--+-=-'+='l n l n cm l r n n l n l β n A4.An object is located 2cm to the left of convex end of a glass rod which has a radius of curvature of 1cm. The index of refraction of the glass is n=1.5. Find the image distance.Solution. Refer to the figure. According to the equationand n=1, n ’=1.5, l 1=-2cm,rn n l n l n -'=-''r 1=1cm , we getEnglish Homework for Chapter 21.An object 1cm high is 30cm in front of a thin lens with a focal length of 10cm. Where is the image? Verify your answer by graphical construction of the image. Solution. According toequation, and l=-30cm f ’we getOthers are omitted.cm l l d l l l 2021115.15.121211='∴-∞='-=∞='∴=-+-='f l l '=-'11)(15)30(10)30(10cm l f l f l =-+-⨯=+''='′′′2.A lens is known to have a focal length of 30cm in air. An object is placed 50cm to the left of the lens. Locate the image and characterize it.Solution.and f′=30cm l we getThe image is a real, larger one.3.The object is transparent cube, 4mm across, placed 60cm in front of 20cm focal length. Calculate the transverse and axial magnification and describe what the image looks like?Solution. From Gauss’s equation, we find for the rear surface of the cube (the face closer to the lens)that,f l l '=-'11(75)50(30)50(30l f l f l =-+-⨯=+''='5.15075-=-='=l l β)(3020)60()20()60(111cm f l f l l +=+-⨯-='+'='′For the front surface (the face farther away from the lens),The transverse magnification for the rear surface isBut the axial magnification isSince ,the cube doesn’t look likea cube.4.A biconvex lens is made out of glass of n=1.52. If one surface has twice the radius of curvature of the other, and if the focal length is 5cm, what are the two radii?Solution. Supposing r 1= -2r 2 (ρ2=-2ρ1),according to the lens equationwe get,∴r 1=7.8(cm) r 2=-3.9(cm))(9.29204.6020)4.60(2cm l +=+-⨯-='⨯-=-+=5.06030t M ⨯+=----=∆'∆=25.0)4.60(609.2930l l M a atM M ≠))(1(21ρρϕ--=n )(152.1(51ρ-=1282.01=∴ρ2564.02-=ρ返回English Homework for Chapter 4 1. A stop 8mm in diameter is placed halfway between an extended object and a large-diameter lens of 9cm focal length. The lens projects an image of the object onto a screen 14cm away. What is the diameter of the exit pupil?Solution. Refer to the figure. First, from the known focal length and the image distance,we find the object distance. and l ’=14 f ’=9l =-25.2(cm)The stop is one-half that distance is front of the lens, so l s =12.6(cm)∴l s ’=31.5(cm)∴2. Two lenses, a lens of 12.5cm focal length and a minus lens of unknownf l l '=-'11122.255.31-='==ss stop ex l l D D β )(28.05.2cm D ex=⨯=power, are mounted coaxially and 8 cm apart. The system is a focal, that is light entering the system parallel at one side emerges parallel at the other. If a stop 15mm in diameter is placed halfway between the lenses:1) Where is the entrance pupil?2) Where is the exit pupil?3) What are their diameters?’Solution. Refer to the figure. For thesystem to be a focal, the focal points of the two lenses mustcoincide. Since f 1’=12.5cm, and the two lenses are 8cm apart, so f 2’=-4.5cm. The entrance pupil is the image of stop formed by the first lens.According to Gauss’s equation,and l 1’=4cm, f 1’=12.5cm. We getThe exit pupil’slocation is返回111111f l l '=-'())(88.55.845.1211111cm l f l f l =⨯='-'''=)(05.22488.5151mm D D stopentrance =⨯==β)(95.715412.2)(12.25.818)4()5.4()4()5.4(222222mm D D cm f l l f l stop exit =⨯=∙=-=-=-+--⨯-='+'='βEnglish Homework for Chapter 71. A person wants to look at the image of his or her own eyes, without accommodation, using a concave mirror of 60cm radius of curvature. How far must the mirror be from the eye if the person has1) Normal vision?2) 4diopter myopia, without correction?3) 4diopter hyperopia, without correction?Solution.1) When the person has normal vision, according to the following scheme 1, we getso,∞='l cm r l 302==Scheme 1and, orSo the mirror must be 75cm or 10cmfrom the eye.and, or (Since the object isreal, so we can give up this answer)So the mirror must be 50cm from theeye.141-=m l r cm l l r 25-=='r l l 211=+' )(25cm l l +'=cm r 60=265852253048585025308522±=⨯⨯-±==⨯+-l l l ⎩⎨⎧==∴)(50')(7511cm l cm l ⎩⎨⎧-==)(15')(1022cm l cm l r l l 211=+' )(25'cm l l +=cm r 60=265352253043535025303522±=⨯⨯+±==⨯--l l l ⎩⎨⎧==∴)(75')(5011cm l cm l ⎩⎨⎧=-=)(10')(1522cm l cm l Scheme 2 Scheme 32. Discussion: What differences between the following situations:1) a microscope is used for projection;2) the microscope is used for visual observation.返回工程光学（上）期末考试试卷一．问答题：（共12分，每题3分）1．摄影物镜的三个重要参数是什么？它们分别决定系统的什么性质？2．为了保证测量精度，测量仪器一般采用什么光路？为什么？3．显微物镜、望远物镜、照相物镜各应校正什么像差？为什么？4．评价像质的方法主要有哪几种？各有什么优缺点？二．图解法求像或判断成像方向：（共18分，每题3分）1．求像A'B'2．求像A'B'3．求物AB经理想光学系统后所成的像，并注明系统像方的基点位置和焦距4．判断光学系统的成像方向5．求入瞳及对无穷远成像时50%渐晕的视场6．判断棱镜的成像方向三．填空：（共10分，每题2分）1．照明系统与成像系统之间的衔接关系为：①________________________________________________②________________________________________________2．转像系统分____________________和___________________两大类，其作用是：_______________________________ __________3．一学生带500度近视镜，则该近视镜的焦距为_________________,该学生裸眼所能看清的最远距离为_________________。